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1

Yip, Alexander Siumann 1979. "NATRON : overlay routing to oblivious destinations". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29724.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-53).
This thesis presents NATRON, a system in which an overlay network of nodes cooperates to improve unicast routing to non-participating hosts. Previous overlay systems have used overlay routing to improve communication between participating hosts; they were unable to exploit overlay routing to non-participating hosts. NATRON uses a combination of IP tunneling and network address translation to allow members of the overlay to communicate with hosts outside the overlay network via other overlay members. In order to estimate the potential performance improvement a system like NATRON might provide, we performed an exhaustive test on a multi-site Internet testbed. Our results show that a system that always guesses the best intermediate node could reduce the average HTTP transfer time by 18% and reduce the number of downloads lasting longer than 30 seconds by 16%. We implemented a working NATRON and a heuristic for choosing intermediate overlay nodes, but we find that our heuristic can only exploit 22% of the potential performance gains. We conclude that overlay routing to oblivious hosts has good potential for performance enhancement but further work is needed to develop a path choice heuristic.
by Alexander Siumann Yip.
M.Eng.

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2

Thies, Martina. "Herstellung und rheologische Eigenschaften von porösen Kalk-Natron-Silicatschmelzen". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966016726.

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3

Currie, Katherine Jane. "Analytical elemental fingerprinting of natron and its detection in ancient Egyptian mummified remains". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493942.

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The naturally occurring evaporitic deposit natron was collected and used by the ancient Egyptians as a desiccating and preserving agent m intentional mummification. Natron is a naturally occurring compound obtained from different geographical areas and would be expected to have a different elemental composition. The elemental composition of individual samples and areas within the sample were measured by two bulk analytical techniques and a laser micro-probe technique.

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4

Jones, Joshua Robert. "Investigating volcano tectonic interactions in the Natron Rift of the East African Rift System". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103780.

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Continental rifting, like other plate tectonic processes, plays a large role in shaping the Earth's crust. Active rift zones evolve from repeated tectonic and magmatic events including volcanic activity. Through investigations of currently and previously active rifts, scientists have discovered considerable interactions between these tectonic and magmatic processes during a rift's evolution; however questions remain about these interactions especially in youthful stages of rifts. We investigate an early phase magma-rich section of the East African Rift System (EARS), named the Eastern Branch to assess volcano-tectonic interactions. The Eastern Branch of the EARS consists of volcanically rich rifts that are actively spreading the Nubian Plate, Somalian plates, and Victoria block at different evolutionary stages making it an ideal study area for volcano-tectonic interactions. Our initial investigation of active volcano-tectonic interactions centered on a rifting event that occurred between 2007-2008 in the Natron Rift, a rift segment in the southern Eastern Branch located in Northern Tanzania. This rifting event contained multiple occurrences of tectonic, magmatic, and volcanic activity in close proximity. We examine the stress transferred from these events to the Natron Fault, which is the major border fault in the area, with analytical modeling using the USGS program Coulomb 3.4. We processed Global Positioning System (GPS) data that recorded slip on the major border fault in the region in early January 2008 and test which events could generate large enough stress changes to trigger the observed slip using a previously defined threshold of 0.1 MPa. These initial models were created using simplified model parameters, such as an elastic homogeneous half-space, and find that 1) magmatically induced stress perturbations have the potential to trigger fault slip on rift border faults, 2) magmatic events have the potential to trigger strike‐slip motions on a rift border fault, and 3) the proximity of magmatic activity may affect occurrences of slip on adjacent border faults. We then further investigate volcano-tectonic interactions in the Natron Rift by testing using numerical modeling with the CIG finite element code PyLith. We systematically test how adding topography, heterogeneous materials, and various reservoir volumes to a deflating 3 km deep magma reservoir system at the active volcano Ol Doinyo Lengai can affect stress transfer to the adjacent Natron Fault. We compare eight models with variations in topography, material properties, and reservoir volumes to calculate the percent differences between the models; to test their effects on the stress change results. We find that topography plays the largest role with the effect increasing with reservoir size. Finally, we seek to improve the capability of investigating volcano-tectonic interactions in the Natron Rift at faster time- scales by improving Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning data (latitude, longitude, and height) collection and distribution capabilities. In the final part of this work, we describe a new Python-based data broker application, GNSS2CHORDS, that can stream real-time centimeter precision displacement data distributed by UNAVCO real-time GNSS data services to an online EarthCube cybertool called CHORDS. GNSS2CHORDS is applied to the TZVOLCANO GNSS network that monitors Ol Doinyo Lengai in the Natron Rift and its interactions with the adjacent rift border fault, the Natron Fault. This new tool provides a mechanism for assessing volcano-tectonic interactions in real-time. In summary, this work provides a new avenue for understanding volcano-tectonic interactions at unprecedented, 1-second time-scales, demonstrates slip can be triggered by small stress changes from magmatic events during early phase rifting, and provides insights into the key role of volcanic topography during volcano-tectonic interactions.
Doctor of Philosophy
Investigating interactions between active volcanoes and tectonics (fault zones) is important for understanding how continental rifts grow and evolve over time. Modern researchers use geodetic data, geologic models, and computer simulations of rift processes; like volcanic eruptions and fault movement; to understand how stress in transferred and material deforms due to rift activity. We are especially interested in understanding the stress interactions when volcanic eruptions and earthquakes happen together over a short time period. Our projects apply these tools to examine a segment of the largest active continental rift zone, the Natron Rift in the East African Rift System (EARS), to understand more about the details of these volcano-tectonic interactions when continents break apart (rifting). We first present results that stress transferred to the Natron Fault associated with magmatic activity from the volcano Ol Doinyo Lengai may trigger a major fault to move. Next, we continue our investigations into volcano-tectonic interactions by seeing how volcanic properties could affect stress transferred in the Natron Rift region. We choose to initially test stress variations associated with different 1) topography surfaces, 2) material properties, and 3) reservoir volumes associated with the volcano Ol Doinyo Lengai using a more advanced computer modeling approach. This deeper investigation provides information about the individual roles these parameters play in a younger rift region. We present results that topography has the most influence on the stress transferred to the Natron Fault in our models, and that the other parameters did not play a large role in influencing the stress transferred. Finally we work to increase the ability for researchers to perform geodetic studies in the Natron Rift by providing a new method to share surface displacement data at an unprecedented 1 position a second rate (near real-time). This new method is a data broker application called GNSS2CHORDS that can stream cm precision displacement data to an online cybertool called CHORDS. With our models and data provided through open source methods this work contributes significantly to our understanding of volcano-tectonic interactions.

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5

Polat, Wiers Gülsinem. "Palaeomagnetism and Magnetic Fabrics of The Lake Natron Escarpment Volcano-sedimentary Sequence, Northern Tanzania". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-398409.

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The East African Rift System diverges in the Lake Natron Basin of Northern Tanzania and is a major zone of continental extension and crustal thinning with resulting in active tectonics and volcanism. The discovery of Acheulean technology in Olduvai Gorge and Peninj as well as the presence of significant volcanic centers, has made in the region subject to studies in various disciplines. However, lack of precise radiometric age constraints due to the complex geology of the region is a major drawback. The basin is bordered on the western side by an escarpment that contains thick sequences of volcanic (nephelinites, basanites, hawaiites, alkali basalts), volcaniclastic and lacustrine strata that predates 1.2 Ma. This thesis is based on 41 rock samples that were collected from two geological sections, the Endukai Kete (EK) and Waterfall (WF) sections and aims to establish a preliminary geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) for the Natron Escarpment, together with establishing possible flow directions of the volcanic lavas within these sections. Nephelinites of EK section have an inferred NW-SE direction of flow, based on study of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. They record a normal polarity that most likely correspond to the Cobb Mountain Event (CMT; 1.187-1.208 Ma), although there is an 80-ka discrepancy between the CMT event and the dated lavas. The most probable source is the Mosonik that erupted nephelinitic lavas 1.28 Ma ago. The palagonitic tuff layer below the nephelinites displays reverse polarity and a NE-SW direction of flow. Due to the absence of approximately 200 m strata within the basanite series of the section, regional lithological correlation is used to constrain the GPTS pattern. Hajaro Beds of the Peninj Group to the north of the escarpment, postdates the Olduvai Event (1.71 to 1.86 Ma) and lacustrine strata of the escarpment for EK and WF sections are deposited over the same unconformity and share depositional similarities. Therefore, the lacustrine strata are correlative to Hajaro beds and the normal event observed within the basanite series of both sections is attributed to the Réunion Event (2.116 – 2.137 Ma). The establishment of a preliminary magnetostratigraphic sequence presented in this thesis demonstrate that the rift escarpment in northern Tanzania is suitable for paleomagnetic dating. Future studies should be conducted to establish a more detailed and constrained magnetostratigraphic section, which will be of great use in this part of the African Rift where radiometric dating has been challenging.

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6

DARRAGI-GUEDDARI, FADILA. "Etude mineralogique et geochimique des evaporites et des sediments du lac natron (tanzanie) : analyse, modelisation experimentale et numerique". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13225.

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Ce travail est consacre a l'etude mineralogique detaillee des sediments lacustres et evaporitiques du lac natron en tanzanie ainsi qu'a la geochimie des eaux et des saumures et a leur interaction avec les sediments. La premiere partie du travail est consacree a l'etude mineralogique et geochimique des sediments lacustres et des evaporites du lac natron. L'etude des interactions entre les solutions, les sels et les sediments du lac a permis de mettre en evidence deux phenomenes geochimiques: la smectitisation et la zeolitisation. Le comportement des elements majeurs et de quelques elements traces dans les eaux et les saumures de lac natron a ete etudie et a permis d'identifier les phenomenes qui controlent l'evolution des concentrations de ces constituants en solution. En particulier, les teneurs anormalement elevees en fluorure, en phosphates et en silice sont controlees par les precipitations respectives de kogarkoite, de naphoite et de gels de silice. Ces phases minerales sont signalees pour certaines, pour la premiere fois dans un environnement carbonate alcalin. La deuxieme partie du travail est consacre a l'expose des resultats d'une experience d'evaporation sous microscope optique des saumures du lac natron, du chott el jerid (tunisie) et des salars de bolivie, et d'une serie d'evaporations simulees obtenues avec deux modeles numeriques: evaps et evapor. L'ensemble des resultats experimentaux et numeriques, permet de preciser les sequences evaporitiques associees aux differents types de saumures

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7

Marsh-Letts, Glennda Susan. "Ancient Egyptian linen : the role of natron and other salts in the preservation and conservation of archaeolgical textiles : a pilot study". Thesis, View thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20291.

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An understanding of the physical and chemical nature of archaeological textiles is an important prerequisite for their successful conservation treatment, display and storage. Ancient Egyptian linen textiles were examined through a combination of optical microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), ion chromatography (IC), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). These analytical techniques were used to distinguish between flax fibres, foreign matter present on and within flax fibres, and natron or other salts absorbed into the linen fibres in a form of partial mineralization. The use of ESEM enabled the observation and recording of the movement of salts, in real time, during cycles of hydration and dehydration. Few studies have been undertaken to date on the dynamics of salt crystallisation within organic archaeological materials, and none previous to this has been published showing the dynamics of salt crystallisation within archaeological textiles. Once the dynamics of salt crystallisation were viewed and recorded it became possible to investigate methods for the treatment of salt affected textiles through washing trials followed by alternative methods of drying. The release of salts from linen samples during washing in deionized water was monitored using IC and ESEM with EDXA, showing the pattern of salt removal and retention. The use of IC, ESEM and EDXA to monitor salt removal in textiles has not previously been reported. A conservation treatment for ancient Egyptian linen was developed, incorporating a long water washing to remove salts, soils and organic deposits, followed immediately by carefully controlled freeze drying. This was effective in preserving the integrity of the ancient linen. By combining archaeological, historical and chemical data, this pilot study of the effects of salts upon and within linen textiles has widened our understanding of the role played by salts in both the deterioration and the preservation of the textiles.

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8

Marsh-Letts, Glennda Susan. "Ancient Egyptian linen - the role of natron and other salts in the preservation and conservation of archaeolgical textiles a pilot study /". View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031219.155140/index.html.

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9

Hopp, Vanessa [Verfasser], Peter [Gutachter] Quirmbach y Joachim [Gutachter] Scholz. "Einfluss von Aluminium- und Bororthophosphat auf die chemische Härtung von Natron-Wasserglas-gebundenen feuerfesten Rieselmassen / Vanessa Hopp ; Gutachter: Peter Quirmbach, Joachim Scholz". Koblenz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1195529317/34.

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10

Šrámková, Eva. "Příprava historických geopolymerů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216348.

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Diploma thesis studies historical bonding agents on the base of geopolymers. The aim of the thesis is to find a proper material composition, especially made of natural clay materials (kaolinite, bentinite) and their modifications (metakaoline). These bonding agents have to have a suitable type of an activator that guarantees good bonding properties. Therefore testing of various kinds of alkaline activating ingredients on the same mineral composition was done. Except of usual hydroxides and a water glass, ancient natrons (mixtures of alkaline carbonate with addition of appropriate chlorides) and a lime mash were used as the activators. From the above mentioned mixtures, series of samples (columns 20 x 20 x 100 mm) stored at the laboratory temperature were prepared. In the prepared mashes, their workableness and moulding were investigated. In the developed samples, their surface appearance was observed together with a number of efflorescence and its types. An indivisible part of the research was formed by determination of mechanical properties of the experimental columns such as a compressive strength and a tensile strength in bending. Furthermore, phase composition of the samples and its changes with a temperature increase were investigated. For these tests, XRD and TG – DTA methods were used. A multi-seat isoperbolic calorimeter was used to study hydratation that was also the important part of the general evaluation of designed mixtures.

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11

Hansson, Käll Ida. "Möjligheternas nation? : En kvalitativ studie om Norrlands nations image och positionering". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-124509.

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Möjligheternas nation? Ida Hansson KällAbstractTitle: A Student Nation of Possibilities? A qualitative study of the image and the positioningof Norrlands nation (Möjligheternas nation? En kvalitativ studie av Norrlands nations imageoch positionering)Number of pages: 41 (43 including enclosures)Author: Ida Hansson KällTutor: Peder Hård af SegerstadCourse: Media and Communication Studies 30hpPeriod: Fall 2008University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science,Uppsala UniversityPurpose/Aim: The purpose of this essay is to identify what students in Uppsala and themanagement of Norrlands nation think of the activities at the nation's daily schedule. Theimage of Norrlands nation will be compared to the nation's profile and identity, its currentlyprofile and position in Uppsala. Proposals of preventive measures will also be presented.Material/Method: I've done two interviews with the management of Norrlands nation andtwo focus group interviews with three students in each group. During the interviews I havefocused on the image, profile and identity of Norrlands nation and its strengths, weaknesses,threats and opportunities to compare in a SWOT-analysis. I've used a semantic differential tocompare Norrlands nation to the two second biggest nations in Uppsala.Main results: Norrlands nation is mostly aware of its strengths and weaknesses that thestudents accentuated during the interviews. The results also show that the nation should try toget stronger at making sure the information about its activities reaches out to the students.Keywords: Image, profile, identity, positioning, student, nation2

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12

Olmstead, Wesley Gordon. "Matthew's trilogy of parables (21.28-22.14) : the nation, the nations and the reader". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314256.

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13

Bull, Carolyn Humanities &amp Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "No entry without strategy : an evaluation of UN transitional administration approaches to building the rule of law in disrupted states". Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39526.

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As a mode of intervention in which the UN assumed direct authority over disrupted states, transitional administrations represent unique examples of ambitious state-building projects. This thesis investigates the apparent failure of transitional administrations to establish the rule of law in Cambodia, Kosovo and East Timor. It identifies nine explanatory factors which are tested against each case study. In addition, it seeks to enhance conceptual understandings of the UN???s state-building agenda and to add to empirical studies regarding attempts by external actors to establish the rule of law in disrupted states. Three findings emerge. First, in each case, UN transitional administrations failed in each of the following ways: to make the best use of their mandate; to establish effective state justice institutions; to build local commitment to the rule of law as a value system; to promote social relationships supportive of the rule of law; to ensure sufficient state capacity post-intervention; to maintain adequate levels of security; to address the existence of informal justice structures; to deal with the legacies of the past; and to ensure an adequate level of mission performance. Of these, establishing effective state justice institutions, building local commitment and addressing informal justice structures proved most crucial. Second, the state-based ???enforcement??? approach adopted by transitional administrations proved ineffective. Enacting laws and establishing coercive state structures such as judicial, police and prison services were critical to, but could not be equated with the rule of law. This approach did not account sufficiently for the importance of entrenched informal justice institutions, of the voluntary consent of local actors, or of appropriate institutional design choices. As a result, it did not offer real solutions to real problems faced by local actors. Finally, the UN failed to consider fully how to create an enabling ???space??? in which internal processes of change could occur, to engage appropriately with local actors, to overcome the tyrannies of truncated deployment, or to address these issues at the ???front-end??? of the mission. This ???entry without strategy??? approach to state-building seriously undermined the UN???s ability to establish the rule of law, as the self-declared touchstone of its state-building agenda.

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14

Knapman, Gareth y gareth_knapman@hotmail com. "Barbarian Nations in a Civilizing Empire: Naturalizing the Nation within the British Empire 1770-1870". RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081029.123025.

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This thesis examines the emergence of the nation in the British Empire in the process of thinking about empire, economy and biology during the late-Enlightenment and the nineteenth century. A key aspect of this, Knapman argues, was concern over the dialectic of civilization and order as it related to the barbarian and the savage. The notion of the barbarian grounded the European nations in time and therefore constructing a sense of origin and particularism. Equally the savage and the barbarian placed non-European cultures in time. The thesis draws on a range of writers from eighteenth and nineteenth centuries such as Adam Smith, Edward Gibbon, David Hume, Thomas Malthus, John Stuart Mill, Charles Darwin, James Cowles Prichard, Robert Knox and many other lesser-known figures. This is related to an examination of the nation in British representations of Southeast Asia, including colonial officials such as Stamford Raffles, John Crawfurd, and James Brooke who produced encyclopaedic accounts of their experiences in Asia. The thesis argues that while the complex grammar of the British Empire divided the world into spheres of civilisation and barbarism, it retained a special place for barbarians within the core and thus allowed for the naturalisation of nations within the context of an empire of civilizing others.

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15

Olmstead, Wesley G. "Matthew's trilogy of parables : the nation, the nations and the reader in Matthew 21.28 - 22.14 /". Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam031/2003053192.html.

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16

Collins, Benjamin C. "Mine closure planning with First Nations communities : the Stk'emlupsemc te Secwepemc Nation and the New Afton Mine". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54759.

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The goal of this research is to understand how the traditional knowledge of the Stk’emlupsemc te Secwepemc Nation can be used to improve reclamation and closure planning of the New Afton mine. Furthermore, this research will provide insight into consultation with First Nation communities for closure and reclamation planning. The New Afton Mine site, located ten kilometers west of Kamloops, BC is on the traditional territory of the Tk’emlúps te Secwepemc and Skeetchestn Indian Bands. The application of traditional knowledge for closure is a relatively new field. As such, the application of the findings of this research are at a conceptual level. Interviews with traditional knowledge keepers were conducted to understand the relationship between plant life, wildlife, water sources and the traditional use pattern in the area. Site visits to both the Stk’emlupsemc te Secwepemc Nation and New Afton Mine site have taken place during this research study. Visits to the New Afton property focused on determining and understanding the different areas of disturbance. Visits with the Stk’emlupsemc te Secwepemc members were aimed at engaging, recognizing, and understanding their objectives for the long term post-closure use of the mine site. This research found an extremely strong connection between the community’s culture and natural environment. In addition, hunting, fishing, medicinal and nutritional plant gathering were considered as the key traditional land uses in the area. The New Afton Mine was known as an old stop-over ground for travelers in the region. Concerns relating to the impacts of tailings and possible contaminants to the environment (water, wildlife and plant life) were indicated. Reclaiming the land to a natural state was outlined as the most desirable outcome for closure. The technical constraints of the property were also discussed (subsidence zones, semi-arid conditions, etc.) and how the property, considered as a brownfield development, impacts the closure and reclamation outcomes. Finally, through the interviews and field notes, it was found that successful consultation and collaboration with First Nations communities requires: respect and understanding of the community’s culture and history, well established trust, and an ability to be flexible to the needs of the community.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of
Graduate

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17

Pierre, Jean Claudy. "Du projet de paix perpétuelle de Kant à l'organisation des Nations Unies : l'état-nation comme sujet de droit". Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32034.

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Dans la présente étude, nous procédons à une analyse critique de la théorie du droit mondial qui préconise le déclin de l’État comme présupposé et sujet du droit international. L’idée de ce déclin a été présentée et soutenue comme une condition indispensable à l’avènement d’un ordre juridique « global » dont l’individu deviendrait le principal sujet. Le droit mondial serait ainsi le seul cadre approprié à l’établissement de la paix. Invoquant l’idée kantienne de cosmopolitisme, les théoriciens du droit mondial croient trouver chez Kant un fondement philosophique à leur thèse. Cependant, une interprétation moins abusive du Projet de paix perpétuelle permet de voir que la souveraineté étatique n’est pas incompatible avec l’idée de paix. Pour Kant, s’il est nécessaire que les États aient recours à l’institutionnalisation juridique de leurs rapports extérieurs, ils ne peuvent pas toutefois se nier dans une « république universelle ». Car, étant donné que les peuples sont différents de par leur culture et vu que chaque peuple est appelé à exercer son droit à l’autodétermination, l’existence d’une pluralité d’États s’est imposée comme une réalité incontournable voire une nécessité. Il en résulte une société internationale composée d’États souverains et dotée d’un droit spécifique à sa condition. Depuis son apparition, l’ordre juridique international moderne suit un processus d’évolution qui est notamment marqué par deux caractéristiques antinomiques : le droit du libre recours à la guerre et le principe du non-recours à l’usage de la force ; celui-ci ayant été substitué à celui-là. Ce changement significatif a été rendu possible grâce à l’institutionnalisation des relations internationales due à l’initiative des États. Nombre d’auteurs avaient préconisé la création d’une organisation internationale comme moyen de pacification des rapports de coexistence interétatique. Cependant, n’ayant pas pris en compte certains aspects fondamentaux de la question, ils se sont contentés de proposer des « projets » que les États se devraient de mettre en application pour leur propre salut. Étant en rupture avec cette tradition de pensée, Kant est le premier penseur à avoir mis en lumière, non seulement la nécessité, mais aussi la possibilité d’une paix internationale qui soit l’expression de la volonté souveraine des États tout en étant fondée sur le droit. L’idée kantienne de paix perpétuelle est donc fondée sur la politique, le droit et la morale qui sont les trois catégories fondamentales de la pensée politicojuridique du philosophe. Il s’ensuit que l’institutionnalisation des relations internationales n’est pas une panacée qui pacifierait soudainement et une fois pour toutes les rapports de coexistence interétatique. Elle est de préférence une condition indispensable à la réalisation du droit international, c’est-à-dire un droit dont le principal objectif est la poursuite de la paix ; étant entendu que l’idée de droit est incompatible avec la guerre. C’est en raison de cela que le Projet de paix perpétuelle de Kant constitue un prisme adéquat pour une approche de l’ordre juridique international contemporain qui a été instauré avec la Charte des Nations Unies
This work is a critical review of the theory of world law which advocates the decline of Nation-State as the inherent subject of International Law. The idea of the decline of Nation-State is generally developed as an essential criterion for the establishment of a global law order in which individual would be the main subject of law, and the world law the only appropriate framework for the establishment of peace in the world. In our opinion, the kantian idea of cosmopolitanism has been wrongly interpreted by scholars in favor of the thesis of the world law. A proper interpretation of Kant’s Project for a Perpetual Peace shows that State sovereignty is not incompatible with the idea of peace. According to Kant, although it is necessary for Nation-States to institutionalize their relations, they could not abandon their sovereignty in a universal republic under a unique political domination. In fact, given that culture is a factor of difference among nations and seen that every nation is entitled to exercise his right of self-determination; the existence of a multiplicity of States established itself as an inevitable reality or even a necessity. Consequently, the international society exists as a society of Nation-States which design for themselves a specific law order. Modern International Law has been following a process of evolution that is notably characterized by two opposing factors: the right to wage war, and the prohibition of use of force. In actual, the prohibition of use of force has replaced the right to wage war. The institutionalization of inter-state relations has made possible this significant change. Several authors have suggested the creation of an international organization as a way to pacify the relations of coexistence between States. They simply formulated their ideas as a project that Governments had to implement for their own well being. With respect, I argue that they failed to take into account some fundamental aspects of the issue, and in this regard, Kant departed himself from traditional thinkers by being the first to emphasize not only the necessity, but also the possibility of international peace, compatible with sovereignty and also grounded in law. The kantian idea of perpetual peace is founded in politics, law and moral which are the main categories of his political and legal philosophy. As a result, the institutionalization of international relations is not to be construed as a sort of panacea capable of pacifying suddenly and once for all the international society. It is rather the indispensable precondition for the realization of an International Law whose primary objective is the pursuit of peace, law being incompatible with war. Thus, the Kant Project for a Perpetual Peace is an appropriate prism for an approach of the International legal order created by the UN Charter

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18

Kubisiak, Maximilian. "Bigfoot Nation". Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2021. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/964.

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An outcast Bigfoot and amateur “expert” in the study of humans, a Ted Kaczynski conspiracy theorist, and a bored Gen Z-er are all unwittingly drawn into a ring of political, corporate, and international conspiracies in a small Rocky Mountain town. The trio bumbles through the absurdities of a classic western conspiracy.

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19

Konokh, Polina. "Mule Nation". TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3129.

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This thesis project is a TV pilot and the second episode of the show. There is also a critical essay that serves as an explanation of the creative work. There are multiple problems addressed in the text, such as growing up, living in the modern world, countries not working properly for their citizens and other important issues of our modern life, with a thorough explanation of some of them in the critical essay. The screenplays are formatted according to the current industry standards. The result of this thesis is two first episodes of a potential TV show.

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20

Lagergren, Robin. "“Whose nation?” : A study of nation-building in Namibia". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-81646.

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Using a critical discourse analysis this study focuses on the Namibian nation-building process. The former colony gained its independence in 1990 from the South African apartheid administration. It was this oppressing social structure that gave the people a common enemy to unite against. It was from this unity that the Namibian identity sprung. This study took place during three month in Namibia where nine people were interviewed. They all had contributed, or still contribute to the nation-building process in different ways. Some for example active in the liberation struggle, active in government or in political youth organizations. To further contextualize the Namibian society three local newspapers was followed during this time. The material is here discussed and analysed along with theories on nations and nationhood, identity and nationality as well as with post-colonialism and globalization. The results show that the colonial history has affected many social structures of today. Both on an individual level as well as on an intergroup and a society level. The empirical material show tribalistic tendencies in the sense that tribal heritage sometimes is considered more important than a uniting Namibian identity. To put this in a wider perspective there is a discussion on how this relates to a global capitalist system.

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21

Motsch, Pascaline. "La doctrine des droits fondamentaux des États : vers un redéploiement fédéraliste ou étatiste ?" Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0132.

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La présente étude se propose de revisiter la doctrine classique des droits fondamentaux des États, et cherche à vérifier si c’est à raison qu’elle fut rejetée, ou si elle trouve désormais quelque environnement juridique plus favorable à son redéploiement. Opposés trait pour trait aux droits dits relatifs ou accessoires qui trouvent leur source dans le droit conventionnel et coutumier, les droits de conservation, de souveraineté, d’égalité, de respect et de commerce, sont conçus comme fondamentaux dans un sens évidemment matériel – ce sont des droits constitutifs de l’État-nation et, inversement, des droits dont l’aliénation totale ou partielle anéantirait ou diminuerait la personnalité de l’État qui y consentirait –, mais également dans un sens formel – la violation d’un droit fondamental étatique emportant des effets juridiques spécifiques comme la nullité des traités et le recours à la guerre. Or, en raison de la contradiction entre l’horizontalité de l’ordre juridique international et la fondamentalité des droits étatiques, ainsi que du fondement très individualiste de la doctrine, celle-ci subit les attaques des écoles positivistes et néo-naturalistes durant l’entre-deux-guerres, et finit par être absolument rejetée au sortir du deuxième conflit mondial. Prenant toutefois acte du regain d’intérêt doctrinal que suscitent les droits étatiques, tant en droit international qu’en droit de l’Union européenne et en droit constitutionnel, dans le contexte d’une société internationale qui a beaucoup évolué, il s’agit de vérifier si certains droits étatiques, prétendus fondamentaux, répondent bel et bien aux critères matériel et formel de la fondamentalité d’un droit. Dans une perspective fédéraliste, c’est-à-dire d’une protection institutionnalisée des droits étatiques, les États obtiennent-ils par exemple une garantie de leur droit à la survie dans le cadre des Nations Unies ou d’un droit au respect de leur identité nationale dans le cadre de l’Union européenne ? Dans une perspective étatiste, c’est-à-dire d’une protection unilatérale des droits étatiques, si les internationalistes classiques théorisent à raison que l’aliénation des droits souverains et des droits identitaires portent atteinte à la qualité d’État-nation, la garantie de tels droits ne relève-t-elle pas alors davantage de l’ordre juridique national que de l’ordre juridique international, auquel il n’échoit pas de protéger l’État contre lui-même
This thesis revisits the classical doctrine of fundamental rights of States, and attempts to determine whether it was rightly rejected, or if it could now be redeployed within a more adequate legal framework. In contrast with the so-called relative or accessory rights, which find their source in customary and conventional law, the rights to self-preservation, sovereignty, equality, dignity and mutual commerce are conceived as fundamental in a material sense – because they are inherently linked to the Nation-State and, conversely, a Nation-State could not dispose of them without affecting its statehood –, but they are also conceived in a formal sense – because their violation implies specific legal effects as the rights of the affected State to invoke invalidity of rules found in contradiction of them and, ultimately, to resort to war. In that respect, while classical internationalists hand down to posterity a notable theory of fundamental rights of States, they paradoxically claim to deploy it in the international legal order, which is radically horizontal. Therefore, somehow resisting from doctrinal attacks, the theory of fundamental rights of States was finally abandoned in the second half of last century. Nevertheless, acknowledging the renewed doctrinal interest in state rights, both in international law, in European Union law and in constitutional law, in the context of an evolving international society, the point is to question whether these states’ rights meet the materiel and formal criteria of the fundamentality of rights. In a federalist perspective, namely an institutional protection of state rights, do States obtain, for instance, a protection of their right to survival within the United Nations and a protection of their right to respect for national identity within the European Union ? From a statist point of view, namely a unilateral protection of state rights, if classical internationalists correctly theorize that the alienation of sovereign and identity rights undermine the quality of a Nation-State, does the protection of such rights fall within the international legal order or rather within the national legal order ?

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22

Kinnwall, Adam. "The Differentiation of a Nation : The Swedish Nation Brand Management". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-339554.

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This paper aims to highlight how the recent developments in international relations has created a environment with increased competition between countries for attention and assets and how these changes has promoted the increased use of public diplomacy to reach out to new actors. The study will focus on the public diplomacy sub-discipline of nation branding. The paper will analyze reputation management in international relations through the lens of corporate branding. This approach will help bridge the gap between marketing and international relations and expand the analytical toolkit for public diplomacy. While many studies have focused on branding campaigns this study will focus on the brand management to see whether it is capable of creating distinction and relevance for a nation brand or national reputation. The paper aims to give an descriptive analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats the Swedish reputation management faces in order to assess how the management can improve but also provide an analytical framework for researchers interested in studying reputation management. The paper will employ a qualitative method consisting of text analysis and interviews to connect the theoretical models with business practice to then present the results using a SWOT-analysis. The data gathered from the Swedish Institute serves to provide empirical data on the business conduct in relation to brand management and several indexes will be used to assess the Swedish brand. Results show that the Swedish nation brand management have adopted a wide range of methods to strengthen the distinctiveness and relevance for the Swedish brand and that the weaknesses are mostly connected to communication failures. The brand management has also good opportunities to further project a strong image of Sweden and the threats towards it are only marginal. The brand management should continue its current work while developing new methods and solutions to overcome the communication problems towards certain target groups. While the study have made contributions to understand how reputation management could be analyzed through corporate brand management, further research should look into whether a nation brand or reputation has been used as a power asset that is capable of actually acquiring global assets.

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23

Harty, Siobhán. "Disputed state, contested nation : republic and nation in interwar Catalonia". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0027/NQ50182.pdf.

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24

Beaudin, Hervé. "L'idée de Nation". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040006.

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L’idée de nation est l’un des sujets les plus sensibles de l’histoire de la philosophie politique. Après avoir distingué, parmi les doctrines politiques et sociales, les doctrines concentriques des doctrines transversales, et ayant classé l’idée de nation parmi les premières, nous étudions les rapports qu’elle entretient avec les secondes. Puis, abordant la place de l’idée de nation dans le champ des seules doctrines concentriques, nous observons que deux écoles traditionnelles se sont opposées en Europe depuis le XVIIIème siècle, l’école « allemande » (ou objective) et l’école « française » (ou subjective). La première s’organise autour des notions de peuple (Herder et Hegel), de territoire ancestral (Barrès et Maurras) et de langue (Fichte). La deuxième participe de la théorie du contrat (Rousseau et Renan), que sont venues compléter les théories de l’ethnicité (Barth et Connor) et les thèses de l’école constructiviste (Gellner, Hobsbawm, Anderson, Smith). Derrière cette opposition structurante, qui recouvre en réalité l’opposition entre déterminisme et électivité, se cache une affinité plus profonde qu’il ne paraît au premier abord, d'une part, parce que plusieurs éléments de la conception objective sont présupposés dans la conception subjective, et, d'autre part, parce qu’elles ont en commun de s’opposer frontalement au couple Fédéralisme/Multiculturalisme. Il nous appartient dès lors, après avoir pris soin d’en analyser les limites intrinsèques et les maladies historiques, d’en discuter les conditions de survie dans un monde qui prétend, en poursuivant les vues cosmopolites d’un Kant, faire vivre la démocratie en transcendant des frontières forgées par mille cinq cents ans d’histoire européenne
The idea of nation is one of the most sensitive subjects of the history of the political philosophy. Having distinguished, among the political and social doctrines, the concentric doctrines from the transverse doctrines, and having classified the idea of nation among the first ones, we study the relationships which it maintains with seconds. Then, approaching the place of the idea of nation on the field of the only concentric doctrines, we observe that two traditional schools opposed in Europe for the 18th century, the “German” (or objective) school and the “French” (or subjective) school. The first one gets organized around the notions of people (Herder and Hegel), around ancestral territory (Barrès and Maurras) and of language (Fichte). The second participates of the theory of the contract (Rousseau and Renan), that came to complete the theories of the ethnicity (Barth and Connor) and the theses of the constructivist school (Gellner, Hobsbawm, Anderson, Smith). Behind this structuring opposition, which recovers in reality the opposition between determinism and electivity, is hiding a deeper affinity than it appears at first sight, on one hand, because several elements of the objective conception are presupposed in the subjective conception, and, on the other hand, because they have in common to oppose frontally to the couple Federalism/Multiculturalism. We have to then, having taken care of analyzing the intrinsic limits and the historic diseases, to discuss the conditions of its survival in a world which claims, by pursuing the cosmopolitan views of Kant, to make live the democracy by transcending borders forged by one thousand five hundred years of European history

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25

Stefanovic, Svetlana. "Nation und Geschlecht". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-203559.

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Diese Dissertation bietet eine Darstellung und Analyse der Handlungsfelder serbischer Frauen. Dabei werden die Frauenbildung, das Engagement von Frauen in sozialkaritativen und patriotischen Frauenvereinen, sowie ihre Teilnahme an den zwischen 1876 und 1918 geführten „Befreiungskriegen“ thematisiert. Das Problemfeld von Nation und Geschlecht ist für Serbien fast völlig unbearbeitet. Die vorliegende Untersuchung geht den folgenden Fragen nach: Wie partizipierten Serbinnen am Prozess der Nations- und Nationalstaatsbildung? Welche Weiblichkeits- und Männlichkeitsbilder wurden im Nationsbildungsprozess verwendet? Auf welche Art und Weise partizipierten sie an den Kriegen und unterstützten das Militär? Wie wirkte sich der „Große Krieg“ auf die Geschlechterordnung in Serbien bzw. Jugoslawien aus? Da die für Frauen zentralen politischen, kulturellen und ökonomischen Wandlungsprozesse im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert in der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft der Städte stattgefunden haben, konzentriert sich auch diese Darstellung auf den städtischen Raum und seine Bewohnerinnen. Das bäuerlich-ländliche Frauenleben wird nur kurz angerissen. Die Arbeit nimmt den weiblichen Gruppenbildungsprozess in den Blick, der innerhalb einer schmalen bürgerlichen Schicht stattfand. In den westeuropäischen Ländern entstanden die ersten Frauenvereinigungen am Ende des 18. bzw. zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts. Serbien, dessen Bevölkerung mehrheitlich lese- und schreibunkundig war und von einer ländlichen Subsistenzwirtschaft lebte, folgte mit einer zeitlichen Verzögerung von mehreren Jahrzehnten. Um 1900 war in allen diesen Ländern ein dichtes Netz unterschiedlichster Frauenvereine anzutreffen. Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts stieg auch in Serbien die Zahl der Frauenvereine, die sich in einem Dachverband zusammenschlossen. Dieser Bund trat den internationalen Frauenorganisationen bei.

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26

Lewinski, John Scott. "Nation of Cowards". Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 1994. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/857.

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27

Prucpairojkul, Piyada y Supatana Triamsiriworakul. "Thailand’s Nation Branding : A study of Thai nation-brand equity and capabilities". Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-4315.

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Problem:

Which of Thailand’s four main sectors that nation brands compete including tourism, FDI, export promotion, and talent attraction that should be develop a main focus in developing a stronger Nation Brand for the country comparing to other four countries in South East Asia including Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines?

Purpose:

The purpose of this paper are 1) to study and analyze the current status of Thailand’s nation brand equity and 2) to examine the feasibility in each of Thailand’s four main sectors that nation brands compete including tourism, FDI, export promotion, and talent attraction by comparing to other four countries in ASEAN including Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia in order to generate recommendations for the country in developing a stronger nation branding strategy in the future.

Method:

In order to achieve our purpose, firstly, we chose ‘Asset-based Nation brand equity’ model to collect the information and perform analysis on the contribution of both nation internal and external assets towards nation brand equity. Secondly, ‘Nation brand internal analysis’ model was chosen in order to be a guideline for gathering data and performing analysis on Thailand’s nation brand capability in each of the 4 main sectors comparing to the other four countries. In addition, due to our research topic and limited time frame, we would rely on secondary sources as our main source of information with some guidance from our primary source. After the analysis had been performed, we had reached the conclusion and generated recommendation for our target group

Conclusion:

For the analysis of Nation brand equity, Thailand has equipped relatively strong internal assets both innate and nurtured as the country is rich with beautiful landscape and fascinating culture together with a strong support for the art from both governmental and private sectors. However, as for external assets, both disseminated and vicarious assets of Thailand still weakly contribute to the strength of the nation equity. Due to these reasons, we have recommended Thai governmental units to set up the organizations to improve the quality of disseminated asset and also start cooperation with private sector in order to come up with external portrayal in popular culture that can effective represent and enhance the country’s image.

As for the result of ‘Nation brand internal analysis’, Thailand has shown moderate to high capability in the Export Promotion sector which was the highest among the other 3 sectors. However, based on the data in the analysis part, there are still lots of things needed to be done both by Thai governmental units and private sector in order to boost the country’s nation brand capability to achieve competitive advantage in the international market in the long run. According to this point, we had listed some recommendations for the governmental units to use as a general guideline in obtaining a strong nation brand that could help the country become more competitive in the global market.

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28

Peristianis, Nicos. "Between nation and state : nation, nationalism, state, and national identity in Cyprus". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2008. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6485/.

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This thesis is a study of the emergence and diachronic development of Greek-Cypriot nationalism, and its relation to nation, state, and national identities. The broad perspective of historical sociology is used, and the more specific neo-Weberian analytic framework of cultural transformation and social closure, as developed by A. Wimmer, to demonstrate how nationalism, as the 'axial principle' along which modem societies structure inclusion and exclusion, did not lead to the development of a Cypriot nation state, but to a bi-ethnic national state instead; this was mainly because closure took place along ethnic and not national lines, for socio-historical reasons which the study examines. The study first explores the hotly debated issue 'when is the nation', of whether there was a Greek nation in antiquity, of which Greek-Cypriots were a part, or whether the nation's roots are traceable in Medieval times. Next, the development of national consciousness and nationalism is considered, under three different types of regime: During Ottoman rule, a religious community was gradually transformed into an ethnic community; toward the end of this period, Ottoman reforms did not manage to forge a common new (Ottomanist) identity, for social closure had already progressed along ethnic lines. In early British colonial years, ethnicity was politicized and ethnic consciousness gradually turned into a nationalist mass movement for enosis; despite the overall unity of the movement, two variants of nationalism developed, a more traditional ethnic version, characterizing the Right, and another version, imbued with territorial/civic elements (derived from the Internationalist outlook of the communist party), characterizing the Left The anti-colonial struggle for enosis was led by the Right, and excluded the Left and the Turkish-Cypriots. The fragile consociational regime established at independence collapsed after a brief period of cohabitation between the Greeks and Turks of the island in the bi-ethnic / bi-communal Republic of Cyprus - the study analyses the causes leading to the breakdown. Between 1964 and 67, the Greek-Cypriots turned to enosis again, but after realizing the difficulties and dangers involved in its pursuance, Makarios sought to strengthen independence instead, while limiting the powers of Turkish-Cypriots - in effect, aiming for a majoritarian regime with minority rights for the latter. The clash between pro-independence and pro-enosis versions of nationalism was to characterize this period, leading to the coup and invasion of 1974. With the death of enosis in 1974, Hellenocentric nationalism would give more emphasis to Greek culture and identity, whereas Cyprocentric nationalism would stress the priority of Cyprus, the state, and of rapprochement with the Turkish-Cypriots. The study utilizes data from two surveys coordinated by the author, to analyze in more depth the attitudes and discourses of Greek-Cypriots as regards their relations to the Greek nation and the Cypriot state. The gradual strengthening of Cypriot identity is seen to be connected with a new social compromise, which seems to have prevailed within the Greek-Cypriot community, stressing the importance of the Greek-Cypriot state, and which seems to be the primary explanation of why the Greek-Cypriots rejected the federal solution suggested by the UN sponsored Annan Plan, in 2004. In the same year, Cyprus became a member of the European Union, and the study considers some of the implications of this development for the future of nationalism in Cyprus.

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29

Fernandez, Nichole Marie. "Visualizing the nation : national identity, tourism advertising, and nation branding in Croatia". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25678.

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in many daily forms of media we see the nation being represented by or alongside images. These images of the nation inform the way we see both others and ourselves. This thesis attempts to understand the way the nation is visualized, a topic that has been largely overlooked by theorists of nationalism. The visualization of the nation is explored by researching two national tourism campaigns in Croatia. Croatia was chosen as a case study in which to examine the visualization of the nation due to its recent accession into the European Union alongside the country’s economic dependence on tourism and its current attempts at rebranding. In order to achieve the aims of this research I ask two main research questions: 1. How is the nation visualized in Croatia through tourism advertising and by whom?, 2. How is this visualization received by members of the nation? These questions were answered by combining three methodological steps which consisted of a visual analysis of the images of the campaigns, interviewing those involved in creating the campaigns and other members of the design or tourism community, and finally photo elicitation interviews with members of the Croatian public. This research found that Croatia is often peripheral within these tourism campaigns. The nation is represented passively with the main focus of the advertisements being the experience of tourism. Croatia is merely the backdrop that these tourism activities are being advertised through. This passive representation of Croatia is a consequence of an industry that is focused on increasing tourism numbers and that relies heavily on marketing data. The representation of Croatia is not the aim of these tourism campaigns. The passive image of the nation is additionally the consequence of Croatia’s uneasy relationship with presenting something as national. National pride is often equated with violent forms of nationalism and therefore visual representations of the nation are often eliminated from the positive marketing images of the tourism campaigns. Both members of the nation and the industry downplay the importance of tourism advertising arguing that these images are solely for the tourist and therefore they are largely insignificant. However, I use du Gay’s (1997) concept of the ‘circuit of culture’ to argue that tourism advertising is not just influenced by national identity but rather it is also influencing national identity. These tourism campaigns contribute to the construction of national identity. Therefore, this passive image of the nation is not just for tourists, it is part of a circuit of identity construction that reaches far beyond the target audience. Overall, these tourism images are simplistic and reductive imitations of the nation while national identity is complex, inconsistent, and often contradictory. Branding and design often aims to condense identity into easily recognizable and quickly communicated images making any attempt to brand the nation inherently lacking. While this reductive identity is useful when branding a company or product, when applied to the nation ethical questions emerge about who has the right to construct the nation’s image. I argue that this new phenomenon of commercialized branding that is now a responsibility of the nation is evidence of the changing role of the nation from a modern construction to a postmodern brander. This opens up questions about the democratic nature of these tourism images and consequences of nation branding efforts that continue to represent the nation in reductive and passive terms.

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30

Kacar, Ayse Duygu. "Cultivating The Nation: Ataturk". Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612702/index.pdf.

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Atatü
rk Forest Farm is a unique spatial practice representing the main philosophy of the Turkish Republic to create a new society by holding together modern agricultural and industrial production techniques, combining them with leisure activities and developing an urban farm. Eventually it is neither simply a land problem nor a heritage issue. Its being is evaluated as a conscious contribution for the cultural transformation of the Turkish nation. Therefore, its genesis is discussed in relation to the main definitions of culture in history: 1) cultivating nature with the idea of increasing the efficiency in products and lands
2) cultivation of minds in relation to the education of human beings
3) the process of social development
4) meanings, values, ways of life
5) practices which produce meanings and finally 6) the meshing of anthropological views linking the two definitions of &lsquo
a way of life&rsquo
and &lsquo
the production of meaning&rsquo
as a network of representations. The research has proved that there are very few experiments that might have some resemblance with Atatü
rk Forest Farm, however, its stance as a culture transformation agent is unique.

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31

Famich, Maiya. "Nation-building In Belarus". Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614194/index.pdf.

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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the process of nation-building in the Republic of Belarus from 1991 till the present time. The focus is made on two main projects of nation-building presented by the official authorities and the political opposition. The main concern of this thesis is to make a comparative analysis of these two projects of Belarussian national identity. Also, the thesis examines the views of the official authorities and the political opposition on the history of Belarus, which is used as a tool of national identity construction in their projects of nation-building. Concepts of ethnic and civic nationalisms are discussed aiming at understanding the nature of nationalism in Belarus together with different theoretical approaches to ethnicity.

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32

Lai, Yi-Peng. "EcoUlysses : nature, nation, consumption". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ecoulysses-nature-nation-consumption(5f957f07-9797-4ff7-9bea-73b49b413626).html.

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This study focuses on the relationship between environment, history, politics, and rhetorical discourses in James Joyce’s Ulysses. Delving into different aspects of Joyce’s use of nature and linguistic discourses in orchestrating a specific dynamic of eco-politics, this thesis adopts an interdisciplinary approach that includes cultural politics, historiographical poetics, genetic criticism along with close reading of the text. The project is thematically divided into two main sections. The first section addresses the environmental questions of land and consumption through discussions on co-operative politics, garden city movement, and the eco-politics of waste. The second section of the thesis moves to examine the diverse ways in which nature and nation are (re)imagined exemplarily in Joyce’s composition of the tree wedding ceremony (in Chapter 12 of Ulysses) and the marketplace. I argue that, composed intertextually with a wide range of literary, historical, and contemporary resources, Joyce’s writing of nature deserves an interdisciplinary eco- political reading to be more appropriately comprehended in ecocriticism and Joycean studies. By looking closely into several thematic environmental issues addressed in Ulysses with the evidence of historical and archival resources, this study has demonstrated that Joyce is after all a writer with the environment in mind, and that the imagination of nature in Ulysses is inseparable from that of the emergent nation of fin-de-siecle Ireland.

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33

Yu, Kwok-hung y 庾國雄. "To save the nation". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951594.

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34

Pollock, Graham Ian Kirk. "Civil society and nation". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250141.

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35

Slabý, Adam. "Nation als politischer Argumentationsgegenstand". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-217118.

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Gegenstand der vorliegenden Dissertation ist die Untersuchung der Verwendung nationaler Kategorien in der Programmatik tschechischer Parlamentsparteien in den Jahren 2004 bis 2010. Zugrunde liegt hierbei ein wertungsfreies, analyseorientiertes Verständnis des Begriffs „Nationalismus“ vor, der als Prozess verstanden wird, durch den nationale Kategorien entstehen und gesellschaftliche Wirkung entfalten. Der erste Abschnitt der Arbeit dient der theoretischen Erörterung des zugrunde liegenden Verständnisses von Nationalismus und einer entsprechenden Ableitung der zu erfassenden Stellen in dem Untersuchungsgegenstand der Arbeit. Das Analyseinstrumentarium ist an die Wissenssoziologische Diskursanalyse angelehnt. Im zweiten Abschnitt der Dissertation werden die primären Begriffe und Methoden erläutert, in die Operationalisierung des Nationalismus-Begriffs und somit in das Forschungsdesign integriert. Nach einem historischen Überblick der nationalrelevanten Diskurse erfolgen die Auswertung der Parteiprogramme und die Interpretation der Befunde. In die Evaluation gehen die historische Einordnung und die Kontextualisierung der erhobenen Aussagen unter Einbeziehung weiterer Diskursfelder ein. In der Arbeit wird eine Präsenz nationalbezogener Kommunikation und Inhalte in den Programmdokumenten festgestellt, die sich vorrangig auf die Geschichte und Nationalkonstituenten bezieht. Zugleich wird konstatiert, dass dabei die politische Mobilisierung und Instrumentalisierung eine vordergründige Rolle spielt, die oft den Zweck des Erhalts der betreffenden nationalen Kategorien überragt.

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36

Poland, Kristofer P. "A NATION OF GAMERS". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1180537228.

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37

Soulié, Rémi. "Aragon et la nation". Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20021.

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En ce qui concerne la nation francaise, les ecrits d'aragon presentent un double aspect: denigrement systematique d'une part, apologie tous azimuts de l'autre pourquoi? comment? dans un premier temps, l'ancien combattant de 1914-1918 rejette le nationalisme, toujours "etroit", fauteur de guerre, paravent des interets de la classe dominante. Approfondissant sa lecture de marx et de barres, aragon prend peu a peu conscience des realites qui determinent les individus et, parmi elles, le paysage sur lequel ils ouvrent les yeux a la naissance (natio). De plus, l'histoire de france est grande de la revolution de 1789, de la commune, de sa tradition litteraire et picturale. Dans un second temps, a partir de 1934 l'ecrivain est philosophiquement prepare a accepter la totalite de l'heritage francais et a le chanter sur le mode epique et lyrique, en particulier lorsque la patrie se trouve menacee (lors de la deuxieme guerre mondiale puis au moment de l'hegemonie americaine qui s'en suivit ainsi que de la construction de l'europe). A cette fin, aragon mobilise les heros de la legende et de l'epinal, de vercingetorix a jeanne d'arc, s'inspire de michelet et de peguy, renoue avec la versification classique, participe a l'elaboration de la politique nationale communiste, regarde avec amour la geographie francaise. Il se dessine une france profonde, eternelle, merveilleuse qui ne ressemble autant a elle-meme que lorsqu'elle s'ouvre a l'universel
With regard to the french nation, aragon's works show a twoofold aspect: a systematic discredit on the one hand and an absolute song of praise on the other hand. Why? how? the world war i veteran first rejected nationalism which he always thought narrow, responsible for wars, meant to concedl the interests of the dominating class. Reading marx and barres more throughfly, aragon gradually realized what really makes up people and he then considered the land which they first see on the day they were born (natio). Moreover, the history of france is rich with the french revolution (1789), the commune and literary and pictorial traditions. By 1934, the writer was then philosophically ready to accept the french heritage as a whole and to praise it epically and lyrcally especially when the country was in danger (during world war ii, the americain hegemony which followed and the building of europe). He then used the heroes of legends and epinal printings from vercingetorix to joan d7arc, he drew his inspiration from michelet and peguy, he went back to classical versification, he participated in working out of communist national politics, he looked at the geography of france with love in the eyes. Finally he designed an original and eternal and wonderful france which is never so much itself as when it opens up to universality

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38

Mngomezulu, Nosipho Sthabiso Thandiwe. "Re-imagining the nation". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019999.

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This thesis examines young people’s constructions of nationhood in Mauritius. In 2008, the Mauritian government instituted a Truth and Justice Commission (TJC), set up to investigate the consequences of slavery and indentured labour. Through the Truth and Justice Commission, the Mauritian government indicated its desire to achieve social justice and national unity. Drawing on developments in studies of national identification practices in the 21st Century, this thesis addresses the question of young Mauritian’s locally and globally informed identification practices and asks how their unofficial narratives of nationhood challenge, or divert, or relate to official state narratives of nationhood. The basis of the study emerges from data collected from 132 participants during fieldwork in multiple fieldsites from May to September 2010 as well as research on Mauritian youth on-line from 2011-2014. The advent of the TJC offers an ideal moment to evaluate the dynamics of post-colonial nation-building and nationhood in a selfstyled multi-cultural state. Nationhood, does not exist apriori to the constructions of narratives of the nation, thus the stories told about the nation, imagine the nation into being. By situating the Truth and Justice Commission and other official state narratives alongside young people’s narratives, I argue that contemporary narratives of nationhood in Mauritius represent an intergenerational struggle to define the meaning of the past in the present and consequently outline the future. Reflecting on the ideas and socio-economic and political processes that induce national consciousness, I argue that young people’s narratives of everyday lived experiences are vital for an interpretation of how nationhood is produced in everyday life. The cultural projects of young people – often rendered as liminal or marginal – offer a critical vantage point from where to read constructions of nationhood. Far from being growing pains or childish games, young people’s identity making practices are what Sherry B. Ortner has called “serious games.” This research suggests that official state government narratives of multicultural nationhood in Mauritius narrowly define national identification along communal loyalties, overlooking the dynamism of interculturality and transnationalism in daily practice on the island. Although communalism and rigid colonial interpretations of ethnicity attempt to police and limit the possibilities of alternative modes of being in Mauritius, young people’s identification practices question, challenge, and threaten to disrupt official discourses of ethnic identification in Mauritius Scholarly investigations of young peoples’ lived experiences of nationhood extend theoretical and methodological frames for the study of nationalized subjects and deepen the understanding of the construction of national consciousness. The construction of nationhood always involves narratives of some sort – scholarship on this area has usually focused on official state narratives from social theorists, state governments, and state elites. I argue for the importance of considering subjectivity and lived experience in conceptions of nationhood. In contemporary post-colonial societies, young people are the numerical majority, however, their voices are seldom represented in theories and narratives of nationhood. Whilst young people may appear in state policies (especially education) and official narratives about the future of the nation, their creative imagining and reimagining of narratives of selfhood is often ignored. I examine how young people increasingly are aware of their transnational connections, through participation in transnational youth cultures, and they are consequently increasingly multi-lingual and multicultural. Fixed notions of ethnic identification and discourses of trauma are not at the forefront of young people’s identification of selfhood, rather their ability to take advantage of their multiply situated identification processes allows them new means to evade and transform these narratives. Their identification of selfhood is characterised by a greater degree of dynamism than previous generations had access to, and thus they do not only identify themselves through officially sanctioned national forms of identification. Loyalty to nationhood is thus less predictable, and young people represent a potential threat to the continuation of older forms of nationhood. While official narratives of nationhood may manipulate ethnic and racial cleavages to secure old loyalties, not all young people are persuaded by these notions

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39

Merlin, Christian. "La Nation dans l'austromarxisme". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599833d.

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40

Hille, Jochen. "Gute Nation oder Europa?" Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15381.

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Norwegen und die Schweiz sind keine EU-Mitgliedstaaten, weil die Bevölkerungen die Integration mehrheitlich in Referenden ablehnte. Die enorme Mobilisierung und Emotionalisierung in den nationalen Integrationsdebatten kann weder durch ökonomische noch durch politische Umstände hinreichend erklärt werden, zumal die Eliten beider Länder mehrheitlich die Integration unterstützen. Die Hauptmobilisierungsressource von Euroskeptikern liegt vielmehr darin, tief verwurzelte nationale Selbst- und Fremdbilder zu reaktivieren. Diese Diskursanalyse beschreibt vergleichend, auf welche Art und Weise die größten euroskeptischen Akteure der Schweiz und Norwegens diesen Rückgriff auf das Nationale in Integrationsdebatten herstellen. Gefragt wird, wie die „Aktion für eine Unabhängige und Neutrale Schweiz“ (AUNS) und die eng mit ihr verbundene „Schweizerische Volkspartei“ (SVP) einerseits, und die norwegische Bewegung „Nein zur EU“ (norwegisch: Nei Til EU) andererseits, ihren Integrationswiderstand mittels nationaler Narrationen und Bildersprachen als sinnvoll darstellen. Hierzu werden umfangreiche euroskeptische Bild- und Textquellen referiert und gedeutet. Damit wird ein Beitrag zur Forschung über das Selbstverständnis, die Denkweise, die Rhetorik und das Tugendsystem anti-integratorischer Bewegungen geleistet. Denn Euroskeptiker verstehen sich primär als Verteidiger der guten nationalen Gemeinschaft. Diese Gemeinschaft und dessen Nationalstaat beschreiben sie als wärmer, natürlicher, näher, gerechter, effizienter, friedlicher und demokratischer als das integrierte Europa, welches als ferner, kalter, bürokratischer Superstaat EU dargestellt wird.
Norway and Switzerland are not member states of the EU, since the majority of the people rejected integration in several referenda. The emotionality and the enormous mobilisation in national debates on integration cannot sufficiently be explained by economic and political reasons, since the majority of the elites are supporting integration. Instead, the main resource of mobilisation for Eurosceptics lies in reactivating deeply rooted descriptions of national self and other. For carving out these collective images, this discourse-analysis compares how the major Eurosceptical actors of Switzerland, the “Action for an Independent and Neutral Switzerland” (AUNS) together with the tightly connected “Swiss People’s Party” (SVP), on one hand, and the Norwegian movement “No To EU” (NEI TIL EU), on the other hand, describe their actions as meaningful in their iconography and narrations. In doing so, the study refers to and interprets extensive material from Eurosceptical actors and contributes to the understanding of Eurosceptical self-perception, ways of thinking, rhetoric and virtue system. Here Eurosceptics perceive themselves mainly as defenders of the national community and its nation-state, which are regarded as warm, natural, close, justified, efficient, peaceful and democratic, while Europe is perceived as the cold, distant, bureaucratic superstate EU.

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41

Tann, Ken. "Semogenesis of a nation". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7611.

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The aim of this thesis is to model the discursive construction of identity in a way that retains its multifaceted dynamics within a coherent framework. It focuses on a key aspect of the linguistic construction of collective identity known as identity icons, and proposes a model of iconography for the study of the mechanisms underlying the discursive tropes in identity discourses. The study seeks to map out the potential space of this iconography, drawing on both the identity theories in social sciences and the analytical tools developed in linguistic frameworks. The data is drawn from a well established tradition of discourse on Japanese identity known as Nihonjinron, and four representative texts from different phases of its development are selected for analysis in this exploratory study. The thesis takes the social construction of national identity (Anderson 2006 [1983]; Hall 1997) as its point of departure, and is informed by critical readings of Nihonjinron (Dale 1986; Yoshino 1992; Befu 1992; Aoki 1999). The present study contributes to the current debates in identity research by providing a detailed, empirical account of the process of identity construction in actual texts, to make a case for bringing concepts even as seemingly slippery and intractable as identity into a rational and systematic linguistic inquiry. The present study draws on the framework of discourse analysis developed within Systemic Functional Linguistics (Martin 1992; Martina and Rose 2003; Martin and White 2005) and the methodology of Membership Categorization Analysis (Jayyusi 1984; Antaki and Widdicombe 1998) for the analysis of the data. It is part of the growing interest in identity and bonding icons within SFL, and has been developed to bring these two current threads of research together. The proposed iconography therefore represents an initial step in mapping out this space, by building on some of the latest research in SFL, including bonding icons (Martin and Stenglin 2006; Maton 2008), legitimation (van Leeuwen 2007) and commitment theory (Hood 2008), and provides an integrated model for further linguistic research into identity. This thesis also addresses the methodological problems that discourse analysis must face to engage responsibly with identity as an object of study, and provides a rigorous linguistic approach that both acknowledges and is informed by the insights gained from the debates within identity studies. It thereby contributes to the development of the Systemic theory by engaging it in dialogue with the current understanding in the field of identity research.

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42

Wattman, Annie. "Partnership without Membership : A role theoretical and framing analysis of Sweden’s Agreement regarding Host Nation Support with NATO". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385806.

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43

Cavon, Aaron F. L. "Nations within nation, an intercultural reckoning of interior national diversity in the Canadian novels Chorus of mushrooms and In another place, not here". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0027/MQ36408.pdf.

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44

Gagné, Marie-Anik Tyna. "A nation within a nation: The Dependency Theory and the James Bay Cree". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6511.

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This thesis analyses the conditions of the James Bay Cree using the Dependency Theory. The first chapter consists of a discussion surrounding the theory. This is followed by a look at how the Cree became a periphery through the years. The third chapter highlights the effects of dependency on the mental and physical health of First Nations Citizens across the country. The James Bay Hydroelectric Project is then given as an example of how the centre exploits the peripheries. Finally the possible solutions to the problem of dependency are discussed in the conclusion.

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45

Zetterblom, Susanne. "Women as Nation Builders : Strategically invested aid in Uganda for nation-building processes". Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-734.

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Former colonized countries, especially in Africa, have suffered a tough political climate, often under the leadership of a dictator. The process of implementing democracy has, in many states, often been violent and terrifying. Under these circumstances, it has been hard to build institutions where people feel united as one nation. Poverty, corruption, old cultural and religious boarders and expressions among other circumstances are factors that you have to consider when developing a strong economic and democratic nation. Women often have a marginalized role within these states. In order to achieve the right to get education, or to be a part of the political arena, they have had to struggle both against men and other women. Most of Uganda’s income comes from the agriculture. Within this sector there are mostly women working under poor circumstances. To develop female self-employment some of the Swedish aid is given within micro-financial and cooperation projects to improve the economy for the nation and the women’s status within society. This study could be of importance to see if or how strategically invested aid actually improves the role of women as good recourses for building the nation Uganda. The answers and the conclusions given could also give clues, important for nation building processes in general and for women as nation builders in particular, in the continuing work in building the nation Uganda. The purpose for this dissertation is to interview women that are participating in two different projects that are supported by Swedish NGOs, in order to see if their own experiences of being part of the projects correspond to the project plans aims. This dissertation has been made possible through a Minor Field Study Scholarship, financed by SIDA, handled by The International Programme Office for Education and Training, which is a government agency that promotes academic exchanges and cooperation across national borders.

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46

Jordan, Paul Thomas. "The Eurovision Song Contest : nation branding and nation building in Estonia and Ukraine". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2972/.

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Studies focussing on Europeanisation and in particular on the return to Europe of postcommunist states have come to the fore in political science research since the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. The way in which many states of the former Eastern Bloc have engaged with European geopolitical power structures such as the European Union and Council of Europe has been well-documented. Europe is a contested construct and its boundaries are still subject to redefinition. This study examines issues of Europeanisation, national identity and nation branding through the lens of popular culture. In particular the role that events such as the Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) play in illuminating the more salient issues of European identity politics has until recently been an area which has lacked scholarly attention. Although the volume of literature on the event is steadily increasing, there has to date, been no in-depth study conducted on a Former Soviet Republic. This study aims to fill this gap. This thesis comprises a case study of the role of the Eurovision Song Contest in Estonia and Ukraine. The empirical findings highlight the contested nature of the construction of national identities in the post-Soviet region and in particular, this study has drawn out some of the more salient aspects of identity politics. By exploring these issues through the prism of the Eurovision Song Contest, I argue that the event is significant in terms of nation branding and image building, particularly in the context of the return to Europe of post-communist countries. The Eurovision Song Contest is often an event which is dismissed as musically and culturally inferior. However, this study shows that different nation states attribute different meanings to the ESC and as such there is a need to go beyond the dominant (western) view of the contest in order to explore the diversity of issues that this event illuminates in wider socio-political debates in Europe today.

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47

Villavicencio, Susana. "Citoyenneté et philosophies de la nation en Argentine : Sarmiento et la nation civique". Paris 8, 2005. http://octaviana.fr/document/181394154#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.

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48

Ferguson, Bennie Lee. "What is a nation: The micronationalist challenge to traditional concepts of the nation-state". Thesis, Wichita State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2410.

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While primarily concerned with questions of legitimacy, particularly in regard to issues such as sovereignty, recognition, and autonomy as they relate to diminutive nationalistic entities (otherwise known as “micronations”), this work also seeks to resolve definitional concerns associated with the concept of “nationalism”in general. In an attempt to simultaneously realize these objectives, the “micronationalist”phenomenon has been examined in light of academic and legal research, particularly in connection with traditional international law. Research for this project entailed consultation of a variety of secondary scholarly sources, including books, journals, and “online”material. Primary sources included direct personal communication with the heads of state of various “micronationalist”entities. The governments of these states also provided material concerning political, cultural, sociological, military, and economic developments associated with their nations. Where “micronations”specifically are concerned, the motivations of those who establish them are found to be divergent in the extreme. Also, even though “micronationalism”is often associated with the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, such states have existed since antiquity. Their relationships with larger, more powerful, traditional nations have typically been characterized by disputes over the aforementioned issues of sovereignty, recognition, and autonomy. It was concluded that “nationalism”itself (or, more specifically, “nationhood”) is at best an ambiguous and nebulous term. There is an absence of consensus within both the legal and academic communities regarding this issue, as well as among the governments of traditional nations, leading to the current proliferation of “micronationalist”states.
Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of History

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49

Graziano, Manlio. "L'Italie, un Etat sans nation ? : voyage à travers les contradictions d'un Etat-nation incertain". Grenoble 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE39027.

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En mai 2001, pour la deuxième fois en 140 ans d'histoire, l'Italie changeait de majorité à la suite d'une consultation électorale. Il s'agit d'une transformation majeure des coutumes politiques qui peut être considérée comme l'aboutissement de deux processus interdépendants : la tentative de discipliner par l'accroissement des dépenses publiques les effets des séismes sociaux issus du " miracle " économique d'une part et, d'autre part, un système de relations internationales de plus en plus caractérisé par l'ouverture, la libéralisation et l'intégration des marchés. Le cycle libre-echangiste mondial a fini par imposer partout le démantèlement progressif des protections publiques et a jeté dans le désarroi politique les pays où l'État jouait un rôle prépondérant dans la vie économique, comme l'Italie. Aussi les systèmes de protection sociale ont-ils été sévèrement restructurés, ce qui a provoqué en dernier ressort une crise de confiance entre les électeurs et les élus. La crise de restructuration qui a entraîné le triomphe du libéralisme est un phénomène mondial. Chaque pays a dû se conformer aux obligations que le nouveau cycle économique imposait. Mais chaque pays l'a fait selon des modalités spécifiques, qui lui viennent de son histoire et de sa tradition. En Italie, l'hétérogénéité de la classe dirigeante constitue le principal facteur multiplicateur de la crise. Cette hétérogénéité est à son tour le fait de la persistance des divisions et des faiblesses de la bourgeoisie de la Péninsule. Des divisions historiques, régionales, sectorielles ou encore fondées sur des intérêts contingents qui, amoindries et dissimulées par le recours constant au compromis transformiste, ont toujours empêché la formulation d'un projet stratégique clair et univoque. Des faiblesses structurelles qui, s'ajoutant aux incertitudes stratégiques, ont toujours fait de l'Italie un pays particulièrement sensible à l'influence des grandes puissances et au poids des relations internationales. Dès sa naissance, l'Italie est le résultat d'un concours extraordinaire de circonstances imprévues créées par le réaménagement des équilibres européens. Depuis lors, les grands tournants du pays ont toujours coi͏̈ncidé avec les grands tournants des relations internationales, dont ils ont été les reflets. L'ensemble de ces facteurs contribue à la faiblesse et à la fragilité du sentiment de cohésion nationale. La fragmentation de la classe dirigeante - dont les racines historiques plongent dans l'unification manquée du XVe siècle - s'est répercutée dans la fragmentation linguistique, dans le provincialisme de la production littéraire mais aussi, a contrario, dans la relative homogénéité religieuse du pays, c'est-à-dire dans l'influence préservée de l'Église catholique qui fut longtemps l'adversaire le plus résolu de l'unification. Tous ces legs de l'histoire de la Péninsule ont refait surface lors de la crise des années 1990. L'étude sans complaisances et sans préjugés de cet héritage historique peut fournir des clés pour la compréhension du passé mais, surtout, pour celle du présent et de l'avenir de l'Italie dans le processus actuel d'unification européenne.

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50

Nuñez, camacho Vladimir. "Langage, nation et identité : la construction de la nation en Colombie au XIXe siècle". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30006.

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Le présent travail est consacré à l’étude de la construction de la nation en Colombie au XIXe siècle, sujet qui a été traditionnellement étudiée par des historiens et dont le thème de la langue nationale est complètement négligé. Cette problématique est liée au fait que les scientifiques du langage en Colombie n’ont jamais traité le problème de la langue et sa relation avec la nation c’est pourquoi cette nécessité s’impose. Une deuxième préoccupation concerne le rôle des grammairiens-politiciens dans la conformation de la nation. L’élite éclairée qui a participé à l’indépendance et celle d’après qui a fondé la nation ont choisi le modèle de nation européen, et en même temps ont développé une stratégie où le mécanisme administratif colonial espagnol est remplacé par d’autres mécanismes de colonisation interne, que j’appelle d’endo-colonisation. La période d’étude de cette recherche commence en 1770 par l’édit royal du 10 mai qui interdit l’usage des langues autochtones dans tout le royaume espagnol, en passant par la création de l’Académie Colombienne de la Langue Espagnole en 1871, première Académie correspondante de l’Académie Royale Espagnole dans le monde jusqu’à 1886 année de la promulgation de la Constitution nationale qui a dominé le panorama politique Colombien au XXe siècle. L’étude de cette longue période implique l’élaboration d’une méthode d’analyse basée sur la combinaison de la méthode archéologique, généalogique et l’analyse du discours. Elle implique aussi une réflexion sur les rapports pouvoir-savoir et sur la production de subjectivités, qui interrogent notre passé à partir du présent
This work is devoted to the construction of the nation in Colombia in the nineteenth century. This subject has been traditionally studied by historians who had neglected the national language theme related to the fact that language scientists in Colombia have never studied the relationship between nation and language. That’s why the need arises.A second concern is the role of grammarians-politicians in the conformation of the nation. The enlightened elite who participated in the independency and that who succeeded founding the nation chose the European nation model and at the same time developed a strategy where the Spanish colonial administrative mechanism is replaced by other internal colonization mechanisms that I call endo-colonization. This study examines the period between 1770 when the royal decree of May 10th prohibits the use of natives languages throughout the Spanish kingdom; going through the creation of the Colombian Academy of the Spanish Language in 1871 corresponding the Royal Spanish Academy, until the 1886 Constitution, which dominated the Colombian political landscape of the twentieth century. This study of this period involves the development of an analytical method based on the combination of archaeological, genealogical and discourse analysis method. It also involves a reflection about the relation power-knowledge and the production of subjectivities that interrogates our past from the present

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