Artículos de revistas: "Nano-structured Fluids"

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Gao, Hongfei, Huifang Cheng, Zonghan Yang, Marko Prehm, Xiaohong Cheng y Carsten Tschierske. "Synthesis and self-assembly of 5,5′-bis(phenylethynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene-based bolapolyphiles in triangular and square LC honeycombs". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, n.º 6 (2015): 1301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc02347a.

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Calderon, Sebastian, Cristiana F. Almeida Alves, Noora K. Manninen, Albano Cavaleiro y Sandra Carvalho. "Electrochemical Corrosion of Nano-Structured Magnetron-Sputtered Coatings". Coatings 9, n.º 10 (20 de octubre de 2019): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9100682.

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Magnetron sputtering has been employed for several decades to produce protective and multi-functional coatings, thanks to its versatility and ability to achieve homogeneous layers. Moreover, it is suitable for depositing coatings with very high melting points and that are thermodynamical unstable, which is difficult to accomplish by other techniques. Among these types of coating, transition metal (Me) carbides/nitrides (MeC/N) and amorphous carbon (a-C) films are particularly interesting because of the possibility of tailoring their properties by selecting the correct amount of phase fractions, varying from pure MeN, MeC, MeCN to pure a-C phases. This complex phase mixture can be even enhanced by adding a fourth element such Ag, Pt, W, Ti, Si, etc., allowing the production of materials with a large diversity of properties. The mixture of phases, resulting from the immiscibility of phases, allows increasing the number of applications, since each phase can contribute with a specific property such as hardness, self-lubrication, antibacterial ability, to create a multifunctional material. However, the existence of different phases, their fractions variation, the type of transition metal and/or alloying element, can drastically alter the global electrochemical behaviour of these films, with a strong impact on their stability. Consequently, it is imperative to understand how the main features intrinsic to the production process, as well as induced by Me and/or the alloying element, influence the characteristics and properties of the coatings and how these affect their electrochemical behaviour. Therefore, this review will focus on the fundamental aspects of the electrochemical behaviour of magnetron-sputtered films as well as of the substrate/film assembly. Special emphasis will be given to the influence of simulated body fluids on the electrochemical behaviour of coatings.

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Zeb, Salman, Irshad Ullah, Ali Karim, Wali Muhammad, Naimat Ullah, Mehmand Khan y Warda Komal. "A Review on Nanotechnology Applications in Electric Components". Nanoscale Reports 2, n.º 2 (30 de mayo de 2019): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/nr1924.

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Nano science and nanotechnology innovations have shown incredible results in current era. It increases their applications in various fields such as Engineering, Physics, Chemistry and Biology. The development in nanotechnology has replaced conventional concepts. The remarkable performance of nanotechnologycaught the eye of electrical engineers to make reliable and efficient electrical components. Electrical engineers using Nano-concept and make Nano-structured valueadded products with high superior qualities. This review climaxes the concept of nanotechnology in various electrical components such as in nanowires, insulators, transformers and dielectric fluids with possible future prospects

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Sur, Debashish, Pablo Tirado, Jesus Alcantar, Orlando Auciello y G. Bahar Basim. "Integration of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond (UNCD)-Coatings on Chemical-Mechanical Surface Nano-structured (CMNS) Titanium-Based Dental Implants". MRS Advances 5, n.º 44 (2020): 2261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.329.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on describing the integration of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) coating on pure titanium-based dental implants (DIs) integrated with the surface pre-treatment by chemical-mechanical nano-structuring (CMNS) process. The combination of the UNCD coating with the CMNS metal surface treatment provides a transformational process to produce a new generation of metallic implants. CMNS promotes a uniform and dense titanium oxide interface and UNCD enables higher resistance to chemical-induced corrosion by oral fluids and enhanced bone attachment due to superior bone cell growth on C atoms (element of life in human DNA and cell). The main focus of the presented research is to establish the preliminary studies on the integration of the UNCD coating process on CMNS treated dental implants to promote corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. It is demonstrated that the CMNS process in the presence of an oxidizer (1M to be optimal) induces a tailored interface to promote UNCD coating capability through effective interface passivation leading to uniform surface coverage. The final implant product is observed to have improved corrosion potential and enhanced hydrophobicity indicating better biocompatibility providing the basis for a new generation of superior DIs. The findings can further be extended to the hip, knee, and other orthopedic metallic implants, which require major performance improvements, particularly in reducing or eliminating in-vivo body fluid-induced chemical corrosion.

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Voroshylova, N. M., M. D. Timchenko y S. V. Verevka. "Bence-Jones protein as the form of nano-scaled β-stacked supramolecular aggregates". Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis, n.º 1(61) (18 de febrero de 2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31450/ukrjnd.1(61).2019.05.

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Abstract. The formation in β-structured protein aggregates in tissues and fluids of the body is one of the most dangerouse complications of various diseases. The most famous of them are amyloidoses, but they such deposits are observed at other, much more widespread, diseases. The generally accepted approach to amyloids’detectionis based on high-specific coloring by Congo Red dye. However, the Abbe's diffraction limit excludes the seeing of the objects smaller than 0.61 wavelengths (about 240 nm). Such nanoscale formations are capable to disrup the functioning of surrounding tissues, to causethe complications and recurrences of the disease, and to pass through biological barriers with the following accumulation in body’s fluids. It’s likely that these conditions are the cause of the urinary congophilia, that is associated with preeclampsia at pregnancy and chronic kidney disease. Nor the less suspicious object is the Bens-Jones protein that appears in the urine at multiple myeloma and some other diseases, which are in more or less extent,are related to the disturbance of protein metabolism. The purpose of this study was to clarify the aggregate state of the Bens-Jones protein as a possible β-structured supramolecular associate. Methods.The subject of the study was the freshly received urine from a patient with multiple myeloma. The presence of the Bens-Jones protein was checked by thermopacification of the acidified sample. For control, the urine was used by a healthy person with the addition of certain amounts of human serum albumin ("Reanal", Hungary) with a concentration of 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1%. Result. The obtained data testify to the appropriateness of such a point of view and create preresquites for the expanding of diagnostic possibilities. Conclusions.The results obtained during the study testify to the peculiarity of the structure of the Bens-Jones protein, which is nano-sized beta-structured supramolecular

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Sarafraz, M. M., F. Hormozi y S. M. Peyghambarzadeh. "Pool boiling heat transfer to aqueous alumina nano-fluids on the plain and concentric circular micro-structured (CCM) surfaces". Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 72 (abril de 2016): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.11.001.

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7

Cardea, Stefano. "Using a 3-Steps Supercritical Fluids Assisted Process for the Generation of Nanostructured Biopolymeric Scaffolds". Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering) 12, n.º 1 (25 de junio de 2019): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666181126145617.

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Background: Scaffolds can be used to substitute the extracellular matrix and to favour the generation of tissues and organs. Until now, various processes have been implemented for scaffolds generation, but they are characterized by several limits. Methods: In this work, we tested a supercritical fluids assisted process for the generation of nano-structured biopolymeric scaffolds; it is characterized by three steps: generation of a polymeric gel (loaded with a porogen), drying of the gel using supercritical CO2, waterwashing to remove the porogen. Results: 3D Poly(D,L-lactic acid) scaffolds have been obtained, characterized by very high porosity (> 90%) and surface are (> 200 m2/g), and by a fibrous nanostructure (fibres ranging between 60 and 400 nm) superimposed to a micrometric cellular structure. Conclusion: Moreover, suitable mechanical properties (up to 125 KPa) and very low solvents residue (< 5 ppm) have been obtained.

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Tahir, Wajiha, S. Bilal, Nabeela Kousar, Imtiaz Ali Shah y Ali S. Alqahtani. "Analysis about enhancement in thermal characteristics of viscous fluid flow with induction of ferrite particles by using Cattaneo Christov theory". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 236, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2021): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544062211042653.

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The elevated convective heat transfer process plays vital role in performance of electronic and engineering equipment’s. Over the years various attempts have been executed in this regards, including the insertion of nano elements in poorly conducting liquids. Initially, improvement in thermophysical characteristics of ordinary fluids was observed but with advancement in nanoparticles structuring new classifications in nano elements are found. Among these discoveries experimentations have explored highly fascinating and intrinsically featured class of nanomaterials renowned as ferromagnetic nano constituents. So, the motivation regarding this investigation is execution about change in thermal features of base liquid with insertion of different ferrite particles. Here, water is considered as based liquid and Nickel Zinc Ferrite (NiZnFe2O4) and magnetite ferrite (Fe2O4) as solid particles are inserted. Impact of magnetic dipole is also envisioned to produce optimized effectiveness of ferrite particles. Energy transmission in flow domain is depicted by incorporation of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model. Mathematical formulation containing thermo mechanical features of ferrite particles are attained in complexly structured partial differential system and afterwards similarity transformations are implemented for transmutation into ODES. Constructed problem is simulated by implementing numerical approaches. Influence of involved variables on associated distributions are displayed through graphs and tables. It is demonstrated that momentum as well as heat transfer of base fluid augments with inclusion of Nickel Zinc ferrite as compared magnetite ferrite. It is inferred that velocity shows declining behavior against Curie temperature whereas reverse behavior is seen for temperature profile. It is divulged that viscous dissipation imparts diminishing impact on momentum whereas contrary behavior is depicted in case of temperature profile. In addition, increment in wall drag magnitude and thermal flux is manipulated by incorporation of (NiZnFe2O4) rather than (Fe2O4).

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9

Sztucki, Michael, Manfred Burghammer, Oleg Konovalov, Edward Mitchell y Theyencheri Narayanan. "Synchrotron X-ray Scattering techniques for soft matter industrial research and development". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (5 de agosto de 2014): C1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314086707.

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Consumer products based on soft matter technology often exhibit macroscopic properties which are strongly dependent on their micro- and nano-structures extending over multiple size scales. Synchrotron scattering techniques are ideally suited for probing these multilevel structures and deliver complementary and in some cases unique information as compared to real space methods like confocal microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy. The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) is a world-leading synchrotron light source which operates several state-of-the-art instruments for the investigation of soft materials and offers expertise to academic and industrial users. Fast and flexible access for proprietary experiments with a modular, fine-tuned service is guaranteed. A range of dedicated sample environments which mimic industrial processing conditions are available. This presentation will illustrate the state-of-the-art performance of the following synchrotron scattering techniques by recent examples of industrial relevance. Simultaneous small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) is a powerful method to determine the microstructure and phase behavior of multi-component systems like detergents, food products, pharmaceutical components, polymer composites, etc. The high photon flux translates to high throughput measurements, while the high degree of collimation and resolution permit to elucidate a wide range of length scales from a few Angstroms up to micron scale. Scanning microbeam SAXS/WAXS and single micro-crystal/fiber diffraction (µXRD) allows elucidating the local nanostructure of very small objects like micro-specimens of composite organic/inorganic materials, teeth, bones, micromechanical parts, polymer fibers, micro fluidics, etc. with micro/nanometric real space resolution. X-ray reflectivity (XR) and grazing incidence diffraction/scattering (GID /GISAXS) can reveal the nanoscale structure and complexity of nano-structured complex fluids at interfaces, organic films, biological membranes, etc.

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10

Wang, Xiao Jian, Jian Yu Xiong, Yun Cang Li, Peter D. Hodgson y Cui E. Wen. "Apatite Formation on Nano-Structured Titanium and Niobium Surface". Materials Science Forum 614 (marzo de 2009): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.614.85.

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Current orthopaedic biomaterials research mainly focuses on developing implants that could induce controlled, guided and rapid healing. In the present study, the surface morphologies of titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) metals were tailored to form nanoporous, nanoplate and nanofibre-like structures through adjustment of the temperature in the alkali treatment. The in vitro bioactivity of these structures was then evaluated by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). It was found that the morphology of the modified surface significantly influenced the apatite inducing ability. The Ti surface with a nanofiber-like structure showed better apatite inducing ability, than the nanoporous or nanoplate surface structures. A thick dense apatite layer formed on the Ti surface with nanofiber-like structure after 1 week soaking in SBF. It is expected that the nanofibre-like surface could achieve good apatite formation in vivo and subsequently enhance osteoblast cell adhesion and bone formation in vivo.

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11

Agarwal, Shreya y Ranjan Kumar. "Advances in Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement using Micro/Nano Structured Surfaces". European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, n.º 11 (29 de noviembre de 2019): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.11.1647.

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In this article we present an inclusive review of research carried out in the field of phase change heat transfer enhancement. First, we discuss about different kinds of conventional heat transfer enhancement techniques performed in convection heat transfer related heat exchangers. Next, we present the advantages of implementing phase change heat transfer and report a brief introduction to the physics behind the phase change (boiling) heat transfer phenomenon. We present a well explained data about different kinds of enhancement techniques using micro and nano scale structures on heat transfer surface/device to increase the limit of boiling heat transfer. The entire review article is broadly divided into two categories: first the investigation related to fluid flow or transport mechanism over the micro/nano structured surface which is of crucial importance, second is the actual computational and experimental methods to achieve higher heat transfer capability in terms of critical heat flux (CHF) for a given surface/device. From the ongoing work, we are able to conclude and put forward three major stages of doing research in CHF enhancement using micro/nano structures/devices viz.: (i) selection and construction of micro/nano structures, (ii) perceiving the fluid transport through capillary over the micro/nano structured surface and (iii) actual experiment/computation to compare CHF of modified device with the base device.

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12

Agarwal, Shreya y Ranjan Kumar. "Advances in Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement using Micro/Nano Structured Surfaces". European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, n.º 11 (29 de noviembre de 2019): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.11.1647.

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In this article we present an inclusive review of research carried out in the field of phase change heat transfer enhancement. First, we discuss about different kinds of conventional heat transfer enhancement techniques performed in convection heat transfer related heat exchangers. Next, we present the advantages of implementing phase change heat transfer and report a brief introduction to the physics behind the phase change (boiling) heat transfer phenomenon. We present a well explained data about different kinds of enhancement techniques using micro and nano scale structures on heat transfer surface/device to increase the limit of boiling heat transfer. The entire review article is broadly divided into two categories: first the investigation related to fluid flow or transport mechanism over the micro/nano structured surface which is of crucial importance, second is the actual computational and experimental methods to achieve higher heat transfer capability in terms of critical heat flux (CHF) for a given surface/device. From the ongoing work, we are able to conclude and put forward three major stages of doing research in CHF enhancement using micro/nano structures/devices viz.: (i) selection and construction of micro/nano structures, (ii) perceiving the fluid transport through capillary over the micro/nano structured surface and (iii) actual experiment/computation to compare CHF of modified device with the base device.

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13

Lee, Sangsoo, Hyung Kee Yoon, Kwang J. Kim, Sunwoo Kim, Mike Kennedy y Bong June Zhang. "A dropwise condensation model using a nano-scale, pin structured surface". International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 60 (mayo de 2013): 664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.01.032.

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Zhang, Zhen, Pei-Xue Jiang, David M. Christopher y Xin-Gang Liang. "Experimental investigation of spray cooling on micro-, nano- and hybrid-structured surfaces". International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 80 (enero de 2015): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.08.085.

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15

Shen, Jian, Christof Graber, James Liburdy, Deborah Pence y Vinod Narayanan. "Simultaneous droplet impingement dynamics and heat transfer on nano-structured surfaces". Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 34, n.º 4 (mayo de 2010): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2009.02.003.

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Ghalambaz, Mohammad, Haichuan Jin, Amirhossein Bagheri, Obai Younis y Dongsheng Wen. "CONVECTIVE FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OF NANO-ENCAPSULATED PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL (NEPCM) DISPERSIONS ALONG A VERTICAL SURFACE". Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 20, n.º 3 (30 de noviembre de 2022): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume220603034g.

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Nano-encapsulated phase change suspension is a novel type of functional fluid in which the nanoparticles undergo phase change that contribute to heat transfer. Thus, the working fluid carries heat not only by sensible heat but also in the form of latent heat stored in the particles. The natural convection and heat transfer of Nano-Encapsulated Phase Change Materials (NEPCMs) suspensions within a boundary layer along a heated flat surface are theoretically investigated in this work. The nanoparticles are core-shell structured with the core fabricated from PCMs covered by a solid shell. A similarity solution approach along with the finite element method is employed to address the phenomena. The outcomes indicate that a decisive factor in boosting the heat transfer is the temperature at which NEPCM particles undergo the phase transition. The heat transfer parameter can be enhanced by about 25% by just adding 5% of NEPCM particles, compared to the case with no NEPCM particles.

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Zhang, Bong June, Kwang Jin Kim y Chi Young Lee. "Behavior of an evaporating water droplet on lubricant-impregnated nano-structured surface". Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 96 (septiembre de 2018): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2018.02.035.

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18

Wang, Xin, Bo Xu, Qiusheng Liu, Yang Yang y Zhenqian Chen. "Enhancement of vapor condensation heat transfer on the micro- and nano-structured superhydrophobic surfaces". International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 177 (octubre de 2021): 121526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121526.

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19

Et.al, S. Selvakumar. "Fabrication and characterization of nano structured honeycomb absorbers and thermal analyses on solar air heating collector". Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, n.º 6 (10 de abril de 2021): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.1403.

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Fabrication of nano structured absorber is mandatory for reaping the enhanced thermal performance of solar collectors. In this connection, the nano carbon and aluminium composite was coated on aluminium substrate, which was similar to the hexagon shaped honey comb, and the solar absorber was developed. It was characterized through X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and UV–Visible spectrophotometer (UV). It was also thermally analyzed not only in outdoor conditions but also in stagnant conditions in solar air heating collector. The research results pertaining to characterization of solar absorber showed that the crystallite size was in nano ranges and the nano particles had face-centre cubic structure. The research results pertaining to characterization of solar absorber also showed that the nano composite had excellent absorption in UV and visible region. The research result related to thermal analysis in outdoor environment revealed that the enhancements of temperature on solar absorbers coated with carbon and aluminium nano composite in the mass ratio of 60:40, 70:30 and 80:20 were 23.5oC, 25.1oC and 24.4oC respectively. The research result related to thermal analysis in stagnation environment also revealed that the enhancements of temperature on glass cover, carbon and aluminium nano composite coated absorber and working fluid were 69.4oC, 110.6oC and 99.0oC respectively. On the basis of research outcomes, it could be concluded that nano carbon and aluminium composite coated solar absorber would be used for photo thermal applications due to their desirable optical and thermal properties. It could also be concluded that nano carbon and aluminium composite coated solar absorbers would be used in photo thermal appliances due to their positive impact on thermal performances.

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20

Maghami, M., S. M. Sadrameli y M. Shamloo. "Glycerin purification using asymmetric nano-structured ceramic membranes from production of waste fish oil biodiesel". Heat and Mass Transfer 54, n.º 9 (23 de febrero de 2018): 2683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2309-3.

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21

Koh, M. Y., Hyun Min Kim, H. K. Lee, Kang Yong Lee, Y. H. Lee y J. Kwak. "In Vitro Bioactivity of Bi-Structured Nano-Hybrids in the CaO-SiO₂-PTMO System". Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (mayo de 2006): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.549.

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Synthetic model of a large transparent crack-free monolithic ceramic-polymer hybrid, which was synthesized using triethoxysilane end-capped poly(tetramethylene oxide) (Si-PTMO) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), was examined in the CaO-SiO2-PTMO sol-gel system. Bulk precursor with nominal mass ratio of PTMO: TEOS = 80: 20 and surface precursor with nominal molar ratio of TEOS: Ca(NO3)2 = 1: 0.3 were subjected to hybridization through hydrolysis and condensation process, producing a bi-structured hybrid in which polymeric bulk was molecular hybridized with bioactive silicate surface. Spectroscopic and microscopic characterizations revealed that the surface of hybrid was typical bioactive silicate. In vitro study using a simulated body fluid (SBF) revealed that the hybrid formed an apatite on its surface within 6 hours in SBF, suggesting bioactive materials with high capability of tissue integration as well as polymeric physical properties.

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Lin, Lin, Yanxin Hu, Minghan Zhu, Zipei Su, Kaizhao Liu, Changxiang Fan y Jin Huang. "Boiling heat transfer on the micro-nano structured surface fabricated by mechanical sandblasting/alkali-assisted oxidation". International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 183 (febrero de 2022): 122079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.122079.

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Khorami, Mina, Saeed Hesaraki, Touradj Ebadzadeh, Sajad Farhangdoust y Ali Zamanian. "The Effect of Microwave Irradiation on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Nano-Structured Bone-Like Carbonated Hydroxyapatite". Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (octubre de 2011): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.231.

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Nanocrystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite was produced through hydraulic conversion of calcium phosphate cement in simulated body fluid (SBF) and then heated in a microwave oven at 1000-1250 °C. The phase composition and microstructures were evaluated, before and after the thermal processing, using XRD and SEM, respectively. Total porosity and bending strength of the samples were also tested. Proliferation and morphology of osteoblastic cells on samples were evaluated using MTT method. Limited growth of apatite crystals was observed by the thermal treatment in which the samples exhibited a crystal size of ~ 150 nm at heating temperature of 1250 º. Based on the results, the microwave irradiation led to a little change in phase composition of carbonated apatite and slight amount of β-TCP phase was found together with large amount of apatite. The sample irradiated at 1250 °C formed more dense material having bending strength value up to 130 % that of unheated sample. The in vitro cell studies showed that the microwave irradiated samples could provide adequate cell proliferation and attachment.

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Almeida, F., P. Venkatesh, B. J. Gireesha, B. Nagaraja y K. M. Eshwarappa. "Compressed Flow of Hybridized Nanofluid Entwined Between Two Rotating Plates Exposed to Radiation". Journal of Nanofluids 10, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2021): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jon.2021.1780.

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The existing work unveils the mixed convection squeezed flow of MHD hybridized nanoliquid amid two plates of the channel that is rotating vertically depending upon time. The fluid is sucked/injected through the channel extremes. The hybrid nanofluid anticipated here is composed of Graphene oxide and Molybdenum disulphide with the hybrid base fluid comprised of water and ethylene glycol. The scrutiny is carried out in the presence of thermal radiation and heat source. The acquired equations are numerically computed with the aid of Runge Kutta Fehlberg 4–5th order method. The entropy behavior and Bejan number are examined utilizing graphs. The novelty of the work lies in perceiving which shape of nanoparticle has better tendency in escalating the heat transport and whip up the efficiency of the channel. The flow repercussion so obtained are emphasized for both hybrid and nano phase. On enlarging squeezing parameter, velocity escalates whereas for large values of rotating parameter velocity diminishes. The temperature is highest for blade structured and least for brick shaped nanoparticles. Heat generation/absorption parameter plays a crucial role in controlling the heating and cooling process. Higher value of this parameter augments the thermal profile. Bejan number is least for blade structured nanoparticles.

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Abdelmalek, Zahra, Kamel Al-Khaled, Hassan Waqas, A. Aldabesh, Sami Ullah Khan, Sa’ed A. Musmar y Iskander Tlili. "Bioconvection in Cross Nano-Materials with Magnetic Dipole Impacted by Activation Energy, Thermal Radiation, and Second Order Slip". Symmetry 12, n.º 6 (16 de junio de 2020): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12061019.

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Ferro liquids derive their magneto–viscous behavior from the suspended magnetic nanomaterial that enables tunable changes in temperature, as well as nano-structured fluid characteristics. A theoretical model that depicts the bioconvection flow of cross nanofluid with a magnetic dipole subjected to a cylindrical surface was developed and numerically solved. The model encountered nonlinear thermal radiation, activation energy, and second order slip. The flow equations were reduced and are presented in dimensionless forms, and they were solved numerically using the shooting technique, which is a built-in feature of MatLab. The model encountered symmetrical constraints for predicting velocity, temperature, concentration, and gyrotactic microorganism distribution and profiles. Moreover, the numerical values were computed for local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number, and motile density number against each physical parameter.

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Taufiq, Ahmad, Sunaryono, Edy Giri Rachman Putra, Suminar Pratapa y Darminto. "Nano-Structural Studies on Fe₃O₄ Particles Dispersing in a Magnetic Fluid Using X-Ray Diffractometry and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering". Materials Science Forum 827 (agosto de 2015): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.827.213.

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Ferrofluid (magnetite/Fe3O4magnetic fluid) is colloidal suspension containing Fe3O4nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid carrier. In this work, Fe3O4particles in the fluid have been prepared by a simple co-precipitation route. The nano-structural behaviors such as phase purity and crystal structure of magnetite particles in ferrofluid were studied by means of X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Meanwhile, the form and structure factors were investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) spectrometer. The XRD pattern confirmed a single phase of spinel cubic Fe3O4structure. Further XRD data analysis revealed that the magnetite has a lattice parameter of 8.38 Å. The SANS data was fitted by applying a lognormal spherical calculation as a form factor and a mass fractal model as a structure factor. It showed that the magnetite ferrofluid has primary particles of 7.6 nm in diameter with fractal dimension of 1.2, which can be associated with chain-like structure. The chain-like structured Fe3O4ferrofluid based on local natural iron sand in this work opens new opportunities to be applied for novel prospective applications.

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Chandrashekara, G. y N. Rudraiah. "Electrorheological Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability at the Interface Between a Nano Structured Porous Layer and Thin Shell with Poorly Conducting Couple Stress Fluid". Fusion Science and Technology 60, n.º 1T (julio de 2011): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst11-a12405.

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Sahoo, Sarthak Prasad y Saurav Datta. "Machining response of Ti64 alloy under Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication (NFMQL)". E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901087.

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Rapid wear progression of cutting insert associated with attainment of excessive tool-tip temperature are indispensable causes which limit operational domain of cutting velocity during dry turning of Ti64 alloy. Again, to counteract demerits of flood cooling, jet of air-oil mist (MQL technology) is employed in which water-based coolants or vegetable oils are highly preferable. On the other hand, inclusion of nano-additives within base fluid, and supply the same through MQL system (NFMQL) is also a trendy area of research. Application potential of NFMQL is understood over conventional MQL in terms of better cooling, and lubrication effects due to improved thermo-physical, and tribological properties of the resultant cutting fluid. In this context, present study aims to assess performance of MQL jet containing biodegradable Jatropha oil (carried by pressurized air) when applied during longitudinal turning of Ti64 work alloy. In addition, advantages of 2D layered-structured graphene nanoplatelets (when dispersed into Jatropha oil), in purview of machining performance on difficult-to-cut Ti64 alloy under NFMQL, are studied in this work. Experimental data are compared on the basis of different lubrication conditions (dry, conventional MQL, and NFMQL). Morphology of tool wear is studied in detail. The work extends towards studying chip morphology and machined surface finish of the end product, as influenced by variation in lubrication conditions.

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Li, Kai, Yihui Zhao, Maiqi Liu, Xiaoying Wang, Fangyuan Zhang y Dazhi Wang. "A multi-scale E-jet 3D printing regulated by structured multi-physics field". Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 32, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2021): 025005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac43d1.

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Abstract Micro/nano scale structure as important functional part have been widely used in wearable flexible sensors, gas sensors, biological tissue engineering, microfluidic chips super capacitors and so on. Here a multi-scale electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) 3D printing approach regulated by structured multi-physics fields was demonstrated to generate 800 nm scale 2D geometries and high aspect ratio 3D structures. The simulation model of jetting process under resultant effect of top fluid field, middle electric field and bottom thermal field was established. And the physical mechanism and scale law of jet formation were studied. The effects of thermal field temperature, applied voltage and flow rate on the jet behaviors were studied; and the range of process parameters of stable jet was obtained. The regulation of printing parameters was used to manufacture the high resolution gradient graphics and the high aspect ratio structure with tight interlayer bonding. The structural features could be flexibly adjusted by reasonably matching the process parameters. Finally, polycaprolactone/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PCL/PVP) composite scaffolds with cell-scale fiber and ordered fiber spacing were printed. The proposed E-jet printing method provides an alternative approach for the application of biopolymer materials in tissue engineering.

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30

Usman, Auwalu Hamisu, Zahir Shah, Poom Kumam, Waris Khan y Usa Wannasingha Humphries. "Nanomechanical Concepts in Magnetically Guided Systems to Investigate the Magnetic Dipole Effect on Ferromagnetic Flow Past a Vertical Cone Surface". Coatings 11, n.º 9 (16 de septiembre de 2021): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091129.

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Because of the floating magnetic nanomaterial, ferrofluids have magneto-viscous properties, enabling controllable temperature changes as well as nano-structured fluid characteristics. The study’s purpose is to evolve and solve a theoretical model of bioconvection nanofluid flow with a magnetic dipole effect in the presence of Curie temperature and using the Forchheimer-extended Darcy law subjected to a vertical cone surface. The model also includes the nonlinear thermal radiation, heat suction/injection, viscous dissipation, and chemical reaction effects. The developed model problem is transformed into nonlinear ordinary differentials, which have been solved using the homotopy analysis technique. In this problem, the behavior of function profiles are graphically depicted and explained for a variety of key parameters. For a given set of parameters, tables representthe expected numerical values and behaviors of physical quantities. The nanofluid velocity decreases as the ferrohydrodynamic, local inertia, and porosity parameters increase and decrease when the bioconvection Rayleigh number increases. Many key parameters improved the thermal boundary layer and temperature. The concentration is low when the chemical reaction parameter and Schmidt number rises. Furthermore, as the bioconvection constant, Peclet and Lewis numbers rise, so does the density of motile microorganisms.

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Mouritsen, Ole G. y Luis A. Bagatolli. "Lipid domains in model membranes: a brief historical perspective". Essays in Biochemistry 57 (6 de febrero de 2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0570001.

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All biological membranes consist of a complex composite of macromolecules and macromolecular assemblies, of which the fluid lipid-bilayer component is a core element with regard to cell encapsulation and barrier properties. The fluid lipid bilayer also supports the functional machinery of receptors, channels and pumps that are associated with the membrane. This bilayer is stabilized by weak physical and colloidal forces, and its nature is that of a self-assembled system of amphiphiles in water. Being only approximately 5 nm in thickness and still encapsulating a cell that is three orders of magnitude larger in diameter, the lipid bilayer as a material has very unusual physical properties, both in terms of structure and dynamics. Although the lipid bilayer is a fluid, it has a distinct and structured trans-bilayer profile, and in the plane of the bilayer the various molecular components, viz different lipid species and membrane proteins, have the capacity to organize laterally in terms of differentiated domains on different length and time scales. These elements of small-scale structure and order are crucial for the functioning of the membrane. It has turned out to be difficult to quantitatively study the small-scale structure of biological membranes. A major part of the insight into membrane micro- and nano-domains and the concepts used to describe them have hence come from studies of simple lipid bilayers as models of membranes, by use of a wide range of theoretical, experimental and simulational approaches. Many questions remain to be answered as to which extent the result from model studies can carry over to real biological membranes.

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32

Otsuji, Masayuki, Takayoshi Tanaka, Akihisa Iwasaki, Hiroaki Takahashi y Yasutoshi Okuno. "Extendibility Study of Conventional IPA Drying Process From Dynamic Fluid Model for Pattern Collapse". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, n.º 28 (7 de julio de 2022): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01281258mtgabs.

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1. Introduction IPA (iso-Propyl alcohol) has been widely used in semiconductor manufacturing for drying silicon wafer to mitigate water mark and keep the surface clean after wet cleaning process. Then, IPA process has been extended by combining with the other engineering techniques such as surface modification treatment to dry fragile nano-sized Si patterns [1]. As the scaling of advanced semiconductor devices continues, however, the pattern collapse is one of the most challenging issues for IPA drying process today. Capillary force model explains the pattern collapse in the earlier studies, where Laplace pressure originated from meniscus between patterns is a critical factor [2]. And the model has been well referred to and extensively studied in semiconductor industry [3]. Although, the model does not take dynamics of fluid into account, our experimental result suggests that drying rate is also critical, i.e., pattern collapse rate decreases as drying rate increases. This result is not explained by the reported models since the drying rate is not considered as a variable. In this report, a new model is suggested and verified by unique experiments. Our proposed model assumed that osmosis of metastable liquid to nano-size structures occurs from the triple line which is the air-liquid-solid interface, and the region of osmosis is less favorable for pattern collapse. The width of osmosis region would be determined by the drying rate. Also, based on this study, extendibility of IPA drying process to smaller device feature size for advanced node is discussed. 2. Experimental Wafer processing was conducted in spin process chamber on HVM equipment for drying experiment. IPA was dispensed on rotating wafer then dried at 0 or 1500 rpm. Nano-structured wafer used was with 34 nm-diameter of Si pillars, and aspect ratio (AR) of the pillar was 12:1. Pattern collapse was observed by top-view SEM, and collapse rate was calculated by automated image analysis with obtained SEM pictures. For osmosis observation at the triple line, FPM was prepared by mixing 49% HF, 30% H2O2 and H2O at volume ratio of 1:2:100. A droplet of FPM was dropped on the surface of Si pillar pattern wafer and observed by optical microscopy while the drop was drying out. After drying, pattern collapse of the pillar pattern was observed by X-SEM. To study effect of drying rate and to maximize it, IPA was dispensed on 10×12 mm2 coupon, then vaporized at 0 rpm with flash lamp annealing. AR of the pillar was 16:1. Observation of pattern collapse by top-view SEM was also conducted. 3. Results and Discussion IPA drying at 0 and 1500 rpm resulted in collapse rate of 91.1% and 46.9%, respectively, on the pillar AR = 12:1 (Fig. 1). IPA was dried out faster when wafer rotation speed was 1500 rpm. Thus, collapse rate decreases as drying speed increases. On osmosis observation, FPM droplet was sucked into between the pillars, causing osmosis at around droplet, and generated colored interference according to liquid film thickness. X-SEM inspection after the droplet drying indicated the most pattern collapse seemed to occur at the osmosis region where liquid thickness nearly equals to the pillar height. We assumed by increasing drying rate the osmosis region would be minimized and the pattern collapse would be suppressed. To verify this model, the following evaluation was conducted. With extremely high drying rate of IPA by flash lamp annealing, we obtained 0% of collapse rate even in the pillar AR = 16:1 (Fig. 2). This result indicates that there is some more process margin for the pattern collapse on IPA drying process. 4. Conclusion In the IPA drying process, collapse rate decreases as drying rate increases. Our proposed model assumed that osmosis region of metastable liquid to nano-size structures occurs from the triple line, and the pattern collapse happens there. That explains reasoning for lower collapse rate at higher drying speed is that osmosis is minimized when drying rate is maximized. Test result from maximized IPA drying rate by flash lamp annealing indicates that there is some more process margin for the pattern collapse. In our view, by this method IPA drying process might be extended to two more device nodes. References [1] T. Koide, et. al., ECS Transactions, 69 (8) 131-138 (2015). [2] T. Tanaka, et. al., Jpn. J. appl. Phys., 32 6059 (1993). [3] S. Farshid, et. al., Langmuir Article, 16 (2010). Figure 1

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Chime, Salome. "Application of Cyperus esculentus oil in the development of sustained release diclofenac sodium-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier". Journal of Current Biomedical Research 2, n.º 3, May-June (30 de junio de 2022): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54117/jcbr.v2i3.23.

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The aim of the work was to develop sustained release diclofenac sodium nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) using tigernut oil (TNO), solid lipids and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) and to evaluate the properties of the formulations. Structured lipids containing tiger nut oil, Softisan®154 and Phospholipon® 90H at varying ratios were prepared by fusion and used as the lipid carrier in formulating the NLC. PEGylated lipid carriers were also employed and the physicochemical properties of these formulations were studied using standard methods including particle size and polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity and drug release. The results revealed some monodispersed nano-sized formulations that were stable over time. Particle size ranged from 75.22 ± 22.72 nm to 78.11 ± 32.73 nm. High encapsulation efficiency of about 92 % was obtained confirming the suitability of the TNO based carrier. In vitro drug release in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.2) revealed that PEGylated diclofenac sodium-loaded NLC exhibited significantly higher sustained release properties than the non-PEGylated formulations (p <0.05). The results of the drug release kinetics models revealed that the NLC followed a mixed order release kinetic. Hence, the findings in this work showed that TNO could be used as a lipid carrier matrix in combination with other solid lipids for the development of sustained release diclofenac sodium-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier.

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34

Liu, J., Z. Dong y X. Miao. "Porous Alumina/Zirconia Composite Scaffold with Bioactive Glass 58S33C Coating". Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 6 (septiembre de 2010): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.6.87.

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Strong and tough, macroporous alumina/zirconia composites are superior to alumina scaffolds but still biologically inert to bone tissue, leading to poor tissue ingrowth and osteointegration. One way to solve this problem is applying a bioactive coating onto the pore walls of the macroporous composites. In this study, macroporous alumina/zirconia (20vol%) composites (scaffolds) were prepared by a vacuum infiltration method involving the use of strained (10%) compacts of the expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads (typically 1-2.8 mm in diameter). A bioactive glass (58S33C) coating (~ 20 μm) was applied on the pore walls of the macroporous composites by slurry dip coating and sintering at 1200 oC for 1 hour. A top or outer bioactive glass (58S33C) thin layer (< 10 μm) was further applied by sol dip coating and sintering at a low temperature (< 800 °C). The bioactive glass-coated macroporous alumina/zirconia composites had well interconnected pores, relatively large pore sizes (1-2 mm), medium porosities (60-66%), high compressive strengths (7.52 – 5.42 MPa), and high bioactivity (with an apatite layer formed within 24 hours in the simulated body fluid). The combination of the strong and ultrafine (if not nano-structured) macroporous scaffolds with the multiple or graded bioactive coatings represented a new generation of bone substitutes or permanent scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.

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35

Kvamme, Bjørn. "Small Alcohols as Surfactants and Hydrate Promotors". Fluids 6, n.º 10 (30 de septiembre de 2021): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6100345.

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Many methods to produce hydrate reservoirs have been proposed in the last three decades. Thermal stimulation and injection of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors are just two examples of methods which have seen reduced attention due to their high cost. However, different methods for producing hydrates are not evaluated thermodynamically prior to planning expensive experiments or pilot tests. This can be due to lack of a thermodynamic toolbox for the purpose. Another challenge is the lack of focus on the limitations of the hydrate phase transition itself. The interface between hydrate and liquid water is a kinetic bottle neck. Reducing pressure does not address this problem. An injection of CO2 will lead to the formation of a new CO2 hydrate. This hydrate formation is an efficient heat source for dissociating hydrate since heating breaks the hydrogen bonds, directly addressing the problem of nano scale kinetic limitation. Adding limited amounts of N2 increases the permeability of the injection gas. The addition of surfactant increases gas/water interface dynamics and promotes heterogeneous hydrate formation. In this work we demonstrate a residual thermodynamic scheme that allows thermodynamic analysis of different routes for hydrate formation and dissociation. We demonstrate that 20 moles per N2 added to the CO2 is thermodynamically feasible for generating a new hydrate into the pores. When N2 is added, the available hydrate formation enthalpy is reduced as compared to pure CO2, but is still considered sufficient. Up to 3 mole percent ethanol in the free pore water is also thermodynamically feasible. The addition of alcohol will not greatly disturb the ability to form new hydrate from the injection gas. Homogeneous hydrate formation from dissolved CH4 and/or CO2 is limited in amount and not important. However, the hydrate stability limits related to concentration of hydrate former in surrounding water are important. Mineral surfaces can act as hydrate promotors through direct adsorption, or adsorption in water that is structured by mineral surface charges. These aspects will be quantified in a follow-up paper, along with kinetic modelling based on thermodynamic modelling in this work.

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Tassaddiq, Asifa. "Impact of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model on MHD hybrid nano-micropolar fluid flow and heat transfer with viscous and joule dissipation effects". Scientific Reports 11, n.º 1 (11 de enero de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77419-x.

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AbstractReview of literature reveals that hybrid nanofluids are more effective for heat transmission as compared to the conventional fluids. Nevertheless, the knowledge of developed techniques for the enhancement of heat transmission in hybrid nanofluids has many gaps and, subsequently, an extensive study for such fluids is vital. In this article, the author investigates the effect of hybrid nanoparticles on the thermal efficiency of nano-structured nanoparticles (micropolar fluid) by using the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model. The magnetic field is pragmatic normal to the hybrid nanofluid flow direction. In order to investigate the influence of physical parameters, the proposed model has been converted to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by means of involved variables. Furthermore, the analytical and numerical approaches are compared by using different techniques to comprehend the significance of this research. It is found that macro-velocity field reduces with micropolar factor and Hartmann number. A significant result is found in micro-velocity field for the cases when$$n = 0.5$$n=0.5and$$n = 0$$n=0. Also an escalating conduct in thermal field is observed against the increasing estimations of Hartmann number, micropolar parameter, Eckert number, and material parameter.

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37

He, Nan, Sirisha Thippabhotla, Cuncong Zhong, Zachary Greenberg, Liang Xu, Ziyan Pessetto, Andrew K. Godwin, Yong Zeng y Mei He. "Nano pom-poms prepared exosomes enable highly specific cancer biomarker detection". Communications Biology 5, n.º 1 (4 de julio de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03598-0.

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AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly nano-sized small EV exosomes, are emerging biomarker sources. However, due to heterogeneous populations secreted from diverse cell types, mapping exosome multi-omic molecular information specifically to their pathogenesis origin for cancer biomarker identification is still extraordinarily challenging. Herein, we introduced a novel 3D-structured nanographene immunomagnetic particles (NanoPoms) with unique flower pom-poms morphology and photo-click chemistry for specific marker-defined capture and release of intact exosome. This specific exosome isolation approach leads to the expanded identification of targetable cancer biomarkers with enhanced specificity and sensitivity, as demonstrated by multi-omic exosome analysis of bladder cancer patient tissue fluids using the next generation sequencing of somatic DNA mutations, miRNAs, and the global proteome (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD034454). The NanoPoms prepared exosomes also exhibit distinctive in vivo biodistribution patterns, highlighting the highly viable and integral quality. The developed method is simple and straightforward, which is applicable to nearly all types of biological fluids and amenable for enrichment, scale up, and high-throughput exosome isolation.

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38

Woerdemann, Mike, Florian Hörner y Cornelia Denz. "Structured attachment of bacterial molecular motors for defined microflow induction". Optofluidics, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 1, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/optof-2014-0001.

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AbstractBacterial rotational motor complexes that propel flagellated bacteria possess unique properties like their size of a few nanometres and the ability of selfreproduction that have led to various exciting applications including biohybrid nano-machines. One mandatory prerequisite to utilize bacterial nano motors in fluid applications is the ability to transfer force and torque to the fluid, which usually can be achieved by attachment of the bacterial cell to adequate surfaces. Additionally, for optimal transfer of force or torque, precise control of the position down to the single cell level is of utmost importance. Based on a PIV (particle image velocimetry) evaluation of the induced flow of single bacteria,we propose and demonstrate attachment of arbitrary patterns of motile bacterial cells in a fast light-based two-step process for the first time to our knowledge. First, these cells are pre-structured by holographic optical tweezers and then attached to a homogeneous, polystyrene-coated surface. In contrast to the few approaches that have been implemented up to now and which rely on pre-structured surfaces, our scheme allows for precise control on a single bacterium level, is versatile, interactive and has low requirements with respect to the surface preparation.

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39

Yang, Siyan, Tingting Hao, Mucan Liu, Xingtong Yu y Xuehu Ma. "Effect of Morphology of Nano-Structured Surfaces on Anti-Icing Performance". Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 12, n.º 6 (16 de junio de 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4047006.

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Abstract Droplets bouncing off cold surfaces before being frozen is one way to achieve anti-icing, in which process superhydrophobic surfaces have been proven to play an important role. By using template-assisted method, three types of copper nanowired superhydrophobic surfaces (NSHSs) with mainly two morphologies (aggregated and upright) are fabricated. CuO nanograssed superhydrophobic surface (SHS) and copper smooth hydrophobic surface (HS) are also fabricated as a comparison. Compared with smooth HS and nanograssed SHS, all NSHSs exhibit better performance in repelling impacting droplet. In detail, on three types of NSHSs with temperatures ranging from 20 °C to −20 °C, impacting droplets can totally rebound. Among the three types, nanowires aggregated most exhibit the best water-repellency performance. The different performances among the five surfaces are due to surface temperature and surface morphology parameters, including micro/nano-size and surface roughness.

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40

Wang, Joanna S., Bruno Ullrich y Gail J. Brown. "PbS Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Supercritical Fluid Deposition, and Optical Studies". MRS Proceedings 1449 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.792.

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ABSTRACTLead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles (NPs) of different sizes (2.0 nm - 14.4 nm) have been synthesized in our laboratory. By using those NPs, we formed colloidal films on glass and GaAs substrates employing a specialized supercritical fluid CO2 (sc-CO2) deposition method. The deposited films contain only the PbS NPs and the protecting group of oleic acids and require no polymer matrix. The NP films are solvent free, environmentally stable, and show good adhesion to the substrates. The sc-CO2 deposition process can deposit films ranging in thickness from a few monolayers, in well ordered arrays, up to 0.5 μm or greater. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of these nano-structured films were studied with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy from 5 K up to 300 K.

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41

BUDAKLI, Mete. "CONCEPTUALIZATION, THERMAL ANALYSIS, AND MANUFACTURING OF NANO-TEXTURED MICRO-STRUCTURED SURFACES FOR ENHANCED CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER". Journal of Thermal Engineering, 30 de abril de 2021, 867–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18186/thermal.930682.

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42

Caligulu, Ugur, Nida Darcan y Haluk Kejanli. "Surface morphology and optical properties of Ca and Mn doped TiO2 nano-structured thin films". Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, mayo de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2021.05.006.

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43

Han, Dong, Sara Goldgraben, Mary D. Frame y Pelagia-Irene Gouma. "A novel nanofiber scaffold by electrospinning and its utility in microvascular tissue engineering". MRS Proceedings 845 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-845-aa5.48.

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ABSTRACTCellulose acetate (CA) thin, porous membranes were produced by electrospinning precursor polymer solutions in acetone at room temperature. During this process, CA nanofibers were produced when a high electric field of 12 kV was applied to the precursor solution. The diameters of fibers obtained varied from 100 nm to 1.2 μm while the average diameter was approximately 500 nm. The electrospinning parameters used to control the morphology of the fibers and their membranes are flow rate, the distance between the syringe needle that ejects fluid and the collector, and the voltage applied. These membranes were used as scaffolds for microvascular cells growth. The structure of the membranes that were produced mimic the topography and porosity of extracellular matrix (ECM) in two key ways. The fiber diameter mimics extracellular protein fiber diameter, thus enabling cellular attachment and facilitating cellular migration. The porosity mimics that of extracellular matrix such that microvascular capillary tube formation is enhanced. The non-woven fiber mats were examined by means of electron microscopy and the nanofibers were seen to be oriented randomly. The issue of strengthening the CA scaffold is currently studied by adding ceramic nano-structured component (carbon nanotubes) in the polymer membranes.

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44

Bottaro, Alessandro. "SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES FOR DRAG REDUCTION". Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Rendiconti di Scienze, 30 de diciembre de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/scie.2014.177.

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Properties of superhydrophobic materials are examined in light of their possible use for drag reduction in naval applications. To achieve superhydrophobicity a low-surface-energy material must be structured so as to minimize the liquid-solid interactions. The crucial aspect is that of maintaining a layer of gas in between the (rough) wall and the liquid, and this can be achieved by hierarchical micro- and nano-structuring of the solid surface, to ensure a sufficiently large apparent slip of the fluid at the wall, thus reducing skin friction. The behavior of the liquid is quantified by a slip length; recent results have shown that this length can be as large as 400 μm. As far as transition to turbulence is concerned, we show that superhydrophobic surfaces are effective (i.e. they delay the onset of travelling instability waves) only in channels with characteristic dimensions of a few millimeters. Conversely, when the fluid flow has already attained a turbulent state, the gain in term of drag reduction can be very significant also in macroscopic configurations. This occurs because the relevant length scale of the boundary layer is now the thickness of the viscous sub-layer, which can be of magnitude comparable to the slip length, so that an effective coupling emerges. Finally, some procedures to produce superhydrophobic surfaces are examined, in light of the possible application of such innovative coatings on the hull of ships.

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"Behaviour of Fly Ash based Geopolymer Concrete using Nano-Material". International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, n.º 12 (10 de octubre de 2019): 4436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l3676.1081219.

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In the Construction sector the need of cement is expanding step by step for fulfilling the need of improvement of foundation developments. The creation of Ordinary Portland concrete emanates the enormous amount of CO2 into the climate. Hence, it is basic to discover choices to make the solid eco - neighborly. Low calcium fly ash based geopolymer cement is a substitute choice for bond based cement. It is an inorganic alumina-silicate compound, blended from fly ash remains. The exploratory work on Geopolymer cement is to assess the impact of different parameters influencing its compressive quality and usefulness of cement so as to improve its general execution was extended. Basic arrangement utilized for present examination is mix of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. By applying the Nano Technology, expansion of Nano silica is to improve the quality of cement. The essential distinction between geo-polymer cement and Portland bond cement is the binding property. The silicon and aluminum oxides in the low-calcium fly slag responds with the soluble fluid to frame the geo-polymer concrete that ties the free coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and other un-responded materials together to shape the geo-polymer concrete. As on account of Portland bond concrete, the coarse and fine totals possess around 75 to 80% of the mass of geo-polymer concrete. The impact of totals, for example, reviewing, precision and quality, are viewed as equivalent to on account of Portland bond concrete. Along these lines, this segment of geo-polymer solid blends can be structured utilizing the instruments as of now accessible bond for Portland concrete. The principle goal of this exploration work is to break down the carbon dioxide free cementitious material with its quality, functionality properties and their impacts on Geopolymer concrete for maintainable improvement.

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