Literatura académica sobre el tema "National Service Center for Environmental Publications (U.S.)"

The critical roles of the Higher Education Institutions (HEI) towards the achievement of sustainable development signifies the need to implement Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Opportunities in applying ESD can be accomplished in different dimensions of the school to pursue the worldwide acceptance of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This formed a question for San Beda University (SBU) to describe its practices and programs towards the achievement of ESD. In this study, the community extension and citizenship education of San Beda University were specifically examined in its Community Engagement Center (CEC) and National Service Training Program (NSTP). The study employed a framework on the Priority Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of SBU and selected key features and strategies of ESD. After a critical assessment of the procedures, teaching methods, documents, and interviews, the results of the study identified the practices and programs including specific teaching activities. The results illustrate the level by which SBU utilizes SDGs towards sustainability. The conclusion provided recommendations to encourage increasing the commitment of SBU in integrating SDGs in instruction, research, and extension. The study is significant in providing a preliminary assessment of the level of SBU engagement towards SDGs. It demonstrated the actions of how a university implements sustainable development. The study intends to contribute to the continuous implementation of ESD and improve the SDG performance of SBU as institutional change agent.ReferencesAlbareda-Tiana, S., Vidal-Raméntol, S., and Fernández-Morilla, M. (2018). Implementing the sustainable development goals at university level. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. 19(3), 473-497. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-05-2017-0069Balanay, R.M. & Halog, A. (2016). Teaching education for sustainable development at university level: A case study from the Philippines. Teaching Education for Sustainable Development at University Level. World Sustainability Series. 1, 163-174, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32928-4_11Community Engagement Center (CEC) – SBU. (2016). Institute of Community Involvement Center Manual of Operations. Unpublished manuscript. San Beda University, Manila.Dela Serna, A. (2018). Teaching sustainable development in the Philippines: Looking through the lens of education for sustainable development (esd). ASEAN Conference on Education. p. 841 – 851. http://www.pbic.tu.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/2018-Aceproceedings.pdfKates, R., Parris, T., and Leiserowitz, A. (2005). What Is Sustainable Development? Goals, Indicators, Values, and Practice. http://www.heldref.org/env.phpKopnina, H. (2017). Teaching sustainable development goals in The Netherlands: A critical approach. Environmental Education Research. 24(9), 1268–1283. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13504622.2017.1303819?needAccess=trueLabuguen, F., Ramos, A., Placer, R., Vidal CJ., Moralde, R.P., & Rendorio, E. (2012). Understanding the national service training program: A modular worktext for nstp1. Mutya Publishing House, Inc.Labuguen, F., Ramos, A., Placer, R., Vidal CJ., Moralde, R.P., & Rendorio, E. (2019). NSTP2: Understanding the national service training program. Mutya Publishing House, Inc.Leal Filho, W., Shiel, C., Paço A., Mifsud, M., Veiga Ávila, L., Londero Brandli L., Molthan-Hill, P., Pace, P., Azeiteiro, U., Ruiz Vargas, V., & Caeiro, S. (2019). Sustainable development goals and sustainability teaching at universities: Falling behind or getting ahead of the pack? Journal of Cleaner Production. 232, 285-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.309.National Economic and Development Authority. (2019). The 2019 voluntary national review of the Philippines. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/23366Voluntary_National_Review_2019_Philippines.pdfSan Beda University. (2014). College of Arts and Sciences Course catalogue 2014 – 2015. Unpublished manuscript.San Beda University. (2019). College of Arts and Science Course syllabus 2019 – 2020: National service training program-civic welfare training services I. Unpublished manuscript.Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). (2015). Indicators and a monitoring framework for the sustainable development goals. Launching a data revolution. https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/be6d1d56/files/uploaded/150612-FINAL-SDSN-Indicator-Report-Executive-Summary.pdfSustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). (2017). Getting started with SDGs in universities: A guide for universities, higher education institutions, and the Academic Sector. (Australia, New Zealand and Pacific Edition). Sustainable Development Solutions Network, http://ap-unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/University-SDG-Guide_web.pdf.United Nations (UN). (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=EUnited Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2005). United nations decade of education for sustainable development (2005-2014): International implementation scheme DRAFT. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000139023 United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2017). Education for sustainable development goals: Learning objectives. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000247444.locale=en

The challenge for rural communities to provide quality education for early childhood in Indonesia is difficult. National politics, policies, and economic and cultural conditions affect the Early Childhood Education system, and Indonesia is a large multicultural country, so, even the quality of education is difficult. This study aims to look at the quality of children's education in Pandalungan. Using qualitative methods with ethnographic design, data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that educational institutions for children in urban areas can be categorized quite high. However, for early childhood education services in Desa Sukorambi Pandalungan, the quality is quite poor. Research suggestions are the need for follow-up related to social, economic, cultural and environmental factors at the level of Pandalungan community awareness of early childhood education. Keywords: Early Childhood, Learning Quality, Pandalungan Community References: Bernal, R., & Ramírez, S. M. (2019). Improving the quality of early childhood care at scale: The effects of “From Zero to Forever.” World Development, 118, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.02.012 Bers, M. U., González-González, C., & Armas-Torres, M. B. (2019). Coding as a playground: Promoting positive learning experiences in childhood classrooms. Computers and Education, 138, 130–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.013 Biersteker, L., Dawes, A., Hendricks, L., & Tredoux, C. (2016). Center-based early childhood care and education program quality: A South African study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.004 Burchinal, M. (2018). Measuring Early Care and Education Quality. Child Development Perspectives, 12(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12260 Church, A., & Bateman, A. (2019). Methodology and professional development: Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM) for early childhood education. Journal of Pragmatics, 143(xxxx), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.01.022 Ciolan, L. E. (2013). Play to Learn, Learn to Play. Creating Better Opportunities for Learning in Early Childhood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 186–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.096 Correia, N., Camilo, C., Aguiar, C., & Amaro, F. (2019). Children’s right to participate in early childhood education settings: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 100, 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.031 Cycyk, L. M., & Hammer, C. S. (2018). Beliefs, values, and practices of Mexican immigrant families towards language and learning in toddlerhood: Setting the foundation for early childhood education. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.09.009 Dick, C. & C. (2009). The Sistematic Design Of Instruction. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River. Grindal, T., Bowne, J. B., Yoshikawa, H., Schindler, H. S., Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K., & Shonkoff, J. P. (2016). The added impact of parenting education in early childhood education programs: A meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.018 Herbers, J. E., Cutuli, J. J., Jacobs, E. L., Tabachnick, A. R., & Kichline, T. (2019). Early childhood risk and later adaptation: A person-centered approach using latent profiles. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 62(January), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.01.003 Hunkin, E. (2018). Whose quality? The (mis)uses of quality reform in early childhood and education policy. Journal of Education Policy, 33(4), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2017.1352032 Johson, J. E, & Roopnarine, J. L. (2011). Pendidikan anak usia dini dalam berbagai pendekatan. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group. Lucas, F. M. M. (2017). The Game as an Early Childhood Learning Resource for Intercultural Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237(June 2016), 908–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.127 Atwi Suparman. (2012). Desain Intruksional Modern. Jakarta: Erlangga. Mapiare, A. (2013). Tipe-tipe Metode Riset Kualitatif Untuk Eksplanasi Sosial Budaya Dan Bimbingan Konseling. Malang: Elang Emas & Prodi Bimbingan Dan Konseling Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang. Milner, K. M., Bhopal, S., Black, M., Dua, T., Gladstone, M., Hamadani, J., … Lawn, J. E. (2019). Counting outcomes, coverage and quality for early child development programmes. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 104, S3–S12. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315430 Morrison, G. S. (2012). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Indeks. Nutbrown, C. (2011). Key Concepts in Early Childhood Education and Care (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publication Ltd. Perpres. Pelaksanaan Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. , 6 Peraturan Presiden RI § (2017). Puspita, W. A. (2013). Multikulturalisme dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Ilmiah VISI P2TK PAUDNI, 8(2), 144–152. Raikes, A., Sayre, R., Davis, D., Anderson, K., Hyson, M., Seminario, E., & Burton, A. (2019). The Measuring Early Learning Quality & Outcomes initiative: purpose, process and results. Early Years, 39(4), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2019.1669142 Satrio Roefandi, P. (2019). Keluarga Pendalungan, Keluarga Berbasis Budaya Madura Atau Jawa? 10 Th Psychofest Conference, (March), 316–324. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/v8g5b Stokoe, E. (2014). The Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM): a method for training communication skills as an alternative to simulated role-play. Res. Lang. Soc. Interact, 47(3), 255–265. Sutarto, A. (2006). Sekilas Tentang Masyarakat Pandalungan. Jelajah Budaya 2006, 1–7. Suyadi. (2010). Psikologi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Insan Madani. Tapscott, D. (2011). Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation Is Changing Your World. Bucharest: Publica. Wijana, W. D. (2014). Konsep-Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. In UT. https://doi.org/10.1101/112268 Yoshikawa, H., Wuermli, A. J., Raikes, A., Kim, S., & Kabay, S. B. (2018). Toward High-Quality Early Childhood Development Programs and Policies at National Scale: Directions for Research in Global Contexts. Social Policy Report,31(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2379-3988.2018.tb00091.x

Environmental education exists as a solution to improving the intelligence of early childhood naturalists, but its implementation is often forgotten or only as a hidden curriculum. The purpose of this study is to provide information related to the implementation of environmental education for early childhood to improve the intelligence of early childhood naturalists. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method presented in the form of an in-depth literature review. Literature study efforts are carried out by reading, observing, recognizing, and describing to analyze reading material in the form of related literature as a reference source. The result of this study is that the use of instructional strategies for gardening activities and creative game-based environmental learning can be considered to improve the intelligence of early childhood naturalists. In addition, it was also found that the material often used by educators to improve naturalist intelligence is the introduction of animals and plants. The trend of measuring the intelligence of early childhood naturalists uses many observation sheets, but it is also recommended to use research instruments that have been standardized or published in reputable scientific articles to obtain valid and reliable data. Keywords: environmental education, early childhood, naturalist intelligence References: Adawiyah, A. S. R., &; Dewinggih, T. (2021). Environmental Education in Early Childhood through the provision of trash cans and simulation methods. Proceedings UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, 1(November), 12–23. https://proceedings.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/Proceedings Adawiyah, R., Rohyana, F., &; Ashari, M. A. (2019). Development of Naturalist Intelligence through Science-based Project Methods at TK Titipan ilahii rencoong Kelayu Jorong. CARE Journal, 7(1), 1–6. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/229499766.pdf Agustiana, M. (2021). Efforts to Improve Early Childhood Naturalistic Intelligence of 5-6 Years through Farming Activities at Tk PGRI Bandar Lampung [Raden Intan State Islamic University Lampung]. http://repository.radenintan.ac.id/15122/ Amini, R., &; Munandar, A. (2014). The influence of the outdoor-based environmental education learning model on mastery of the concept of environmental education for prospective elementary school teachers. Journal of Educational Research, 11(1), 14–21. http://www.jurnal.upi.edu/file/3_risda.pdf Anggraini, D. (2017). Improve the naturalist intelligence of children aged 5-6 years through plant exploration. Yaa Bunayya: Journal of Early Childhood Education, 1(2), 137–146. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24853/yby.1.2.137-146 Aprilianti, R., &; Septiani, S. (2021). Improve the naturalist intelligence of children aged 5-6 years through a scientific approach. Golden Age Journal, Hamzanwadi University, 5(02), 393–407. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29408/jga.v5i02.3962 Ardoin, N. M., &; Bowers, A. W. (2020). Early childhood environmental education: A systematic review of the research literature. Educational Research Review, 31(November 2019), 100353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100353 Asih, S., &; Susanto, A. (2017). Increasing naturalist intelligence in children aged 5-6 years through learning models in natural material centers. Yaa Bunayya : Journal of Early Childhood Education, 1(1), 33–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24853/yby.1.1.33-38 Chandrawati, T. (2021). ECCE teachers' understanding of environmental literacy is related to environmental education. Proceedings of Covid 19 Era Integrative Holistic Early Childhood Development, September, 125–130. https://ejurnal.pps.ung.ac.id/index.php/paudhi/article/view/897 Cinantya, C., &; Maimunah. (2022). Science Learning Based on Creative Play Activities in Wetland Environments to Develop Early Childhood Naturalistic Intelligence. Journal of Early Childhood Education Undiksha, 10(3), 449–456. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/paud.v10i3.52560 Creswell W., J. (2013). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Approaches. Learning Library. Destarani, A., &; Sari, R. N. (2021). Naturalist Intelligence in PAUD SPS An-Nabat Class A. Journal of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education, 01(01), 1–6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54892/jpgmi.v1i1.127 Devi Artanti, G., Fidesrinur, F., &; Garzia, M. (2022). Stunting and Factors Affecting Toddlers in Indonesia. JPUD - Journal of Early Childhood Education, 16(1), 172–185. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.161.12 Djoehaeni, H. (2014). Learning Model of Environmental Education in Early Childhood Education. Edutech, 13(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.17509/edutech.v13i1.3216 Dwikayani, Y. (2015). IMPROVE CHILDREN'S NATURALIST INTELLIGENCE THROUGH GARDENING ACTIVITIES. Growth and Development : A Study of ECCE Theory and Learning, 5(01). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36706/jtk.v5i1.8202 Ekayanti, Y. (2014). Developing naturalist intelligence about the preschool environment of children aged 5-6 years Tk Lkia III Pontianak. Journal of Equatorial Education and Learning, 3(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jppk.v3i3.5003 Fajrin, L. P. (2020). Environmental Education in Raudhatul Athfal. Journal of Tunas Siliwangi, 6(2), 71–77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22460/ts.v6i2p71-77.2080 Fajrin, L. P., &; Alwiyah, N. (2023). Implementation of Naturalist Intelligence Development in Early Childhood Aisyiyah Kindergarten Kartasura Branch. Journal of Shoots, 9(1), 8–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22460/ts.v9i1.3387 Fang, W.-T., Hassan, A., &; LePage, B. A. (2022). The Living Environmental Education. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4234-1 Fatria, E. (2023). Differences in student knowledge about the health of public places and tourism using project based learning strategies and strategies. Human Care Journal, 8(3), 481–495. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.32883/hcj.v8i3.2634 Fatria, E., Priadi, A., Artanti, G. D., &; Alhamda, S. (2024). Utilizing the Geoeco-Book Learning Package to Improve Eco-Literacy of Z Generation Students in Elementary Schools. GeoEco, 10(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20961/ge.v10i1.82151 Fatria, E., Putrawan, I. M., &; Artanti, G. D. (2019). Environment and commitment, locus of control and intention to act. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 10(9), 1781–1785. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.02711.6 Fatria, E., Rahmat Suwandi SN, F., &; Fadhani, M. (2023). Socialization of education in nursing to improve interpersonal intelligence for students. Empowering Society Journal, 4(2), 125–139. https://ojs.fdk.ac.id/index.php/ESJ/article/view/2597/pdf Firdausyi, A. N., Noormawanti, N., &; Marlisa, L. (2022). Implementation of naturalist intelligence in children in the learning theme "I Love Indonesia." SNPPM-4 (National Seminar on Research and Community Service) in 2022 Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro, 4, 69–75. https://prosiding.ummetro.ac.id/index.php/snppm/article/view/62%0Ahttps://prosiding.ummetro.ac.id/index.php/snppm/article/download/62/61 Fuaida, R., Sari, I. K., &; Fitriani, F. (2023). Increase naturalist intelligence through science games in group B children of Al-Ikhlas Lamlhom kindergartenIncreasing naturalist intelligence through science games in group B children of Al-Ikhlas Lamlhom Kindergarten. Student Scientific Journal, 4(1), 1–14. https://jim.bbg.ac.id/pendidikan/article/view/935 Gumitri, A., &; Suryana, D. (2022). Stimulation of Naturalist Intelligence of Children Aged 5-6 Years through Life Science Activities. Journal of Obsession : Journal of Early Childhood Education, 6(4), 3391–3398. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i4.2334 Hadjichambis, A. C., &; Paraskeva-Hadjichambi, D. (2020). Education for Environmental Citizenship: The Pedagogical Approach. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20249-1_15 Hasanah, N., Harmawati, D., Riyana, M., &; Usman, A. N. (2019). Improve naturalist intelligence of early childhood through gardening activities in group children a Merauke State Pembina Kindergarten. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 343(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/343/1/012186 Hendriani, I., Adjie, N., &; Putri, S. U. (2023). Application of learning with an environmental approach to improve the intelligence of early childhood naturalists. Proceedings of PGPAUD UPI National Seminar Purwakarta Campus,2(1), 112–117. http://proceedings.upi.edu/index.php/semnaspgpaudpwk/article/view/2549%0Ahttp://proceedings.upi.edu/index.php/semnaspgpaudpwk/article/download/2549/2337 Hidayah, V. N., &; Baedowi, F. S. (2020). The role of PLH (Environmental Education) SMAN 3 Klaten New Normal Era: Planting from school to home. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 21(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/PLPB.212.01 Indrayani, D. P. (2021). Developing Children's Naturalistic Intelligence through Gardening Activities at Sukarame Group B Lotus Kindergarten Bandar Lampung for the 2020/2021 Academic Year [Raden Intan State Islamic University Lampung]. http://repository.radenintan.ac.id/15351/ Ismail, A. (2018). Development of Early Childhood Naturalist Intelligence Instruments in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Journal of Educational Evaluation, 9(1), 16–29. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.21009/JEP.091.03 Ismail, M. J. (2021). Character education cares for the environment and maintains cleanliness in schools. The Old Teacher : Journal of Education and Learning, 4(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.31970/gurutua.v4i1.67 Jufri, J., La Fua, J., &; Nurlila, R. U. (2019). Environmental Education at Public Elementary School 1 Baruga Kendari City. . . Al-TA'DIB: Journal of Educational Studies, 11(2), 164–181. https://ejournal.iainkendari.ac.id/index.php/al-tadib/article/view/1133 Juniarti, Y. (2015). Increasing naturalist intelligence through field trip methods. Early Childhood Education, 9(2), 272. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.092.05 Khan, R. I. (2022). Stimulation of early childhood naturalist (nature-smart) intelligence with an exploration approach to the natural environment. Proceedings of OPPSI National Seminar 2022, 62–69. https://publishing.oppsi.or.id/index.php/SN/article/view/9 Latifah, C. N., &; Prasetyo, I. (2019). Effectiveness of Educational Game for the Intelligence of Early Childhood Naturalist. 296(Icsie 2018), 310–314. https://doi.org/10.2991/icsie-18.2019.56 Marlyana, A. V. (2023). Field trip method (field trip) group B at the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training in June 2023. Kiai Haji State Islamic UniversityACHMAD sIDDIQ. Martuti, N. K. T., Rahayuningsih, M., Zaka, M. N. H. F., & Arifin, M. S. (2022). ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN IN MOUNTAIN FOREST BUFFER VILLAGE (Case Study: Ngesrepbalong Village, Limbangan District, Kendal Regency). Proceedings of Science XII National Seminar "PISA Through Future Science for an Environmentally Friendly Generation," 30–39. https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/index.php/snipa/article/view/1334 Milin, S., Fadillah, F., &; Halida, H. (2014). Increased Intelligence of Naturalists Aged 5-6 Years in Pembina State Kindergarten. Journal of Equatorial Education and Learning, 3(8), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jppk.v3i8.6067 Mulyatno, C. B. (2022). Environmental Education from an Early Age in the Perspective of Y.B Mangunwijaya's Liberation Theology. Journal of Obsession : Journal of Early Childhood Education, 6(5), 4099–4110. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i5.2570 Nurdiansyah, E., &; Komalasari, K. (2023). Forming Ecological Citizenship through Community Activity-based Environmental Education. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 24(01), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/PLPB.212.01 Nurwati, R. (2020). Increasing naturalist intelligence through planting vegetable seeds for children aged 5-6 years at Permata Genting Boyolali Kindergarten. Semarang State University. Ultimate, C. B. (2015). Efforts to Improve Naturalist Intelligence through Traditional Market Games [Yogyakarta State University]. https://eprints.uny.ac.id/26707/1/SKRIPSI CHOIRUNNISA%27 BUDI PAMUNGKAS.pdf Pelima, J. N. (2014). Environmental Education with Outbound Method for Early Childhood: Literature Review. Journal of Academia, 1(2), 19–32. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/ekzd3 Prezylia, Z., Sasongko, R. N., &; Ardina, M. (2021). Teachers' efforts in improving naturalist intelligence in PAUD IT Nur' A thifah Pasar Manna, South Bengkulu Regency. ECCE PEN Journal, 2(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v2i1.14843 Primahesa, A., Sajidan, S., & Ramli, M. (2023). Improving higher order thinking skills in high school biology: A systematic review. Biosphere: Journal of Biological Education, 16(1), 206–218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.26724 Priyatna, A., Meilinawati, L., &; Subekti, M. (2017). Introduction of environmentally friendly lifestyles for mothers and children at Paud Siti Fatimah, Cirebon City. Journal of Community Service, 1(6), 348–351. http://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/pkm/article/view/16427 Rahmatunnisa, S. &, &; Halimah, S. (2018). Efforts to improve the naturalist intelligence of children aged 4-5 years through playing sand. Yaa Bunayya : Journal of Early Childhood Education, 2(1), 67–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24853/yby.2.1.67-82 Rahmawati, L. E. (2018). Efforts to Improve the Naturalist Intelligence of Children Aged 4-5 Years Through the Application of Outdoor Learning at PAUD Aisyiyah Kasih Ibu Dukun District, Magelang Regency [Semarang State University]. https://lib.unnes.ac.id/32410/ Rocmah, L. I. (2016). Increasing Naturalist Intelligence Through Messy Play for Children Aged 5-6 Years. Pedagogy : Journal of Education, 5(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.21070/pedagogia.v5i1.88 Rossa, V. O. (2014). Optimization of Early Childhood Naturalist Intelligence through Science Learning with Horta Puppet Media [University of Bengkulu]. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/35338424.pdf Safira, A. R., &; Wati, I. (2020). The importance of environmental education from an early age. JIEEC (Journal of Islamic Education for Early Childhood), 1(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.30587/jieec.v1i1.1592 Sari, A. P., Febrini, D., &; Wiwinda, W. (2023). Implementation of Outdoor Learning in Developing Early Childhood Naturalist Intelligence. Journal of Elementary School (JOES), 6(1), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.31539/joes.v6i1.6743 Saripudin, A. (2017). Naturalist intelligence development strategies in early childhood. AWLADY : Journal of Child Education, 3(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.24235/awlady.v3i1.1394 Suhartini, Y., &; Laela, A. (2018). Improving Early Childhood Natural Intelligence through Animal Recognition at TK Pelita Kota Bandung. Journal of Obsession : Journal of Early Childhood Education, 2(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v2i1.6 Sukanti, S. (2021). Improving the Intelligence of Early Childhood Naturalists through Plant Maintenance Activities in Group B at RA Az-Zahra Galang [Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi]. https://repository.pancabudi.ac.id/website/detail/21620/penelitian/meningkatkan-kecerdasan-naturalis-anak-usia-dini-melalui-kegiatan-pemeliharaan-tanaman-pada-kelompok-b-di-ra-azzahra-galang Sumitra, A., &; Panjaitan, M. (2019). Improving the Intelligence of Early Childhood Naturalists through the Field Trip Method. Paud Lectura: Journal of Early Childhood Education, 3(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31849/paud-lectura.v3i01.3342 Susmini, S., &; Sumiyati, S. (2019). Efforts to improve the naturalist intelligence of children aged 3-4 years through area-based creative play. Golden Age: Scientific Journal of Early Childhood Development, 3(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.14421/jga.2018.31-02 Syarofi, R., Ridwan, M., &; Abidin, R. (2023). Application of Corn Seed Pounding Game to Increase Naturalist Intelligence in Group B RA Miftahul Ulum Singogalih Tarik Sidoarjo. Proceedings of the Conference of Elementary Studies, 627–646. https://journal.um-surabaya.ac.id/index.php/Pro/article/view/19781 Ulfa, M. D. (2014). The influence of environmentally sound learning as a means of increasing naturalist intelligence in children aged 5-6 years at Pertiwi Kindergarten, Gunugpati District, Semarang. Early Childhood Education Papers (BELIA), 3(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/belia.v3i1.3419 Ulfah, M., &; Khoerunnisa, Y. (2018). The Effect of Using Inquiry Learning Strategies on Early Childhood Naturalist Intelligence in Majalengka Regency. Al-Athfal : Journal of Child Education, 4(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.14421/al-athfal.2018.41-03 Walidaini, S. (2021). Development of Naturalist Intelligence in Early Childhood through the Project Approach [Ar-Raniry State Islamic University]. https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/27604/ Widhiani, P., &; Imam, M. (2018). ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE EDUCATION GAME (CASE STUDY IN TK TARBIYATUL MUTAALIMIN CANGKO VILLAGE). INTI TALAFA : Journal of Informatics Engineering, 10(02), 11–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32534/int.v10i2.1607 Widiawati, M. (2022). Analysis of the Application of Environmental Education in Elementary Schools. Radiant, 6(1), 181–186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52802/pancar.v6i1.333 Wijaya, I. K. W. B., & Dewi, P. A. S. (2021). Development of Early Childhood Naturalist Intelligence through the Unesco Environmental Education Model. Ideas: Educational, Social, and Cultural Journals, 7(3), 97. https://doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v7i3.449 Winangun, I. M. A. (2020). Introduction to Life Science for Early Childhood through flashcard media with local content. Widya Kumara:Journal of Early Childhood Education, 1(2), 80–89. http://stahnmpukuturan.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/JPAUD/article/view/934/804%0Ahttp://stahnmpukuturan.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/JPAUD/article/view/934 Yunisari, D., Amri, A., &; Fakhirah, F. (2016). Development of Children's Naturalist Intelligence in the Center for Natural Materials at PAUD Terpadu Aceh Besar. Scientific Journal of Early Childhood Education Students, 1(1), 11–18. https://jim.usk.ac.id/paud/article/view/363

One of the most important areas of mathematics education that must be developed from a young age is geometry. Various studies state that arithmetic, geometry, and measurement are three mathematical disciplines that must be prioritized in early childhood education. This research aims to determine the effect of the Somatic, Auditory, Visual, and Intellectual (SAVI) learning model on the geometric abilities of children aged 5-6 years. This research uses a pre-experimental experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study was 18 children aged 5-6 years old Harapan Bunda Kindergarten Pancung Sol Pesisir Selatan. Data collection was obtained from observation and documentation, then the data was analyzed using paired sample tests. The results obtained in this research are that the SAVI model can improve the geometric abilities of children aged 5-6 years. This is known from the results of the paired sample t-test, which obtained a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, which means Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted so that children's initial mathematical abilities, geometry, increase through the SAVI learning model. Children may become actively involved in their education with the help of the SAVI learning model, particularly when it comes to teaching them geometric forms. Because the teacher may utilize real items to aid in learning, children can recognize and retain the geometric forms around them as they grow older. Keywords: SAVI learning model, geometry ability, early childhood References: Alfiani, D. A. (2016). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran SAVI (Somatis, Auditori, Visual, Intelektual) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Aanak Usia Dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 2(1), 1-15. https://www.syekhnurjati.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/awlady/article/view/763 Amineh, R. J., & Asl, H. D. (2015). Review Of Constructivism And Social Constructivism. Journal of Social Sciences, Literature and Languages, 1(1), 9-16. Andrianti, R. Y., Irawati, R., & Sudin, A. (2016). Pengaruh Pendekatan SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual) Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar Pada Materi Pengolahan Data. Jurnal Pena Ilmiah, 1(1), 471-480. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/penailmiah/article/view/2976 Birel, G. K., Deniz, D., & Onel, F. (2020). Analysis of primary school teachers’knowledge of geometry. International Electronic Journal of ElementaryEducation, 12(4), 303-309. Dewi, D. M. T., Masitoh, S., & Bachri, B. S. (2019). Improve Language And Cognitive Ability Through SAVI Learning Model With Lego Media For Preschool Child In Group A. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 212, 715-719. http://doi.org/10.2991/icei-18.2018.162 Elia, I., & Heuvel-panhuizen, M. V. D., & Gagatsis, A. (2018). Geometry Learning in the Early Years : Developing Understanding of Shapes and Space with a Focus on Visualization. 73–95. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7153-9_5 Gejard, G., & Melander, H. (2018). Mathematizing in preschool: Children’sparticipation in geometrical discourse. European Early ChildhoodEducation Research Journal, 26(4), 495-511. Gilmore, J. H., Knickmeyer, R. C., & Gao, W. (2018). Imaging Structural And Functional Brain Development In Early Childhood. Nature Review: Neuroscience. 19, 123-137. Gohel, K. (2020). A Study of effectiveness of auditory learning style instructional strategy on science achievement with reference to study habit. Purakala (UGC Care Journal), 31(4), 412-420. Hardy, J. K., & Hemmeter, M. L. (2019). Systematic Instruction of Early Math Skill For Preschoolers At Risk For Math Delays. Topics in Early Childhood Special EducationI, 38(4), 234-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121418792300 Hariawan, R., Nurul, U., Muhammad, H. A. Y., & Imron, A. (2019). Contributions Management of Parenting and Education Program to Strengthen The Service Three Early Childhood Education Center. International Education Studies. 12 (2). http://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n2p100 Hosain,M., & Wiest,L.R. (2013). Collaborative Middle School Geometry Through Blogs And Otherweb 2.0 Technologies. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 32(3), 337–352. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1006190 Hwang, W. Y., Hoang, A., & Tu, Y. (2019). Exploring Authentic Contexts With Ubiquitous Geometry To Facilitate Elementary School Students’ Geometry Learning. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 29, 269-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-019-00476-y Hwang, W. Y., Liu, Y. F., Purba, S. W. D., & Zhang, Y. Y. (2018). Investigation On The Effects Of Measuring Authentic Contexts On Geometry Learning. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 12, 291-302. Ivrendi, A., Erol, A., & Atan, A. (2018). Developing a test for geometry andspatial perceptions of 5-6 year old. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(6). Kencanawati, S. A. M. M., Sariyasa, S., & Hartawan, I. G. N. Y. (2020). Pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis. Pythagoras: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 15(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.21831/pg.v15i1.33006 Lee, J. E. (2017). Preschool Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge In Mathematics. International Journal of Early Childhood. 49, 229-243. Meier, D. (2000). The Accelerated Learning Handbook A Creative Guide To Designing And Delivering Faster, More Effective Training Programs. United Kingdom: McGraw-Hill. Murti, E. D., Nasir, N., & Negara, H. S. (2019). Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis : Dampak Model Pembelajaran SAVI ditinjau dari Kemandirian Belajar Matematis. Desimal: Jurnal Matematika, 2(2), 119–129.https://doi.org/10.24042/djm.v2i2.4072. National Research Council. (2009). Mathematics Learning In Early Childhood: Paths Toward Excellence And Equity.Washington, DC : National Academies Press. Ozcakir, B., Konca, A. S., & Arikan, N. (2019). Children’s Geometric Understanding Through Digital Activities: The Case Of Basic Geometric Shapes. International Journal of Progressive Education, 15(3), 108-122. Parks, A. N. (2015). Exploring Mathematics Through Play In The Early Childhood Classroom. Teachers College Press. Partini, K. E., Wirya, I. N., & Ujianti, P. R. (2017). Pengaruh Metode Proyek Terhadap Kemampuan Mengenal Bentuk Geometri Pada Kelompok B Gugus I Singaraja Semester I. e-Journal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini: Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, 5(2), 210-219. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JJPAUD/article/view/12606/12967 Pauli, C., & Reusser, K. (2015). Co-constructivism in educational theory andpractice. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences.(Second Edition). 913-917 Raiyn, J. (2016). 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Statement of the problem. Employment of the population and reduction of unemployment rate are priority objectives for economic recovery in the country suffering from the hybrid war for many years, affected by the COVID-19 pandemic for two years, and involved into the full-scale war since February 24, 2022 that results in joblessness for thousands of people, destruction of the businesses, equipment and facilities, as well as the natural resources of Ukraine. These and other factors are undermining the normalfunc- tioning of the labor market that currently features high unemployment rate, essential territorial differentiation in the area of employment in connection with the temporary occupation of the territories and warfare, imbalances between the vacancies and the qualifications in demand, negative demographic processes (increase in the rate of mortality, disability, migration within and outside the country). Today, governmental regulation of the labor market is a necessity because coordination between the interests of the workforce and the employers has to be supported and monitored by the government to enable fast recovery from the crisis and integration of Ukraine into the world economic space, increase of the economic competitiveness and acceptance of Ukraine as the member of the European Union. Analysis of the latest researches and publications. The war in Ukraine that has caused social and economic crisis has also adversely affected the national labor market and employment industry. The vacancies have been curtailed as a result of emigration of people and relocation of businesses, employment has become problematic or impossible, accordingly, there is increase in unemployment rate stemming from the pandemic and economic crisis emerging before the war. That is why a lot of scientists have started researching this problem, namely, N. Balashova, O. Bokov, M. Butko, V. Vasylchenko, R. Voitovych [4], S. Honcharova, K. Dubych [4], M. Kravchenko, O. Krainyk, E. Libanova, Y. Marshavin, L. Novak-Kaliaieva, V. Onikienko, N. Savchenko, K. Suprun [5], N. Titchenko. Addressing the previously untouched points of the general problem. The subject of the research constitutes study of the particulars of formation of offer and demand in the labor market of Ukraine amid improvement of its governmental regulation, with due regard to the European Integration ambitions of Ukraine. Presentation of the basic research material. Employment of the population is one of the most important criteria influencing the state of economy and efficiency of public administration in any country. The purpose of the governmental policy in this area is to ensure the fullest involvement of the population in the socioeconomic development processes. Public administration of employment includes ensuring balance between the labor offer and demand for the people with different occupational qualifications, increase of the income and improvement of the quality of life of the people, facilitation of staff support in order to generate and fulfill the creative and business ideas. Public administration of employment plays an important rolein the socioeconomic development policy, offersso- lution to the multidimensional problems, and not only furthers achievement of quantitative target values, but also encourages qualitative economic changes, human capital development, especially in the context of the European integration. Based on the completed analysis, the key measures aimed at improvement of the governmental regulation of the labor market amid the crisis are creation of equal opportunities for the unemployed in the Employment Center of the region, provision of access to the training programs and job offers, introduction of the mechanisms of cooperation and interaction among the State Employment Service and private employment agencies; elimination of imbalance between the workforce offer and demand revealed while analyzing the number of vacancies and unemployed in the labor market of Ukraine, which is especially necessary in times of war, by achieving the balance between the workforce offer and demand in the market through generation of the system of monitoring and forecasting, and estimation of the numbers of the state order in the educational institutions; career guidance organization and promotion, training and re-training of staff; harmonization of the legislative regulation of labor relations of the market participants; in view of the experience gained from the developed countries, prioritization of the social protection of the unemployed population (financial aid, unemployment benefits, unemployment insurance, etc.), which shall definitely decrease emigration of the staff and reduce the criminal rate; generation of the competitive environment, both in the labor market and in the businesses, with due regard to the economic and regional aspects; increase of motivation among the unemployed, etc. Conclusions. The research addresses the evident lack of balance between the offer and demand in the labor market occurring as a result of the pandemic, as well as substantial worsening of this situation since February 24, 2022. In 2018–2019, the difference between the vacancies and the unemployed was not essential, in 2020, the number of unemployed exceeded the number of vacancies 1.5 times, in 2021, 1.7 times, and in 2022, 2.7 times. In addition to the social crisis when the war destroys the life of people and families, ruins or paralyzes the state and private economy sector, the governmental regulation of the labor market is required both at the state and the regional levels. Today, the worst situation is in the occupied territories or the area affected by fighting, and despite partial relocation of businesses, many companies are staying in the danger area any putting the life of their employees at stake every day due to impossibility to move their business to another area, desire to keep the jobs or for other reasons, for stabilization of economic processes and the future without war.

ABSTRAK Strategi penghimpunan zakat infaq dan sedekah masa kini harus selaras dengan perkembangan teknologi dan perilaku masyarakat 5.0 (society 5.0), dimana Society 5.0 menciptakan masyarakat yang berbasis teknologi sehingga pembayaran zakat, infaq, dan sedekah non tunai harus memanfaatkan teknologi finansial seperti, mobile banking, ATM, QRIS, dompet digital maupun e-commerce. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu guna mengetahui besarnya penerimaan dan penggunaan layanan teknologi finansial dalam membayar Zakat, Infaq, dan Sedekah (ZIS) menggunakan ekstensi Technology of Acceptance Model (TAM) dengan motivasi spiritual. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) dengan sebanyak 129 responden yang berasal dari Kota Bekasi, Bandung, Bogor, Cimahi, Sukabumi, Garut, Majalengka, Tasikmalaya, dan Pangandaran. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa muzakki dalam menerima dan menggunakan layanan teknologi keuangan untuk membayar ZIS secara non tunai dipengaruhi oleh persepsi kemudahan, persepsi kegunaan, sikap, dan intensi. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah agar lembaga zakat dapat mengetahui penerimaan dan penggunaan teknologi muzakki dalam menunaikan zakat non tunai sehingga dapat berinovasi dalam menyediakan layanan bagi muzakki maupun masyarakat yang akan membayar zakat non tunai. Kata Kunci: Zakat Non Tunai, Kesejahteraan Umum, Perilaku Mikroekonomi, Ekonomi Keuangan. ABSTRACT The strategy of collecting zakat infaq and alms today must be in line with technological developments and community behavior 5.0 (society 5.0), where Society 5.0 creates a technology-based society. ATM, QRIS, digital wallet, and e-commerce. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of acceptance and use of financial technology services in paying Zakat, Infaq, and Alms (ZIS) using the Technology of Acceptance Model (TAM) extension with spiritual motivation. The research method used is Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with 129 respondents taken from Bekasi, Bandung, Bogor, Cimahi, Sukabumi, Garut, Majalengka, Tasikmalaya, and Pangandaran. This study found that muzakki in accepting and using financial technology services to pay ZIS non-cash were influenced by perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes, and intentions. However, the perceived usefulness does not affect the attitude of muzakki in paying non-cash ZIS, and indirectly the perceived usefulness does not affect the actual use of muzakki to pay ZIS. 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The armed forces of the Russian Federation are the guarantor of ensuring the national security of our state. The importance of strengthening the health of citizens of military age is increasing, which are viewed from the perspective of a human resource responsible for the country’s defense capability. Purpose of the study is to analyze the results of medical support for the preparation of citizens for military service in the Orenburg region for the period from 2000 to 2022. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . Statistical and analytical methods were used in the study. The data of statistical collections of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Orenburg region, accounting and reporting documents of the Center for military medical expertise of the Federal State Institution «Military Commissariat of the Orenburg Region» were used. R e s u l t s . Over the years of the study, there has been a gradual decrease in the conscription resource (the number of young men put on military registration) by 49,2% – from 19,504 in 2000 to 9598 young men in 2022. In 2000, the fitness for military service for health reasons was 60,2%. The current situation required the adoption of managerial decisions aimed at compensating the conscription resource needed to recruit the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in sufficient quantity by increasing the fitness of conscripts for military service. The promotion of a healthy lifestyle by young people, regular physical education and sports has become widespread. The result of the work done is a gradual increase in the fitness for military service, which in 2022 amounted to 76,3%. F i n d i n g s . The organization of medical support required interdepartmental interaction in the work of state and public organizations for timely management decisions on problematic issues. The improvement of health indicators and, as a result, an increase in the number of citizens fit for military service, contributed to the stable fulfillment of the state task of conscription of citizens for military service.

The variable “actors” records individuals or collectives, who appear as a source for assertions of facts and evaluations and whose actions, interests or demands are addressed in an article (Hillebrand, 2005). In the case of media self-coverage, and especially when dealing with media policy issues, media organizations themselves might be affected by them. Hence, media organizations may strategically use their privileged access to the public to promote their own interests, for example by selecting actors and positions that will be publicly heard. Several studies have found a predominance of “opportune actors” and experts representing a position that supports media organization’s own interests (Kemner, Scherer, & Weinacht, 2008; Lichtenstein, 2011; Maier & Dogruel, 2016). Field of application/theoretical foundation The variable serves to identify the actors involved in specific media discourses and can serve as an indicator for attempted influence by media organizations through biased selection. Example study Pedrazzi. 2020 Information on Pedrazzi, 2020 Research interest: Pedrazzi (2020) investigates Swiss media coverage of media policy, public service in general and the Swiss public service organization SRG SSR in the context of the referendum on the revision of the Federal Act on Radio and Television (RTVA) in 2015 and the No-Billag initiative in 2018. Object of analysis: Representative samples of articles covering each the revision of the RTVA and the No-Billag initiative in twelve regional and national Swiss German print and online publications with different ownership. Time frame of analysis: January 1, 2010 to March 4, 2018 Information about variable Level of analysis: article Operationalization/Coding instructions: “The main actor and the two most important secondary actors mentioned in the article and who speak directly or indirectly on media policy issues, i.e. either on one of the proposals (revision of RTVA and/or No-Billag initiative) and its consequences, on the subject of public service, on Swiss public service organization SRG SSR or on the media market, are recorded. However, if an actor is only mentioned - without an explanation of his/her views - he/she is not coded. The main actor is the one who is presented as central in the title, subtitle and/or lead. The title, subtitle (if available) and lead are the first criteria for the assignment. If several actors appear in the same text subunit, the order is decisive. If no clear assignment can be made due to title/subtitle/lead, the entire contribution is used. The main actor is then the most extensively presented actor in terms of volume. The most important secondary actor is determined according to the same criteria as the main actor (if the main actor is not taken into account). The second most important secondary actor is determined according to the same criteria as the main actor (if the main actor and the most important secondary actor are not considered). The journalist can also be coded as an actor if he/she reveals his/her opinion. In the case of commentaries/columns, the author counts as the main actor. In the case of interviews, the interviewee counts as the main actor, but not the journalist.” Values: Pedrazzi (2020) Government, administration, parliament or courts as a body or institution and/or individual representatives of the executive, legislative or judiciary system (however, not individual politicians speaking for themselves or their party) Federal Council Federal Council as a whole or individual members Federal departments, authorities and commissions Departments (e.g. DETEC), federal offices (e.g. OFCOM) authorities and commissions (e.g. ComCom) and their representatives National Council and Council of States Parliament or commissions, including commission presidents or spokespersons when acting in this capacity. Note: Individual parliamentarians must be coded as members of their parties. Cantonal government Cantonal Government as a whole or individual members acting in this capacity Cantonal administration Cantonal administration and their representatives Cantonal parliament Cantonal parliaments Municipalities Members of the municipal council, administration, etc.) Courts Federal court / cantonal court / district court etc. as well as judges acting in their function Other bodies or institutions of the government, administration, parliament or justice Parties and party representatives (incl. party subsections) BDP, Bürgerlich-Demokratische Partei Junge BDP CVP, Christlich-demokratische Volkspartei (inkl. CSP) Junge CVP EVP, Evangelische Volkspartei Junge EVP FDP, die Liberalen (inkl. LPS/Liberale Partei der Schweiz) Jungfreisinnige GLP, Grünliberale Partei Junge Grünliberale GPS, Grüne Partei der Schweiz Junge Grüne SP, Sozialdemokratische Partei JUSO SVP, Schweizerische Volkspartei Junge SVP Lega dei Ticinesi Mouvement Citoyens Romand Independents Other parties Initiative, referendum and counter committees Referendum Committee against the revision of the RTVG Committee "Ja zum RTVG" Committee "Nein zur neuen Billag-Mediensteuer" Initiative Committee No Billag incl. Olivier Kessler Committee "NEIN zu No-Billag" Committee "Nein zum Sendeschluss" Other initiative, referendum and counter committees Media, telecommunications and advertising companies and their representatives (incl. owners, editors) SRG SSR incl. SRF, RTS, RSI, RTR NZZ Mediengruppe incl. Radio FM1, TVO, Tele 1, Radio Pilatus, etc. Tamedia Ringier incl. Radio NRJ AZ Medien incl. Radio Argovia, Radio 24, Radio 32, Tele M1, Tele Züri, Tele Bärn, etc. Somedia incl. Radio Südostschweiz, Tele Südostschweiz, etc. Basler Zeitung Medien 3+ Gruppe ProSieben Sat.1 Gruppe RTL Gruppe Teleclub/Swisscom UPC Cablecom Sunrise Orange/Salt Publisuisse Goldbach Medien Other private media companies Media associations and their representatives Verband Schweizer Medien – Médias Suisses – Stampa Svizzera VSP - Verband Schweizer Privatradios RRR - Radio Régionales Romandes Unikom – Union nicht-kommerzorientierter Lokalradios Telesuisse - Verband der Schweizer Regionalsender impressum – Schweizer JournalistInnen Syndicom SSM – Schweizer Syndikat Medienschaffender Swisscable asut Schweizer Werbung – Publicité Suisse – Publicità Svizzera Other media associations Other associations (economic, cultural, civil society, etc.) economiesuisse Schweizerischer Gewerbeverband Schweizerischer Arbeitgeberverband avenir suisse Schweizerischer Gewerkschaftsbund Kaufmännischer Verband KV Schweiz Travail Suisse Stiftung für Konsumentenschutz Konsumentenforum Fédération romande des consommateurs Associazione consumatrici della Svizzera italiana Think tanks Cultural associations Incl. film and music professionals Sports associations Civil society organizations and associations Other associations Other economic or socio-cultural actors Industry experts Companies not operating in the media, telecommunications or advertising industry Science, research Celebrities From sports, culture, show business, etc. Members of the audience (viewers, readers, users) or simple citizens (without representative function) Author (in case of op-ed articles) Other actors Intercoder reliability: Intercoder reliability (Krippendorff’s Alpha) coefficient of .77 across categories (9 coders) Codebook available at (last accessed on 09.12.2020): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4312912 Information on Hillebrand, 2005 Research interest: Hillebrand (2005) examines how print media outlets report on television (which content, actors, concerns and ways of addressing issues dominate in the coverage and to what extent it includes criticism).Object of analysis: Purposive sample (four times two weeks around media-relevant events) of articles containing a reference to television in six national daily newspapers, two national weekly newspapers, three television magazines and two media trade journals from Germany. Time frame of analysis: August 1, 2002 to July 31, 2003 Information about variable Level of analysis: article Operationalization/Coding instructions: Hillebrand (2005, Anhang A, own translation):“Coding is intended to record the actors, sources and witnesses appearing in the article. A main actor and a secondary actor (if applicable) are coded.Main actor: Who is at the center of the article? Whose actions or statements, interests or preferences are at the core of the article? Who takes up the most space? Whose actions or statements form the reference point to which others then react? Who appears as the ‘source’ for statements of facts or for evaluations?The author(s) of an article are not considered as actors! This also applies in cases where TV celebrities such as Kalkofe (TV-Spielfilm) or Beckmann (Zeit) have permanent columns. As actor is recorded the person or collective, who is reported on, whose actions are commented on, etc.Secondary actor: Who else is it about? Same codes to be used as for the main actor.” Values: Hillebrand (2005) Members of the audience (viewers, readers, users), participants, simple citizens (without representative function) Media companies, media executives, journalists, celebrities of the media industry Politicians and all members of the executive and judiciary system Companies (outside the media industry) Interest groups (of companies or professions outside the media industry, e.g. from the environmental sector, etc.), churches, etc. Interest groups (of companies or professions outside the media industry, e.g. from the environmental sector, etc.), churches, etc. Science, experts, interpreters (writers etc.) - from research and scientific institutions or as self-employed, formally independent from companies, political parties and interest groups Others No secondary actor/not decidable Intercoder reliability: Intercoder reliability coefficient of .84 across categories (4 coders), not specified for individual categoryCodebook available at (last accessed on 09.12.2020): https://www.hans-bredow-institut.de/uploads/media/Publikationen/cms/media/d666beb1d9130d241ec01915684342eb582b3d42.pdf.ReferencesHillebrand, C. (2005). Das Fernsehen im Spiegel der Printmedien – Konturen der Berichterstattung. In R. Weiß (Ed.), Zur Kritik der Medienkritik. Wie Zeitungen das Fernsehen beobachten (pp. 33-81). Berlin: Vistas.Kemner, B., Scherer, H., & Weinacht, S. (2008). Unter der Tarnkappe. Publizistik, 53(1), 65-84. doi:10.1007/s11616-008-0006-9Lichtenstein, D. (2011). Kommerzialisierung des Medienjournalismus? Eine empirische Untersuchung zum „Fall Berliner Zeitung“. M&K Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft, 59(2), 216-234. doi:10.5771/1615-634x-2011-2-216Maier, D., & Dogruel, L. (2016). Akteursbeziehungen in der Zeitungsberichterstattung über die Online-Aktivitäten des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks. Publizistik, 61(2), 145-166. doi:10.1007/s11616-016-0258-8 Pedrazzi, S. (2020). Codebuch zur Studie «Eigeninteressen in der Berichterstattung über medienpolitische Vorlagen und den Service public in der Schweiz». Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4312912

The UP Manila Health Policy Development Hub recognizes the invaluable contribution of the participants in theseries of roundtable discussions listed below: RTD: Beyond Hospital Beds: Equity,quality, and service1. Ma. Esmeralda C. Silva, MPAf, MSPPM, PhD,Faculty, College of Public Health, UP Manila2. Leonardo R. Estacio, Jr., MCD, MPH, PhD, Dean,College of Arts and Sciences, UP Manila3. Michael Antonio F. Mendoza, DDM, MM, Faculty,College of Dentistry, UP Manila4. Hilton Y. Lam, MHA, PhD, Chair, UP Manila HealthPolicy Development Hub; Director, Institute of HealthPolicy and Development Studies, University of thePhilippines Manila5. Irma L. Asuncion, MHA, CESO III, Director IV,Bureau of Local Health Systems Development,Department of Health6. Renely Pangilinan-Tungol, MD, CFP, MPM-HSD,Municipal Health Officer, San Fernando, Pampanga7. Salome F. Arinduque, MD, Galing-Pook AwardeeRepresentative, Municipal Health Officer, San Felipe,Zambales8. Carmelita C. Canila, MD, MPH, Faculty, College ofPublic Health, University of the Philippines Manila9. Lester M. Tan, MD, MPH, Division Chief, Bureau ofLocal Health System Development, Department ofHealth10. Anthony Rosendo G. Faraon, MD, Vice President,Zuellig Family Foundation (ZFF)11. Albert Francis E. Domingo, MD, Consultant, HealthSystem strengthening through Public Policy andRegulation, World Health Organization12. Jesus Randy O. Cañal, MD, FPSO-HNS, AssociateDirector, Medical and Regulatory Affairs, AsianHospital and Medical Center13. Christian Edward L. Nuevo, Health Policy and SystemsResearch Fellow, Health Policy Development andPlanning Bureau, Department of Health14. Paolo Victor N. Medina, MD, Assistant Professor 4,College of Medicine, University of the PhilippinesManila15. Jose Rafael A. Marfori, MD, Special Assistant to theDirector, Philippine General Hospital16. Maria Teresa U. Bagaman, Committee Chair, PhilippineSociety for Quality, Inc.17. Maria Theresa G. Vera, MSc, MHA, CESO III, DirectorIV, Health Facility Development Bureau, Departmentof Health18. Ana Melissa F. Hilvano-Cabungcal, MD, AssistantAssociate Dean for Planning & Development, Collegeof Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila19. Fevi Rose C. Paro, Faculty, Department of Communityand Environmental Resource Planning, University ofthe Philippines Los Baños20. Maria Rosa C. Abad, MD, Medical Specialist III,Standard Development Division, Health Facilities andServices Regulation21. Yolanda R. Robles, RPh, PhD, Faculty, College ofPharmacy, University of the Philippines Manila22. Jaya P. Ebuen, RN, Development Manager Officer,CHDMM, Department of Health23. Josephine E. Cariaso, MA, RN, Assistant Professor,College of Nursing, University of the Philippines Manila24. Diana Van Daele, Programme Manager, CooperationSection, European Union25. Maria Paz de Sagun, Project Management Specialist,USAID26. Christopher Muñoz, Member, Yellow Warriors SocietyPhilippinesRTD: Health services and financingroles: Population based- andindividual-based1. Hilton Y. Lam, MHA, PhD, Chair, University of thePhilippines Manila Health Policy Development Hub;Director, Institute of Health Policy and DevelopmentStudies, University of the Philippines Manila2. Ma. Esmeralda C. Silva, MPAf, MSPPM, PhD,Faculty, College of Public Health, University of thePhilippines Manila3. Leonardo R. Estacio, Jr., MCD, MPH, PhD, Dean,College of Arts and Sciences, University of thePhilippines Manila4. Michael Antonio F. Mendoza, DDM, MM, Faculty,College of Dentistry, University of the PhilippinesManila5. Mario C. Villaverde, Undersecretary, Health Policyand Development Systems and Development Team,Department of Health6. Jaime Z. Galvez Tan, MD, Former Secretary, Department of Health7. Marvin C. Galvez, MD, OIC Division Chief, BenefitsDevelopment and Research Department, PhilippineHealth Insurance Corporation8. Alvin B. Caballes, MD, MPE, MPP, Faculty, Collegeof Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila9. Carlos D. Da Silva, Executive Director, Association ofMunicipal Health Maintenance Organization of thePhilippines, Inc.10. Anthony Rosendo G. Faraon, MD, Vice President,Zuellig Family Foundation (ZFF) 11. Albert Francis E. Domingo, MD, Consultant, HealthSystem strengthening through Public Policy andRegulation, World Health Organization12. Salome F. Arinduque, MD, Galing-Pook AwardeeRepresentative, Municipal Health Officer, San Felipe,Zambales13. Michael Ralph M. Abrigo, PhD, Research Fellow,Philippine Institute for Developmental Studies14. Oscar D. Tinio, MD, Committee Chair, Legislation,Philippine Medical Association15. Rogelio V. Dazo, Jr., MD, FPCOM, Legislation,Philippine Medical Association16. Ligaya V. Catadman, MM, Officer-in-charge, HealthPolicy Development and Planning Bureau, Department of Health17. Maria Fatima Garcia-Lorenzo, President, PhilippineAlliance of Patients Organization18. Tomasito P. Javate, Jr, Supervising Economic DevelopmentSpecialist, Health Nutrition and Population Division,National Economic and Development Authority19. Josefina Isidro-Lapena, MD, National Board ofDirector, Philippine Academy of Family Physicians20. Maria Eliza Ruiz-Aguila, MPhty, PhD, Dean, Collegeof Allied Medical Professions, University of thePhilippines Manila21. Ana Melissa F. Hilvano-Cabungcal, MD, AssistantAssociate Dean for Planning & Development, College ofMedicine, University of the Philippines Manila22. Maria Paz P. Corrales, MD, MHA, MPA, Director III,Department of Health-National Capital Region23. Karin Estepa Garcia, MD, Executive Secretary, PhilippineAcademy of Family Physicians24. Adeline A. Mesina, MD, Medical Specialist III,Philippine Health Insurance Corporation25. Glorey Ann P. Alde, RN, MPH, Research Fellow,Department of HealthRTD: Moving towards provincelevel integration throughUniversal Health Care Act1. Hilton Y. Lam, MHA, PhD, Chair, University of thePhilippines Manila Health Policy Development Hub;Director, Institute of Health Policy and DevelopmentStudies, University of the Philippines Manila2. Ma. Esmeralda C. Silva, MPAf, MSPPM, PhD,Faculty, College of Public Health, University of thePhilippines Manila3. Leonardo R. Estacio, Jr., MCD, MPH, PhD, Dean,College of Arts and Sciences, University of thePhilippines Manila4. Michael Antonio F. Mendoza, DDM, MM, Faculty,College of Dentistry, University of the PhilippinesManila5. Mario C. Villaverde, Undersecretary of Health, HealthPolicy and Development Systems and DevelopmentTeam, Department of Health6. Ferdinand A. Pecson, Undersecretary and ExecutiveDirector, Public Private Partnership Center7. Rosanna M. Buccahan, MD, Provincial Health Officer,Bataan Provincial Office8. Lester M. Tan, MD, Division Chief, Bureau of LocalHealth System Development, Department of Health9. Ernesto O. Domingo, MD, FPCP, FPSF, FormerChancellor, University of the Philippines Manila10. Albert Francis E. Domingo, MD, Consultant, HealthSystem strengthening through Public Policy andRegulation, World Health Organization11. Leslie Ann L. Luces, MD, Provincial Health Officer,Aklan12. Rene C. Catan, MD, Provincial Health Officer, Cebu13. Anthony Rosendo G. Faraon, MD, Vice President,Zuellig Family Foundation14. Jose Rafael A. Marfori, MD, Special Assistant to theDirector, Philippine General Hospital15. Jesus Randy O. Cañal, MD, FPSO-HNS, Consultant,Asian Hospital and Medical Center16. Ramon Paterno, MD, Member, Universal Health CareStudy Group, University of the Philippines Manila17. Mayor Eunice U. Babalcon, Mayor, Paranas, Samar18. Zorayda E. Leopando, MD, Former President,Philippine Academy of Family Physicians19. Madeleine de Rosas-Valera, MD, MScIH, SeniorTechnical Consultant, World Bank20. Arlene C. Sebastian, MD, Municipal Health Officer,Sta. Monica, Siargao Island, Mindanao21. Rizza Majella L. Herrera, MD, Acting Senior Manager,Accreditation Department, Philippine Health InsuranceCorporation22. Alvin B. Caballes, MD, MPE, MPP, Faculty, Collegeof Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila23. Pres. Policarpio B. Joves, MD, MPH, MOH, FPAFP,President, Philippine Academy of Family Physicians24. Leilanie A. Nicodemus, MD, Board of Director,Philippine Academy of Family Physicians25. Maria Paz P. Corrales, MD, MHA, MPA, Director III,National Capital Region Office, Department of Health26. Dir. Irma L. Asuncion, MD, MHA, CESO III, DirectorIV, Bureau of Local Health Systems Development,Department of Health27. Bernard B. Argamosa, MD, Mental Health Representative, National Center for Mental Health28. Flerida Chan, Chief, Poverty Reduction Section, JapanInternational Cooperation Agency29. Raul R. Alamis, Chief Health Program Officer, ServiceDelivery Network, Department of Health30. Mary Anne Milliscent B. Castro, Supervising HealthProgram Officer, Department of Health 31. Marikris Florenz N. Garcia, Project Manager, PublicPrivate Partnership Center32. Mary Grace G. Darunday, Supervising Budget andManagement Specialist, Budget and Management Bureaufor the Human Development Sector, Department ofBudget and Management33. Belinda Cater, Senior Budget and Management Specialist,Department of Budget and Management34. Sheryl N. Macalipay, LGU Officer IV, Bureau of LocalGovernment and Development, Department of Interiorand Local Government35. Kristel Faye M. Roderos, OTRP, Representative,College of Allied Medical Professions, University ofthe Philippines Manila36. Jeffrey I. Manalo, Director III, Policy Formulation,Project Evaluation and Monitoring Service, PublicPrivate Partnership Center37. Atty. Phebean Belle A. Ramos-Lacuna, Division Chief,Policy Formulation Division, Public Private PartnershipCenter38. Ricardo Benjamin D. Osorio, Planning Officer, PolicyFormulation, Project Evaluation and MonitoringService, Public Private Partnership Center39. Gladys Rabacal, Program Officer, Japan InternationalCooperation Agency40. Michael Angelo Baluyot, Nurse, Bataan Provincial Office41. Jonna Jane Javier Austria, Nurse, Bataan Provincial Office42. Heidee Buenaventura, MD, Associate Director, ZuelligFamily Foundation43. Dominique L. Monido, Policy Associate, Zuellig FamilyFoundation44. Rosa Nene De Lima-Estellana, RN, MD, Medical OfficerIII, Department of Interior and Local Government45. Ma Lourdes Sangalang-Yap, MD, FPCR, Medical OfficerIV, Department of Interior and Local Government46. Ana Melissa F. Hilvano-Cabungcal, MD, AssistantAssociate Dean for Planning & Development, College ofMedicine, University of the Philippines Manila47. Colleen T. Francisco, Representative, Department ofBudget and Management48. Kristine Galamgam, Representative, Department ofHealth49. Fides S. Basco, Officer-in-charge, Chief Budget andManagement Specialist, Development of Budget andManagementRTD: Health financing: Co-paymentsand Personnel1. Hilton Y. Lam, MHA, PhD, Chair, University of thePhilippines Manila Health Policy Development Hub;Director, Institute of Health Policy and DevelopmentStudies, University of the Philippines Manila2. Ma. Esmeralda C. Silva, MPAf, MSPPM, PhD,Faculty, College of Public Health, University of thePhilippines Manila3. Leonardo R. Estacio, Jr., MCD, MPH, PhD, Dean,College of Arts and Sciences, University of thePhilippines Manila4. Michael Antonio F. Mendoza, DDM, MM, Faculty,College of Dentistry, University of the Philippines Manila5. Ernesto O. Domingo, MD, Professor Emeritus,University of the Philippines Manila6. Irma L. Asuncion, MHA, CESO III, Director IV,Bureau of Local Health Systems Development,Department of Health7. Lester M. Tan, MD, MPH, Division Chief, Bureau ofLocal Health System Development, Department ofHealth8. Marvin C. Galvez, MD, OIC Division Chief, BenefitsDevelopment and Research Department, PhilippineHealth Insurance Corporation9. Adeline A. Mesina, MD, Medical Specialist III, BenefitsDepartment and Research Department, PhilippineHealth Insurance Corporation10. Carlos D. Da Silva, Executive Director, Association ofHealth Maintenance Organization of the Philippines,Inc.11. Ma. Margarita Lat-Luna, MD, Deputy Director, FiscalServices, Philippine General Hospital12. Waldemar V. Galindo, MD, Chief of Clinics, Ospital ngMaynila13. Albert Francis E. Domingo, MD, Consultant, HealthSystem strengthening through Public Policy andRegulation, World Health Organization14. Rogelio V. Dazo, Jr., MD, Member, Commission onLegislation, Philippine Medical Association15. Aileen R. Espina, MD, Board Member, PhilippineAcademy of Family Physicians16. Anthony R. Faraon, MD, Vice President, Zuellig FamilyFoundation17. Jesus Randy O. Cañal, Associate Director, Medical andRegulatory Affairs, Asian Hospital and Medical Center18. Jared Martin Clarianes, Technical Officer, Union of LocalAuthorities of the Philippines19. Leslie Ann L. Luces, MD, Provincial Health Officer,Aklan20. Rosa Nene De Lima-Estellana, MD, Medical OfficerIII, Department of the Interior and Local Government21. Ma. Lourdes Sangalang-Yap, MD, Medical Officer V,Department of the Interior and Local Government 22. Dominique L. Monido, Policy Associate, Zuellig FamilyFoundation23. Krisch Trine D. Ramos, MD, Medical Officer, PhilippineCharity Sweepstakes Office24. Larry R. Cedro, MD, Assistant General Manager, CharitySector, Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office25. Margarita V. Hing, Officer in Charge, ManagementDivision, Financial Management Service Sector,Department of Health26. Dr. Carlo Irwin Panelo, Associate Professor, College ofMedicine, University of the Philippines Manila27. Dr. Angelita V. Larin, Faculty, College of Public Health,University of the Philippines Manila28. Dr. Abdel Jeffri A. Abdulla, Chair, RegionalizationProgram, University of the Philippines Manila29. Christopher S. Muñoz, Member, Philippine Alliance ofPatients Organization30. Gemma R. Macatangay, LGOO V, Department ofInterior and Local Government – Bureau of LocalGovernment Development31. Dr. Narisa Portia J. Sugay, Acting Vice President, QualityAssurance Group, Philippine Health InsuranceCorporation32. Maria Eliza R. Aguila, Dean, College of Allied MedicalProfessions, University of the Philippines Manila33. Angeli A. Comia, Manager, Zuellig Family Foundation34. Leo Alcantara, Union of Local Authorities of thePhilippines35. Dr. Zorayda E. Leopando, Former President, PhilippineAcademy of Family Physicians36. Dr. Emerito Jose Faraon, Faculty, College of PublicHealth, University of the Philippines Manila37. Dr. Carmelita C. Canila, Faculty, College of PublicHealth, University of the Philippines ManilaRTD: Moving towards third partyaccreditation for health facilities1. Hilton Y. Lam, MHA, PhD, Chair, University of thePhilippines Manila Health Policy Development Hub;Director, Institute of Health Policy and DevelopmentStudies, University of the Philippines Manila2. Ma. Esmeralda C. Silva, MPAf, MSPPM, PhD,Faculty, College of Public Health, University of thePhilippines Manila3. Leonardo R. Estacio, Jr., MCD, MPH, PhD, Dean,College of Arts and Sciences, University of thePhilippines Manila4. Michael Antonio F. Mendoza, DDM, MM, Faculty,College of Dentistry, University of the PhilippinesManila5. Rizza Majella L. Herrera, MD, Acting SeniorManager, Accreditation Department, Philippine HealthInsurance Corporation6. Bernadette C. Hogar-Manlapat, MD, FPBA, FPSA,FPSQua, MMPA, President and Board of Trustee,Philippine Society for Quality in Healthcare, Inc.7. Waldemar V. Galindo, MD, Chief of Clinics, Ospital ngMaynila8. Amor. F. Lahoz, Division Chief, Promotion andDocumentation Division, Department of Trade andIndustry – Philippine Accreditation Bureau9. Jenebert P. Opinion, Development Specialist, Department of Trade and Industry – Philippine AccreditationBureau10. Maria Linda G. Buhat, President, Association ofNursing Service Administrators of the Philippines, Inc.11. Bernardino A. Vicente, MD, FPPA, MHA, CESOIV, President, Philippine Tripartite Accreditation forHealth Facilities, Inc.12. Atty. Bu C. Castro, MD, Board Member, PhilippineHospital Association13. Cristina Lagao-Caalim, RN, MAN, MHA, ImmediatePast President and Board of Trustee, Philippine Societyfor Quality in Healthcare, Inc.14. Manuel E. Villegas Jr., MD, Vice Treasurer and Board ofTrustee, Philippine Society for Quality in Healthcare,Inc.15. Michelle A. Arban, Treasurer and Board of Trustee,Philippine Society for Quality in Healthcare, Inc.16. Joselito R. Chavez, MD, FPCP, FPCCP, FACCP,CESE, Deputy Executive Director, Medical Services,National Kidney and Transplant Institute17. Blesilda A. Gutierrez, CPA, MBA, Deputy ExecutiveDirector, Administrative Services, National Kidney andTransplant Institute18. Eulalia C. Magpusao, MD, Associate Director, Qualityand Patient Safety, St. Luke’s Medical Centre GlobalCity19. Clemencia D. Bondoc, MD, Auditor, Association ofMunicipal Health Officers of the Philippines20. Jesus Randy O. Cañal, MD, FPSO-HNS, AssociateDirector, Medical and Regulatory Affairs, Asian Hospitaland Medical Center21. Maria Fatima Garcia-Lorenzo, President, PhilippineAlliance of Patient Organizations22. Leilanie A. Nicodemus, MD, Board of Directors,Philippine Academy of Family Physicians23. Policarpio B. Joves Jr., MD, President, PhilippineAcademy of Family Physicians24. Kristel Faye Roderos, Faculty, College of Allied MedicalProfessions, University of the Philippines Manila25. Ana Melissa Hilvano-Cabungcal, MD, AssistantAssociate Dean, College of Medicine, University of thePhilippines Manila26. Christopher Malorre Calaquian, MD, Faculty, Collegeof Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila27. Emerito Jose C. Faraon, MD, Faculty, College ofPublic Health, University of the Philippines Manila 28. Carmelita Canila, Faculty, College of Public Health,University of the Philippines Manila29. Oscar D. Tinio, MD, Representative, Philippine MedicalAssociation30. Farrah Rocamora, Member, Philippine Society forQuality in Healthcare, IncRTD: RA 11036 (Mental Health Act):Addressing Mental Health Needs ofOverseas Filipino Workers1. Hilton Y. Lam, MHA, PhD, Chair, University of thePhilippines Manila Health Policy Development Hub;Director, Institute of Health Policy and DevelopmentStudies, University of the Philippines Manila2. Leonardo R. Estacio, Jr., MCD, MPH, PhD, UPManila Health Policy Development Hub; College ofArts and Sciences, UP Manila3. Ma. Esmeralda C. Silva, MPAf, MSPPM, PhD, UPManila Health Policy Development Hub; College ofPublic Health, UP Manila4. Michael Antonio F. Mendoza, DDM, UP ManilaHealth Policy Development Hub; College of Dentistry,UP Manila5. Frances Prescilla L. Cuevas, RN, MAN, Director,Essential Non-Communicable Diseases Division,Department of Health6. Maria Teresa D. De los Santos, Workers Education andMonitoring Division, Philippine Overseas EmploymentAdministration7. Andrelyn R. Gregorio, Policy Program and Development Office,Overseas Workers Welfare Administration8. Sally D. Bongalonta, MA, Institute of Family Life &Children Studies, Philippine Women’s University9. Consul Ferdinand P. Flores, Department of ForeignAffairs10. Jerome Alcantara, BLAS OPLE Policy Center andTraining Institute11. Andrea Luisa C. Anolin, Commission on FilipinoOverseas12. Bernard B. Argamosa, MD, DSBPP, National Centerfor Mental Health13. Agnes Joy L. Casino, MD, DSBPP, National Centerfor Mental Health14. Ryan Roberto E. Delos Reyes, Employment Promotionand Workers Welfare Division, Department of Laborand Employment15. Sheralee Bondad, Legal and International AffairsCluster, Department of Labor and Employment16. Rhodora A. Abano, Center for Migrant Advocacy17. Nina Evita Q. Guzman, Ugnayan at Tulong para saMaralitang Pamilya (UGAT) Foundation, Inc.18. Katrina S. Ching, Ugnayan at Tulong para sa MaralitangPamilya (UGAT) Foundation, Inc.RTD: (Bitter) Sweet Smile of Filipinos1. Dr. Hilton Y. Lam, Institute of Health Policy andDevelopment Studies, NIH2. Dr. Leonardo R. Estacio, Jr., College of Arts andSciences, UP Manila3. Dr. Ma. Esmeralda C. Silva, College of Public Health,UP Manila4. Dr. Michael Antonio F. Mendoza, College of Dentistry,UP Manila5. Dr. Ma. Susan T. Yanga-Mabunga, Department ofHealth Policy & Administration, UP Manila6. Dr. Danilo L. Magtanong, College of Dentistry, UPManila7. Dr. Alvin Munoz Laxamana, Philippine DentalAssociation8. Dr. Fina Lopez, Philippine Pediatric Dental Society, Inc9. Dr. Artemio Licos, Jr.,Department of Health NationalAssociation of Dentists10. Dr. Maria Jona D. Godoy, Professional RegulationCommission11. Ms. Anna Liza De Leon, Philippine Health InsuranceCorporation12. Ms. Nicole Sigmuend, GIZ Fit for School13. Ms. Lita Orbillo, Disease Prevention and Control Bureau14. Mr. Raymond Oxcena Akap sa Bata Philippines15. Dr. Jessica Rebueno-Santos, Department of CommunityDentistry, UP Manila16. Ms. Maria Olivine M. Contreras, Bureau of LocalGovernment Supervision, DILG17. Ms. Janel Christine Mendoza, Philippine DentalStudents Association18. Mr. Eric Raymund Yu, UP College of DentistryStudent Council19. Dr. Joy Memorando, Philippine Pediatric Society20. Dr. Sharon Alvarez, Philippine Association of DentalColleges

Rib Fractures are a common injury in trauma patients and affect 10% of all injured patients who require admission to the hospital. Currently, there is no consensus on the most efficacious treatment for rib fractures with the debate comparing non-surgical versus surgical management. Medical management of rib fractures often requires admission to the intensive care unit with a focus on pain control to allow good pulmonary hygiene. Pain control involved a multimodal approach with current techniques including epidural anesthesia and paravertebral blocks. Although many patients recover with medical management alone, some patients may benefit from surgical stabilization of rib fractures as a means of augmenting pain control. Flail chest is the most evidence-based indication for surgical stabilization of rib fractures SSRF with many studies showing decreased days on mechanical ventilation, risk of pneumonia, intensive care unit length of stay, and hospital length of stay. Additionally, in patients with non-flail chest and ventilator dependent respiratory failure, surgical stabilization of rib fractures may provide an advantage over medical management for pain control. There are relatively few contraindications and complications associated with surgical stabilization of rib fractures. Therefore, with proper patient selection, surgical stabilization of rib fractures can improve outcomes in patients with rib fractures. Medical management with or without surgical intervention requires a multidisciplinary approach to prevent adverse clinical outcomes. Keywords: Surgical stabilization of rib fractures, rib plating, rib fracture, flail chest, non-flail chest Article Details How to Cite RAFFA, Taylor et al. Surgical Stabilization of Rib Fractures: A Review of the Indications, Technique, and Outcomes. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 11, nov. 2023. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/4694>. 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