Tesis sobre el tema "Nanoparticules – Nanocristaux"
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Portal, Laura. "Synthèse et caractérisation structurale de nanocristaux d’oxydes métalliques". Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1446de7f-ad34-4523-a092-42b9d260355c/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4063.pdf.
Texto completoThis work deals with the synthesis and the structural characterization of metallic oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 and TiO2) as well as their size/structure relationships. We elaborated nanoparticles with a size inferior to 5 nm and a narrow size distribution. The syntheses were performed by a non-hydrolytic sol-gel route. The structural study was carried out using several empirical and ab initio simulation methods and X-ray total scattering to extract the pair distribution functions (PDF) of the samples. We succeeded in synthesizing crystalline nanoparticles of ZrO2 and TiO2 with a size of about 3 nm and quasi mono-dispersed. In the case of ZrO2, we showed that the addition of metallic sodium in the reaction environment is a key parameter in order to have crystallized and single-phased nanoparticles with an average tetragonal structure. Various models of nanoclusters (ZrO2)n (with n < 200) were built using methods such as genetic algorithms, molecular dynamics and structural relaxation. Comparing their PDF with the experimental data revealed that: (i) the most energetically stable theoretical configurations are the most disordered, (ii) the stabilization of the surface of the models, obtained by saturation with water molecules, can limit the disorder. This result is more in agreement with the experimental data and emphasizes the importance of the surface of such nanometer-sized objects, (iii) finally, the structure, including core and surface, highly evolves with the size of the particles
Kameche, Farid. "Assemblage dirigé de nanocristaux métalliques". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066305/document.
Texto completoThe fine control of nanoparticles bi-dimensional organization remains a main challenge for magnetic recording applications. Although the current size for a data bit is around a few tens of nanometers, it could be reduced to the nanometer scale simply through using magnetic nanoparticles. Nonetheless, intrinsic parameters of the nanoparticles such as their sizes, shapes and chemical compositions have a direct incidence on their periodic arrangement. Two different chemical routes were used to synthesize 2 nm CoPt and Co33Pt67 nanoalloys. Due to the high chemical disordering of these nanocrystals, the blocking temperature and coercive fields were lower than wished for data storage applications. In order to exhibit a higher chemical ordering, in situ annealing of these nanocrystals was carried out. It has been shown that ordering occurred around 400°C. Plus, size and shape for Co33Pt67 were kept after annealing but not for equiatomic composition. Nevertheless, only poor mesoscopic ordering between nanoparticles is observed, as reported elsewhere. This hurdle could be overcome in using organic molecules able to self-assemble on graphite and forming a porous two-dimensional supramolecular template. Thus, such template was designed and used to demonstrate that 2 nm Pt nanoparticles can locally organize in quasi-hexagonal or monoclinic lattices
Lacour, Frédéric. "Les nanocristaux de silicium : synthèse, propriétés, et applications". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112280.
Texto completoThis work concerns nanosciences thematic and deals with the synthesis and the photoluminescence (PL) properties of silicon nanocrystals. Quantum confinement effects become significant for small enough size crystals and induce strong PL which is appreciated for many applications: fluorescents markers, optoelectronic, solar cells, … However synthesis of silicon nanocrystals is very difficult to achieve in large amount, so development of methods able to produce quantities is a very important issue. The challenge was to synthesize very small grains (4 and 8 nm) while keeping the production rate as high as possible. Efforts on the synthesis are in progress, in order to develop a device for particles extraction by supersonic expansion. In-situ mass measurements were actuated and permit now the real-time synthesis optimization. Different ways of particles passivation were also studied: dry oxidization under air or liquid phase chemistry. Results concerning amplifiers devices based on nc-Si and Er3+ co-doped fiber optic are presented also. An energy transfer between Si and Er3+ was observed for silica sol-gel samples, which offers perspectives in fiber optic configuration
Lalatonne, Yoann. "Organisation et propriétés de structures mésoscopiques constituées de nanocristaux". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066176.
Texto completoMougel, Jean-Bruno. "Assemblages multifonctionnels à base de nanotubes de carbone et de nanocristaux de cellulose". Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4048/document.
Texto completoThe association of nanoparticles with complementary properties is an interesting way to develop multifunctional original architectures. Our strategy consists in combining the ability of biosourced particles, the nanocrystals of celluloses (CNC), to form complex structures, with the properties of the single and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT). Their non-covalent association aim is to preserve these properties and to realize oil-in-water Pickering emulsions and foams by freeze-drying. The aqueous dispersion of these nanoparticles shows high yields achieving as high as 70 % of dispersed NTC. The exploration of the various parameters controlling the dispersion (concentration of NTC and NCC, sonication time and power) and of the morphology of the hybrids (by electronic and atomic force microscopies) allow us to propose a quantitative model for the dispersion. These hybrids can also stabilize oil/water interface to form Pickering emulsion. Monodisperse distribution of micrometer-sized droplets is obtained. The addition of the NTC does not modify the morphology of the emulsion but improve their rheological properties. The freeze-drying of the concentrated emulsions produces solid foams with controlled structures. The porosity is determined during the step of emulsification. The mechanical and electrical properties show slight improvement by the addition of the NTC. We attribution these weak performance to the specific structure of the walls of the foams obtained by the alignment of the CNC weakly linked
Ithurria-Lhuillier, Sandrine. "Synthèses et caractérisations de nanoparticules de semiconducteurs II-VI de géométries contrôlées". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066448.
Texto completoMaldiney, Thomas. "Nanocristaux à luminescence persistante : nouveaux concepts pour l'imagerie in vivo". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00831281.
Texto completoRoullier, Victor. "Micelles de nanocristaux fluorescentes et magnétiques comme sondes pour la bio-imagerie". Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S159.
Texto completoWe report the synthesis of both fluorescent and magnetic nanoprobes for labelling and tracking individual biomolecules by bio-imaging (fluorescence microscopy, MRI, …). Both fluorescent semi-conductors (quantum dots) and magnetic (iron oxide) nanocristals were co-encapsulated by using amphiphiles which self-organise into stable micelles with a diameter of 18 to 30 nm. These amphiphiles (PEGylated gallates) present 3 undecanoyl chains, a 34 units polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a terminal functional group such as : OH, NH₂, COOH or N₃. The magnetic properties of the micelles permit to guide them collectively under magnetic field. Furthermore, effect on the contrast in MRI was quantified. Finally, recognition groups such as biotin (targeting avidin derivatives) or tris-NTA (targeting polyhistidine tag by complexation with Ni²⁺) were introduced. We achieved a specific and selective labelling of transmembranar proteins onto HeLa cells, using tris-NTA
Dreyfuss, Sébastien. "Utilisation de phosphore blanc et d'aminophosphines pour la formation de nanocristaux d'InP". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30100/document.
Texto completoCe travail de thèse porte sur la synthèse de nanocristaux de phosphure d'indium (InP) et en particulier sur l'utilisation de précurseurs phosphorés tels que le phosphore blanc et les aminophosphines. Les nanocristaux d'InP sont des matériaux semi-conducteurs prometteurs dans le cadre d'applications biologiques et optoélectroniques grâce à leur faible toxicité et à leurs spectres d'absorption et de fluorescence dans le visible. En outre, le phosphore blanc, allotrope le plus réactif du phosphore, est un produit industriel fabriqué à très grande échelle. Il est en effet à l'origine de tous les produits phosphorés à bas degrés d'oxydation tels que les phosphines. Sa fonctionnalisation directe visant à former des espèces chimiques nouvelles ou valorisables est un domaine de recherche actif. Alors que les nanocristaux d'InP sont traditionnellement synthétisés en utilisant une silylphosphine comme précurseur phosphoré, une nouvelle méthodologie reposant sur l'utilisation d'aminophosphines a émergé. Les aminophosphines étant plus facilement accessibles et manipulables que les silylphosphines, il s'agit d'une avancée importante pour le développement des nanocristaux d'InP. C'est pourquoi nous avons étudié précisément le mécanisme de formation de ces nanocristaux, en nous appuyant notamment sur la RMN, la spectrométrie de masse et les calculs DFT. Cette compréhension fine du mécanisme a permis l'optimisation de la synthèse des nanocristaux d'InP.L'utilisation du phosphore blanc pour former des nanocristaux d'InP repose sur la formation de nanoparticules d'indium monodisperses puis sur l'incorporation du phosphore à l'intérieur des nanoparticules. En partant d'une méthodologie de synthèse de nanoparticules d'indium de la littérature, nous avons découvert le paramètre central de la synthèse : la présence d'une quantité bien précise d'eau dans le solvant. Les nanoparticules d'indium ainsi formées sont oxydées en surface et doivent être activées afin de réagir avec le phosphore blanc.Enfin, la fonctionnalisation moléculaire du phosphore blanc avec des borohydrures pour former des liaisons P-H et par voie radicalaire pour former des silylphosphines est présentée
Alterary, Seham. "Synthèse, caractérisation et fonctionnalisation de CdS et de suspensions magnétiques collïdales en vue d'application biomolécules". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077230.
Texto completoSemiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are a new generation of inorganic probes with advantageous properties over traditional organic probes for biological applications. A major hurdle in the use of QDs for biology is the inability of the hydrophobically synthesized QDs to interface with aqueous environments. In the first part of this dissertation we describe the synthesis of water-soluble CdS QDs end-capped with N-hydroxysuccinimide ester groups, with narrow size distribution. These CdS QDs are synthesized in polyol medium using terthiophene dicarboxylic acid as a stabilizer. The structure of the hybrid product was investigated by TEM, XRD, optical and FTIR spectroscopy. The modifîed nanoparticles consist of a few tens of oligothiophène units attached to the CdS core. The free carboxylic end groups were transformed into 7V-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester and were further cross-linked with biotin and avidin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate successful modification of CdS QD surfaces. The second part, describes the synthesis and the characterization of hybrid magnetic core-shell structures. The Stöber method bas been adopted to prepare hybrid core-shell particles by coating the surfaces of monodisperse magnetic emulsion with uniform silica shells. The Stöber method has been adopted to prepare hybrid core-shell particles by coating the surfaces of monodisperse magnetic emulsion with uniform silica shells. The coated particles have been characterized by electron microscopy (TEM), XPS spectroscopy and IR and showing a core shell structure with a uniform layer of silica
Maillard, Mathieu. "Synthèse, organisation et anisotropie optique de nanocristaux d'argent". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066436.
Texto completoFernandez, Maxence. "Auto-assemblage de nanoparticules métalliques et semi-conductrices dirigé par reconnaissance entre protéines artificielles". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S129.
Texto completoNanoparticles self-assembly driven by biomolecules is a promising approach for developing nanostructured materials with new optical properties. The purpose of this work is the self-assembly of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles directed by artificial proteins called α-Repeat. For this purpose, semiconductor nanocrystals (CdSe/ZnS or CdSe/CdS) and spherical or anisotropic gold nanoparticles have been prepared. These nanoparticles have been functionalized with PEGylated peptide ligands providing them adequate colloidal stability while maintaining their optical properties. A functionalization strategy based on polycysteine and poly-histidine tags has allowed the proteins to be grafted onto the surface of inorganic nanoparticles. Nanoparticles functionalized with artificial proteins were then used for the self-assembly of semiconductor nanoparticles and hybrid self-assembly between semiconductor nanoparticles and metal nanoparticles. The structure study of self-assembled nanostructures has shown, in some cases, a very well defined sub-10 nm interparticle distance. Finally, the study of optical properties revealed very strong exciton-plasmon interactions induced by self-assembly. This self-assembling process strongly affected the emission properties of the semiconductor nanoparticles in hybrid ensembles
Saviot, Lucien. "Etude par diffusion Raman du confinement des vibrations optiques et acoustiques dans des nanoparticules de CdSe et de silicium poreux". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10134.
Texto completoLin, Fangbo. "Modification régiosélective de nanocristaux de cellulose : synthèse, assemblages et propriétés fonctionnelles". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV029.
Texto completoCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been identified as highly attractive building blocks for the design of innovative biosourced materials. These nanoparticles are indeed derived from an abundant and renewable source, cellulose fibers, and possess exceptional properties such as a very large surface area, a low density, non-toxicity, biocompatibility and mechanical properties comparable to those of Kevlar. An interesting feature of these nano-objects, which has not been widely exploited yet, is their chemical polarity. Indeed, the biosynthesis leads to different extremities of the rods from a chemical point of view, which makes it possible to generate asymmetrically functionalized CNCs. Alternatively, CNCs made of the allomorph II of cellulose (CNC-II) can also be produced. CNC-II particles exhibit a rather similar geometry as CNCs but both rod ends are amenable to chemical modification. This thesis project has thus focused on new strategies to efficiently modify in a regioselective manner CNCs and CNC-II particles in order to generate innovative and functional assemblies.First, an in situ growth strategy was developed to drastically optimize the regioselective labelling of CNCs and CNC-II with gold nanoparticles when compared to literature data (labelling yield increased from about 15 to 80%). This development allowed us to get insight into fundamental morphological features by confirming the antiparallel packing of cellulose chains in CNC-II and by showing that CNCs derived from cotton are made of a parallel assembling of chemically polar elementary crystallites.Secondly, both types of nanocellulose particles were successfully regioselectively functionalized with thermosensitive polymer chains using a two-step oxidation and peptide coupling strategy. In the case of CNCs, the resulting hybrid particles underwent a thermally induced-aggregation into star-shaped aggregates composed of 3 to 6 nanocrystals attached by their ends. Using CNC-II particles, a reversible temperature-triggered association into supra-micronic networks could be obtained through end-to-end attachment of the cellulose rods. The structural features of these new objects and their assemblies were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and small angle X-ray or neutron scattering. Rheology measurements were used to show that in both cases, above the LCST of the grafted polymer chains, a gel-like behavior is obtained but the network structure led to stronger effects than the star-shaped complexes.Finally, the optimization of the grafting process was investigated and the use of DCC/DMAP or 4-PPY as catalysts of the peptide coupling and DMF as the solvent turned out to be the best conditions.The use of N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) to induce a swelling of the CNC ends and favor the reaction was also studied. However, no swelling could be detected but the treatment with NMMO had a noticeable effect of separating the elementary crystallites forming the CNCs.Since the undertaken modifications concern a very reduced fraction of the available anhydroglucose units, a quantitative direct characterization of the regioselective derivatization of CNCs remains challenging, even if the use of advanced techniques such as scattering methods give fruitful information. However, the present work shows that such a site-selective functionalization coupled with the use of biosourced particles allows a fine tuning of stimuli-sensitive assembling into innovative structures that give rise to new macroscopic properties
Vivien, Anthony. "Complexes de cobalt(I) : synthèse raisonnée de nanocristaux mono- ou bimétalliques et applications catalytiques". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS235.
Texto completoNanocatalysis universe is a field which is yet to be explored, especially because of the difficult access to simple and well-controlled nanoparticles and their uses in heterogeneous catalyzed reactions. In this work, we show that it is possible to obtain hcp cobalt nanoparticles starting from the easily accessible CoCl(PPh3)3 and by simply heating it in oleylamine. The mechanism of this reaction based on the disproportionation of the cobalt(I) was proved by experimental and theoretical studies. We also demonstrate that it is possible to control the size and the shape of those nanoparticles by changing some parameters like the reaction time or the nature of the organometallic precursor. Moreover, by using the same protocol with other metals (especially nickel) we were able to obtain nanoparticles and then to form CoxNi1-x bimetallic alloys. Our nanoparticles were used for hydrogenation and hydrogen transfer reactions in presence of NH3BH3 (mainly on alkynes) giving good conversions and selectivities. We then compare those results with homogeneous catalysis, using different cobalt complexes. We made an in-depth study of this homogeneous catalysis which shows once again the efficiency of cobalt (as nanoparticles or organometallic complexes) on hydrogenations and hydrogen transfers. Those results offer new opportunities concerning the use of non-noble metals for the storage and the use of dihydrogen, allowing easier access towards energy applications
Le, Corre Déborah. "Nanocristaux d'amidon: Preparation et Application aux emballages flexibles et barrières". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675802.
Texto completoHochepied, Jean-François. "Nanocristaux de ferrites mixtes de cobalt et de zinc : évolution des propriétés magnétiques en fonction de l'occupation des sites". Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066245.
Texto completoBerciaud, Stéphane. "Détection photothermique et spectroscopie d'absoption de nano-objets individuels: nanoparticules métalliques, nanocristaux semiconducteurs, et nanotubes de carbone". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123471.
Texto completoHétérodyne (PHI). Cette nouvelle méthode optique en champ lointain permet de détecter une
grande variété de nano-objets individuels absorbants (nanoparticules métalliques jusqu'à 1.4 nm
de diamètre, nanocristaux semiconducteurs, nanotubes de carbone métalliques et semiconducteurs,.
. .), sur un fond « noir », avec un très bon rapport signal à bruit. Le signal photothermique
a été caractérisé expérimentalement sur des nanoparticules d'or individuelles. Les mesures obtenues
sont comparées à des calculs analytiques issus d'un modèle électrodynamique. Etant donné
que ce signal est directement proportionnel à la puissance absorbée, la méthode PHI ouvre la
voie à des expériences de spectroscopie d'absorption à l'échelle du nano-objet individuel. Dans
un premier temps, nous avons sondé la résonance plasmon de surface de nanoparticules d'or
individuelles de 5 à 33 nm de diamètre. Cette étude a abouti à l'observation d'effets de taille
intrinsèques, analysés dans le cadre de la théorie de Mie. Nous avons ensuite mesuré les spectres
d'absorption de nanocristaux individuels de CdSe en régime multiexcitonique. Pour un même
nanocristal, la comparaison des spectres d'absorption photothermique et d'émission permet de
discuter l'origine physique du signal photothermique. Enfin, nous avons caractérisé la structure
de nanotubes de carbone semiconducteurs et métalliques individuels en analysant leurs spectres
d'absorption autour de leurs premières résonances optiques.
Berciaud, Stéphane. "Détection photothermique et spectroscopie d'absorption de nano-objets individuels : nanoparticules métalliques, nanocristaux semiconducteurs, et nanotubes de carbone". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13278.
Texto completoNsenkoue, Merlin Magloire. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence de nanoparticules métalliques sur la luminescence de boites quantiques". Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0025.
Texto completoFor several decades, the interest of much of the scientific community raises on the control of the luminescence of phosphors. This theme relates fields as diverse as optical cavities, photonic crystals, surfaces or metal nanoparticles. The luminescence of the luminophors can be completely modified (inhibited or enhanced) in the vicinity of metallic nanoparticles. The interaction between luminophors and metal nanoparticles depend on several factors and involves many processes. The objective of this work is to control the luminescence of quantum dots by adjusting the position of the plasmon resonance of gold metallic nanoparticles. As part of this work, we studied the luminescence of semiconductor nanocrystals when they are interacting with metal nanoparticles. Indeed, we observed two types of samples: one consisting of metallic nanoparticles of gold with random shape and distribution and the other consisting of metallic gold nanoparticles with controlled size, shape and distribution. If it is possible to control the luminescence of quantum dots by plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles, we found that both studies show a very different behavior of quantum dots when they are coupled to metallic nanoparticles. Plasmon resonance does not play a dominant role on the control of luminescence for the first type of sample
Cavalier, Manon. "Transition structurale de nanoparticules de cobalt du polycristal cfc au monocristal hc par un processus de recuit en solution : vers le ferromagnétisme à température ambiante". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066562.
Texto completoJoulaud, Cécile. "Caractérisation par diffusion de second harmonique de nanocristaux pour l'imagerie biomédicale". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856045.
Texto completoPhilippot, Cécile. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanocristaux organiques fluorescents insérés en coquille sol-gel : vers le développement d'un nouveau type d'agent imageant biologique". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENV033.
Texto completoWe demonstrated the feasibility and the reproducibility of our method of one-step elaboration of organic nanocrystals in sol-gel shell obtained by atomization, by using various sort of organic molecules, solvent and sol-gel matrices. The use of different techniques of characterization (scanning electronic microscopy, one and two photons luminescence spectroscopy) allowed to optimized the conditions of elaboration to obtain hybrid nanoparticles of small sizes, with a maximum of fluorophore, highly luminescent and biocompatible. The scanning electronic microscopy and the electronic diffraction allowed us to prove the presence of a single-crystal heart within nanoparticles and to define the crystalline structures. The properties ofnanocrystals as labels for imaging the micro-vascularization of the small animal brain in two photons were then analyzed by two photons fluorescence spectroscopy as weIl as the non-toxicity of nanoparticles. Finally, the first in-vivo tests ofnanoparticles as labels grew to us to functionalize to increase their stealth and add it a new function of targeting
Peres, Laurent. "Synthèse et propriétés catalytiques de nanoparticules de platine de formes contrôlées". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0002.
Texto completoSolution chemistry allows obtaining nanoparticles with well-controlled structural characteristics. It offers therefore the possibility to exploit the specific properties associated to the nano-objects characteristics (size, shape, crystal phase …), in diverse applications. Among them, catalysis plays an important role for the ecologic/energetic transition. Indeed, for numerous reactions, the use of nanoparticles allows to reduce the amount of metals employed. Moreover, some metals present new properties at this scale. As a surface phenomenon, catalysis thus implies more and more the use of size and shape controlled nanocrystals. Indeed, literature has shown that it is possible to modulate catalyst activity and selectivity depending on the crystallographic orientation of the nanocrystal facets.In the first part of this thesis, platinum nanoparticles have been produced using a simple Pt(II) salt as a principal precursor. Depending on the parameters employed, various shapes have been obtained. We have tried to understand the formation mechanism of the different platinum nanoparticle morphologies obtained: concave cubes enclosed by (110) facets, multipods enclosed by a mix of (111) and (100) and cubes enclosed by (100) facets. The second chapter aims at studying the impact of the nano-object shape in a model catalytic reaction. Concaves cubes and multipods have been tested in the hydrogenation of an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, the cinnamaldéhyde, as a model reaction to probe chemoselectivity. Free nanoparticles in solution and nanoparticles supported on silica and graphène have been used. Finally, the extension of a method for the epitaxial growth of nanocrystals on thin films, allowed the elaboration of, crystallographically oriented, shape controlled platinum nano-objects (concave cubes, wires) by a direct solution-growth, over different thin films of specific nature and crystalline orientation
Wong, Ka Lun. "Incorporation des semi-conducteurs dans des matériaux nanoporeux et mise en forme de films minces". Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2056.
Texto completoNanosized semiconductors (NSCs) are potential materials for a variety of optoelectronic, solar photovoltaic and sensor devices. In this study, two main approaches for preparation of stable NSCs in zeolitic materials, namely the one-step synthesis (OSS) and the ion-exchange-irradiation (IEI) have been developed. The OSS approach involves direct synthesis of NSCs in hydrophobic pure silica MFI-type zeolite via co-condensation of silica source, 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane (MPTS), metal precursor (Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Mo5+, Co2+) and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH). For IEI approach, metal precursors were first introduced into the as-prepared aluminosilicate zeolites (LTL, FAU and MFI- type zeolites) by ion-exchange process. The ion-exchanged zeolite suspensions in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol are irradiated with different doses of gamma ray to facilitate the formation of nanosized metal sulfides. The NSCs trapped in the LTL channels maintain their maximum particle size in the sub-nm range, while two different populations of clusters in FAU and MFI zeolites are formed. The NSCs samples prepared by both OSS and IEI approaches are stable in air and assembled into thin films. Thus, alternative routes for preparation of stable NSCs for fabrication of new sensing, optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices are disclosed
Fossati, Alexandre. "Synthèse et spectroscopie cohérente de nanoparticules dopées terres rares pour les technologies optiques quantiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEC008.
Texto completoOptical quantum technologies use light to transmit data and control other quantum systems. They give radical breakthrough in the fields of ultra-secured communications, sensors beyond classical range and simulations of quantum systems. To answer these highly-demanding applications, systems with multiple quantum degrees of freedom interfaced with both light and other quantum systems are necessary. However, this kind of hybrid architecture is currently not achievable at the solid state - a technology milestone. Recently, rare earth doped crystals have been identified as a promising alternative. Indeed, in the bulk state, theses materials have extremely long optical and spin coherence times, around the mililsecond and the hour respectively. Theses unique properties have enabled remarkable quantum effects like light-matter quantum teleportation at a telecom wavelength (Nat. Photonics 2014). Transposed to the nanoscale, they could enable the construction of quantum hybrid systems capable of new functions in the field of communication, opto-electronics or metrology. The aim of the project is to develop rare earth nanostructure doped crystals with long optical and spin coherence times. Theses materials will be obtained under the form of particles with a "bottom-up" approach, giving a great flexibility of morphology, size and chemical composition. It is necessary for a fine controle of the processes involved in dephasing and the coupling to other quantum systems. Characterisation will mainly be made using high-resolution spectroscopy. This project is supported by the great experience of the IRCP in the field of rare earth doped materials for quantum technologies (PRL 2014, Nat. Phys. 2015) and especially its recent breakthrough on nanocrystals (PRL 2013)
Ithurria, Lhuillier Sandrine. "Synthèses et caractérisations de nanoparticules de semiconducteurs II-VI de géométries contrôlées". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00538570.
Texto completoNguyen, Van Son. "Élaboration de films nanocomposites hybrides P(VDF-TrFE)/nanocristaux, et intégration dans des dispositifs microstructurés". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0075/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this work is to develop flexible organic/inorganic hybrid materials for application in microsystems. This study included the preparation and characterization of nanocomposites based on ferroelectric polymer matrix P(VDF-TrFE), potential materials for applications based on thin films on substrates, and different types of nanoparticles: ZnO, LiNbO3 (piezoelectric) and Al2O3 (non-piezoelectric). The protocols of the ultrasonic dispersion of nanoparticles in solvents and polymeric solutions are optimized, allowing dispersing quite homogeneously clusters of nanocrystals in the matrix copolymer. Films of controlled thickness between 0.1 µm and 100 µm were fabricated by spin-coating and doctor blade coating with surface quality suitable for micro-technologies. Morphology and crystallinity of P(VDF-TrFE) are preserved in the presence of up to 10 wt.% of nanoparticles. Thus nanocomposites keep high piezoelectric properties and show an increased up to 30% of the mechanical properties for 10 wt.% ZnO or Al2O3. In addition, the increase in elastic constant with decreasing cluster size of nanoparticles was observed. Nanocomposite films on substrates or free-standing filled up to 10 wt.% were successfully polarized by corona without contact. Specific procedures for preparing microdevices by photolithography on nanocomposite polymer films, while keeping piezoelectric activities of materials, have been developed. The characterization of realized acoustic wave devices is also presented
Virieux, Heloise. "Nanocristaux luminescents de phosphures d'indium et de zinc : synthèse, enrobage et caractérisation". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0030/document.
Texto completoRésumé de la thèse en anglais : This PhD investigation focuses on organometallic synthesis of indium phosphide (InP), zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) and core/shell structures which were obtained by the growth of a layer of zinc sulfide (ZnS) on the surface. The objectives are to understand and control the synthesis in order to shift the absorption and emission wavelengths to the near infra-red range, interesting for biomedical imaging.The first chapter presents the state of the art on the InP and InP/ZnS nanocrystals (NCx). A brief recall on the physical and chemical properties of semiconductor NCx is presented and various syntheses are described. Particular attention was paid to the size of NCx, the shift of the fluorescence emission to higher wavelengths and the optimization of quantum yields. The potential of these objects for white light emitting diodes (LED) or biomedical imaging shows the value added of using InP/ZnS NCx rather than other materials based on toxic elements such as cadmium, lead elements…The second chapter focuses on a synthesis from indium carboxylates known in the literature. The goal is to characterize the structure of NPs to understand the procedure of the synthesis and the coating. Measurements by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in solid state and Photoelectronic X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the oxidation of InP of the NPs. This oxide layer increases during the coating. This originates from a decarboxylating coupling of carboxylic acids at high temperature in the presence of NPs. This oxidation is believed to inhibit the growth of the object, which restricts the attainable range of wavelengths.The third chapter provides a novel synthesis from indium amidinate instead of indium carboxylate. The advantage of this approach is the potential to lower significantly the reaction temperature (150°C instead of 280°C) and to avoid secondary decarboxylation reaction. A coating with ZnS at low temperature (150°C) is also developed. The synthesis of InP NPs also causes an oxidation of the surface. A coupling takes place again between the ligands, palmitic acid and hexadecylamine providing new oxidizing conditions. The study of different ratios of ligands shows that when the reaction medium is modified, the InP NPs do not exhibit a conclusive luminescence response. Synthesis and coating are carried out under an atmosphere of hydrogen (H2) in Fisher-Porter reactor in order to counter these oxidizing conditions. NPs with diameters of the order of 3,4 nm (a necessary condition to approach the infra-red emission) and a quantum yield of 18-20% are thus obtained. These had never been observed before during this thesis.The last chapter is devoted to an exploratory study on Zn3P2 NPs. Zinc phosphide is a promising material because of non-toxic and abundant constituents, and potential access to near infra-red wavelengths. Different synthesis parameters are studied and the structural and optical properties are characterized. Preliminary results on the coating show instabilities of the Zn3P2 NPs. The use of trioctylphoshine oxide (TOPO) appears to allow the passivation of the NPs in the air and a better stability is possible under an atmosphere of H2
Jouenne, Vincent. "Nanocristaux de dioxyde de titane à morphologie contrôlée : synthèse, suspensions colloïdales et dépôt par électrophorèse". Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=c3b26761-dabc-43ff-ab7b-2fe3f95f0dd4.
Texto completoTitanium dioxide, owing unique photoactive properties, is a key material for the fabrication of a IIIrd generation photovoltaic cell. In the strategy developed in IMN, its optimal incorporation in this device requires the elaboration of a thin and dense TiO2 layer surmounted by a nanostructured and porous layer. To make these deposits, a low temperature process (< 200°C) has been developed. First of all, this work has concerned the study of a synthetic strategy based on the hydrolysis of the [Ti8O12(H2O)24]Cl8. HCl. 7H2O precursor in alcoholic media with surfactants in solvothermal conditions. Many different TiO2 anatase nanocrystal morphologies (spherical, rod-like, rhombic platelets) with a good cristallinity have been obtained with both, oleic acid and/or oleylamine, as surfactants and controlled with a judicious choice of experimental parameters, such as the molar ratio between these two surfactants. Then, the surface nanocrystals has been characterized and optimized to allow the preparation of stable colloidal solutions in appropriated solvents in order to elaborate deposits by wet or electrophoretic (EPD) routes. Dense TiO2 layers with a 25 to 60 nm thickness have been realized by spin-coating, whereas porous deposits with tunable thickness (from 70 nm to 2. 2 μm) have been performed by EPD on plane substrates. Finally, the formation of TiO2 nanopillars (diameter ~ 150-200 nm, L ~ 1–3 μm), by electrophoresis confined inside the pores of nanoporous templates, has been performed
Knittel, Fabien. "Etude des interactions de surface et biocompatibilisation de nanocristaux fluorescents". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112220/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis we have, at first, developed a robust protocol to quantify the exchange of ligands on the surface of nano-objects, using quantum dots in this study. This method is based on the detection sensitivity of a radioactive element, tritium. To study the exchange of ligands, we synthesized tritiated oleic acid, whose unmarked equivalent is commonly used for the synthesis of QD. Thanks to an innovative method, we have developed a protocol to determine the density of ligands on the surface of zinc blende CdSe quantum dots. In addition, we conducted a study to determine the ability of a ligand to replace oleic acid on the surface of the QD. A scale of relative bond strengths of various chemical functions according to their ability to displace oleic acid has been obtained. This study is expected to improve the understanding and the development of protocols for the preparation of QD.In a second step, we developed two encapsulation strategies of QD in order to obtain colloidal stability in water with in vivo imaging applications as final aim. Both approaches attempt to answer the requirements for the use of QD in biological media. In this context, we have synthesized photopolymerisable amphiphilic compounds on the one hand and perfluorinated amphiphilic compounds on the other. Batches of CdSe/CdS/ZnS QD emitting in the visible, solubilized by these two strategies have been prepared and their stability tested in several conditions. We then applied the encapsulation strategy developed to CuInS2/ZnS QD emitting in the near infrared. Some preliminary studies have been carried out by in vivo fluorescence imaging in mice to assess these new QD formulations
Cavarroc, Marjorie. "Nucléation, croissance et comportement de poussières dans les plasmas réactifs radiofréquence basse pression : Des nanocristaux aux grains submicroniques polycristallins". Phd thesis, Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2029.
Texto completoVirieux, Héloïse. "Nanocristaux luminescents de phosphures d'indium et de zinc: synthèse, enrobage et caractérisation". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933595.
Texto completoEl-Kork, Nayla. "Spectroscopie à champ proche optique de nanoparticules hybrides pour application en capteurs biologique et microscopie confocale de nanocristaux de sillicium uniques". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692395.
Texto completoSirotkin, Sergey. "Modes de basse fréquence de petites nanoparticules (nanocristaux métalliques) et de grosses nanosphères (virus) : une étude par diffusion inélastique de la lumière". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573738.
Texto completoBourdillon, Céline. "Etude de cristaux photoniques et de polymères stimulables : réalisation d'un capteur de nanoparticules". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066659/document.
Texto completoSince the emergence of analysis techniques at the nanometer scale, many nanostructures and nanoparticles have been elaborated. Because of the specific properties induced by their size, nanoparticles are present in a lot of products used in the everyday life and can present a high toxicity. This toxicity depends, inter alia, on their size and surface chemistry. Therefore, it is really important to collect and detect them specifically when they are present as trace contaminants. This thesis deals with the combination of the optical properties of a photonic crystal, an opal, and the chemical properties of a stimulable polymer, a nanoparticles imprinted polymer, to realize a sensitive, specific and selective nanoparticles sensor. The nanoparticles that we used as targets are fluorescent CdSeTe/ZnS nanocrystals. In the first part of this thesis, we studied the filtering of the emission of the targets by heterostructures based on direct opals. In the second part, we synthetized, for the first time to our knowledge, a polymer presenting nanocrystals imprints. We used this polymer to realize an inverse opal allowing the sensing of these nanoparticles by specular reflection measurements. This sensor can be generalized to any functionalized nanoparticle
Ndong, ntoutoume Gautier mark arthur. "Elaboration des nanocristaux de cellulose fonctionnalisés pour la vectorisation d’agents anticancéreux et pour la transfection de gènes". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0126/document.
Texto completoTargeting and drug delivery are major areas of research within the LCSN. Indeed, most of the active molecules used in cancer therapy are not very selective against tumors and are toxic to healthy cells. The development of nanobiomaterials able to specifically target tumors by EPR effect but also capable of destroying them by the action of the drug transported turns capital. In this work we achieved the binding of triphenylphosphonium cation (to target the mitochondria), hydrophobic active ingredients and a nucleic acid on cellulose nanocrystals issued from the acid hydrolysis of cotton. The first therapeutic platform synthesized according to the technique
Ahmad, Nabeel. "Nanoscale in situ studies of Au and Au-Cu Nanoparticle synthesis by liquid cell transmission electron microscopy". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC224/document.
Texto completoRecent years have seen a remarkable increase in research activities related to the synthesis of metallic nanocrystals. This intense interest is fueled by the unique and fascinating properties delivered at such size domains. Indeed, electrons confinement by nanocrystals is a powerful means to modulate electronic, optical and magnetic properties of a material. Most current strategies employ chemical synthesis to formulate unique nanoparticle morphologies by exploiting the versatility of liquid reaction media to control the formation mechanisms. Although the chemistry of metal nanocrystal synthesis is not complicated, understanding the nucleation and growth processes in complex liquid media and the influence of each chemical species is altogether a different challenge. It is in this regard, that we have utilized liquid cell transmission electron microscopy to visualize relevant growth phenomenon at the nanoscale. This recent in situ technique allowed us to study in real time the dynamics of growth of Au and Au-Cu nanoparticles in reaction media of controlled composition. The primary goal of this thesis was to distinguish the kinetics effects (related to the flow of matter) and the thermodynamics effects (related to the environment-dependent equilibrium of nanostructures) on final nanoparticle shapes. In addition to this, systematic studies were performed to separate the inevitable beam effects from the influence of specific synthesis parameters such as the seed crystal morphology and the organic functionalization that are of primary importance for colloidal chemists. Beam induced phenomena were also utilized to understand the solution chemistry of the exposed solvent which is in turn responsible for driving reversible redox reactions in bimetallic nano-systems
Stenger, Ingrid. "Etude des propriétés optiques de nanoparticules de silicium et de leur interface avec une matrice de silice par ellipsométrie et spectroscopie de déflexion photothermique". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066411.
Texto completoPierson, Ambre. "Développement de capsules fluorescentes et étude de leur stabilité dans les milieux biologiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS464.
Texto completoThe use of lateral flow tests extends to a plethora of different fields. However, these tests have two major drawbacks ranging from their low sensitivity to their non-quantitative results. In fact, these tests are used to provide a binary answer on the presence of the analyte (or target to be measured). One way to overcome these drawbacks is to use fluorescent probes. Fluorescence enables the development of a quantitative test through the emission of light. Such fluorescence light probes blocked on the test line can emit a quantity of light proportional to the analyte concentration. Nexdot, a company that specializes in the synthesis of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, has been developing their proprietary colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelet technology whose optical properties surpass those of quantum dots. The incorporation of these fluorescent nanocrystals as lateral flow probes could enable quantitative and more sensitive tests for next generation lateral flow tests. The aim of this project was to develop a probe composed of a 60% aluminum and 40% zirconium mixed oxide matrix and fluorescent nanocrystals. This matrix composition was chosen specifically for its high stability in aqueous media. This higher stability allows the particles to be bioconjugated with molecules for use as probes. These matrices are produced by an aerosol-gel process, which produces a high level of size dispersion particles. The process was optimized by replacing the impactor nozzle with an ultrasonic nozzle. Thanks to these modifications, dispersion was reduced, and all particles with a diameter larger than 1 µm were eliminated. In addition, the surface of these particles had to be modified. The use of silanes such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or Carboxy Ethyl Silane triol enabled the deposition of a functionalized surfaces (i.e. amines and carboxylic acids). These surface functions should enable the grafting of biomolecules. Finally, the particles were tested in lateral flow system with a strip designed for these new probes. Initial migration tests showed a 7-fold gain in sensitivity over gold nanoparticles. Initial quantification tests are encouraging, although the tests require some additional optimization
Badie, Laurent. "Étude de matériaux amplificateurs à base de nanoparticules et réalisation d'un composant polymère pour les télécommunications optiques". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00407354.
Texto completoPhilippot, Cécile. "Elaboration et caractérisations de nanocristaux organiques fluorescents insérés en coquille sol-gel : vers le développement d'un nouveau type d'agent imageant". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580367.
Texto completoZimmermann, Josephine. "Nanocritaux organiques enrobés d'une coquille silicatée pour la réalisation de traceurs fortement fluorescents pour l'imagerie médicale". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV048/document.
Texto completoThis work has allowed the synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles composed by organic crystal cores embedded in organosilicate shells for the development of in vivo imaging applications(two-photon fluorescence microscopy). The synthesis of these nanoparticles has been adapted with different types of organic dyes. The composition of the silicate shell can also be modulated in order to modify the properties of dispersion in aqueous solution, the surface charge of particles or chemical functions present at the surface. Due to the dissolution of organic cores in organic solvents, different strategies of functionalization were developed in aqueous media to enhance the furtivity of these nanoparticles in vivo. These methods have led to the circulation of the nanoparticles into the bloodstream of mice. However, the circulation lifetime of these nanoparticles is short. New strategies of functionalization (click chemistry) should help in the future to extend this circulation time for the possible development of these new fluorescent tracers
Delachat, Florian Brice. "Élaboration et caractérisation de nanoparticules de silicium dans du nitrure de silicium en vue d’applications photovoltaïques". Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6148.
Texto completoSilicon nanoparticles (Si-nps) embedded in a silicon nitride matrix (SiNx) are promising for photovoltaic applications. These applications require tuning the optical properties of the films by managing the quantum confinement of the Sinps. This thesis work deals with the elaboration and characterization of silicon nanostructures embedded in silicon nitride. Thin films (»100nm) of silicon rich silicon nitride (SRSN) have been deposited by PECVD and subsequently annealed at 1100°C/30min to allow the nucleation of Si-nps. We show that the control of the silicon excess generates a large diversity of nanostructures including a high density (2x1012 cm-2) of amorphous Si-nps with an average size of 3nm, percolated crystalline nanostructures or nano-columnar crystalline arrangements. However, the large size distribution of Si-nps fathered by the single layer approach limits the control of the optical properties expected by quantum confinement in Si-nps. Then, we have investigated the formation and characterization of super-lattices composed of alternative layers of SRSN and SiO2 or Si3N4 ultrathin films. These stoichiometric layers have been used to limit the Si-nps growth in order to thin down the size distribution. We have identified the experimental parameters, namely the Si excess and the thickness of the SRSN, needed for the formation of Si-nps with size small enough to be compatible with quantum confinement. Finally resistivity experiments in the system Si-nps-Si3N4 have been conducted in order to identify the electrical transport problems that should be overcome for coming application as PV tandem cell for instance
Ben, Dahou Dounia. "Nouveaux matériaux nanoporeux et bio-hybrides à base de nanoparticules minérales et/ou celllulosiques : relation structure/propriétés". Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS363/document.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the preparation, using freeze drying technique, of aerogels madefrom cellulose and mineral fillers intended for potential use in the field of thermal insulation. Thefirst goal of this thesis was the characterization of different cellulose (cellulose (PBPD)nanocrystals (NCC) and oxidized nanofibrils (NFCs)), the inorganic filler (mainly zeolite) and theresulting aerogels prepared by various combinations. We used for the characterization of thestarting materials and the aerogels analytical techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), BET,SEM and the zeta potential. We also characterized the mechanical properties of the aerogels bycompression tests and their thermal conduction properties in the non-steady state by the hot wiretechnique. It has been found that multi-scale structure of these celluloses promotes the creation ofmeso and nanoporosities to the detriment of macroporosity. This promotes the confinement ofthe air in the bio-aerogel by Knudsen effect and improves their thermal insulation properties. Onthe other hand, the nanoparticles (organic and inorganic) allow the aerogels to have very goodmechanical properties. The third objective was to try other mineral fillers (other than the zeolite)in combination with the different cellulose and explore the morphological, structural, thermaland mechanical of the corresponding aerogels. This study has allowed showing the importance ofmorphological and geometrical characteristics of the mineral fillers in controlling physical andmechanical properties of the bio-hybrid aerogels
Meziane, Lynda. "Nanomatériaux mono et bimétalliques à forte anisotropie magnétique". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066622/document.
Texto completoMagnetic nanomaterials are promising materials due to their potential applications in high density magnetic recording. This is in this context that we have developed the first one-pot synthesis of spherical hcp cobalt nanocrystals (NCs), ferromagnetic at room temperature. The followed strategy is based on the simple combination of oleylamine and an organometallic cobalt precursor [CoCl(PPh3)3]. Thus, variation of the precursor amount has allowed to control the NCs size and to obtain spherical NCs of 9.2 nm, 7.8 nm and 2.5 nm in diameter with a low polydispersity. The change of reaction times has led to control of the NCs shape in order to get a morphology transition from spheres towards hcp nanorods. Subsequently, an experimental study based on the variation of several parameters, namely, the amine and the temperature, has highlighted a reaction mechanism of cobalt NCs formation, governed by the disproportionation reaction of the Co(I) precursor. The one-pot synthesis procedure was then extended to the development of other mono and bi-metal NCs (platinum, palladium and CoPt alloys). Then, by varying the amount [CoCl(PPh3)3].precursor, different morphologies of platinum NCs and palladium, and similarly, CO33Pt67 nanoalloys, have been obtained. Another strategy was followed to develop equi-atomic CoPt nanowires, with a high magnetic anisotropy, by annealing of Co50Pt50 nanoparticles in nanopores of alumina membrane (Al2O3). For this, we diverted the NCs coalescence during the annealing time
Kawtharani, Farah. "Préparation de nanoparticules d’argent stabilisées dans des nanocristaux de zéolithe Beta : caractérisation de la photodynamique plasmonique ultrarapide et de la réactivité vis-à-vis du monoxyde de carbone". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10011.
Texto completoBEA-type zeolites stabilized in colloidal suspensions were functionalized with silver nanoparticles confined in their microporous volume. Silver was introduced into the zeolitic framework by ion-exchange. Silver nanoparticles were then formed via chemical reduction using triethylamine as a reducing agent. The study was performed on two samples: 1Ag-BEA and 2Ag-BEA, having different Si : Al ratio of 12 and 8.5, respectively. A protocol for the preparation of stabilized silver nanoparticles in BEA zeolite was established. The prepared silver-containing BEA suspensions were characterized by ICP, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The UV-vis absorption spectra of the colloidal suspensions and the HRTEM pictures reveal the formation of ultra-small silver nanoparticles confined in the zeolite nanocrystals. The ultra-fast plasmonic response of the colloidal suspensions was investigated by using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The transient absorption spectra were recorded after excitation of the sample by 100 fs laser pulses at 400 nm inducing the formation of hot electrons in the conduction band. Assignment of the absorption spectra to the steps of hot electron relaxation was identified. The dynamics of electron-phonon coupling was analyzed in the frame of two-temperature model TTM. Results show that, a part of the energy initially injected inside the conduction band doesn’t relax to the phonons of silver nanoparticles. In addition, the reactivity of Ag-BEA to carbon monoxide was characterized by in-situ FTIR spectroscopy. These measurements were used to confirm the dispersion of silver nanoparticles in the matrix of BEA. The photoactivity and reactivity of Ag-BEA samples make them attractive for plasmonic chemistry applications
Carrada, Marzia. "Manipulation de nanoparticules de Si elaborées par implantation ionique à basse énergie dans des couches minces de SiO2 pour la fabrication de mémoires MOS non volatiles". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30015.
Texto completoZhang, Zhen. "Modification de la surface des nanocristaux de cellulose par estérification et polymérisation ATRP pour des applications avancées". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0653/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, the surface functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) by esterification and ATRP reactions was envisaged, with the objective to develop novel advanced materials. A convenient method to characterize the polymers grafted on CNC by Si-ATRP has been first developed, based on DLS, DSC and TGA analyses. The efficiency of the SI-ATRP and SI-ARGET ATRP methods to initiate the grating of polystyrene (PS) or poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) at the CNC surface were then compared. The pH-responsive P4VP-g-CNC nano-hybrids were subsequently utilized to stabilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), in view of producing recyclable catalysts. The catalytic activity of the Au@P4VP-g-CNC material – tested with the reduction of 4-nitrophenol – was significantly improved compared with single AuNPs. UV-responsive poly(cinnamoyloxy ethyl methacrylate) (PCEM) polymers were also grafted on CNC, to produce particles with UV absorbing properties. The PCEM-g-CNC nano-hybrids obtained turned out to be efficient UV/thermal stabilizers and reinforcing agents in PVC films. Finally, a facile method to prepare colloidosomes from w/o inverse Pickering emulsions stabilized by cinnamate-modified CNC was proposed. Colloidosomes with robust shells and allowing the slow release of encapsulated molecules such as rhodamine B or fluorescent deoxyribonucleic acid were then obtained
Bouclé, Johann. "Elaboration et étude des propriétés électro-optiques de matériaux hybrides à base de nanocristaux de carbure de silicium". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007825.
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