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CHUMBURIDZE, Tea. "Health Care Challenges faced by Native American Nations: Obesity and Diabetes". Journal in Humanities 10, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2022): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/hum.v10i2.452.
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The article aims to discuss and analyze one of the serious challenges faced by Native American Nations across the United States.On the example of the largest Native American ethnic group – Navajo Nation. The article states the problem of high rates of overweightand obesity, Type 2 diabetes that create serious public health concerns for the Navajo Nation. It has more than 300,000 enrolledmembers in 110 chapters spread across 27,000 square miles in northeastern Arizona, New Mexico and Utah. The Indian HealthService estimates that 25,000 members of the Navajo have Type 2 diabetes and 75,000 are pre-diabetic.Keywords: Diabetes, Navajo Nation, obesity, historical trauma, health
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Léchot, Bernard. "Navajo Nation". Le Regard Libre N° 101, n.º 10 (14 de noviembre de 2023): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/regli.101.0044.
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Siddons, Louise. "Seeing the four sacred mountains: Mapping, landscape and Navajo sovereignty". European Journal of American Culture 39, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2020): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00011_1.
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In 1968, photographer Laura Gilpin published The Enduring Navaho, which intentionally juxtaposes colonialist cartography with an immersive understanding of landscape. This article situates Gilpin’s project within the broader historical trajectory of traditional Navajo spatial imaginaries, including the work of contemporary Navajo artist Will Wilson. Euramerican settler-colonist maps of the Navajo Nation at mid-century were tools for Native displacement, revealing the transnational dilemma of the Navajo people. Their twentieth-century history was one of continual negotiation; on a pragmatic level, it often entailed the cultivation and education of Euramerican allies such as Gilpin. For her, landscape photography offered an alternative indexical authority to colonial maps, and thus had the potential to redefine Navajo space in the Euramerican imagination ‐ in terms that were closely aligned with Navajo ideology. Without escaping the contradictions inherent in her postcolonial situation, Gilpin sought a political space for Navajo epistemology, and thus for Navajo sovereignty.
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Romine, Peter. "Promoting clean energy in the Navajo nation". Open Access Government 43, n.º 1 (10 de julio de 2024): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-11532.
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Promoting clean energy in the Navajo nation University President Elmer Guy examines the vital role of educational institutions like Navajo Technical University in empowering communities and supporting their efforts to achieve clean energy development goals. The Navajo Nation encompasses more than 25,000 square miles of desert and scrubland in the southwestern US. The Navajo People, or Diné as they refer to themselves, have long advocated for self-determination. Through the Navajo Technical University (NTU), the Navajo community has the ability to educate its youth in line with its traditions, cultures, and beliefs. However, the lack of Navajo engineering faculty results in a scarcity of role models for engineering students.
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Denetclaw, Wilfred F., Zara K. Otto, Samantha Christie, Estrella Allen, Maria Cruz, Kassandra A. Potter y Kala M. Mehta. "Diné Navajo Resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 8 (4 de agosto de 2022): e0272089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272089.
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Objective To date, there are no studies of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the Navajo Nation, US. The primary objective of this manuscript is to understand whether counties with a higher proportion of Navajo (Diné) population also had higher cases and deaths of COVID-19 and whether these dropped with vaccination. Method We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of county level data from March 16, 2020—May 11, 2021. Data were obtained from public repositories and the US Census for the Navajo Nation, including northeastern Arizona, southeastern Utah, and northwestern New Mexico. The primary outcome measure is the number of individuals with confirmed cases or deaths of COVID-19. A secondary outcome was COVID-19 vaccinations. Results The 11 counties in Navajo Nation have a wide variation in the percent Navajo population, the resources available (ICU beds and occupancy), and COVID-19 outcomes. Overall, there was a substantial increase in the number of cases from March 16 –July 16, 2020 (the height of the pandemic) with a doubling time of 10.12 days on Navajo Nation. The percent Navajo population was a strong predictor of COVID-19 cases and deaths per million population. COVID-19 vaccinations were inversely associated with COVID-19 cases and deaths in these counties. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic on the Navajo Nation is a story of resilience. Navajo Nation was one of the hardest hit areas of the United States, with peak cases and deaths due to COVID-19. With an aggressive vaccination effort, these cases and deaths were strikingly curtailed, showing the resilience of the Navajo (Diné) people.
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George, Carmen, Carolyn Bancroft, Shine Krystal Salt, Cameron S. Curley, Caleigh Curley, Hendrik Dirk de Heer, Del Yazzie, Regina Eddie, Ramona Antone-Nez y Sonya Sunhi Shin. "Changes in food pricing and availability on the Navajo Nation following a 2% tax on unhealthy foods: The Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 9 (2 de septiembre de 2021): e0256683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256683.
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Introduction In 2014, the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act (HDNA) was passed, combining a 2% tax on foods of ‘minimal-to-no-nutritional value’ and waiver of 5% sales tax on healthy foods, the first-ever such tax in the U.S. and globally among a sovereign tribal nation. The aim of this study was to measure changes in pricing and food availability in stores on the Navajo Nation following the implementation of the HDNA. Methods Store observations were conducted in 2013 and 2019 using the Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey-Stores (NEMS-S) adapted for the Navajo Nation. Observations included store location, type, whether healthy foods or HDNA were promoted, and availability and pricing of fresh fruits and vegetables, canned items, beverages, water, snacks and traditional foods. Differences between 2013 and 2019 and by store type and location were tested. Results The matched sample included 71 stores (51 in the Navajo Nation and 20 in border towns). In 2019, fresh produce was available in the majority of Navajo stores, with 71% selling at least 3 types of fruit and 65% selling at least 3 types of vegetables. Compared with border town convenience stores, Navajo convenience stores had greater availability of fresh vegetables and comparable availability of fresh fruit in 2019. The average cost per item of fresh fruit decreased by 13% in Navajo stores (from $0.88 to $0.76) and increased in border stores (from $0.63 to $0.73), resulting in comparable prices in Navajo and border stores in 2019. While more Navajo stores offered mutton, blue corn and wild plants in 2019 compared to 2013, these changes were not statistically significant. Discussion The findings suggest modest improvements in the Navajo store environment and high availability of fruits and vegetables. Navajo stores play an important role in the local food system and provide access to local, healthy foods for individuals living in this rural, tribal community.
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Clément Picos, Eugénie. "Food sovereignty, Diné ontologies: spiritual and political ecology as tools for self-determination". REVISTA CUHSO 30, n.º 1 (23 de julio de 2020): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7770/cuhso-v30n1-art2107.
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This article focuses on the different actors involved in the food sovereignty movement in the Navajo Nation. By first looking at the historical roots of colonization and western dominance over Indigenous lands and their food systems, I try to give some perspective on the actual movement to end colonization and capitalism. Both are seen as linked and are considered obstacles for the self-determination of the Navajos and Indigenous Peoples in general. The different actors involved (farmers, grassroots activists, intellectuals and academics) put forth food sovereignty as a key tool for decolonization. This might include a structural change in their political and economical lives, with interpersonal conflicts and frictions with the tribal government and the federal one. The tensions between the extractive economy, environmentalists and food sovereignty are present in the Navajo nation and impact their communities and the quality of their lives.
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Clément Picos, Eugénie. "Food sovereignty, Diné ontologies: spiritual and political ecology as tools for self-determination". REVISTA CUHSO 30, n.º 1 (23 de julio de 2020): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7770/cuhso.v30i1.2107.
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This article focuses on the different actors involved in the food sovereignty movement in the Navajo Nation. By first looking at the historical roots of colonization and western dominance over Indigenous lands and their food systems, I try to give some perspective on the actual movement to end colonization and capitalism. Both are seen as linked and are considered obstacles for the self-determination of the Navajos and Indigenous Peoples in general. The different actors involved (farmers, grassroots activists, intellectuals and academics) put forth food sovereignty as a key tool for decolonization. This might include a structural change in their political and economical lives, with interpersonal conflicts and frictions with the tribal government and the federal one. The tensions between the extractive economy, environmentalists and food sovereignty are present in the Navajo nation and impact their communities and the quality of their lives.
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Morris, Charles. "Navajo Nation Council Reforms". American Indian Law Review 16, n.º 2 (1991): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20068711.
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Nielsen, Marianne O. y Larry A. Gould. "Developing the interface between the navajo nation police and navajo nation peacemaking". Police Practice and Research 4, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/777308115.
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Nielsen, Marianne y Larry Gould. "Developing the interface between the navajo nation police and navajo nation peacemaking". Police Practice and Research 4, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2003): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614260310001631316.
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Hale, Michelle L. "The Navajo Local Governance Act (LGA): A Help or Hindrance to Grassroots Self-Government?" American Indian Culture and Research Journal 42, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2018): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicrj.42.1.hale.
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The 1998 Navajo Local Governance Act (LGA) expands local control over local matters for the 110 community-governed chapters across the Navajo Nation. The expectation is that decentralized decision-making, planning, program implementation, and funds management may improve effectiveness and efficiency across all levels of Navajo government. This paper examines the viability of this approach to locally governed communities, describes obstacles experienced by aspirant LGA communities that struggle to meet Navajo Nation-established standards in financial management and administration, and argues for continued education and training to help realize local empowerment for the Navajo people.
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Credo, Jonathan, Jaclyn Torkelson, Tommy Rock y Jani C. Ingram. "Quantification of Elemental Contaminants in Unregulated Water across Western Navajo Nation". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n.º 15 (31 de julio de 2019): 2727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152727.
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The geologic profile of the western United States lends itself to naturally elevated levels of arsenic and uranium in groundwater and can be exacerbated by mining enterprises. The Navajo Nation, located in the American Southwest, is the largest contiguous Native American Nation and has over a 100-year legacy of hard rock mining. This study has two objectives, quantify the arsenic and uranium concentrations in water systems in the Arizona and Utah side of the Navajo Nation compared to the New Mexico side and to determine if there are other elements of concern. Between 2014 and 2017, 294 water samples were collected across the Arizona and Utah side of the Navajo Nation and analyzed for 21 elements. Of these, 14 elements had at least one instance of a concentration greater than a national regulatory limit, and six of these (V, Ca, As, Mn, Li, and U) had the highest incidence of exceedances and were of concern to various communities on the Navajo Nation. Our findings are similar to other studies conducted in Arizona and on the Navajo Nation and demonstrate that other elements may be a concern for public health beyond arsenic and uranium.
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Setala, Ashley, Joel Gittelsohn, Kristen Speakman, Jane Oski, Tammy Martin, Regina Moore, Marcella Tohannie y Sara N. Bleich. "Linking farmers to community stores to increase consumption of local produce: a case study of the Navajo Nation". Public Health Nutrition 14, n.º 9 (31 de marzo de 2011): 1658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011000334.
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AbstractObjectiveTo understand the barriers to farmer participation in Farm-to-Table (F2T) programmes and to identify possible solutions to these obstacles.DesignCross-sectional analysis of farmer perspectives on F2T programmes.SettingThree service units on the Navajo Nation (Chinle, Tuba City and Fort Defiance).SubjectsForty-four Navajo farmers.ResultsMost participants reported that farming on the Navajo Nation is getting harder (61 %) but that it is very important to maintain Navajo farming traditions (98 %). A modest number of farmers (43 %) expressed interest in participating in an F2T programme. All farmers reported that childhood obesity was a very serious or serious problem in the Navajo Nation. The farmers expressed support for an F2T programme if key barriers to farming, including water access and pest control, could be addressed. Key barriers to participation identified included lack of fruits and vegetables to sell, sale price of crops and lack of certification of produce by the US Food and Drug Administration.ConclusionsNavajo farmers are aware of the burden of childhood obesity on the Navajo Nation and feel that an F2T programme could be beneficial. To successfully implement a Farm-to-Table programme, the barriers to participation identified will need to be addressed.
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YONK, RYAN M., SIERRA HOFFER y DEVIN STEIN. "DISINCENTIVES TO BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ON THE NAVAJO NATION". Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 22, n.º 02 (junio de 2017): 1750012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946717500121.
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In this paper, we explore the underdevelopment of the business sector on the Navajo reservation. We explore why the Navajo reservation continues to be economically depressed and find that formal and informal institutions unique to the reservation create barriers that disincentivize entrepreneurship. Our examination begins by first conducting a literature review on general barriers to entrepreneurship. Second, we conduct an institutional analysis of the Navajo reservation to understand how formal and informal institutions affect potential entrepreneurs. We then use a comparative case study to analyze how the Navajo reservation’s institutions affect one town on the reservation compared to a similar town outside the reservation’s borders. We conclude there are three main barriers that discourage entrepreneurship. First, a dual bureaucracy and a complicated business license application process disincentivize new business development in the formal economy. Second, the federally held reservation land trust limits how entrepreneurs can access and develop land. Third, the Navajo reservation lacks access to lending opportunities, restricting the capital necessary to start a business. These barriers combine to create a vicious cycle of underdevelopment and poverty.
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Carder, Susan. "Bashas' Diné Markets and the Navajo Nation: A Study of Cross-Cultural Trade". American Indian Culture and Research Journal 39, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2015): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.39.1.j302n85587g11465.
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The Navajo Nation occupies more than 27,000 square miles in the Four Corners region of Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. Population is widely dispersed. The Navajo (Diné) People are isolated both culturally and physically from the mainstream population of the region. Unemployment rates consistently exceed 20 percent and nearly 40 percent of the population lives below the poverty line. In this unlikely setting a retail chain of supermarkets, Bashas' Diné Markets, is thriving. This study analyzes cross-cultural trade practices on the Navajo Nation from the early traders to today's supermarkets and the positive impact the Diné Markets have had on the Navajo Nation. The study also looks at the potential for the Diné Markets to serve as a model for niche marketing to similar cultural clusters.
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Webster, Anthony K. "“Plaza ‘góó and before he can respond…”". Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 18, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2008): 511–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.18.3.08web.
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This article suggests that much of the use of the Navajo language in contemporary Navajo written poetry, especially English dominant poetry, serves as an icon of proper Navajo usage. It is a purist view of the Navajo language. Navajo poetry is implicated, even if tacitly, in a discourse of linguistic purism that is tied to an oppositional linguistic ideology that sees Navajo and English as discrete and distinct “objects.” Navajo poetry erases the contemporary sociolinguistic diversity - including bilingual Navajo - on the Navajo Nation. And in so doing, it closes off parts of Navajo sociolinguistic realities and in its stead creates an imagined Navajo language community.
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Bixby, Donald E. "Navajo-Churro Sheep Come Home to the Navajo Nation". Culture Agriculture 26, n.º 1-2 (marzo de 2004): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cag.2004.26.1-2.102.
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Jacobsen-Bia, Kristina. "Radmilla’s Voice: Music Genre, Blood Quantum, and Belonging on the Navajo Nation". Cultural Anthropology 29, n.º 2 (19 de mayo de 2014): 385–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca29.2.11.
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In this article, I examine race, sound, and belonging through an analysis of the first Navajo/African American Miss Navajo Nation, Radmilla Cody. Cody, a professional singer and a Navajo citizen, has been a polarizing public figure in Navajo communities since her crowning in 1997. Utilizing a mixed methodology of participant observation, sound recordings, and press releases, I probe how sound and voice inform a politics of indigeneity in today’s Navajo Nation (Diné Bikéyah). Focusing on black/Native parentage and how sound serves as an additional form of marking, I foreground how voice, musical genre, and blood quantum inform public opinion about social authenticity and about who belongs as a Diné citizen. My larger contention becomes that both poetics and politics matter, albeit in differing ways and on divergent scales.
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Billey, Wayant, Justin Platero, Joshua Platero, Makeiyla Begay, Katelyn Wilson, Dallen Plummer, Michael Nelwood, Khaled Abdelazim y Thiagarajan Soundappan. "Monitoring Water Quality in Navajo Nation Using Paper-Based Electrochemical Sensors". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, n.º 64 (22 de noviembre de 2024): 4271. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02644271mtgabs.
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The NSF-Prem research collaborative effort between Navajo Technical University and Harvard University aims to address the critical issue of water contamination within the Navajo Nation. Through decades of uranium mining and mineral extraction has left a lasting mark on the Navajo land and groundwater resources, necessitating effective solutions. The Nana Electrochemical Analysis and Energy Storage Laboratory (NEST LAB) at NTU has developed flexible paper-based integrated with advance electrochemical techniques to detect heavy metal concentrations in water samples. These sensors are printed out of a wax printer on chromatography paper, and we manually coat eighteen sensors per sheet with carbon conductive paste to offer a cost-effective, easy to fabricate, and highly reliable, offering real-time monitoring capabilities. The project is new, and the core goal is to expedite water quality analysis and empower the Navajo community to detect potential contamination promptly. We have not yet distributed these sensors to the community to acquire hard data, but we are expecting in the future to distribute them to local chapter houses, so that residents can independently assess groundwater quality, foster a sense of ownership and proactive environmental stewardship. This partnership exemplifies the power of community-driven solutions and trains Navajo students to get involved in scientific innovations to safeguard the environment for future generations in the Navajo Nation. Fund Support: NSF-PREM DMR-2122195 USDA-NIFA-2024-38424-41474
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Pete, Dornell, Amanda I. Phipps, Nina R. Salama, Johanna W. Lampe y Michael C. Wu. "Abstract 5863: The ABID (Assessing the gut microbiota and Individual Diet) Study in the Navajo Nation". Cancer Research 82, n.º 12_Supplement (15 de junio de 2022): 5863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5863.
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Abstract A substantial burden of stomach cancer continues to be observed in American Indians (AI) in the Southwestern United States. The Navajo Nation, the largest tribe in the Southwest, is experiencing higher incidence of stomach cancer compared to the general population in the region, possibly due to high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and other contributing factors, like diet. To learn about factors linked to stomach cancer, we initiated a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence, virulence, and dietary correlates of H. pylori infection among Navajo adults. We hypothesized that H. pylori infections, particularly with the virulent cagA gene, would be highly prevalent in Navajo adults compared to other non-AI populations, and that diets high in salt, processed meats, and low in vegetables would be associated with prevalent H. pylori infection. Study recruitment occurred from January to October 2021 in two geographic areas of the Navajo Nation. Participants were recruited using online and offline platforms, including social media (Facebook, Instagram), study website (www.theabidstudy.com), newspapers, flyers, word of mouth, and community outreach events. Eligible, consenting study participants provided a stool sample, which was analyzed by droplet digital PCR assays for H. pylori 16S gene detection and cagA virulence gene typing. Participants also provided health and food information through two questionnaires.Preliminary data indicate that prevalence of H. pylori is high in the included regions of the Navajo Nation. The H. pylori prevalence (51.5%, 95% CI: 38.9-64.0) in this study is higher than the prevalence in the US population (35%). Moreover, the cagA virulence gene prevalence in the Navajo with H. pylori was 55.9% (95% CI: 37.9-72.8), which is comparable to the US prevalence of 50%. These early results point to a need of developing prevention strategies to reduce H. pylori infection in the Navajo Nation. Citation Format: Dornell Pete, Amanda I. Phipps, Nina R. Salama, Johanna W. Lampe, Michael C. Wu. The ABID (Assessing the gut microbiota and Individual Diet) Study in the Navajo Nation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5863.
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Billey, Wayant, Justin Platero, Joshua Platero, Makeiyla Begay, Katelyn Wilson, Dallen Plummer, Davina Spencer, Michael Nelwood, Khaled Abdelazim y Thiagarajan Soundappan. "Empowering Navajo Nation's Water Quality Monitoring through State-of-the-Art Paper-Electrochemical Sensors". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, n.º 53 (9 de agosto de 2024): 2854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01532854mtgabs.
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The NSF-PREM research collaborative effort between Navajo Technical University (NTU) and Harvard University aims to address the critical issue of water contamination within the Navajo Nation. Decades of uranium mining and mineral extraction have left a lasting mark on the Navajo land and groundwater resources, necessitating effective solutions. The Nano-electrochemical Analysis and Energy Storage Laboratory (NEST LAB) at NTU has developed flexible paper-based sensors integrated with advanced electrochemical techniques to detect heavy metal concentrations in water samples. These sensors are cost-effective, easy to fabricate, and highly reliable, offering real-time monitoring capabilities. The projects core goal is to expedite water quality analysis and empower the Navajo community to detect potential contamination promptly. By distributing these sensors to local chapter houses, residents can independently assess groundwater quality, fostering a sense of ownership and proactive environmental stewardship. This partnership exemplifies the power of community-driven solutions and trains Navajo students to get involved in scientific innovation to safeguard the environment for future generations in the Navajo Nation.
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Wallace, Ryan T., Michael Murri, Lori McCoy, Esteban Peralta, Jeff H. Pettey y Craig J. Chaya. "Patterns of Blindness in the Navajo Nation: A 9-Year Study". Vision 6, n.º 3 (11 de julio de 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision6030043.
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The Navajo Nation is the largest Native American reservation by area and citizenship. The study sought to provide the first large-scale examination of ocular pathology within this population. A retrospective review of all Navajo patients seen at Moran Eye Center Navajo Nation Outreach Clinics from 2013 to 2021 for demographics, visual acuity, refractive, and eye pressure data was undergone. Further variables included comorbidity and eye diagnoses among patients at these clinics. Results: First-time patient visits totaled 2251 from 2013 to 2021. The median age was 53 (range, 18 to 92), and clinics had a predominance of female patients (1387:864). Among patients presenting without glasses, 20.67% (198/958), 9.71% (93/958), and 3.13% (30/958) had mild visual impairment (VI), moderate to severe VI, and blindness, respectively. Cataracts were the most common cause of blindness in these patients (40%, 12/30) and the need for glasses was the second most common cause (33%, 10/30). From 2016 to 2021, 17.71% (48/271) of diabetic patients were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Within the subset of Navajo patients that presented without any correction, 73% of bilateral blindness was preventable via glasses prescription or cataract surgery. This study comments on questions of equitable care for Navajo patients.
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Delany-Barmann, Gloria, Greg Prater y Sam Minner. "Preparing Native American Special Education Teachers: Lessons Learned from the Rural Special Education Project". Rural Special Education Quarterly 16, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1997): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875687059701600403.
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Twelve Navajo preservice teachers in the Rural Special Education Project on the Navajo Nation in Kayenta, Arizona, shared their perceptions regarding the factors which enabled them and constrained them as they completed a special education teacher preparation program. Several themes emerged during the process of interviewing the students including the importance of cultural teachings and family support; the influence of language factors, financial constraints, and cultural responsibilities; and the lack of availability of educational opportunities on the Navajo Nation. Each of these factors is discussed in this article and recommendations are made for others interested in establishing successful teacher preparation programs for Native American students.
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Pardilla, Marla, Divya Prasad, Sonali Suratkar y Joel Gittelsohn. "High levels of household food insecurity on the Navajo Nation". Public Health Nutrition 17, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2013): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012005630.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess levels of and identify factors associated with food insecurity on the Navajo Nation.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing the ten-item Radimer/Cornell food insecurity instrument. Sociodemographic, psychosocial and anthropometric data were collected.SettingNavajo Nation, USA.SubjectsTwo hundred and seventy-six members of the Navajo Nation were randomly selected at food stores and other community locations.ResultsOf the sample, 76·7 % had some level of food insecurity. Less education (mean years of schooling: P = 0·0001; non-completion of higher education: P = 0·0003), lower full-time employment rates (P = 0·01), and lower material style of life (P = 0·0001), food knowledge (P = 0·001) and healthy eating self-efficacy (P < 0·0001) scores were all positively associated with food insecurity. Perceived expensiveness (P < 0·0001) and perceived inconvenience (P = 0·0001) of healthy choices were also positively associated with food insecurity.ConclusionsFood insecurity rates on the Navajo Nation are the highest reported to date in the USA and are likely attributable to the extremely high rates of poverty and unemployment. Reducing food insecurity on the Navajo Nation will require increasing the availability of affordable healthy foods, addressing poverty and unemployment, and providing nutrition programmes to increase demand.
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John, Brianna, Sean O. Etsitty, Alex Greenfeld, Robert Alsburg, Malyssa Egge, Sharon Sandman, Carmen George et al. "Navajo Nation Stores Show Resilience During COVID-19 Pandemic". Health Promotion Practice 23, n.º 1_suppl (noviembre de 2022): 86S—95S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15248399221118393.
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On April 8, 2020, the Navajo Nation issued an administrative order limiting business operations. Facing high coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rates and limited food infrastructure, a survey was conducted among Navajo Nation store managers to assess: (1) COVID-19 adaptations; (2) challenges; (3) changes in customer volume and purchasing; and (4) suggestions for additional support. Purposive sampling identified 29 stores in Navajo communities. Representatives from 20 stores (19 store managers/owners, 1 other; 7 grocery, and 13 convenience/other stores) were interviewed by phone or in-person to reach saturation (new information threshold < 5%). Responses were coded using frequencies and inductive thematic analysis. All 20 stores implemented COVID-19 guidelines (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]/Navajo Nation) and most received orientation/support from local chapters, community organizations, or health centers. Stores implemented staff policies (50%, handwashing, vaccinations, protective personal equipment (PPE), sick leave, temperature checks), environmental changes (50%, hand sanitizer, checkout dividers), customer protocols (40%, limit customers, mask requirements, closed restrooms), and deep cleaning (40%). Most stores (65%) reported challenges including stress/anxiety, changing guidelines, supply chain and customer compliance; 30% reported infection or loss of staff. Weekday customer volume was slightly higher vs. pre-COVID, but weekend lower. Stores reported consistent or more healthy food purchases (50%), more nonfood essentials (20%), or shelf-stable foods (10%). Desired support included further orientation (30%), leadership support (20%), overtime/time to learn guidelines (20%), and signage/handouts (15%). Despite a high COVID-19 burden and limited food store infrastructure, Navajo Nation stores adapted by implementing staff, environmental and customer policies. Local support, staffing, and small store offerings were key factors in healthy food access.
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Holden, Livia. ":Navajo Nation Peacemaking: Living Traditional Justice". PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 30, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2007): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/pol.2007.30.2.352.
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OLSEN, HERM. "Navajo Nation Peacemaking: Living Traditional Justice". Utah Historical Quarterly 74, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2006): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45063007.
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Einbender, LeGrand y D. B. Wood. "Social Forestry in the Navajo Nation". Journal of Forestry 89, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1991): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/89.1.12.
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Pete, D., AI Phipps, NR Salama, JW Lampe y MC Wu. "Assessing Helicobacter Pylori Infections Among Adults From the Navajo Nation". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 2023): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0359.
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A substantial burden of stomach cancer continues to be observed in American Indians in the United States (US). The Navajo Nation, the largest American Indian tribe in the Southwestern US, is experiencing a higher incidence of stomach cancer compared to the general population in the region, possibly due to the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, an infectious pathogen that colonizes the stomach and is a major risk factor for stomach cancer. To assess the prevalence, virulence, and risk factors for H. pylori infection in Navajo adults, we initiated a cross-sectional study in two geographic areas of the Navajo Nation. Study recruitment occurred from January to October 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were recruited using online and offline platforms, including social media, a study website, newspaper advertisements, flyers, word of mouth, and community outreach. Demographic, health, behavioral, environmental, and diet factors were assessed from health and food frequency questionnaires. H. pylori infection and cagA virulence were detected from stool samples by droplet digital PCR. Of 99 participants recruited, 56.6% (95% CI: 46.2–66.5) of participants were infected with H. pylori and, among H. pylori-infected participants, 78.6% (95% CI: 65.6–88.4) were infected with a cagA-positive H. pylori strain. Having a history of H. pylori infection was inversely associated with H. pylori infection (OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01–0.34, P = 0.005), and using Navajo herbal medicine once a month was positively associated with H. pylori infection (OR = 7.28, 95% CI: 1.40–61.12, P = 0.03). No significant associations were observed with other risk factors (e.g., older age, males, lower education levels, smoking, alcohol use, and high sodium intake). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was two times higher in adults in the Navajo ABID study compared to the US population (27% seroprevalence), and the prevalence of the cagA gene in H. pylori-infected participants was four times higher than the US population cagA gene prevalence in White people (19% seroprevalence). These findings provide a greater understanding of the burden of H. pylori and cagA-positive infections and can inform prevention strategies to reduce H. pylori infections in the Navajo Nat.
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Begay, Makeiyla, Katelyn Wilson, Justin Platero, Joshua Platero, Dallen Plummer, Wayant Billey y Thiagarajan Soundappan. "Advancements in Paper-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Cancer Biomarker Detection". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, n.º 67 (22 de noviembre de 2024): 4762. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02674762mtgabs.
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Cancer is currently the third leading cause of death among the people of the Navajo Nation and is the most common cause of death worldwide. American Indians are often diagnosed when cancer has reached the advanced stages compared to other communities. Major contributors for the cancer inside the Navajo Nation is the exposure to uranium, other heavy metals, and radon gas. In the Navajo Nation, uranium mining boomed from 1944 to 1986; decades later, uranium tailings and toxic waste from the milling process have caused an increased rate of cancer in the Navajo Nation. Further cancer detection and monitoring remain critical challenges in healthcare. This research explores the fabrication of paper-based electrochemical sensors modified with nanoparticles and antigens at the Nanoelectrochemical Analysis and Energy Storage Laboratory (NEST LAB) at Navajo Technical University (NTU) for the sensitive and selective detection of cancer biomarkers. These electrochemical sensors harness the unique qualities of paper, such as low cost and ease of fabrication, combined with the specific binding capabilities of nanoparticles and antigens. Modifying paper electrode surfaces enhances sensitivity and selectivity, making these sensors a cost-effective and portable option for early cancer detection. In contrast to traditional methods like imaging and biopsies, electrochemical sensors are low-cost, offer minimally invasive screening, high sensitivity, and affordability, making them valuable tools in the early diagnosis and management of cancer. These sensors' accessibility and potential to detect cancer at its earliest stages can significantly improve patient outcomes, particularly in resource-limited areas such as Native American reservations. Keywords: Cancer biomarkers, paper-based electrochemical sensors, nanoparticle modification, antigen modification, early detection, point-of-care diagnostics, cost-effective healthcare.
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Begay, Makeiyla, Katelyn Wilson, Justin Platero, Joshua Platero, Dallen Plummer, Wayant Billey, Davina Spencer y Thiagarajan Soundappan. "Paper-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Cancer Biomarkers Detection". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, n.º 53 (9 de agosto de 2024): 2871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01532871mtgabs.
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Cancer is currently the third leading cause of death among the people of the Navajo Nation and is the most common cause of death worldwide. American Indians are often diagnosed when cancer has reached the advanced stages compared to other communities. Major contributors for the cancer inside the Navajo Nation is the exposure to uranium, other heavy metals, and radon gas. In the Navajo Nation, uranium mining boomed from 1944 to 1986; decades later, uranium tailings and toxic waste from the milling process have caused an increased rate of cancer in the Navajo Nation. Further cancer detection and monitoring remain critical challenges in healthcare. This research explores the fabrication of paper-based electrochemical sensors modified with nanoparticles and antigens at the Nanoelectrochemical Analysis and Energy Storage Laboratory (NEST LAB) at Navajo Technical University (NTU) for the sensitive and selective detection of cancer biomarkers. These electrochemical sensors harness the unique qualities of paper, such as low cost and ease of fabrication, combined with the specific binding capabilities of nanoparticles and antigens. Modifying paper electrode surfaces enhances sensitivity and selectivity, making these sensors a cost-effective and portable option for early cancer detection. In contrast to traditional methods like imaging and biopsies, electrochemical sensors are low-cost, offer minimally invasive screening, high sensitivity, and affordability, making them valuable tools in the early diagnosis and management of cancer. These sensors'accessibility and potential to detect cancer at its earliest stages can significantly improve patient outcomes, particularly in resource-limited areas such as Native American reservations. Keywords: Cancer biomarkers, paper-based electrochemical sensors, nanoparticle modification, antigen modification, early detection, point-of-care diagnostics, cost-effective healthcare.
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Platero, Justin, Thiagarajan Soundappan, Khaled Abdelazim, Michael Nelwood, Katelyn Wilson, Makeiyla Begay, Jasmine Charley y Samantha Francis. "Design and Fabrication of Flexible Paper-Based, Electrochemical Sensors to Detect the Presence of Heavy Metals in Ground Water". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, n.º 55 (28 de agosto de 2023): 2711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01552711mtgabs.
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The history of mining and mineral extraction across the Navajo Nation has resulted in considerable contamination of the land and the groundwater resources, which is a significant environmental concern. Through a partnership between Navajo Technical University and Harvard University, we have designed and fabricated flexible, paper-based sensors in tandem with electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and anodic stripping voltammetry to determine heavy metal concentrations in test samples. We have selected to fabricate paper-based electrochemical sensors because; they are low-cost, easy to make, environmentally friendly, and can be deployed for field testing across the Navajo Nation. Furthermore, the linear electrochemical response and sensitivity of these electrodes, for detecting heavy metals, makes them well suited for real-time sensors in field-testing applications.
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Powell, Dana E. "The rainbow is our sovereignty: Rethinking the politics of energy on the Navajo Nation". Journal of Political Ecology 22, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v22i1.21078.
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This article offers a political-ecological reflection on Navajo (Diné) sovereignty, emphasizing lived and territorial interpretations of sovereignty, expanding our standard, juridical-legal notions of sovereignty that dominate public discourse on tribal economic and energy development. Operating from a critical analysis of settler colonialism, I suggest that alternative understandings of sovereignty – as expressed by Diné tribal members in a range of expressive practices – open new possibilities for thinking about how sovereign futures might be literally constructed through specific energy infrastructures. The article follows the controversy surrounding a proposed coal fired power plant known as Desert Rock, placing the phantom project in a longer, enduring history of struggle over energy extraction on Navajo land in order to illuminate this contested future. Broadly, these re-significations of sovereignty point toward a distinct modality of environmental action that suggests other kinds of relationships are at stake, challenging assumptions made by adversaries and allies alike that the politics of protesting (in this case) coal technologies is a practice with self-evident ethics. To intervene in these broad debates, I propose that there are multiple landscapes of power shaping Navajo territory, which must be brought into the ongoing, urgent debates over how the Navajo Nation might develop a more sustainable energy policy for the future.Keywords: political ecology, sovereignty, Navajo, environmentalism, ethics, territory, practice, sustainability, landscapes of power
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Pete, Dornell, Nina R. Salama, Johanna W. Lampe, Michael C. Wu y Amanda I. Phipps. "Abstract 3944: Addressing stomach cancer disparities by assessing Helicobacter pylori infections among American Indian adults from the Navajo Nation". Cancer Research 84, n.º 6_Supplement (22 de marzo de 2024): 3944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-3944.
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Abstract Background. The Navajo Nation, the largest tribe in the United States (US), is experiencing a high burden of stomach cancer, possibly due to a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Hp is a major risk factor for stomach cancer and Hp strains that carry the cagA-gene are linked to greater gastrointestinal disease severity. Yet little research has investigated the prevalence and correlates of Hp and cagA infection in Navajo people. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of Hp infection and cagA-gene carriage in adult tribal members residing in the Navajo Nation. Methods and Material. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in the Navajo Nation in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were recruited using online and offline platforms, including social media, a study website, newspaper advertisements, flyers, word of mouth, and community outreach. Stool samples collected from participants were analyzed with droplet digital PCR for Hp 16S and cagA virulence genes. Demographic characteristics, health, and dietary factors were collected from self-administered health and food questionnaires sent via mail. Results. Of 99 participants, half (49.5%) were 18-44 years old and 73.7% were female. About sixty percent (57.7%, 95% CI: 47.6-67.3) of participants were infected with Hp, twice the US population prevalence (27%). Among Hp-infected participants, 76.7% (95% CI: 64.0-86.6) were cagA-gene positive, four times the cagA gene prevalence in White people (19%). Controlling for age and sex, monthly use of Navajo herbal medicines was positively associated with Hp infection (OR=3.73, 95% CI: 1.05-17.87). No significant associations with Hp and cagA-gene were observed with other risk factors such as older age, males, lower education, and high sodium intake. Conclusion. A substantial proportion of Navajo adults in our study had Hp and cagA-positive infections. Given studies showing the antibacterial activity of Indigenous herbal medicines, monthly use of Navajo herbal medicines was an unexpected risk factor for Hp infection. This observation may be due to reverse causality, where participants with gastrointestinal conditions used Navajo herbal medicines for gastrointestinal symptom relief, particularly when participants had limited access to healthcare services due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Possible environmental transmission of Hp in the preparation of herbal medicines (i.e., water source, utensils) could be another source of exposure. Given the high burden of Hp and cagA-positive infections, culturally tailored health education strategies and interventions addressing these infections present an opportunity for research and cancer prevention among Navajo adults. Citation Format: Dornell Pete, Nina R. Salama, Johanna W. Lampe, Michael C. Wu, Amanda I. Phipps. Addressing stomach cancer disparities by assessing Helicobacter pylori infections among American Indian adults from the Navajo Nation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3944.
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Jordan, Elaine, Laurence French y Phyllis Tempest. "Assessing Navajo Psychological and Educational Needs in New Mexico". Rural Special Education Quarterly 16, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1997): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875687059701600405.
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American Indians have a disproportionately high incidence of social and health problems which impact on education. Further, there are many American Indian tribes that represent a wide range of cultural differences and belief systems. The Navajo Tribe represents the largest concentration of American Indians in the nation. This paper highlights one school district in Western New Mexico, the Gallup McKinley School District (geographically the largest in the U.S. with 73% American Indian, mostly Navajo) and analyzes the overall needs of Navajo Indian children and youth, and their families. The article explores specific Navajo acculturation variables creating culture conflict, problems affecting the community, test results, interpretation issues resulting in inappropriate placement decisions and the profile of the high-risk Navajo child based on research data. It concludes with specific recommendations for interviewing, testing, and counseling.
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Patil, Ayesha, Cole Swiston, Ryan T. Wallace, Chase Paulson, Matthew E. Conley, Lori McCoy, Craig Chaya y Barbara Wirostko. "Exfoliation Syndrome and Exfoliation Glaucoma in the Navajo Nation". Vision 6, n.º 4 (3 de octubre de 2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision6040061.
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(1) Background: Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is a common cause of secondary open angle glaucoma. In 1971, Faulkner et al. estimated the prevalence of XFS among 50 Navajo Nation residents as 38%. Given that XFS can cause irreversible blindness secondary to glaucoma (XFG), this study aims to identify the current prevalence of XFS among Navajo Nation residents within the Four Corners region of the U.S. (2) Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted from 2016 to 2021 for patients aged 18 and older. All patients with XFS or XFG diagnosed by slit lamp exam were identified through chart review. (3) Results: Of the 1152 patient charts available for review, eight patients (11 eyes) were diagnosed with XFS with three patients (4 eyes) demonstrating concomitant XFG. Within this XFS population, 50% of the patients identified as male, with a mean age of 73 years. The overall prevalence of XFS was 0.7% and the overall prevalence of XFG was found to be 0.26%. The rate of XFG among patients with XFS was 37.5%. (4) Conclusion: Compared to Faulkner’s study of Navajo Nation residents in 1971, our findings show a considerably lower prevalence of XFS at 0.7%. We present the largest study to date of XFS among this population.
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Dubiel, Russell Frank, Stephen Tom Hasiotis y Steven Christian Semken. "Hands-On Geology for Navajo Nation Teachers". Journal of Geoscience Education 45, n.º 2 (marzo de 1997): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-45.2.113.
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Kovich, Heather. "Rural Matters — Coronavirus and the Navajo Nation". New England Journal of Medicine 383, n.º 2 (9 de julio de 2020): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp2012114.
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Reisinger, Kim D. y Jacquie D. Ripat. "Assistive Technology Provision Within the Navajo Nation". Qualitative Health Research 24, n.º 11 (21 de agosto de 2014): 1501–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732314546755.
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Reardon, Sara. "Navajo Nation reconsiders ban on genetic research". Nature 550, n.º 7675 (octubre de 2017): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature.2017.22780.
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Platero, Justin, Thiagarajan Soundappan, Khaled Abdelazim, Michael Nelwood, Samantha Francis, Katelyn Wilson, Makeiyla Begay y Jasmine Charley. "Design and Fabrication of Flexible Paper-Based, Electrochemical Sensors to Detect the Presence of Heavy Metals in Ground Water". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, n.º 64 (9 de octubre de 2022): 2406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02642406mtgabs.
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The history of mining and mineral extraction across the Navajo Nation has resulted in considerable contamination of the land and the groundwater resources, which is a significant environmental concern. Through a partnership between Navajo Technical University and Harvard University, we have designed and fabricated flexible, paper-based sensors in tandem with electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and anodic stripping voltammetry to determine heavy metal concentrations in test samples. We have selected to fabricate paper-based electrochemical sensors because; they are low-cost, easy to make, environmentally friendly, and can be deployed for field testing across the Navajo Nation. We have demonstrated that our electrodes have successfully oxidized lead and arsenic oxide using the techniques stated above. The performance of our electrode is comparable to commercially available electrochemical sensors. Furthermore, the linear electrochemical response and sensitivity of our electrodes, for detecting heavy metals, makes them well suited for real-time sensors in field-testing applications.
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Martinez, David G., Oscar Jiménez-Castellanos y Victor H. Begay. "Understanding Navajo K–12 Public School Finance in Arizona through Tribal Critical Theory". Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 121, n.º 5 (mayo de 2019): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811912100506.
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Background/Context Currently, Native American education policy reports and empirical research papers have largely focused on sociocultural challenges to Native sovereignty and the policy that impedes Native sovereign states. This paper deviates from that theme by implicating policy as preventing improvement of educational outcomes by proxy of the fiscal revenue available to reservation schools, focusing specifically on the Navajo Nation. To date, this is the first empirically driven, Native-specific school finance study that attempts to compare how Anglo and Native schools are funded and how the quality and dispersion of this funding affects Native education and outcomes. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This study reports on a longitudinal descriptive analysis of school fiscal revenue (2006–2012), comparing Navajo K–12 school districts against Arizona public school districts. This empirical research paper attempts to answer the following questions: How did Navajo K–12 public school district demographics compare to those of Arizona public school districts from 2006 to 2012? How did Navajo K–12 public school districts perform academically compared to Arizona public school districts from 2006 to 2012? How did Navajo public school district tax rates and assessed property valuation compare to those of Arizona public school districts from 2006 to 2012? How did Navajo public school district revenues compare to those of Arizona public school districts from 2006 to 2012? Research Design This research study is a univariate statistical analysis (i.e., mean, median, standard deviation, range, and percentile) examining general descriptions of individual fiscal revenue variables for schooling. Data Collection and Analysis The data comprised publicly available Arizona Department of Education Excel files (Excel v14.0) merged into one consolidated dataset imported to SPSSv22.0. Our analysis began by selecting Navajo public school districts from our dataset and then comparing them to Arizona public districts (excluding Navajo and nontraditional LEA districts) from 2006 to 2012. Findings/Results This study has two conclusions: (a) There is a clear and growing achievement gap between Navajo and Arizona districts; and (b) Our results seem to suggest that Arizona's equalization formula is not effectively counterbalancing the impact of local property wealth, as shown by the disparities in combined state and local revenue between Navajo K–12 school districts and Arizona districts. Conclusions/Recommendations The findings in this study indicate that Arizona must address policy and practice in order to remedy the educational disparity between Navajo students and their non-Navajo peers. Navajo Nation schools require agency to designate priorities and state funding to meet these priorities.
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Gordon, Paul H., Jason M. Mehal, Andrew S. Rowland, James E. Cheek y Michael L. Bartholomew. "Huntington disease among the Navajo: A population-based study in the Navajo Nation". Neurology 86, n.º 16 (19 de febrero de 2016): 1552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000002486.
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McNally, Michael D. "FROM SUBSTANTIAL BURDEN ON RELIGION TO DIMINISHED SPIRITUAL FULFILLMENT: THE SAN FRANCISCO PEAKS CASE AND THE MISUNDERSTANDING OF NATIVE AMERICAN RELIGION". Journal of Law and Religion 30, n.º 1 (febrero de 2015): 36–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2014.34.
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AbstractIn Navajo Nation v. U.S. Forest Service, 535 F.3d 1058 (9th Cir. 2008), cert. denied, 129 S. Ct. 2763 (2009), the Ninth Circuit seated en banc found that federal approval of a plan by a ski resort to make artificial snow with treated sewage effluent on Arizona's San Francisco Peaks, a mountain massif held sacred by the Navajo, Hopi, and four other claimant tribes, did not violate their religious liberty under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA). The court accepted numerous factual findings about sincere religious exercise, but found federal approval of the scheme did not constitute a “substantial burden” on religion; rather, it only “decreased spiritual fulfillment” of tribal members. Despite a spirited dissent, the Ninth Circuit narrowly interpreted RFRA's language of “substantial burden” by making reference to the Supreme Court's 1988 holding in Lyng v. Northwest Cemetery Protective Association, 485 U.S. 439 (1988). This article shows how conventional wisdom about individualistic, subjective, and protean “spirituality” and in particular about “Native American spirituality” equips the court to denature highly specific and collective religious claims about the mountain by plaintiff tribes, and in turn to naturalize those claims as merely spiritual. Misrecognition of Native religions as Native spirituality then troubles the substantial burden analysis. While Navajo Nation suggests courts may never fully understand Native claims to sacred sites, the Supreme Court's 2014 holding in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, Inc., 134 S. Ct. 2751, 2759 (2014), opens the door to revisiting the interpretive posture spelled out in Navajo Nation, and the Ninth Circuit's interpretive approach to “substantial burden” bears revisiting.
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Bongiovanni, Tasce, Sriram Shamasunder, William Brown, Cristina Rivera Carpenter, Matthew Pantell, Bassem Ghali y James D. Harrison. "Lessons learned from academic medical centers’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic in partnership with the Navajo Nation". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 4 (5 de abril de 2022): e0265945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265945.
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Introduction Structural forces that drive health inequalities are magnified in crises. This was especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic, and minority communities were particularly affected. The University of California San Francisco and Health, Equity, Action, Leadership Initiative jointly sent volunteer teams of nurses and doctors to work in the Navajo Nation during the COVID-19 pandemic. This presented an opportunity to explore how academic medical centers (AMCs) could effectively partner with vulnerable communities to provide support during healthcare crises. Therefore, the aims of this study were to describe volunteers’ perspectives of academic-community partnerships by exploring their personal, professional and societal insights and lessons learned based on their time in the Navajo Nation during COVID-19. Methods We recruited key informants using purposeful sampling of physicians and nurses who volunteered to go to the Navajo Nation during the spring 2020 COVID-19 surge, as well as hospital administrators and leaders involved in organizing the COVID-19 efforts. We used in-depth qualitative interviews to explore key informants’ experiences pre-departure, during their stay, and after their return, as well as perspectives of the partnership between an AMC and the Navajo Nation. We used thematic analysis to systematically identify, analyze and report patterns (themes) within the data. Results In total, 37 clinicians and hospital administrators were interviewed including 14 physicians, 16 nurses, and 7 health system leaders. Overall, we found 4 main themes each with several subthemes that defined the partnership between the AMC and the Navajo Nation. Mission and values incorporated civic duty, community engagement, leadership commitment and employee dedication. Solidarity, trust and humility encompassed pre-existing trust, workforce sustainability, humility and erasure of ‘savior narratives.’ Coordination included logistical coordination, flexibility, selectivity of who and what traveled to the response and coordination around media response. Workforce preparation and support encompassed understanding of historical context and providing healthcare in limited settings, dangers of inadequate preparation and the need for emotional support. Conclusion This study provides guidelines which AMCs might use to develop and improve partnerships they have or would like to develop with vulnerable communities. These guidelines may even be broadly applied to partnerships outside of a pandemic response. Importantly, such partnerships need to be built with trust and with an eye towards sustainability and long-term relationships as opposed to ‘medical missions’.
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Klesert, Anthony L. y Michael J. Andrews. "The Treatment of Human Remains on Navajo Lands". American Antiquity 53, n.º 2 (abril de 1988): 310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281021.
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Recent key federal and tribal legislation often has proved inadequate for dealing with human remains. Because of this the Navajo Nation, in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, has developed a policy establishing a working set of procedures for cultural resource managers and developers to follow in the identification, verification, and ultimate disposition of human remains on Navajo Tribal Trust land. These procedures attempt to address legal and human concerns of next of kin, local residents, the Navajo Tribe as a whole, and the federal government. The policy does not expressly advocate the scientific study of human remains prior to or instead of reburial, but this alternative is allowable under the policy, given the acquisition of appropriate consent. This paper discusses the procedures (formally adopted by Navajo Tribal Resolution) along with suggestions for their modification for use elsewhere and under other circumstances.
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Sanderson, Priscilla R., Fernando Monroy, Heidi Brown y Robin Harris. "Abstract IA008: Weaving university and community-based partnership". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, n.º 12_Supplement (1 de diciembre de 2023): IA008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp23-ia008.
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Abstract Introduction/Background Including Hypothesis/Objectives: University investigators affiliated with the Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention (NACP) and Navajo Nation partners worked together with a goal to estimate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its specific subtypes and factors associated with infection. Methods: This partnership required multiple strategies to promote awareness and individual participation in this study. The team started with tribal resolutions and communication network with local Chapter House officers, Community Health Representatives (CHRs), local Navajo translators, Diné Haatalii Association (Navajo Medicine Man), social network outreach, and community healthcare providers. Results: Our population-based study weaved together various networks with local leaders, social media, and the Navajo Healthy Stomach website. Participant follow-up after testing found that local hospitals were overwhelmed with requests for appointments and immediate treatment. Participants reported side-effects of prescribed medications. The Monroy lab revealed enough biopsies to test for Helicobacter pylori infection. Conclusions: Successful studies must utilize both Navajo Nation Human Research and Review Board approvals with university Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). Local, in-person, radio, and social media-based weaving of culturally sensitive communications develops strong partnerships between university and community-based local people, programs, and hospitals. Future Directions (Opportunities and Challenges): The team continues to study the role of Helicobacter pylori on the gastrointestinal microbiome in the development of gastric disease in infected Navajo patients. Further outreach is ongoing with local community and providers. Funding Support: Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention, U54 NCI grant. Citation Format: Priscilla R. Sanderson, Fernando Monroy, Heidi Brown, Robin Harris. Weaving university and community-based partnership [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA008.
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Rock, Tommy, Ricky Camplain, Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone y Jani C. Ingram. "Traditional Sheep Consumption by Navajo People in Cameron, Arizona". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n.º 21 (30 de octubre de 2019): 4195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214195.
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Over 500 abandoned uranium mines are located on the Navajo Reservation. Different pathways of environmental uranium exposure have been studied with respect to the Navajo people including water, soil, and plants; however, uranium exposure from traditional Navajo food, specifically mutton (sheep), has not been reported. This study focuses on mutton consumption in the small community of Cameron, Arizona, located in the southwestern region of the Navajo Nation and initiated after community members expressed concern with the uranium exposure of their sheep. Preliminary investigation into the presence of uranium in sheep raised near Cameron showed elevated uranium levels in the kidneys the sheep tested. The goal of this study is to investigate mutton consumption among the Navajo living in Cameron. Mutton is a traditional food of the Navajo, but consumption practices are not well documented. An important aspect of determining the extent of exposure through food consumption is to assess the frequency of consumption. The results of this study indicate the Cameron participants consume mutton most commonly at family gatherings or celebrations. The survey suggests that less mutton is consumed now compared to the past, and there is concern that contaminated mutton may change traditional ceremonies.
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Kopera-Frye, Karen, Karen John y Robynn Frank. "A TRADITIONAL HEALING PROGRAM ON THE NAVAJO NATION DURING COVID". Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (diciembre de 2024): 452. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.1469.
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Abstract Tribal Critical Race Theory (TribalCrit) posits three types of knowledge: 1) cultural knowledge or tribal ways including traditions and Indigenous Ways of Knowing (IWOK); 2) knowledge of survival involving how and why change and adaptation can be beneficial to the community; and 3) academic knowledge often referred to as ‘‘book smarts.’’ IWOK and academic knowledge are critical for survival and improving the lives in Native communities. This project can best be thought of as a variation of Community-based participatory Research, or Community-based participatory advocacy. Two Navajo students and a faculty member created a project which would use traditional healing community values to understand how COVID had disrupted cultural ways, including IWOK. A Navajo program, beginning in 2007 called “Restoring and Celebrating Family Wellness (RCFW)” involved an organized tribal summit to hear from community members about their concerns, issues, and priorities via workshop venues called “Open Space”. Beginning in 2008, monthly workshops were held including elder presentations, storytelling, and health concerns addressing community needs of violence prevention and raising balanced children. Due to COVID, the workshops ceased in 2020 when the reservation was locked down. Subsequently, with the vaccines available, the project involved reviving RCFW. The Navajo community had experienced social isolation due to an inability to gather and share daily life experiences. Deaths of elders resulted in the loss of wisdom keeping elders and devastated the community. This revived program was successful in improving well-being and increasing connectedness among the Native community, thus restoring IWOK and demonstrating community resilience.