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Journal of Chinese Philosophy, Editors. "Classical Chinese Philosophy Index of Names". Journal of Chinese Philosophy 28, n.º 1-2 (1 de febrero de 2001): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15406253-0280102012.
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Biers, William R. y Robert E. Bell. "Place Names in Classical Mythology: Greece". Classical World 83, n.º 4 (1990): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4350647.
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Vittinghoff, Helmolt. "Classical Chinese Philosophy Index of Names". Journal of Chinese Philosophy 28, n.º 1‐2 (enero de 2001): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0301-8121.00043.
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Beretta, Marco. "Names as Rewards". Nuncius 34, n.º 2 (12 de junio de 2019): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03402002.
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Abstract Contemporary scientific terminology is populated by thousands of eponyms, technical terms derived from the names of discoverers and inventors. Since the ultimate goals of scientific language are precision and objectivity, the ever increasing use of eponyms is puzzling. Eponyms betray the inherent contradiction between the supposed neutrality and anonymity of scientific discourse and individual vindication. The systematic use of eponyms has resulted in one of the most effective reward systems in Western science. Moreover, it is interesting to note that eponyms do not represent a recent form of recognition; their genealogy can be traced back to classical antiquity, in particular to the Hellenistic era and as a feature of the scientific lexicon they have undergone surprisingly little change over more than two millennia. In my essay I explore the genealogy of scientific eponyms and their cultural background and I shall focus my attention on classical and early modern science. During classical antiquity the use of eponyms served an important dual purpose, on the one hand paying tribute to those individuals who, by dint of their discoveries and written works, gained eminence in a specific field of enquiry, and on the other hand helping to map the historical geography of a discipline and thus establish its boundaries as well as its future prospects. During the Renaissance, with the rediscovery of the classics and the reaffirmation of the cultural value of science and technology, the coining of eponyms gained unprecedented momentum and proliferated in most disciplines.
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Evans, Richard. "Classical Names in Pretoria ‘Praestantia Praevaleat Pretoria’". Language Matters 32, n.º 1 (enero de 2001): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228190108566175.
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Almuhanna, Amin y Jean-François Prunet. "From Classical to Modern Arab Names and Back". Anthropological Linguistics 61, n.º 4 (2019): 405–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0023.
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Pulleyn, Simon. "The Power of Names in Classical Greek Religion". Classical Quarterly 44, n.º 1 (mayo de 1994): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800017171.
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It has become a commonplace to say that, in classical Greek and Roman religion, to know the name of a god was to have power over him. The idea was rejected by Martin Nilsson, but he did not argue the point at any great length and a more detailed discussion may be of use. In this paper, I shall examine those contexts where it might be maintained that gods' names possessed some kind of intrinsic power but I shall conclude that the phenomenon is marginal and not universally true of Greek religion as a whole. To do this, we shall have to consider the whole question of how far the Greeks were worried about divine names and what the motives for this may have been. Evidence derived from prayers is of particular importance in this.
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Patel, BD, A. Upadhayaya y NN Tiwari. "Binomial nomenclature and its relation to nomenclature of medicinal plants in Classical literatures". Journal of Ayurveda Campus 1, n.º 1 (19 de octubre de 2020): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51648/jac.11.
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Background: Practice of Ayurveda nomenclature (Nāmākaranam) of dravyas (Medicinal Plants) in Ayurveda traces back to the Vedic periods which is supposed to be 5000 B.C. In Vedas, plants were named after mythological belief, structure of plant’s part resembling with part of birds and animals, or rituals uses, uddabhava sthana (Habitat), svarūpa (morphological characters), karma (Pharmacological action), etc. It got scientific basis in samhitas period and named more than thousand dravyas by close observation of morphological characters, habit and habitat, and therapeutic uses. However, it states that basis of Nāmākaranam of dravyas was elaborated in Nighantus and enriched with more terminologies, and hence it is known as parayāyas (synonyms). Recently, Bentham & Hooker’s binomial nomenclature has been practiced in Ayurveda so that uniformity of Dravyas names can be maintained and accepted worldwide.
Aim and objective: The main objective of this review is to explore methodology of Nāmākaranam in Vedas, samhitas and Nighantus and its relationship with binomial nomenclature. Material and method: Ayurvedic literatures and surfing web was main sources of gathering information related to names of plants.
Results: Nāmākaranam of plants was found to be based on scientific evidences that describe morphological features, habit and habitat, therapeutic indications, and physical and chemical properties, doctrine of signature, source of raw materials for industries or home made products, etc. For instance, the name catuḥsira for asthisamharī coined in śabdacandrikā suggests its quadrangular stem on which the Latin name Cissus quadrangularis Linn. has been accepted. Some more names can be suggested like Bahusutā (Asparagus racemosa Linn.), Raktāngi (Rubia cordifolia), Sthirasāra (Tectona grandis), Gudatvak (Cinnamomum tamala), Visākha (Boerhaavia diffusa), etc. On the basis of above examples, it can be revealed that binomial nomenclature is improved ones of Ayurveda nomenclature for its acceptance worldwide.
Conclusion: Names of plants mentioned in Vedas and Samhitas; and parayāyas in Nighantus are based on its udabhava, svarūpa, karma, sādharma, ruḍhī, svabhāva, lokopayoga, etc. Which are also considered by Bentham & Hooker’s binomial nomenclature to coin scientific name of plant species.
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M, Deivendran. "Feminine names in Purananuru". International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-14 (29 de noviembre de 2022): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1416.
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The purpose of this article is to explore the evolution of feminine nouns and also paper trace out possible aspects to know through the Sangam literature that the ancient Tamil people gave importance to tradition in their lives. The uniqueness of the Tamil tradition is that it gives the home life internally and the homeless other life outside. Among them are Purannauru, who San the trio of virtue, Material and Home, which can be praised as Puram, Puranool, Purappattu, Purampu and the Tamil treasury. That is structured and subdivided into classical genetics.
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Wang, SHihao. "Comparative analysis of classical naming in Chinese and Russian". Litera, n.º 3 (marzo de 2024): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2024.3.70124.
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The subject of the study is the producing motivational bases of nominees in the Chinese and Russian languages. The object of the study is naming in two cultures. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the theory of nomination and its unique features in relation to Chinese and Russian linguistic cultures; the concept of naming and the process of creating onyms in two languages under the influence of historical background. Particular attention is paid to the Chinese tone, which influences the creation of ononyms, as well as a comparative study of onoms in the Chinese and Russian languages. The study was based on provisions formulated by linguists who study issues related to naming and nomination theory: Y.Y. Huang, A.K.K. Chan, V. Mathesius and others. Research methods: systematization and generalization, etymological analysis, conceptual analysis, linguocultural analysis. The main conclusions of the study are the provisions formulated based on the results of the comparative analysis: in Chinese culture, names are chosen to convey certain meanings and connotations. Chinese proper names often consist of two or three characters, with the surname coming first. Surnames are usually passed down through generations and carry with them a deep sense of tradition and origin. Names are often chosen to reflect virtues or values that parents hope to embody in their child. Names can also be chosen based on elements of Chinese astrology, such as the five elements and 12 animal signs. In Russian culture, names also have important meaning and are chosen based on many factors. They usually consist of a first name, a patronymic (derived from the father's name) and a last name. Surnames are usually inherited and reflect the ethnic or regional origin of the family. Names may be chosen based on religious significance, family traditions, or popular trends. The author’s special contribution to the study of the topic is that the article summarizes the main similarities and differences in Russian and Chinese naming. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time, based on etymological analysis, it established the relevant features of naming in the Chinese and Russian languages, which are also presented in a comparative aspect.
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Gimadeev, E. R. "THE NAMES OF FISH IN CLASSICAL LITERATURE (IN HORACE’S POETRY)". Учёные записки Петрозаводского государственного университета 170, n.º 1 (enero de 2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/uchz.art.2018.11.
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Müller-Wille, Staffan. "Names and Numbers: “Data” in Classical Natural History, 1758–1859". Osiris 32, n.º 1 (septiembre de 2017): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/693560.
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Sylvand, Thomas. "CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT CLASSICAL ORGAN MUSIC IN AFRICA". African Musicology Online 8, n.º 2 (24 de noviembre de 2021): xx. http://dx.doi.org/10.58721/amo.v8i2.11.
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African related pieces in the organ Repertoire is a question not often challenged even if few scholarly studies exist; most of them concerning Afro-American composers. Practically, this means that in order to schedule a concert, “usual” organists will not give many names and these names won’t be the same in New-York, Lagos or Paris, where the “reputation” of Jean-Louis Florentz, for instance did not go as far as the landscapes he used to dream. Because of a specific project (Myrelingues, born in Lyon, but involving international partners); this question of Organ Repertoire became a pragmatic issue, including the opportunity of commissioning new works. This article gathers information from various sources related to the expanse of this field. In connection with this experience, Africa is considered a very large connecting topic including non-African composers. In addition, it also opens questions of inter-textuality, the importance of figures and consequences of dialog between musical works during the process of a kind of “birth” of such a Repertoire.
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Asatrian, Garnik. "Marginal Remarks on the History of Some Persian Words". Iran and the Caucasus 16, n.º 1 (2012): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/160984912x13309560274172.
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AbstractThe paper includes historical comments on several Persian words from classical texts and vernacular language, particularly the lexical group denoting 'mandrake', some other plant-names ('water-cress', 'fenugreek'), adjectives and social terms ('bald', 'prostitute', 'lame'), names of body-parts ('head', 'thigh'), traditional food, kinship terms ('firstling'), honorific titles ('lord; rich merchant', 'a name of God'), animal-names ('frog, toad'), etc.
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Vrioni, Georgia y Theodoros A. Peppas. "What’s in a Name? Hellenic Origins of Microbiological Nomenclature". Acta Microbiologica Hellenica 69, n.º 2 (30 de mayo de 2024): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/amh69020010.
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Our intention was to trace the origins of names that every microbiologist comes to pronounce or write down in her/his daily practice and, particularly, to elucidate the etymological debt of this medical field to the two great languages of classical antiquity, Greek and Latin. According to the system of binomial nomenclature established by Linnaeus in the 1750s to give a unique name to each species, consisting of two terms, the name of the genus and the name of the species, combinations were based on Greek and Latin. The two major cocci consist of a literally classical example. Streptococci, named so by Bilroth from the Greek word “στρεπτόν—strepton” (necklace), and staphylococci, baptised by Ogston from “staphyli—σταφύλι” (grape), were both so named due to their appearance under microscopy. Two well-known species of these genera bear Latin names denoting colour, greenish for S. viridans and golden for S. aureus. Other bacteria display the discovering scientist like, E. coli for Escherich, Brucella from Bruce, or Pasteurella from Louis Pasteur. Similar pathways also exist for viruses, even back to Hippocrates, like Herpesviruses from “έρπης—herpes” (creeping) or Arenaviruses from “arena—sand”, and fungi, as mycology itself originates from “μύκης—myces”, Greek for fungus, and Aspergillus from the verb “aspergo” (to sprinkle).
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Normurodovna, Torakulova Oysulton. "FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL TERMS IN LINGUISTICS: THE EXAMPLE OF CLASSICAL LANGUAGES". American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 05, n.º 05 (1 de mayo de 2023): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume05issue05-02.
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Every science develops and improves with time. The development of the science of Latin language and medical terminology in the field of medicine is related to medical sciences. The names of medical news, diseases, and drugs have been given in Latin-Greek for centuries and will remain so. It is not for nothing that Latin is recognized as the international medical language. This will further help medical scientists to work together.
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Oren, Aharon y Bernhard Schink. "Use of Greek in the prokaryotic nomenclature: proposal to change Principle 3, Recommendation 6, Rule 7, Rule 65 and Appendix 9 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2020): 3559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004142.
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Principle 3 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) states that the scientific names of all taxa are Latin or latinized words treated as Latin regardless of their origin. They are usually taken from Latin or Greek. Recently we encountered cases where newly proposed names were based on words from Modern Greek that are not derived from words found in the dictionaries of Classical Greek. In our opinion, there is no special reason why Modern Greek words not found in the classical language should have a special status in the ICNP. We therefore propose modifying Principle 3, Recommendation 6, Rule 7, Rule 65 and Appendix 9 of the ICNP to specify the special status of Classical Greek besides Latin.
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Hajdini, Simon. "Names at the Tip of the Nose". Amfiteater 9, n.º 2021-2 (5 de diciembre de 2021): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51937/amfiteater-2021-2/64-67.
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The problem of naming is not just any philosophical problem but rather central to classical ontology. The latter depends on the notion of names (onomata) as latching onto things (pragmata) in their essential being. As such, the name has traditionally been tied to the concept of truth as adequatio or correspondence between knowledge and being, intellect and thing, or proposition and reality. The author proposes to cast a side-glance at this massive philosophical problem, approaching it from the singular point of view of smells and their striking relationship to language.
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Li, Mo y Ekaterina S. Ryabtseva. "Street Names of Shanghai and Ekaterinburg: A Comparative Study". Вопросы Ономастики 17, n.º 1 (2020): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.007.
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The paper presents the findings of a comparative study of street names (hodonyms) in Shanghai and Ekaterinburg in terms of their motivation and historical background. It gives a picture of the main milestones in the history of Shanghai to reveal the general principles of assigning street names: the ancient period associates with natural naming, a particular style of names that modern native speakers regard as classical or “ancient”; the Сoncession Period was marked by a strong European influence in the naming of linear objects; the period after the Xinhai revolution and the period after the formation of the Republic of China are notable by the use of ideological concepts that underlie the naming of city facilities. Based on the semantic classification of hodonyms developed by Yulia A. Kachalkova, the authors distinguish three main groups of street names (memorial, descriptive, and conditionally symbolic), describing features of a specific cultural background behind the formally similar types of names. For instance, the names of mountains inherent in street names in the Chinese culture, besides referring to physical objects, are also symbolic. This brings the authors to identify the street naming patterns that are unique for Russian and Chinese tradition. The hodonymy of Shanghai is peculiar for its appeal to culturally significant texts, the use of fundamental concepts written down in the “old style,” images of mythological animals, whereas in Ekaterinburg a street name typically refers to everyday life and technology. Some examples of structural and semantic differences in the formation of street names are given (namely, the use of syntactically incoherent ideological references in street names of Shanghai at a certain historical stage). It is suggested that some practices of street naming in Shanghai, namely the correlation between the street location and the geographical location of the object it was named by, could be adopted into Russian context.
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ATAEV, Boris Makhachevich y Zarema Abakarovna SHAMKHALOVA. "ARABIC LAYER OF PERSONAL NAMES IN THE AVAR LANGUAGE". Herald of Daghestan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Science, n.º 77 (30 de julio de 2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestdnc77/8.
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The system of personal names of the Avar language has formed over a long period in a peculiar historical, geographical and linguistic conditions. Ethnic and cultural contacts of the Avars, both with neighboring and geographically remote tribes and peoples, are directly reflected in the system of personal names of the Avars. The Arabic classical anthroponymical model became the basis for further development of personal name systems in the Avar language. Anthroponyms-arabisms, represented in the modern Avar language, are divided into various thematic groups, and conditioned by their correlation with certain concepts in the source language. These names can be described as canonical Muslim names, fixed by the traditions of Islam.
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Lakina, Svetlana. "FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF PROPER NAMES IN TEXTBOOKS ON THE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE ‘CLASSICAL LITERATURE’". Lomonosov Journal of Philology, n.º 5, 2023 (23 de octubre de 2023): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2023-47-05-6.
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The article is devoted to the frequency analysis of anthroponymic units in textbooks on the discipline ‘Classical Literature’. The analysis of these lexical units was carried out in two stages — first by computer, and then by manual processing of texts. The objective of the research was to identify the lexical features of the text of the subject area, as well as the features of the frequency dictionary of the discipline ‘Classical Literature’, due to the uniqueness of the course under consideration. The article discusses one of the features of the terminological component of the discipline ‘Classical Literature’ — terminological syncretism. The essence of this concept in the discipline under consideration is that on the pages of textbooks on Classical Literature for higher educational institutions, you can find the terminology of other areas of knowledge. Thus, the study of the discipline under consideration presupposes knowledge of the terminological units of such fields of knowledge as history, philosophy, rhetoric, and others. Also, in the course of the research, it was possible to identify the feature of the composition, the specifics of the types and functions of anthroponyms in textbooks on Classical Literature against the background of other disciplines. In addition, the automated frequency analysis of vocabulary made it possible to identify the richest and poorest textbooks in terms of the number of anthroponyms, as well as unique anthroponyms. Automated analysis of anthroponyms in textbooks has both methodological and scientific value. Methodologically this research is important for preparation the lexical minimum of the discipline. And its scientific significance consists in the fact that frequency analysis correlates with the periodization of the object of research and with the point of view of each of the authors on it.
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Malash, O. V. "ANTHROPONYMY: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL DIMENSION (A CASE STUDY OF THE CLASSICAL AND MODERN UKRAINIAN PROSE)". Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, n.º 29 (9 de noviembre de 2022): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2022.29.262394.
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The paper provides an analysis of formal and informal anthroponyms that act in the classical and modern Ukrainian prose. A case study of the names given to the characters of the prose works of I. Nechui-Levytskyi, Panas Myrnyi, M. Kulish, H. Tarasiuk, S. Protsiuk, M. Hrymych, M. Kidruk etc. shows how the names serve as means of linguistic expressiveness, reveals the thought and emotional space of the character, his/her personal, national, and religious identity. The object of the study are anthroponyms (formal, hypocoristics, nicknames, pseudonyms) used in the classical and modern texts. The subject of the research are the functional and stylistic opportunities of anthroponyms in fiction, and the linguophilosophical and linguopsychological dimension of proper names. The descriptive method and the method of contextual analysis are used toward the selected material – anthroponymical vocabulary of the Ukrainian fiction. The aim of this research is a functional, stylistic, and linguophilosophical analysis of the formal and informal anthroponymy in its relation to the issues raised by the authors in their prose. We raise a question how a name and the author’s attitude to the character (the holder of that name), a name and perceiving its holder by other characters, a name and self-awareness correlate. An emotional intimacy is emphasized as a factor that motivates people to use informal name variants. Some revealed variants symbolize the adulthood, infantilization, renunciation of the past or trying to preserve it. We uncover the reasons for naming of one character with many names and two characters – with the same name. It is shown how can they make ideological conflicts about the names, why a formal name is not required for the character, and what kind of role can the name variant play in the courtship ritual.
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Yusupova, N. "Forgotten names: Kashshaf Patii". Philology and Culture, n.º 2 (25 de junio de 2024): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2782-4756-2024-76-2-254-259.
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The article studies Kashshaf Patii’s work, identifying the development features of his poetry in the context of literary and aesthetic thought of the early twentieth century. As research shows, the educational paradigm contributes to the formation of a poetic concept of the world, the concept of a lyrical hero and motifs in his works. Tracing the main trends in the development of Kashshaf Patii’s poetry and the main periods of his work, we identify the features of the development of national literature of the early twentieth century as a whole and determine general and specific aspects in the patterns of the national literary art development. This determines the relevance of our work. It is for the first time that the work of Kashshaf Patii has become the object of a systematic study and literary analysis. It is the first study about the life and creative biography of the poet. As a result of the study, we conclude that Patii’s first works put forward the idea of developing Tatar society on the basis of education, knowledge and culture; their dominant motif is Tatar society’s call for social transformation. At the same time, romantic techniques predominate in the artistic and aesthetic aspects. This indicates that the poet’s work belongs to educational romanticism. At the second stage of his work, the author reflects on the mission of the poet and poetry in the context of classical romanticism - on the highest values in the world, while serving the nation is interpreted as divine predestination. The alienated lyrical hero, experiencing loneliness, comes to the fore in his philosophical lyrical poetry.
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Isaksen, Leif, Elton Barker, Eric C. Kansa y Kate Byrne. "GAP: A NeoGeo Approach to Classical Resources". Leonardo 45, n.º 1 (febrero de 2012): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00343.
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Google Ancient Places (GAP) is a Google Digital Humanities Award recipient that will mine the Google Books corpus for classical material that has a strong geographic and historical basis. GAP will allow scholars, students, and enthusiasts world-wide to query the Google Books corpus to ask for books related to a geographic location or to ask for the locations referred to in a classical text. The traditional difficulty of identifying place names will be overcome by using a combination of URI-based gazetteers and an identification algorithm that associates the linear clustering of places within narrative texts with the geographic clustering of locations in the real world.
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Alexiadou, Artemis. "On the morphosyntax of synthetic compounds with proper names: A case study on the diachrony of Greek". Word Structure 13, n.º 2 (julio de 2020): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2020.0167.
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This paper discusses the formation of synthetic compounds with proper names. While these are possible in English, Greek disallows such formations. However, earlier stages of the language allowed such compounds, and in the modern language formations of this type are possible as long as they contain heads that are either bound roots or root- derived nominals of Classical Greek origin. The paper builds on the following ingredients: a) proper names are phrases; b) synthetic compounding in Modern Greek involves incorporation, and thus proper names cannot incorporate; c) by contrast, English synthetic compounds involve phrasal movement, and thus proper names can appear within compounds in this language. It is shown that in earlier Greek, proper names had the same status as their English counterparts, hence the possibility of synthetic compounds with proper names. It is further argued that the formations that involve bound/archaic roots are actually cases of either root compounding or root affixation and not synthetic compounds.
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Laansalu, Tiina, Peeter Päll y Tõnu Tender. "Katse kirjeldada artefaktinimesid". Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 11, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2020): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2020.11.1.07.
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Artefaktinimed on traditsiooniliselt liigitatud kultuurnimede alaliigiks, mis hõlmab inimese loodud rajatiste nimesid. Inimtekkeliste objektide hulk on tänapäeval aga üha suurem ja erinäolisem, eriti linlikus keskkonnas, mistõttu vajab traditsioonilise kohanimede klassifikatsiooni artefaktinimede rühma kirjeldus täpsustamist ja täiendamist. Artikkel vaatleb artefaktinimesid kolmes kasutussfääris: maapiirkonnas, linnapiirkonnas ja slängis. Ruraalsete artefaktinimede puhul on analüüsitud Harjumaa Jüri ja Kose kihelkonna kohanimistuid, urbonüümide alusandmed pärinevad KNABist ning keskenduvad suures osas Tallinna nimedele. Slänginimede puhul on esitatud valdavalt Tallinna ja Tartu näited, mis pärinevad eri aegadel valminud teadustöödest, artiklitest ning internetist.
Abstract. Tiina Laansalu, Peeter Päll, and Tõnu Tender: An attempt to describe artefact names. Artefact names have been traditionally classified as a subtype of cultural names designating names of man-made facilities. The number of human-constructed objects is growing rapidly and they are very diverse, especially in the urban environment, therefore the classical description of artefact names needs updating and elaborating. The article looks into artefact names in three domains: the rural environment, the urban environment and slang expressions. Examples of rural artefact names have been taken from the Jüri and Kose parishes in Harjumaa, urban names are based on the data from Tallinn of the Place Names Database (KNAB) of the Institute of the Estonian Language, slang names are taken from various sources covering mainly Tallinn and Tartu.
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Hasina, Juriani Musurifu, Haeurn Ana y Fahruddin Hanafi. "KEMAMPUAN MENULIS CERITA FANTASI SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI SATU ATAP 1 MAROBO". Jurnal Bastra (Bahasa dan Sastra) 5, n.º 2 (10 de mayo de 2020): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/jb.v5i2.13987.
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Abstract : The problem in this research is how the students' ability to write fantasy stories on the aspect of suitability of the content with the title, orientation aspects, complications aspects, aspects of resolution, aspects of pronouns / names of people, aspects of word choice, aspects of conjunctions of time sequence, word expressions / surprise, and aspects of using direct dialogue / sentences? The purpose of this research is to describe the ability to write fantasy stories on the aspects of suitability of the content with the title, orientation aspects, complications, aspects of resolution, aspects of pronouns / names of people, aspects of word choice, aspects of conjunctions of time sequence, words of surprise, and aspects of dialogue usage. /direct sentence. This type of research is classified as field research. The method used is descriptive quantitative method. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the ability to write fantasy stories of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri Satu Atap 1 Marobo, Muna Regency is in the individually capable category. This is evidenced by the 61 students who were used as the research sample, there were 53 students (86.88%) who were in the capable category individually and there were 8 students (13.12%) who were categorized as unable individually. Classically, the ability to write fantasy stories of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri Satu Atap 1 Marobo, Muna Regency, falls into the classically capable category. It is said to be capable because students who individually achieve at least 70% ability of 86.88% reach the classically capable category, namely 85%. It can be seen from the ability level of class VII students of SMP Negeri One Roof 1 Marobo, Muna Regency in every aspect of assessment, aspect of resolution, aspect the conjunctive order of the time and the aspect of the expression of the words surprised completely classically, because it has reached 85% classical completeness. Meanwhile, the aspect of content conformity with the title, orientation aspect, complications, pronouns / names of people, choice of words and use of direct dialogue / sentence are not classically complete because they have not reached 85% classical completeness. The aspect of using surprised expressions is in the best percentage, namely (91.80%), the aspect of writing resolution (88.52%), the aspect of using conjunctions of time sequence (86.88%), the aspect of writing pronouns / people's names (65 , 57), the aspect of content suitability with the title (63.93%), the complication writing aspect (63.93%), the orientation writing aspect (59.01%), the word choice aspect (55.73%), and the dialogue usage aspect. / direct sentence is in the lowest rank by reaching the percentage (45.90%). Key words: fantasy story; ability, writing; essay
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Striano, Araceli. "Eros dans l’anthroponymie grecque". Mnemosyne 71, n.º 4 (20 de junio de 2018): 640–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12342356.
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AbstractThe history of Greek personal names (PN) related to the theonym Eros is striking.1 Despite being one of the most important gods, Eros, along with Aphrodite, is largely absent from Greek proper names in the archaic and classical periods. Later, however, and especially under Rome, there is a remarkable increase in PN at Rome and Pompeii, as well as in Hispania. The reason for the absence of Eros in early Greek names is most likely the sense of the Greek term ἔρως as ‘passionate love’, whereas its increased popularity in Hellenistic and Roman times reflects the more genial representation of the god of love in statues and reliefs.
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Megha Rani Raigonda and Ambika. "Classical Dance Hand Gesture Recognition using Image Processing and Deep Learning". February 2023 9, n.º 02 (28 de febrero de 2023): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0902032.
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Recognition of Dance posture & hand gesture in dance is most important. To get the exact names of these mudras some expertise should be there. So without expertise our proposed system recognizes the dance posture and hand geture. Indian classical dance traditionally performed as an expressive show dance type of strict execution workmanship, connected with Vedic writing. It's likewise a method of articulation of inward sentiments, assisting with creating self-conviction and fearlessness. Significance of old style dance is the activity of the whole self. Due to picture names, picture quality, uneven dataset and pixels values the accuracy is not good. So our proposed system implies the CNN and Deep Learning algorithm to recognizes the Dance posture and Hand gesture. Our system is used for all users who are interested in dance. Without a teacher can get the dance posture details. Introduced here Kathakali and Bharatnatyam Hand Mudras. Referred Kaggale site for dataset and also we added our own dataset. Each image recognizes the proper name and gives in the form sound also of Hand Mudra. Gaussian algorithm is used for more accuracy purpose.
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BURKS, ROGER A. "Formation of family group names using the stem of -gaster, with special reference to names based on Miscogaster and Sphegigaster (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)". Zootaxa 3389, n.º 1 (16 de julio de 2012): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3389.1.7.
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Article 29.3.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature dictates that family group names are formed by deleting the case ending from the genitive singular, when the genus ends in a Latin or classical Greek word (ICZN 1999). This process determines the genitive stem of the word. Formation of a family group name based on an incorrect genitive stem is considered an incorrect original spelling, and the Code requires that it be be automatically changed to the correct stem if described before 1999 in cases where this does not create a junior homonym (Article 35.4.1).
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Ataev, Boris Makhachevich y Zarema Abakarovna Shamkhalova. "THE TURKIC LAYER OF PERSONAL NAMES IN THE AVAR LANGUAGE". Herald of the G. Tsadasa Institute of Language, Literature and Art, n.º 24 (16 de diciembre de 2020): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestiyali24/1.
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The system of personal names of the Avar language was formed over a long period under peculiar historical, geographical and linguistic conditions. Historically formed ethnic and cultural contacts of the Avars, both with neighboring and geographically remote tribes and peoples, are directly reflected in the system of personal names of the Avars. After classical Arabic, the Turkic anthroponymic model became the further basis for the development of personal name systems in the Avar language. Anthroponyms-turkisms represented in the modern Avar language are divided into various thematic groups, which are determined by their correlation with certain concepts in the source language.
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Murzin, I. P. "Precedent name: from the source spheres “literature” and “cinema” in the target sphere “political discourse” (based on the material of the Spanish-language media)". Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 9, n.º 2 (28 de junio de 2023): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-32-47.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of the metaphorical use of precedent names from the source spheres “literature” and “cinema” in the political discourse of modern Spanish-language mass media. The names of heroes of ancient mythology, works of classical Spanish and foreign literature, including children’s literature, as well as movie characters, carriers of certain qualities and properties, are widely used as precedents. As a result of the study, the grounds for metaphorical transfer from the named source spheres to the target sphere are established. The function of precedent names is also revealed not only as actualizers of the precedent situation, but also as a means of characterization of political opponents in the sphere of political discourse in the context of the struggle of political forces for the possession, preservation and disposal of power. The modern political discourse of the Spanish-language media as an arena of political confrontation is characterized by intolerance, agonality, the “language of hostility” marking opponents as “alien” in the “friend”– “alien” binary opposition with the predominance of discrediting characterization of political opponents aimed at debunking claims to leadership of a politician, demonstrating his incompetence and hanging labels. In the context of the language game, precedent names are used as a metaphorical definition of the names of current politicians. For characterization, precedent names are taken with both negative and positive connotations, but imparting a negative connotation to the object of characterization due to the emerging phenomenon of enantiosemia when using them as a metaphorical definition of proper names. Thanks to the atmosphere of the language game created in journalistic texts by means of well-known precedent names from works of mass culture, through the game connection of the name of a politician with the precedent name of a characteristic hero, such texts acquire the property of information and entertainment journalism, they implement the pragmatic function of precedent names aimed at manipulating the addressee, at encouraging him to act for the purposes of one political actor or another, and a sign of political technologies is revealed with full evidence of the author’s intentions.
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Page, Roderic D. M. "DNA barcoding and taxonomy: dark taxa and dark texts". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, n.º 1702 (5 de septiembre de 2016): 20150334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0334.
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Both classical taxonomy and DNA barcoding are engaged in the task of digitizing the living world. Much of the taxonomic literature remains undigitized. The rise of open access publishing this century and the freeing of older literature from the shackles of copyright have greatly increased the online availability of taxonomic descriptions, but much of the literature of the mid- to late-twentieth century remains offline (‘dark texts’). DNA barcoding is generating a wealth of computable data that in many ways are much easier to work with than classical taxonomic descriptions, but many of the sequences are not identified to species level. These ‘dark taxa’ hamper the classical method of integrating biodiversity data, using shared taxonomic names. Voucher specimens are a potential common currency of both the taxonomic literature and sequence databases, and could be used to help link names, literature and sequences. An obstacle to this approach is the lack of stable, resolvable specimen identifiers. The paper concludes with an appeal for a global ‘digital dashboard’ to assess the extent to which biodiversity data are available online. This article is part of the themed issue ‘From DNA barcodes to biomes’.
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AYDIN, DILARA. "KLASİK TÜRK ŞİİRİNDE DÜVÂZ-DEHLER". Türk Kültürü ve HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ Araştırma Dergisi 103 (20 de septiembre de 2022): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34189/hbv.103.013.
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Düvâz-dehs is the name given to the poems, which are also called düvâz, düvâz-nâme and düvâzimâm and mentioned in relation to the subject of twelve Imams. It is considered as a genre belonging to Alevi and Bektashi literature. It is known that they are read during the semah, when slaughtering sacrifices, and in various rituals during the month of Muharram. The focus of the researchers on the düvâz-dehs, which was studied by Turkish folk literature researchers, is the breaths spoken about the Twelve Imams in the Alevi and Bektashi tradition. Although the researchers mentioned the existence of the düvâz-dehs sung in the forms of classical Turkish poetry, they stated that they are closer to folk poetry in terms of language, style and shape, and that folk literature was dominant in the measurements. In the studies carried out throughout Turkish literature, three poets who sang düvâz-dehs were identified in the classical poetry tradition. In the classical Turkish poetry, no examination and definition of the genre has been made on düvâz-dehs. They are examined under the names as “Twelve Imams praise” and “Twelve Imams elegy”, thus a comprehensive düvâz-dehs literature cannot be put forward in the classical Turkish poetry. As far as we can determine, they are sung by poets who comes from different sects and they have many different forms of writing from the first half of the 15th century to the last quarter of the 19th century. In this study, first, the researches on the düvâz-dehs are summarized and the current information about the düvâz-dehs is presented to the attention of the researchers. Then, the düvâz-dehs sung in the tradition of classical Turkish poetry are examined in terms of their scope, structure, relationship with public life and contribution to text critique by considering the century they were written, the form of the poems and the known affiliations of the poets.
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McMANUS, DAMIAN. "SURNAMES AND SCIONS: ADJECTIVAL QUALIFICATION OF CHRISTIAN NAMES AND COGNOMINA IN CLASSICAL IRISH POETRY". Ériu 63, n.º 1 (2013): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eri.2013.0004.
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Makeham, John. "Names, Actualities, and the Emergence of Essentialist Theories of Naming in Classical Chinese Thought". Philosophy East and West 41, n.º 3 (julio de 1991): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1399248.
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McManus, Damian. "Surnames and Scions: Adjectival Qualification of Christian Names and Cognomina in Classical Irish Poetry". ÉRIU 63, n.º -1 (1 de enero de 2013): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3318/eriu.2013.63.117.
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Bhattacharjee, Reetu, Mihir Kr Chakraborty y Lopamudra Choudhury. "Venn Diagram with Names of Individuals and Their Absence: A Non-classical Diagram Logic". Logica Universalis 12, n.º 1-2 (21 de febrero de 2018): 141–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11787-018-0186-7.
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Beljan, Dijana. "O adaptaciji latinskih imena i nekih rimskih tehničkih termina / On the Adaptation of Latin Names and some Roman Technical Terms". Journal of BATHINVS Association ACTA ILLYRICA / Godišnjak Udruženja BATHINVS ACTA ILLYRICA Online ISSN 2744-1318, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 427–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54524/2490-3930.2018.427.
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The topic of this paper is Latin personal names and their adaptation into South Slavic languages based on a shtokavian standard (Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian and Montenegrin), with examples and proposed solutions. According to tradition, Latin names were first read and written phonetically, a process in which the original name was completely distorted, as its root was masked. A problem arises when researchers come into contact with rarer or newer names, either Greek or Latin, and, not paying attention to the rules of adaptation, adapt the new names by modelling them after similar names according to the Latin nominative or incorrectly read the root of the name and write them down phonetically. This requires a permanent solution, which, we believe, lies in the original writing which preserves the root of the name and leaves open the possibility of both pronunciations: the original Roman (classical) pronunciation, and the simplified (traditional) pronunciation brought about in the Middle Ages, e.g. Caesar-Caesara-s Caesarom [Kajsar-Kajsara-s Kajsarom / Cezar-Cezara-s Cezarom]. In order to apply or, at least, attempt to apply this, it is necessary to become acquainted with the nature of the Latin language, which has its own principles of writing and pronunciation, especially with regard to ancient Rome as the subject of scholarly writing and publication. This, of course, cannot by applied to newlycoined technical terms from the fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals, and information technology, as they do not date from the classical period, but are rather modern coined words which have a traditional approach to Latin and, while they are often incorrectly coined, are not the subject of this paper. Examples are added which are incorrectly coined from the fields of government, law and religion, which are also adopted haphazardly and written according to the researcher’s discretion.
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Noor, Damhuri Dj y Ratni Bt H. Bahri. "USLUB AL-ILTIFAT FI DIRASAT ULAMA AL-BALAGAH AL-QADIM WAL HADITS". LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 14, n.º 2 (6 de enero de 2020): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ling.v14i2.7292.
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The paper discusses the al-Iltifât language style in the Arabic tradition of science. Al-Iltifât is the transition of communication patterns in the conversation. Ontologically, al-Iltifât as a style of the language regarded as the crucial part of balaghah study, because there is no unity of definition and scope of study among scholars, even the names are quite varied. In the tradition of classical study, ulama provide various names. The scope of this al-Iltifât is limited to transition on the use of pronouns, the use of verbs, and the transition of themes in the conversation context. In contrast to modern balaghah scholars who are expanding the scope of the al-Iltifât, they are not bound by the definition and scope of the study proposed by classical scholars. They depart from the general terminology that all forms of communication pattern transition are included in the al-Iltifât category. Therefore, they develop various types that have an impressive communication pattern transition.
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Blinova, Yu A. "Precedent names as a way to semiotize culture in modern German fictional discourse". Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 29, n.º 1 (21 de abril de 2023): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2023-29-1-159-165.
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The article analyzes the functioning of precedent proper names through the lens of cognitive linguistics, using the novel Olga by Bernhardt Schlink as a source. The precedent names and titles are being analyzed as cultural code markers and means to verbalize the key concepts in German culture of the XX century, such as BERMENSCH, LOST IDEALIST, WANDERLUST. Precedent names mark the cultural codes manifested through objects, music, art, space and time which eventually form a nations spiritual code. The main sources of German national cultural codes are demonstrated by precedent onomasticon which, in its turn, proves the steady domineering of book culture in the XX century. Precedent mythonyms and hagionyms demonstrate that the cultural layers of Classical antiquity and Christian culture are still preserved. Functional and semantic features of precedent onyms liken them to abstract names which enables them not only to verbalize spiritual cultural codes but to manifest symbolisation of specific linguistic culture.
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KALYON, Abuzer. "KLASİK TÜRK EDEBİYATINDA ARUZ KALIPLARININ İSİMLERİYLE BİRLİKTE VERİLMESİ KONUSUNDA METALİ’ÜN NEZA’İR’İN II. CİLDİNDEN HAREKETLE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME". IEDSR Association 6, n.º 12 (29 de marzo de 2021): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.269.
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Peşteli Hüseyin Hisali is known as Budinli or Peşteli Hisâlî. Little is known about his life in the sources. His most important contribution to Ottoman literature is the magazine called Metâli'ü'n-nezâ'ir, which he composed in two volumes with his own handwriting. It is an inevitable neces-sity to make use of magazines in order to make the history of Turkish literature fully formed. The divan or divançes of many poets who made significant contributions to the classical Turkish literature were either not created or survived. In order to reach the poets of these poets and to make evaluations about them, it is necessary to examine the magazines. In the last ten years, academic studies and publications have been made on classical Turkish literature poems or ma-gazines containing only couplets or mufra. This situation is undoubtedly gratifying. We believe that both volumes of Metâli'ü'n-nezâ'ir are noteworthy in terms of containing the poetry examp-les of hundreds of poets of classical Turkish literature. In this two-volume magazine, there are matla examples of Turkish poetry, of poets of Turkish literature that developed in the Ottoman geography and outside the Ottoman geography. There are a total of 27,310 couplets with matte in both volumes of the magazine. This is important in terms of exemplifying and exhibiting an important accumulation. They adopted the Arab and Persian culture-literature styles, which the Turks recognized immediately after their acceptance of Islam, and adapted them to their own literatures. One of these common features of Islamic literatures is the measure of prosody. Metâli'ü'n-nezâ gives important clues about what the full-fledged names of the measure of aruz used in classical Turkish poetry are. In 2011, at Gazi University Institute of Social Sciences, Prof. Dr. Peşteli Hisâlî Metâliü'n-nezâ'ir (Second - Volume) Examination - Text, which we pre-pared under the consultancy of Ahmet Mermer, is included in the full-fledged names of the pro-sody patterns in our doctoral thesis. In this study, which we prepared by making use of our the-sis and other sources, the prosody patterns used in Classical Turkish literature were given toget-her with their names.
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Micheva, Vanya. "НАЗВАНИЯ ЗА ЖИЛИЩЕ В БЪЛГАРСКАТА ЕЗИКОВА КАРТИНА ПРЕЗ СРЕДНОВЕКОВИЕТО / NAMES FOR LIVING PLACES IN THE BULGARIAN LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD IN THE MIDDLE AGES". Journal of Bulgarian Language 68, n.º 68.04 (30 de enero de 2022): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.68.21.04.05.
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This study presents the linguistic and semantic realizations of the concept of living places in the Old Bulgarian classical and original works from the 9th – 11th centuries and in the works of Patriarch Euthymius. A system of words and collocations and their use in different contexts are analyzed in view of their relation to Christian culture and the medieval picture of the world. The author traces the process of enrichment of the names for living places and the changes in the conceptual content of the studied words and collocations. Keywords: names for living places, medieval conceptosphere, history of the Bulgarian literary language
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Lakina, Svetlana Valentinovna. "What do the most frequent anthroponyms say in the framework of the discipline "Classical Literature"". Litera, n.º 1 (enero de 2024): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2024.1.69706.
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The article is devoted to the most frequent anthroponymic lexemes that are used within the framework of the discipline "Classical Literature". The subject of the research was the upper part (the first ten in terms of frequency of anthroponyms) of the frequency dictionary, compiled on the basis of textbooks on the specified subject area. Anthroponyms are presented in the article both in a short and in their full version, that is, taking into account cognomen or prenomen. The research methodology consists in a combination of quantitative automated and manual analysis, and contextual analysis was also applied. The scientific novelty of the conducted research lies in the differentiation of thematic and non-thematic anthroponyms and in identifying the reasons for the usage of names in sections and chapters of the textbook that are not devoted to them. In the course of the research, it was found out that the fundamental factor that influences the quantitative indicators of the use of a particular lexeme is the thematic affiliation of a particular textbook. This approach makes it possible to distinguish the center (where the frequency thematic anthroponyms are located) and the periphery (where the infrequent non-thematic anthroponyms are located) of the onomastic space. In addition to this difference, common indicators for all textbooks were also identified. Most of the units (49 from 50) included in the top ten in frequency are used in the content of textbooks not only in the sections devoted to them, but also in others, which deal with other personalities. Such usage of the names of real historical figures suggests an increase in their importance within the framework of the discipline "Classical Literature". In addition, it was possible to identify and classify the reasons for such use of names.
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Lakina, Svetlana V. "FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF TOPONYMS IN TEXTBOOKS ON THE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE "CLASSICAL LITERATURE"". Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 26, n.º 4 (22 de diciembre de 2022): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2022-4-65-79.
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The article is devoted to the frequency analysis of place names in textbooks on the discipline "Classical Literature". The analysis of these lexical units was carried out in two stages – first by computer, and then by manual processing of texts. The objective of the research was to identify the lexical features of the text of the subject area, as well as the features of the frequency dictionary of the discipline "Classical Literature", due to the uniqueness of the course under consideration.
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Franchi, Elena. "Genealogies and Politics: Phocus on the Road". Klio 99, n.º 1 (21 de enero de 2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/klio-2017-0001.
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Summary:On usually refers to all the figures named „Phocus“ as one and the same Phocus, the alleged eponymous hero of the Phocians, and wonder why he has so many „Doppelgänger“: one or more Homeric heroes, a son of Aecus, a son of Ornytion, and so on. This paper assumes instead that there are many different heroes whose names are Phocus, and wonders to what extent and why were they linked. Indeed the contradictory stories about Phocus represent an interesting case of the permeability of the heroes' genealogies and of the traditional narratives about them in archaic and classical Greece. A survey of the sources shows that all the figures named „Phocus“ were more than once linked together to express specific needs. These needs reflect different aims and historical events which are ascribable mainly to the archaic and classical periods. Moreover, they are concerned with Phocis as well as with Corinth, Aegina, Locris, Thebes and Thessaly. By reconstructing wherever possible the chronological context of the different layers and overlaps and by linking them to the several traditions concerning heroes named Phocus, it is possible to construct a map which describes some of the relationships, some geopolitical landscapes and, to a certain extent, even some geopolitical lines working in Central Greece and beyond from the archaic to the Roman period.
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Khamar, Jigish. "Tackling the Learning Curve of Medical Terminology: Experience of a Medical Student with a Background in Classical Languages". International Journal of Medical Students 11, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2023): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2023.1935.
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Upon entering medical school, many students encounter a steep learning curve when handling the vast and intricate vocabulary that healthcare workers use daily. Since the basis of medical terminology has developed from the roots of classical languages, it would theoretically be helpful to provide medical students with a foundational knowledge of Latin and Greek. My experience with learning classical languages before entering medical school has allowed me to have a formulaic approach when tackling unfamiliar medical terminology. By breaking up medical terms like transsphenoidal hypophysectomy into their respective roots, I can create a quick definition for myself before being given any formal teaching on the matter. The primary advantage of this learning style is that it reduces the burden of memorization on the student. The lectures from medical school help refine the preliminary definitions, which makes memorization much easier since students already have a basic framework for each new term encountered. However, certain considerations need to be kept in mind when utilizing the classical approach to understanding medical terminology. For example, the Latin and Greek roots cannot define eponyms like Wilson’s disease, named after the person who discovered the disease, or provide information on medications as their names have non-classical origins. Overall from my experience, the benefits of the formulaic approach make it a valuable tool during the initial years of medical school when the content is taught in a classroom setting and it can provide the foundation for an easier transition into the clinical environment.
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Yusra, Yosmiza. "Improving Islamic Students’ Ability on Mastering Names and Responsibilities of Angels through Word Guessing Game". Al-Ta lim Journal 24, n.º 2 (31 de julio de 2017): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/jt.v24i2.263.
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From the researcher's experience in the field, many students were reluctant to ask for any clarification, unwilling to express their opinion, less able to give feedback, and did disruptive behaviors during the learning process. Ideally, students are expected to be active and involved in the learning process and to get good learning outcomes. This study is a Class Action Research (CAR), which attempts to improve students' activity and learning outcomes. The research was conducted through four main stages: planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and reflection. The research findings from teaching the names and responsibilities of angels through the classical method do not obtain maximum result. On the other hand, word guessing learning model shows better results than that of the classical one. In this model, students are motivated to compete with one another in making and answering the questions. The normally passive students are encouraged to participate actively in learning. Thus, it can be concluded that the learning process with of the game will improve students' learning outcomes
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Maddison, David R. y John S. Sproul. "Species delimitation, classical taxonomy and genome skimming: a review of the ground beetle genus Lionepha (Coleoptera: Carabidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189, n.º 4 (26 de febrero de 2020): 1313–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz167.
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Abstract The western North American genus Lionepha is shown to contain at least 11 species through a combination of eight-gene species delimitation analyses and morphological study. In order to confirm the names of several species, we sequence DNA of primary types of several names, including a LeConte lectotype collected in the 1850s, using next-generation sequencing. We examine chromosomes of eight species, and show that all have 12 pairs of autosomes and an X0/XX sex-chromosome system. The following species are described as new: Lionepha australerasa, L. kavanaughi, L. lindrothi and L. tuulukwa. The name Lionepha erasa is shown to belong to a relatively rare, western species ranging from Oregon through Alaska; the common, widespread species previously known as Lionepha erasa now takes the name L. probata. Bembidion chintimini, B. lindrothellus and B. lummi are synonymized with L. erasa. We provide tools to identify specimens to species, including illustrations, diagnoses and distribution maps.
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Flower, Michael A. "IG II2.2344 and the size of phratries in classical Athens". Classical Quarterly 35, n.º 1 (mayo de 1985): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800014713.
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Little is known about phratries in ancient Athens. The few surviving pieces of evidence, both literary and epigraphical, do not provide an adequate basis for a convincing reconstruction of most details. It may be possible, however, to say something more about the number and size, even if not about the organization and function, of phratries in the fifth and fourth centuries b.c.The purpose of this note is to show how IG II2.2344 is relevant to the question of phratries. It is a list of twenty names with patronymics, comprising three families and two isolated individuals, under the heading,Δι⋯ς ⋮ Φρατρίο ⋮ Ἀθην⋯ας ⋮ Φρα[τρίας] | οἵδε ɸρ⋯τερεςThe inscription is in the form of a dedication, and after Δι⋯ς ⋮ Φρατρίο ⋮ Ἀθην⋯ας ⋮ Φρα[τρίας] one should understand στήλη or ἱερ⋯ στήλη. There are several other examples of this form of dedication, though none is exactly parallel. The stele was most likely set up in the sanctuary of the phratry, and that would explain why a list of phratry members should be in the form of a dedication. In the absence of other criteria, the inscription is dated by letter forms to the early fourth century.Surprisingly enough this inscription has been either ignored or curtly dismissed in the literature concerning the number and nature of Athenian phratries. In 1902 Alfred Körte concluded that this list of twenty names constituted the total membership of a phratry. But in 1910 Anton von Premerstein maintained that the list was only of a single thiasos within a phratry. We know that by the beginning of the fourth century phratries were subdivided into units called thiasoi, which are to be distinguished from the private religious associations of the same name. Von Premerstein argued that the constant appeals of the orators to the testimony of phratry members render it very unlikely that one phratry could be so small as to have only twenty members, even if there were more than twelve phratries altogether.