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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Native grasses (S.E.Australia)"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 21 de febrero de 2023

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1

McIvor, JG, and CJ Gardener. "Germinable soil seed banks in native pastures in north-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 8 (1994): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9941113.

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Germinable soil seed banks were determined in 20 native pasture communities of widely varying composition (dominated by native tussock grasses, Bothriochloa pertusa, or forbs) near Collinsville (20�34'S, 147�51'E). Samples of surface soil (0-10 cm) were taken during the late dry season, seeds were germinated in a shadehouse, and seedlings were identified and counted. Over all pastures there were seeds of 100 species in the seed banks, including 29 grasses (14 perennial), 11 legumes, 8 sedges, and 52 forbs. Total seed numbers varied among pastures from 210 to 9770/m2. Forbs were the most numero

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2

Roulière, Camille. "Herbaceous Traces: A History of Agri/cultural Sinuosities." Performance Philosophy 6, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21476/pp.2021.62321.

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In this piece, I follow the geo-temporal meanderings of native grasses (in particular yam daisy-Microseris lanceolate and native millet-Panicum decompositum) through the Australian colonial record and beyond to reveal co-constitutive entanglements which bear witness to a plurality of agri/cultural narratives. In particular, I draw on the concept of trace as theorised by philosophers Jacques Derrida and Édouard Glissant to explore and produce aesthetic interventions which reveal, shape, coerce and/or support these grasses’ presence and agency—their voices. Scattered through geo-temporalities an

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3

Hendricksen, RE, MA Gilbert, and LD Punter. "Effect of superphosphate application on macro-nutrient and micro-nutrient concentrations in grazed stylo-native grass pasture in tropical Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 8 (1992): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9921725.

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Soils of northern Australia are generally old, strongly weathered, and of low fertility status. Some knowledge of the status of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur and its effects on pasture productivity is available from small plot trials, but few detailed studies of macro-nutrient and micro-nutrient levels in grazed pastures have been reported. Such a study from a site near Mareeba in north Queensland has recently been completed. The major components of the pasture were kangaroo grass ( Themeda triandra), giant speargrass (Heteropogon triticeus) and the legumes, Stylosanthes scabra cv. Seca and

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4

Winter, WH, JJ Mott, RW McLean, and D. Ratcliff. "Evaluation of management options for increasing the productivity of tropical savanna pastures. 1. Fertiliser." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 5 (1989): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890613.

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Options for increasing pasture and animal production from native perennial pastures comprising predominantly Themeda triandra, Chrysopogon fallax, Sehima nervosum and Sorghum plumosum were studied over 5 years at Katherine in the semi-arid tropics of north-western Australia. The pastures were augmented with either Stylosanthes humilis, S. hamata or a mixture of S. scabra and S. viscosa, either without fertiliser or with low inputs of superphosphate (100 kg/ha at establishment and 25 kg/ha annually), and with the trees either killed or left undisturbed. At each fertiliser level there were 3 sto

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5

Taylor, Ben, and George G. Ganf. "Comparative ecology of two co-occurring floodplain plants: the native Sporobolus mitchellii and the exotic Phyla canescens." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 4 (2005): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04196.

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In the northern Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), Australia, the displacement of native floodplain grasses by Phyla canescens (Lippia), an exotic herb, coincided with a reduced frequency of floodplain inundation owing to river regulation. Although river regulation and P. canescens occur in the southern MDB, P. canescens abundance has not increased significantly since 1988. This work reports on the current distribution of P. canescens and the native grass Sporobolus mitchellii on the lower River Murray. It demonstrates that there are significant differences in the edaphic characteristics of sites occ

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6

Winter, WH, JJ Mott, and RW McLean. "Evaluation of management options for increasing the productivity of tropical savanna pastures. 3. Trees." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 5 (1989): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890631.

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The effect of killing trees upon the production and quality of native perennial grasses, Themeda triandra, Chrysopogon fallax, Sehima nervosum, and Sorghum plumosum, and oversown legumes from the genus Stylosanthes, was studied over 4 years at Katherine, in the semi-arid tropics of northwestern Australia. The pastures were either unfertilised or received low inputs of superphosphate, and for each fertility level were grazed at 3 stocking rates. At no time were legume yields affected by killing the trees but, in the first 3 years, the amount of grass was approximately twice as much when the tre

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7

Winter, WH, JJ Mott, and RW McLean. "Evaluation of management options for increasing the productivity of tropical savanna pastures. 2. Legume species." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 5 (1989): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890623.

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The effect of legume species, used for augmentation of native perennial grasses, upon forage production and quality and animal production was studied over 4 vears in the semi-arid troPics of northwestern Australia. The legumes were Stylosanthes humilis cv. Paterson (Townsville stylo), S. hamata cv. Verano (Caribbean stylo) and a mixture of perennial species S. scabra cvv. Fitzroy and Seca and S. viscosa (perennial stylo). They were compared at 2 levels of fertility, unfertilised (UF) and with small inputs of superphosphate (F); and at stocking rates of 0.45,0.6 and 0.75 steers/ha for UF and 0.

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8

Fensham, Roderick J., Jason Halford, Chris Hansen, Boris Laffineur, and Billie Williams. "Threatened species in a threatened ecosystem: the conservation status of four Solanum species in the face of ongoing habitat loss." Oryx 53, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318001266.

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AbstractPlant biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation and invasion by exotic species, but the effects of these disturbances on individual plant species are rarely quantified. Since the 1950s, brigalow Acacia harpophylla forests in Australia have been extensively cleared and converted to pastures dominated by exotic grasses. Here we assess the habitat requirements, population numbers and threats for four poorly known bush tomato species, Solanum adenophorum, Solanum dissectum, Solanum elachophyllum and Solanum johnsonianum. Herbarium records and surveys demonstrated a strong a

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9

Prober, SM. "Conservation of the Grassy White Box Woodlands: Rangewide Floristic Variation and Implications for Reserve Design." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 1 (1996): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960057.

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Grassy white box (Eucalyptus albens Benth.) woodlands once covered several million hectares of the wheat-sheep belt of south-eastern Australia. The pre-European floristic composition of these woodlands is little-known, as almost all of them were rapidly cleared for cropping or modified by livestock grazing. Woodland remnants were surveyed across NSW, to describe rangewide variation in the woodland flora, and to provide a basis for reserve design. As far as could be detected from current remnants, some of the major features of the original grassy white box woodland understorey appear to have be

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10

Shrestha, Sangita, Stephen W. Adkins, Glenn C. Graham, and Donald S. Loch. "Phylogeny of the Sporobolus indicus complex, based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences." Australian Systematic Botany 16, no. 2 (2003): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb02009.

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The entire internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, including the 5.8S subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA), was sequenced by direct double-stranded sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified fragments. The study included 40 Sporobolus (Family Poaceae, subfamily Chloridoideae) seed collections from 14 putative species (all 11 species from the S. indicus complex and three Australian native species). These sequences, along with those from two out-group species [Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. and Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roemer & Schultes, Poaceae, s

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11

Uchida, J. Y., and L. L. Loope. "A Recurrent Epiphytotic of Guava Rust on Rose Apple, Syzygium jambos, in Hawaii." Plant Disease 93, no. 4 (April 2009): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-4-0429b.

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A Neotropical rust of the Myrtaceae, Puccinia psidii Winter, was described from Psidium guajava L., or guava, in Brazil in 1884 (1). It was first discovered in Hawaii on potted Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. on Oahu in April 2005 (2) with pathogenicity and identity established (3). It spread quickly, and by January 2006, severe outbreaks of this rust occurred statewide on new leaves of Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston, or rose apple. Rose apple, a native to South and Southeast Asia, was introduced to Hawaii in 1825 and is locally abundant to invasive from just above sea level to as high as 1,000 m i

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12

Shivas, R. G., and A. R. McTaggart. "Three new species ofTilletiaon native grasses from northern Australia." Australasian Plant Pathology 38, no. 2 (2009): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap08089.

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13

Whalley, R. D. B., D. A. Friend, P. Sanford, and M. L. Mitchell. "Evaluation of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures in temperate Australia: rationale and scope." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 1 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05004.

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The historical approach to pasture improvement in the high rainfall zone of temperate Australia has been to add introduced herbaceous legumes and to replace perennial native grasses with introduced species requiring high inputs of fertiliser for maintenance. The application of this high-input approach on land with low capability has lead to the loss of perennial grasses, erosion, soil acidification and increasing salinity on the lower slopes. This model of pasture improvement has not been successful on the margins of the wheat belt and in semi-arid regions. The Native and Low-input Grasses Net

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14

Mitchell, M. L., M. R. McCaskill, and R. D. Armstrong. "Phosphorus fertiliser management for pastures based on native grasses in south-eastern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 12 (2019): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19217.

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Approximately 3.1 Mha (22%) of the agricultural area of south-eastern Australia can be classified as native pasture. There is the assumption that, owing to the widespread occurrence of low-fertility soils in Australia, native grass species do not respond to increased phosphorus (P) fertility. Currently, there are no industry recommendations of target soil-test P values for native-grass-based pastures. This paper reviews the responses of perennial native pasture species endemic to south-eastern Australia to P application in controlled environments, surveys, replicated experiments and paired-pad

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15

Cavanagh, Annette M., Robert C. Godfree, and John W. Morgan. "An awn typology for Australian native grasses (Poaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 67, no. 4 (2019): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt18216.

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Australia has a large diversity of native grasses. The diaspores of many species possess awns that vary considerably in their number and shape. Some variations of awn shape have been found to be effective at diaspore dispersal. Although morphological descriptions of awns exist for most native grass species, the number of species that possess awns and the extent of awn variation is unknown. This makes it difficult to determine the evolutionary importance of awns and the potential function of the various morphologies. The aim of this study was to construct an awn typology based on morphological

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16

Garden, D. L., C. M. Waters, A. B. Smith, M. R. Norton, G. C. Auricht, and E. Kobelt. "Performance of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures. 2. Herbage production." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 1 (2005): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05003.

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A total of 62 perennial grasses were evaluated for herbage production under low-fertiliser conditions at eight sites in the temperate zone of southern Australia from 1999 to 2001. A brief assessment of relative preference ranking by sheep was also made at the end of the experimental period. Four sites were in the high rainfall areas of south-east Australia, two in the drier mixed farming areas of western NSW, and two sites in Mediterranean southern Australia. Seven standard cultivars were included in the comparisons. Plants were grown from seed in glasshouses and transplanted to the field as s

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17

Morgan, J. W. "Relationship between fire frequency and nitrogen limitation on foliage production in a native grassland community in Victoria, Australia." Rangeland Journal 29, no. 1 (2007): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj06046.

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The relationship between fire frequency (annual v. infrequent) and nitrogen (N) limitation to foliage production in a temperate native grassland community in western Victoria, Australia, was assessed over one growing season using a simple ammonium nitrate addition experiment. Fire history affected the magnitude of the vegetation responses to N addition. At the community level, mean live biomass in infrequently-burned grasslands declined by 20 ± 8% in response to N addition. In contrast, mean biomass increased by 60 ± 15% in annually-burned grasslands in response to N addition. Both grasses and

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18

Nie, Z. N., S. Miller, G. A. Moore, B. F. Hackney, S. P. Boschma, K. F. M. Reed, M. Mitchell, et al. "Field evaluation of perennial grasses and herbs in southern Australia. 2. Persistence, root characteristics and summer activity." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 4 (2008): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07136.

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Field experiments were carried out at seven sites in southern Australia from 2002 to 2006 to measure changes in plant frequency, root characteristics and summer activity for a range of grass and herb species or cultivars. Annual rainfall during the experimental period was on average 75 mm lower than the long-term average. Plant frequency differed significantly between species and between sites. Temperate grasses generally had higher frequencies than subtropical grasses, native grasses and herbs. Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata cvv. Currie, Porto), tall wheat grass (Thinopyrum ponticum cv. Dundas

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19

Lenz, Tanja I., and José M. Facelli. "Correlations between environmental factors, the biomass of exotic annual grasses and the frequency of native perennial grasses." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 7 (2006): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05083.

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The species composition of temperate grasslands in the mid-north of South Australia has been radically altered from a system dominated by native perennial grasses to a system dominated by Mediterranean annual grasses. This study investigated the importance of chemical and physical soil characteristics, topographical features and climatic variables on the abundance of native and exotic grass species in nine ungrazed grasslands. Overall, climatic and other abiotic factors were highly variable. In addition, past management practices and original species composition are generally unknown, leading

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20

Johnston, W. H., D. L. Garden, A. Rančić, T. B. Koen, K. B. Dassanayake, C. M. Langford, N. J. S. Ellis, et al. "The impact of pasture development and grazing on water-yielding catchments in the Murray - Darling Basin in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 8 (2003): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02236.

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Experiments conducted from November 1996 to June 2002 in adjacent small catchments near Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, compared the productivity and hydrology of a heavily fertilised (about 30 kg phosphorus/ha.year) Phalaris aquatica (phalaris) pasture with that of a lightly fertilised (about 14 kg phosphorus/ha every second year) native grassland that contained a mixture of C3 and C4 perennial grasses, dominantly C4 Bothriochloa macra (redgrass).In summer, the native catchment was dominated by C4 perennial grasses while the phalaris catchment was dominated by annual C4 weedy species. During th

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21

Bolger, T. P., A. R. Rivelli, and D. L. Garden. "Drought resistance of native and introduced perennial grasses of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 11 (2005): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05075.

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Perennial grasses are the key to the economic and environmental sustainability of pastures for livestock grazing in south-eastern Australia. Mortality of perennial grasses can occur during drought periods and there is anecdotal evidence of differences in drought resistance among species, but information on the basic ecophysiological responses of these species to drought is lacking. An experiment was conducted to determine the responses of 7 native and 3 introduced perennial grass species to continuous drought. Leaf survival during severe drought varied among the species nearly 4-fold, from 11

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22

Fensham, RJ. "Native Grasslands of the Central Highlands, Queensland, Australia. Floristics, Regional Context and Conservation." Rangeland Journal 21, no. 1 (1999): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9990082.

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A floristic classification of grassland and related woodland vegetation from the Central Highlands of Queensland suggests four broad types: Mountain coolibah (Eucalyptus orgadophila) woodland on basalt, Mitchell grassland (dominated by Astrebla lappacea) on alluvia and two closely related groups dominated by Dichanthium sericeum, Blue grassland on basalt and Blue grassland on sediment. An analysis including floristic data from grassland and woodland on vertosols from throughout southern, central and western Queensland revealed that the Blue grasslands of the Central Highlands are highly dissim

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23

Huxtable, C. H. A., T. B. Koen, and D. Waterhouse. "Establishment of native and exotic grasses on mine overburden and topsoil in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 2 (2005): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05006.

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Native grasses have an important role to play in mine rehabilitation throughout Australia, but there have been few scientifically designed studies of field establishment of native grasses from sown seed in this country. Current recommendations for rehabilitation of open-cut coal mines in the Hunter Valley involve the sowing of exotic pasture species to reinstate mined land to Class IV and V under the Rural Land Capability System. Despite the importance of native grasses in the pre-mined landscape, they are currently not widely included in mine rehabilitation. To address this issue a project wa

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24

Brown, Sharon L., Nick Reid, Jackie Reid, Rhiannon Smith, R. D. B. (Wal) Whalley, and David Carr. "Topsoil removal and carbon addition for weed control and native grass recruitment in a temperate-derived grassland in northern New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 39, no. 4 (2017): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj17029.

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Restoring the grassy understorey to temperate woodlands in south-eastern Australia is often disregarded due to a poor understanding of the techniques involved. The natural recruitment of native grasses is uncommon in the remnants of some of these woodlands, so the restoration of the grass layer is often dependent on interventions to overcome restoration barriers. Soil enrichment from agricultural fertilisers favours the invasion of exotic broadleaf weeds and grasses, and is one of the primary barriers to the successful recruitment and establishment of native grasses, which dominated before agr

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25

Hacker, Ronald B., Ian D. Toole, Gavin J. Melville, Yohannes Alemseged, and Warren J. Smith. "Managing competitive interactions to promote regeneration of native perennial grasses in semi-arid south-eastern Australia." Rangeland Journal 39, no. 1 (2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16048.

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Treatments to reduce available soil nitrogen and achieve specified levels of weed control were evaluated for their capacity to promote regeneration of native perennial grasses in a degraded semi-arid woodland in central-western New South Wales. Treatments were factorial combinations of nitrogen-reduction levels and weed-control levels. The four levels of nitrogen reduction were no intervention, and oversowing of an unfertilised summer crop, an unfertilised winter crop or an unfertilised perennial grass. The three weed-control levels were defined by the outcome sought rather than the chemical a

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Sanford, P., R. D. B. Whalley, D. L. Garden, M. R. Norton, C. M. Waters, A. B. Smith, M. L. Mitchell, et al. "Identification of superior native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures in temperate Australia." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 1 (2005): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05005.

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This paper is the fifth in a series describing trials evaluating native and introduced grasses at eight locations across temperate Australia. In these trials, 62 perennial grass lines were assessed for herbage production, survival and recruitment under low fertiliser conditions using spaced plants produced in glass houses and transplanted into the field. Sites were grouped into three different climatic zones: Eastern Australian permanent pasture, Eastern Australian mixed farming and Mediterranean zone. For each of these zones, superior lines were identified and their potential use in permanent

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27

Archer, KA, and GG Robinson. "Agronomic potential of native grass species on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. II. Nutritive value." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 3 (1988): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880425.

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The quality of three year-long green and three summer-growing, frost-susceptible perennial native grasses was compared with that of two introduced temperate perennial grasses and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Haifa). Digestibility of white clover generally exceeded that of all grasses, except for the green leaves of the two introduced species, Festuca arundinacea Screb. cv. Demeter and Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa, during winter. The digestibility of the green leaves of most winter-green species increased during winter and decreased in summer, the extent of this being greater for th

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28

Grice, AC, and S. Mcintyre. "Speargrass (Heteropogon Contortus) in Australia : Dynamics of Species and Community." Rangeland Journal 17, no. 1 (1995): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9950003.

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The perennial tallgrass Heteropogon contortus is widespread and both ecologically and economically important. It often dominates the understorey of Eucalyptus woodlands in tropical and subtropical Australia. We present an historical overview of management and research in these important grasslands and review currently available information, particularly in relation to change at the community level. The use of H, contortus communities for extensive pastoralism led to its increase at the expense of other grasses. Ecological studies sought to explain how it came to dominate large areas but much r

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Truong Thi Hieu, Thao, Hoang Ho Dac Thai, Hung Le Thai, and Lien Nguyen Thi Hong. "Vegetable structure in the Bay Sand Dune of Mui Ne, Phan Thiet city, Binh Thuan province." Journal of Science Natural Science 66, no. 4F (November 2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2021-0067.

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There were three vegetation types in blowing sand dunes of Mui Ne, Phan Thiet city, Binh Thuan province; native sand binding grasses type, mix species of native grasses and low shrub type and evergreen trees biome in coastal sand dune type. Group of dominant typical species were identified in each vegetation type in which three significant canopy layers were confirmed with evergreen trees biome in coastal sand dune type. The similarity among different vegetation types was evaluated, Sorenson’s index (S) showed that similarity of species in the vegetation types native sand binding grasses and m

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Clay, Roger Edgcumbe. "Potential Effects of the Loss of Native Grasses on Grassland Invertebrate Diversity in Southeastern Australia." International Journal of Ecology 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/202056.

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Reduction in area of the southeastern temperate grasslands of Australia since European settlement has been accompanied by degradation of remaining remnants by various factors, including the replacement of native plant species by introduced ones. There are suggestions that these replacements have had deleterious effects on the invertebrate grassland community, but there is little evidence to support these suggestions. In the eastern Adelaide Hills of South Australia, four grassland invertebrate sampling areas, in close proximity, were chosen to be as similar as possible except for the visible a

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Ramírez, R. G., H. González-Rodríguez, R. Morales-Rodríguez, A. Cerrillo-Soto, A. Juárez-Reyes, G. J. García-Dessommes, and M. Guerrero-Cervantes. "Chemical composition and dry matter digestion of some native and cultivated grasses in Mexico." Czech Journal of Animal Science 54, No. 4 (April 17, 2009): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1741-cjas.

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The objective of the study was to quantify differences in nutritive value, over four seasons, of native grasses such as <i>Bouteloua curtipendula, Bouteloua trifida, Brachiaria fasciculata, Chloris ciliata, Digitaria insularis, Leptochloa filiformis, Panicum hallii, Panicum obtusum, Paspalum unispicatum, Setaria grisebachii, Setaria macrostachya, Tridens eragrostoides, Tridens muticu</i>s and naturalized <i>chrus ciliaris</i> and <i>Rhynchelytrum repens</i> that are used as forages for grazing beef cattle. <i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i> was included as

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Hacker, R. B., I. D. Toole, and G. J. Melville. "Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on vegetation dynamics of a degraded native grassland in semi-arid south-eastern Australia." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 1 (2011): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj10030.

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The roles of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in controlling vegetation transitions in a degraded semi-arid grassland were investigated in a factorial experiment that combined two initial levels of perennial plant density (low and high), three levels of N (N+, N0 and N–) and two levels of P (P+ and P0). Increased levels of both N and P were achieved by fertiliser addition while sucrose was used to reduce the level of N. Vegetation dynamics were driven primarily by soil N rather than P. Addition of sucrose, which was inferred to result in the immobilisation of mineral N, reduced the growth of an

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Thorn, Vanessa C. "Phytolith evidence for C4-dominated grassland since the early Holocene at Long Pocket, northeast Queensland, Australia." Quaternary Research 61, no. 2 (March 2004): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2003.12.002.

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Preliminary phytolith analysis of ephemeral lake fill sediment at Long Pocket, near Toomba, northeast Queensland, Australia, indicates that a C4-dominated grassland with a minor woody component has been present in the region since ca. 8000 cal yr B.P. Based on the modern distribution of C4 and C3 native grasses in Australia, this suggests that mean summer temperatures of at least 14°C (ca. 10°C cooler than present) were maintained since the early Holocene. This interpretation is comparable with previous studies, which together imply that the establishment of C4-dominated grasses in central and

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Kocsis, Erika N., Ronald F. Hooks, and James N. McCrimmon. "Comparison of Nine Native Grasses Grown on Sludge Applied Soil." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 862C—862. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.862c.

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The use of grasses native to New Mexico are preferred for revegetating Albuquerque's sewage sludge disposal site. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the most appropriate grass species that could be used in revegetation. Nine grasses grown in soil collected at Albuquerque's sludge disposal site were compared based on germination measurements, including plant height and density. Final shoot and root weights also were taken for comparison. Plant tissue was analyzed for the accumulation of metals and salts. With 200 ml of water applied weekly, plant height was greatest in spike dropseed

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Johnston, W. H., C. A. Clifton, I. A. Cole, T. B. Koen, M. L. Mitchell, and D. B. Waterhouse. "Low input grasses useful in limiting environments (LIGULE)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 1 (1999): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97159.

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This paper presents a case for the selection and development of a wider range of perennial grasses for pastoral use in the higher rainfall (annual rainfall >500 mm) zone of southern Australia, especially the southern sector of the Murray–Darling Basin. There is also a need to reconsider the use of ‘high-input’ pastures on hill lands by developing more appropriate recommendations for managing existing native grass pastures productively. Past experiments which compared native grass based pastures with sown pastures promoted the view that indigenous grasses were inferior in most respects to ex

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Reed, K. F. M., Z. N. Nie, S. Miller, B. F. Hackney, S. P. Boschma, M. L. Mitchell, T. O. Albertsen, et al. "Field evaluation of perennial grasses and herbs in southern Australia. 1. Establishment and herbage production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 4 (2008): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07135.

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To review pasture species for regions with 465–680 mm average annual rainfall, 22 perennial grasses and herbs were evaluated for pasture establishment and productivity in four states at seven locations where the arrest of groundwater recharge is considered necessary to ameliorate dryland salinity. Species represented introduced and native, temperate and subtropical grasses, chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.). This report describes establishment and yield; the following paper describes persistence and root characteristics. Yields were measured over 2–3 years ex

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Lodge, G. M. "The role and future use of perennial native grasses for temperate pastures in Australia." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 37, no. 3 (September 1994): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1994.9513079.

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Instone, Lesley. "Unruly grasses: Affective attunements in the ecological restoration of urban native grasslands in Australia." Emotion, Space and Society 10 (February 2014): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emospa.2013.12.013.

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Mitchell, M. L., H. C. Norman, and R. D. B. Whalley. "Use of functional traits to identify Australian forage grasses, legumes and shrubs for domestication and use in pastoral areas under a changing climate." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 1 (2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13406.

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Considerable uncertainty exists about future climatic predictions but there is little doubt among experts that the future will be warmer. Climate change and the associated elevation in atmospheric CO2 level and temperatures will provide novel challenges and potential opportunities for cultivated plant species. Plant breeding and domestication can contribute to improvements in both yield and quality of native grasses, legumes and forage shrubs. This review explores the use of functional traits to identify native Australian grasses, legumes and forage shrubs suitable for domestication, to meet t

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Clark, Cameron E. F., Meredith L. Mitchell, Mohammed R. Islam, and Brent Jacobs. "Phosphorus content of the soil influences the growth and productivity of Themeda triandra Forssk. and Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R.Br." Rangeland Journal 36, no. 3 (2014): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj13108.

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Despite native grasses occupying a large area of land in Australia, there has been limited work on the responses of these species to the addition of phosphorus (P). The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of P to create a range of P contents in the soil on the productivity and morphology of two native grasses at two times of harvests. Two contrasting perennial native grasses, namely kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra Forssk. syn. T. australis R. Br. Stapf) and weeping grass [Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides (Labill.) R. Br.] were grown in a glasshouse wi

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Waters, C. M., D. L. Garden, A. B. Smith, D. A. Friend, P. Sanford, and G. C. Auricht. "Performance of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures. 1. Survival and recruitment." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 1 (2005): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05001.

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Differential survival and recruitment patterns are commonly ignored within plant selection and breeding programs, where attention is focused largely on selection of cultivars with high biomass and seed yields. However, in low-input situations, where fertiliser application is limited, the use of pasture species with superior survival and recruitment characteristics can offer the potential of cost-effective pasture establishment. We investigated the comparative survival and seedling recruitment of 62 native and introduced perennial grasses under low-fertility conditions within three agro-ecologi

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42

Mavromihalis, J. A., J. Dorrough, S. G. Clark, V. Turner, and C. Moxham. "Manipulating livestock grazing to enhance native plant diversity and cover in native grasslands." Rangeland Journal 35, no. 1 (2013): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj12074.

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Temperate perennial grasslands globally have been subject to extensive biodiversity loss. Identifying livestock grazing regimes that maintain and enhance the diversity and cover of native plant species in these ecosystems remains a key challenge. The responses of vegetation to different sheep grazing regimes were assessed over 3 years in grasslands of south-eastern Australia. An open communal experimental design was used to assess the effects of varying season and duration of exclusion of grazing by sheep, replicated at three locations. Manipulation of season and duration of exclusion of grazi

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Robinson, GG, and KA Archer. "Agronomic potential of native grass species on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. I. Growth and herbage production." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 3 (1988): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880415.

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The herbage mass and relative growth rate of six perennial native grasses were compared with two introduced temperate perennial grasses (Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa, Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Demeter and the temperate legume, white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Haifa). Of the native grasses three were year-long green species (Danthonia linkii Kunth, Microlaena stipoides (Labill) R.Br., Poa seiberana Spreng), and three were summer-growing frost susceptible species (Themeda australia (R.Br.) Stapf, Sporobolus elongatus R. Br., Bothriochloa macra (Steud) S.T. Blake). The summer perenn

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44

Norton, M. R., M. L. Mitchell, E. Kobelt, and E. Hall. "Evaluation of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures in temperate Australia: experimental approach, site and genotype descriptions." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 1 (2005): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05002.

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This paper describes the experimental methodology, sites, seasonal conditions and germplasm used in the Australian Native and Low Input Grass Network (NLIGN). In 1998, eight sites were established across the temperate pastoral zone of southern Australia. These were located at Armidale, Binya, Sutton and Trangie in NSW; Springhurst in Victoria; Jericho in Tasmania; Flaxley in South Australie and Kendenup in Western Australia. A total of 62 lines were evaluated, of which, 29 were Australian native grasses and 33 were introduced. With differences in seed size among species and a lack of informati

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Oram, Rex, and Greg Lodge. "Trends in temperate Australian grass breeding and selection." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 3 (2003): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02137.

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Current trends in grass cultivar development are reviewed, with respect to the range of species involved, and the objectives and methodology within each species. Extrapolations and predictions are made about future directions and methodologies. It is assumed that selection will necessarily cater for the following environmental changes: (1) higher year-round temperatures, higher variability of rainfall incidence, and lower total winter and spring rainfall along the south of the continent; (2) higher nutrient and lime inputs as land utilisation intensifies; and (3) the grazing management require

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Garden, D. L., N. J. S. Ellis, M. A. Rab, C. M. Langford, W. H. Johnston, C. Shields, T. Murphy, M. Holmberg, K. B. Dassanayake, and S. Harden. "Fertiliser and grazing effects on production and botanical composition ofnative grasslands in south-east Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 8 (2003): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02216.

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The effects of application of superphosphate and grazing on production and botanical composition of native grasslands were investigated at 3 locations in the high rainfall zone of south-east Australia. These studies were conducted as part of the Sustainable Grazing Systems Key Program, which investigated various aspects of grassland productivity and sustainability between 1996 and 2001. Grasslands in this study either had high contents of Themeda australis or Austrodanthonia spp., or were based on a degraded Austrodanthonia spp. grassland with a high content of annual and weedy species. All si

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47

Barnes, Phoebe, Brian R. Wilson, Chris Nadolny, and Ivor Growns. "The influence of individual native trees and grazing regime on soil properties and groundcover patterns in a temperate landscape of New South Wales, Australia." Rangeland Journal 31, no. 4 (2009): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09017.

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Scattered native trees are a significant ecological resource across the agricultural landscape, yet their numbers are declining due to factors such as dieback, senescence and agricultural activity. This study examined the interactions among Eucalyptus melliodora (Cunn. ex Schauer) trees, vegetation composition and selected surface soil chemical properties in grazed and ungrazed paddocks on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. Four farms on granite soils were examined in grazed and ungrazed treatments. Vegetation composition was assessed, and soil samples were collected in plo

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48

Islam, M., D. W. Turner, and M. A. Adams. "Phosphorus availability and the growth, mineral composition and nutritive value of ephemeral forbs and associated perennials from the Pilbara, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 2 (1999): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98133.

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The effect of phosphorus fertiliser on plant growth and the quality of leaf tissues for herbivores were investigated in field and glasshouse experiments. In the field, the relative abundance of ephemeral forb species was strongly affected by the seasonal variation in rainfall. In winter, C3 ephemeral forbs were abundant, whilst in summer, C4 ephemeral grasses dominated. During the dry months, growth of all species was poor. After rain, grasses to which phosphorus had been added increased growth significantly. Nutrient concentrations in ephemeral forbs were significantly greater than those in p

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Read, Tamara R., and Sean M. Bellairs. "Smoke affects the Germination of Native Grasses of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Botany 47, no. 4 (1999): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97124.

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The germination responses to plant-derived smoke of seeds of 20 native grass species from New South Wales, Australia, were tested under laboratory conditions. The species belonged to 14 genera including Bothriochloa, Chloris, Cymbopogon, Danthonia, Dichanthium, Digitaria, Eragrostis, Eriochloa, Microlaena, Panicum, Paspalidium, Poa, Stipa and Themeda. The interaction between smoke and husk-imposed dormancy was examined by removing the floral structures surrounding the seeds, when sufficient seeds were available. Smoke was shown to be an important environmental stimulus for breaking the dormanc

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50

Bean, Judith M., Gavin J. Melville, Ronald B. Hacker, Sharon Anderson, Alicia Whittington, and Stephen P. Clipperton. "Effects of fenced seed production areas and restoration treatments on the size and composition of the native grass seedbanks in moderately degraded rangelands in semiarid Australia." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 1 (2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15065.

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Seed production areas containing populations of native grasses were fenced on topographically high areas at two study sites in the semiarid rangelands of north-west New South Wales, Australia. The surrounding slopes were initially almost bare of pastorally preferred grasses. Three restoration treatments (control, mechanical pitting, and contour-aligned branch piles) were established on these surrounding slopes and the size and composition of the native grass seedbanks determined. A positive influence of the seed production areas mostly occurred within 15 m of the fence and was probably insigni

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