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1
Knott, Andrew. "The multitude and hegemony". Thesis, University of Brighton, 2011. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c92867c0-15ad-4cfd-82b0-2b018684907f.
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This project critically interrogates the conceptualisation of the multitude in the works of Hardt and Negri. It challenges two of their central claims. Firstly, their assertion that early modernity is best understood through the lens of the conceptual battle between Hobbes and Spinoza, in terms of the people versus the multitude. Secondly, their contention that the multitude is the primary agent of radical politics in the twenty-first century. In terms of early modernity, this project examines the role the multitude plays in the thought of three republican theorists, Marsilius of Padua, Machiavelli and Spinoza. These theorists provide an equivocal account of the multitude, but also develop a coherent political project. This involves placing articulation - through consent, communication and the common notions - at the forefront of a new, mass, participatory and egalitarian politics. These three theorists do not oppose the people to the multitude, nor sovereignty to democracy, as Hardt and Negri claim. Rather, they develop a mobile account of political sovereign power founded on articulation. Hardt and Negri identify the multitude as the emergent agent of a contemporary communist politics. This identification is based on their reading of Spinoza's conceptualisation of the multitude, alongside broad historical developments in the second half of the twentieth century. They again oppose democracy to sovereignty, and express this opposition through hostility towards traditional organisational forms of the left, in particular, political parties and trade unions. Instead, they embrace the network as the appropriate form of organisation for the multitude. As in my discussion of the early modern period, this project argues that contemporary politics cannot be understood through the sovereignty-democracy dichotomy theorised by Hardt and Negri. Instead I defend an account of hegemony, which draws on Laclau's conceptualisation of articulation in political struggles. This entails developing a mobile account of sovereign power, allied to the development of Gramsci's account of hegemony. I demonstrate the conceptual links between Machiavelli's account of consent and more recent accounts of hegemony. Machiavelli's account of consent, in turn, is indebted to Marsilius' earlier contribution to this debate, and serves as a guide for Spinoza's subsequent development of a new form of politics based on communication and the common notions.
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Laniol, Éric. "Brouillons, papillonnements, dérives : une multitude en acte". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20041.
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Produire ses brouillons incertains, proposer des ébauches qui n'affirment rien d'autre que leur état passager, papillonner dans des informations visuelles multiples, voilà autant d'actions dont cette thèse a souhaité manifester la présence, proposant du m^eme coup d'admettre l'indéterminé comme objet de connaissance. Cette étude s'appuie donc non seulement sur les rebonds de ma pratique dispersive, mais vise aussi à établir les bases théoriques d'un comportement artistique récent, indiquant au hasard de son parcours instable quelques spécifités d'un art contemporain éclaté et nomade. Aujourd'hui en effet, l'art est un immense champ de possibles, prolifique et éparpillé, qui court le danger de l'indifférenciation et de l'effacement au coeur d'une société toujours plus avide de signes. Le papillonnement est cette attitude singulière qui multiplie les expériences, se saisit puis se déssaisit des sujets et des images rencontrées, réfute l'achèvement et le programmatique et accepte de folâtrer dans des genres annexes. Cette attitude n'est cependant pas qu'une simple résultante de notre société kaléidoscopique, elle s'affirme comme une activité légère et mineure, une posture dilettante mais cependant résistante en ce qu'elle refuse constamment d'admettre les paramètres établis, les esthétiques officialisées. Par le biais de ma propre pratique, dérivante sont ainsi mis en balance la pertinence comme le danger de cette posture ambivalente, à la fois ouverte et dé pendante du système qui autorise son ouverture. Comment penser un mode d'inscription symbolique en adéquation avec soi et le présent, comment renouer avec la notion d'imaginaire sont des questionnements que pose toute "multiplicité en acte", malgré (ou avec) ses oscillations : agitée par des conditions externes, elle entreprend de tirer parti de ces mouvements pour se projeter, et ajouter son supplément au réel.
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Garmendia, Eva. "A Unified Multitude : Experimental Studies of Bacterial Chromosome Organization". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-332471.
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Bacteria are many, old and varied; different bacterial species have been evolving for millions of years and show many disparate life-styles and types of metabolism. Nevertheless, some of the characteristics regarding how bacteria organize their chromosomes are relatively conserved, suggesting that they might be both ancient and important, and that selective pressures inhibit their modification. This thesis aims to study some of these characteristics experimentally, assessing how changes affect bacterial growth, and how, after changing conserved features, bacteria might evolve. First, we experimentally tested what are the constraints on the horizontal transfer of a gene highly important for bacterial growth. Second, we investigated the significance of the location and orientation of a highly expressed and essential operon; and we experimentally evolved strains with suboptimal locations and orientations to assess how bacteria could adapt to these changes. Thirdly, we sought to understand the accessibility of different regions of the bacterial chromosome to engage in homologous recombination. And lastly, we constructed bacterial strains with chromosomal inversions to assess what effect the inversions had on growth rate, and how bacteria carrying costly inversions could evolve to reduce these costs. The results provide evidence for different selective forces acting to conserve these chromosome organizational traits. Accordingly, we found that evolutionary distance, functional conservation, suboptimal expression and impaired network connectivity of a gene can affect the successful transfer of genes between bacterial species. We determined that relative location of an essential and highly expressed operon is critical for supporting fast growth rate, and that its location seems to be more important than its orientation. We also found that both the location, and relative orientation of separated duplicate sequences can affect recombination rates between these sequences in different regions of the chromosome. Finally, the data suggest that the importance of having the two arms of a circular bacterial chromosome approximately equal in size is a strong selective force acting against certain type of chromosomal inversions.
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Arnoni, Kiersten L. "Challenging the Biopolitical: The Arab Spring and the Multitude". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1338575260.
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Haynes, Thomas. "Modernization and the Wilhelmine feature film : vision, multitude, motion". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10024667/.
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Germany’s first feature films have been largely overlooked. As is the case with most European cinemas, the films of the early 1910s sit awkwardly between those made by the pioneers of the 1890s and the masterpieces of the 1920s, almost entirely obscured by both. While much has been done to understand the emergence and development of cinema in Wilhelmine Germany, and in particular its social, institutional and economic underpinnings, very little attention has been paid to the films themselves. Whereas the majority of textual analyses have been preoccupied with works that paved the way for Expressionism, as with the Autorenfilme and fantasy films, relatively little has been done about Germany’s popular cinema – those genres that were widely dismissed at the time but which had an enormous commercial appeal: comedy films, crime films and sensational melodramas. By learning from the new film history that close film analysis must be supported by an equally close understanding of broader social and cultural contexts and the history of film style, this thesis thus turns to some of these overlooked works both as effects of Germany’s delayed but rampant modernization around the turn of the twentieth century and also as works that belong to a medium undergoing its own significant transformation. By paying close attention to the stylistic devices and motifs that these films invoke, plus to the contemporary debates about the status of cinema and attempts to come to terms with modern experience more broadly, this thesis thus treats these texts as formal artefacts that are of interest in and of themselves, as records of a crucial stage of a medium’s development, which also enable us to register the impact of emerging discourses and practices at a time of widespread social and cultural upheaval.
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Page, Cecil Steven. "Creating nomads the importance of education in forming the multitude /". Click here to access dissertation, 2007. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2007/cecil_s_page/page_cecil_s_200708_edd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Georgia Southern University, 2007."A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education." Curriculum Studies, under the direction of William Reynolds. ETD. Electronic version approved: December 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 162-169)
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Fitz, Jonathan Gordon. "From Brown to Blue: An Exploration in Singularity and Multitude". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1398853414.
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Ansaldi, Saverio. "Infini, désir, multitude : Spinoza et la pensée baroque de la puissance". Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040302.
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Ce travail analyse la constitution du système spinozien à partir du concept de puissance et du rapport que ce même système entretient avec la pensée baroque espagnole. A travers la mise en oeuvre de ce rapport, le système spinozien révèle la logique de sa constitution, et cela dans trois domaines thématiques précis : ontologie, anthropologie, politique. Chacun de ces trois domaines exprime en effet une modalité constitutive de la puissance : dans l'ontologie, la puissance de l'infini, dans l'anthropologie, la puissance du désir et dans la politique, la puissance de la multitude. L'infini, le désir et la multitude permettent de définir les modalités de constitution du système spinozien par rapport au baroque espagnol ainsi que de déterminer le déploiement de son affirmation conceptuelle dans les trois domaines pris en compte : les concepts de fortune, de providence, d'appétit, d'imagination, d'affect, de vertu, de souveraineté représentent les formes privilégiées de ce déploiement. Rapportée au baroque, la philosophie spinozienne, comme système de la puissance, produit une dynamique qui correspond à la constitution de ces différentes structures de rationalité. Cette dynamique est productive et créatrice de formes de pensabilité justement parce que son affirmation se confronte au baroque. Par cette confrontation, le baroque éclate vis-à-vis du système spinozien et sa résolution devient l'une des intensités propagées par ce systèmeThis work analyses the constituting of the Spinoza's system from the concept of power and its relation with the Spanish baroque thought. Through this relation, Spinoza's system shows its constituting in three different fields: ontology, anthropology, politics. Indeed, each field is expressing a power-constituting modality: in the field of ontology, the power of infinite; in that one of anthropology, the power of desire and in politics, the power of multitude. Infinite, desire and multitude can define the constituting modalities of Spinoza' s system in its relation with Spanish baroque. They can also determine the unfolding of its conceptual affirmation in the three fields seen above: the concepts of fortune, providence, desire, imagination, passion, virtue, sovereignty fully embody this unfolding. Spinoza's philosophy as a system of power, in its relation with baroque is creating a dynamic process in accordance with the constituting of these different structures of rationality. This dynamic process is producing some forms of thinking just because its affirmation is confronted with baroque. Through this confrontation, baroque breaks itself in front of Spinoza's system and this produces one of the intensities of the system
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Verduci, Didier Cédric. "La relation solitude-multitude dans les petits poèmes en prose de Baudelaire /". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83155.
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This thesis is dedicated to the study of the relationship between the solitude of the Poet and the multitude of Paris in les Petits poemes en prose by Baudelaire (also known as Le Spleen de Paris ). This study shows how the Poet decided to move closer to mankind, thus sacrificing the solitude that he enjoys so much. We examine a Baudelairian theme that strongly appears in the prose poetry: the artist's prostitution. Our aim was to show that the Poet is always standing by mankind even in his most absolute solitude.
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Arvanitakis, James History of Philosophy & Science UNSW. "Hope and abundance: the counter globalisation movement as multitude ??? breaking the logic of pathological modernity". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. History of Philosophy and Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23357.
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Using the theoretical work of Hardt and Negri???s Empire and Beck???s Risk Society, I define current experiences of modernity as ???pathological???. The term ???pathological modernity??? is used because it portrays a modernity dominated by ???spirals of crisis??? that are aggravated by the solutions proposed to solve them. Like the ???war on terror??? and environmental degradation, I argue that many crises facing the world today reflect the characteristics of capital as they globalised, branded, hybridised, boundless and endless. ???Pathological modernity??? has various dimensions including a Cartesian logic underscored by an ???eternal truth???, free-market fundamentalism, certainty in decision making, and a scientism which believes all challenges can be overcome. Additional dimensions include an operational form of biopower, pathological reflexivity, and a frontier disposition that continually encloses non-commodified spaces (or commons) creating a crisis of scarcity. Despite its dominance, pathological modernity is being challenged on many fronts. Amongst these is the ???counter-globalisation??? movement (CGM). A heterogenous movement, it represents a qualitatively different form of globalisation and logic that brings it into conflict with pathological modernity. Using participatory research I investigate this movement grounding it within Hardt and Negri???s (2004) ???multitude???. Extending Hardt and Negri???s descriptions, I propose that the multitude ???works in common??? to establish new commons in both the physical and cultural spheres. Concentrating on the ???cultural commons??? I argue that these represent a new form of biopolitics and promote abundance where scarcity once existed. The four cultural commons identified are hope, trust, safety and intellect. Based on the work of Marcel Mauss, I argue that the reciprocal, free and open exchange and sharing of these cultural commons creates ???authentic??? communities based on openness, alterity and abundance. While the CGM works to establish new commons, pathological modernity encloses and commodifies them, turning hope into material aspirations; trust into anxiety; safety into security; and intellect into intellectual property.
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Arnold, Heinz. "Hardt, Michael; Negri, Antonio, Multitude : Krieg und Demokratie im Empire / [rezensiert von] Heinz Arnold". Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3130/.
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Rezensiertes Werk:
Hardt, Michael ; Negri, Antonio: Multitude : Krieg und Demokratie im Empire / Michael Hardt; Antonio Negri. Aus dem Engl. von Thomas Atzert und Andreas Wirthensohn. - 1. Aufl. - Frankfurt/Main [u.a.] : Campus-Verl., c 2004. - 429 S.
ISBN 3-593-37410-2
EST: Multitude
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SILVA, VALESKA SUELLEN RODRIGUES. "MULTITUDE S POLITICS: THE CONSTITUTION OF A COMMON S DEMOCRACY ON ANTONIO NEGRI THOUGHT". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29202@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O presente trabalho pretende apresentar e discutir a perspectiva teórica de constituição de uma democracia absoluta pelo poder constituinte da multidão no pensamento de Antonio Negri (inclusive nas elaborações nascidas de seu trabalho conjunto com Michael Hardt). Com este objetivo, numa primeira etapa buscar-seá abordar as principais bases filosóficas da reflexão de Negri sobre o tema, identificadas aqui nas obras de Nicolau Maquiavel, Baruch Espinosa e Karl Marx. Através de tais autores, Negri realiza o resgate de uma modernidade emancipatória bastante diferente da modernidade hegemônica – cujo projeto temse afirmado através do recurso à representação e à criação de figuras transcendentes como a soberania, o povo e a nação –, a partir da constatação da possibilidade de construção de uma outra forma de democracia, imanente e absoluta. Uma segunda etapa será dedicada à reflexão em torno da recuperação categoria de multidão, defendida por Negri, a partir de suas reflexões sobre Espinosa, como sujeito adequado e potente para a constituição do projeto democrático na pós-modernidade, momento em que as transformações no mundo do trabalho são tidas como tão profundas que impõem uma nova concepção de sujeito revolucionário. Numa terceira etapa, tratar-se-á então da democracia absoluta concebida por Negri, referida neste trabalho como democracia do comum. O comum é aqui categoria conceitual chave para a compreensão do projeto negriano, motivo pelo qual nos debruçaremos sobre tal noção antes de articular sujeito multidão e projeto constituinte da democracia. Por fim, serão apresentadas as conclusões resultantes da discussão proposta neste trabalho.
This paper intends to present and discuss Antonio Negri s theoretical perspective about the constitution of an absolute democracy by constituent power of the multitude (including elaborations born in his joint work with Michael Hardt). For this purpose, the firtst stage will deal with the main philosophical bases of Negri reflection on the topic, here identified in the writings of Niccolò Machiavelli, Baruch Spinoza and Karl Marx. Through these authors, Negri performs a rescue of a _ emancipatory modernity a quite different of the hegemonic modernity - whose design has been argued through the use of representation and the creation of transcendent figures as sovereignty, people and nation - starting from the verification of the possibility to build another form of democracy, immanent and absolute. The second stage will be dedicated to reflection on the recovery of the multitude category, held by Negri, from his reflections on Spinoza as an appropriate and powerful subject to the constitution of the democratic project in postmodernity, at which the transformations in world of work are considered so deep that require a new conception of a revolutionary subject. On the third stage, will then be addresses the absolute democracy conceived by Negri, referred to in this paper as the common democracy. Here, the common is a concept key to understanding the Negri s project, reason why this paper devotes on this idea before connect multitude subject and constitutional project of democracy. Finally, the conclusions will be presented as contributions to the discussion proposed in this paper.
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Castelli, Ljuba. "Politics and ontology in Baruch Spinoza : individuation, affectivity and the collective life of the multitude". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2504.
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The thesis examines the linkage between ontology and politics in Spinoza, and considers the extent to which his philosophy discloses novel materialist conceptions of nature, history and society. It explores the distinct paradigm of the individual proposed by Spinoza emerging from his materialist ontology, and the ways in which this impacts effectively upon the constitution of the multitude as a political category. Arguing that Spinoza’s ontology unveils a more complex process of vital and psychic individuation, I develop a contemporary interpretation of Spinoza’s writings through Simondon’s notions of collective being, disparation, emotions and transindividuality. The study of Spinoza’s ontology in the light of Simondon is crucial for re-considering the central role of affectivity within the genesis and development of human beings. This refers to the redefinition of affectivity as a powerful source of psychic and political individuation, which is the cornerstone of relation, power and transformations. The understanding of Spinoza’s process of affective and collective individuation constitutes the basis for analysing his political theory. The inquiry focuses to the emergence of the political status of the multitude from this complex process of collective and affective individuation, and considers the extent to which the multitude impacts concretely upon the realm of the political. Specifically, the discussion draws attention to the affective state of the multitude, and the ways in which this produces fundamental relational events, meanings, power and problematic political individuals. The argument then turns to examine the model of democracy proposed by Spinoza and the role of the multitude within the constitution of the democratic body. It sheds light on the pivotal part played by the multitude within the production of democracy, and investigates the interface between affectivity and democracy more broadly.
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Mitraud, Francisco Silva. "Comunicação, consumo e mobilizações contemporâneas : representações midiáticas da multidão em contextos de resistência". Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, 2017. http://tede2.espm.br/handle/tede/271.
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The aim of this research is to problematize the mediatic representation of contemporary mobilizations, through an object that we call body-multitude. Our problem is to understand which senses are produced, especially by the printed media, in relation to the multitudes that articulate themselves to resist the hegemonic. For this, we carried out a review of the literature, in order to constitute a cartography of the various concepts about human collectives, from Rome and Greece, to the present day. Since classical antiquity, significant parts of society have been kept apart from power and the state. In contemporary times, authors such as Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt, Maurizio Lazzarato and Paolo Virno, based on the conception of Baruch de Espinoza, reflect on the mobilizations of the late twentieth and early twenty first centuries that confront the hegemonic, and conclude that these multitudes appear as a response and the possibility of new forms of democracy. From this perspective, the multitudes have in the body the essence of their nature, since it is from their plural and heterogeneous character that their biopotential emanates. In the past, the body, in its singularity, could resist and represent a collective - Gandhi and Mandela are both good examples. In postmodernity, its preponderance in the power relations remains, but mobilized to constitute with other bodies the biopotent multitude. To answer our research problem, we created a corpus with photographic images and texts from newspapers, magazines and alternative media that broadcast news about the demonstrations in Brazil in 2013 and 2016. To analyze it we fundamentally used the Theory-method of French discourse analysis, with emphasis on the intericonicity, device proposed by Courtine. The literature review and the corpus make it clear that the senses attributed to the multitude are unstable. Based on the findings, we conclude that, although the contemporary multitude is characterized by its plurality and heterogeneity, at all times there is a displacement of meanings, produced by textual-imagistic compositions, that bind it to previous conceptions and deny its nature and biopotential. The recurrence of these compositions was object of analysis which result is the proposal of six categories. The analysis also reveals an ontological impossibility of the imagetic representation of the multitude and that the printed media not only co-opts their discourses, but also produces meanings antagonistic to their nature, usually linking them to violence and to illegality and disqualifying their objectives.
O objetivo desta pesquisa é problematizar a representação midiática das mobilizações contemporâneas, por meio de um objeto que denominamos corpo-multidão. Nosso problema é compreender quais sentidos são produzidos, principalmente pela mídia impressa, em relação às multidões que se articulam para resistir ao hegemônico. Para tanto, realizamos uma revisão de literatura, a fim de constituir uma cartografia de conceitos sobre os coletivos humanos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores que se dedicaram ao tema, desde Roma e Grécia aos dias atuais. Desde a antiguidade clássica, numerosos grupos de pessoas foram mantidos à margem do poder e do Estado. Na contemporaneidade, autores como Antonio Negri e Michael Hardt, Maurizio Lazzarato e Paolo Virno, partindo da conceituação de Baruch de Espinoza, refletem sobre as mobilizações, que confrontam o hegemônico no final do século XX e início do XXI, e concluem que essas multidões surgem como resposta e possibilidade de novas formas de democracia. Nessa perspectiva, as multidões têm no corpo a expressão de sua natureza, posto que é de seu caráter plural e heterogêneo que emana sua biopotência. Outrora o corpo, na sua singularidade, poderia resistir e representar um coletivo – Gandhi e Mandela, por exemplo. Na pós-modernidade, em contexto de centralidade da mídia, sua preponderância nas relações de poder permanece, mas mobilizado para constituir com outros corpos a multidão biopotente. Para responder ao problema da pesquisa, constituímos um corpus com imagens fotográficas e textos de jornais, revistas e mídia alternativa que veicularam notícias sobre as manifestações no Brasil em 2013 e em 2016. Para analisá-lo, utilizamos fundamentalmente a teoria-método da Análise de Discurso de Linha Francesa, com destaque para o conceito de intericonicidade proposto por Courtine. A revisão de literatura e o corpus evidenciam que os sentidos atribuídos à multidão são instáveis. Por meio dos achados, concluímos que, embora a multidão contemporânea seja caracterizada por sua pluralidade e heterogeneidade, a todo momento há deslocamento de sentidos, produzido por composições imagético-textuais que a vinculam a sentidos precedentes e silenciam sua natureza e biopotência. A recorrência dessas composições foi objeto de análise, cujos resultados levaram à proposição de seis categorias sobre os modos de produção de sentidos. A análise revela ainda haver uma impossibilidade ontológica da representação imagética das multidões, e que a mídia impressa não apenas coopta seus discursos, bem como produz sentidos antagônicos à sua natureza, normalmente dando ênfase à violência, à ilegalidade e desqualificando seus objetivos.
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Swartz, Haley. "The Multitude Speaks in Style| An Analysis of Vernacular Agency through Images of Ruth Bader Ginsburg". Thesis, Florida Atlantic University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10682178.
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The unexpected comparison of a Supreme Court Justice with a popular culture icon demonstrates how politics and popular culture become entwined in the contemporary context; moreover, network culture provides a conduit for vernacular discourse about politics, which circulates in the style of popular culture. Through analysis of images of Ruth Bader Ginsburg as created, shared, and circulated in network culture, this project explores the alternative levels of discourse generated in network culture, examines the ways the public represents politics, and explains the ability of political subjects to affect meaning. The aim of this project is to document a conjunctural moment; as such, analysis of the images in aggregate provides a foundation to raise questions about how American political culture is manifested, attended to, and maintained through network culture and the parlance of popular culture.
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Mendoza, Velasquez Cecilia Del Pilar. "Le monde de la rue à Bogota : la débrouillardise comme l'art de faire de la multitude". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0148.
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Ce travail fait l'hypothèse que l'individu colombien moderne est arrivé à la démocratie à la suite du manque d'absence d'État protecteur et d'unité sociale, provocant l'émergence de pratiques individualistes. Les secteurs populaires se sont constitués de manière fragmentée à Bogota, parallèlement à la modernisation et à l'urbanisation massive. Ces secteurs ont construit des systèmes d'interaction fondés sur le Rebusque, ou débrouillardise. La créativité, l'ingéniosité des acteurs de la rue apparaissent dans la façon de négocier, d'échanger et de s'autogestionner. Leur capacité à jouer avec le système en utilisant l'espace urbain se traduit par un vaste monde informel. La Septima a été choisie comme axe d'observation pour regarder la ville, son histoire et les représentations que s'en font ses citoyens. Trois éléments sont explorés : l'individu populaire, la rue et l'action de se débrouiller. Les rebuscadores ont créé des formes de socialisation à la fois distantes et parties du systèmeThis work makes the hypothesis that the Colombian modern individual arrived to democracy after the absence of protecting state and social unit y, causing the emergence of individual practices. The popular sectors were formed in a fragmented way in Sogota in the same time as modernization and massive urbanization. These sectors built systems of interaction based on Rebusque, or life scratching. The creativity and inventiveness of the actors can be seen in the form of bargaining, exchange and self-management. Their capacity to play with the system using the public space is converted into a huge informal world. The Séptima was choosen as the observation axis of the city, its history and its representations by the citizens. Three elements are explored: the popular individual, the street and the action of life scratching. The rebuscadores have created their forms of socialization, distant and part of the system at the same time
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Sachy, Marco. "Money for the Common Wealth of the Multitude : toward a user-managed currency and payment system design". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40788.
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This thesis will begin with a critique to the orthodox paradigm in monetary economics. Secondly, I will offer a theoretical, economic, structural and biopolitical analyses of the origin, nature and effects of money on society. After a critique to conventional paradigm of money, I will then propose a semiotic genealogy of money followed by an analysis of the Common, the Multitude together with a tentative fourfold proposal for monetary reform, i.e. a monetary dispositif for the socio-economic emancipation of the Multitude from the rule of capital to build a new paradigm of money. In particular, I will discuss the literatures on basic income and the emerging notion for bottom-up welfare named Commonfare; the Neo-Chartalist approach to money; complementary, viz. subaltern currencies; and crypto-currencies and distributed ledgers technology. In turn, I will present the two qualitative methodologies that I endorsed to design and research four sites of inquiry in Iceland, Spain, Finland and Italy: Participatory Action Research and Critical Muti-Sited Ethnography. A discussion of fieldwork findings will follow. Moreover, I will offer a comparative analysis on fieldwork findings by identifying not only commonalities and differences among the four sites, but also by eliciting the limits of methodological choices. I will conclude this thesis by arguing to refine the theoretical framework introduced in the literature review; and notwithstanding personal and objective limitations to the application of the monetary dispositif in the real world, I will advocate for further inquiry on Money for the Common Wealth of the Multitude to increase the quality and effectiveness of the debate on suggestions for monetary reform.
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Fournier, Paulin. "Parameterized verification of networks of many identical processesVérification paramétrée de réseaux composés d'une multitude de processus identiques". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S170/document.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de la vérification formelle de programmes. La vérification de modèle permet de s'assurer qu'une propriété est vérifiée par le modèle du système. Cette thèse étudie la vérification paramétrée de réseaux composés d'un nombre non borné de processus identiques où le nombre de processus est considéré comme un paramètre. Concernant les réseaux de protocoles probabilistes temporisés nous montrons que les problèmes de l'accessibilité et de synchronisation sont indécidables pour des topologies de communication en cliques. Cependant, en considérant des pertes et créations probabiliste de processus ces problèmes deviennent décidables. Pour ce qui est des réseaux dans lequel les messages n'atteignent qu'une sous partie des composants choisie de manière non-déterministe, nous prouvons que le problème de l'accessibilité paramétrée est décidable grâce à une réduction à un nouveau modèle de jeux à deux joueurs distribué pour lequel nous montrons que l'on peut décider de l'existence d'une stratégie gagnante en coNP. Finalement, nous considérons des stratégies locales qui permettent d'assurer que les processus effectuent leurs choix non-déterministes uniquement par rapport a leur connaissance locale du système. Sous cette hypothèse de stratégies locales, nous prouvons que les problèmes de l'accessibilité et de synchronisation paramétrées sont NP-completThis thesis deals with formal verification of distributed systems. Model checking is a technique for verifying that the model of a system under study fulfills a given property. This PhD investigates the parameterized verification of networks composed of many identical processes for which the number of processes is the parameter. Considering networks of probabilistic timed protocols, we show that the parameterized reachability and synchronization problems are undecidable when the communication topology is a clique. However, assuming probabilistic creation and deletion of processes, the problems become decidable. Regarding selective networks, where the messages only reach a subset of the components, we show decidability of the parameterized reachability problem thanks to reduction to a new model of distributed two-player games for which we prove decidability in coNP of the game problem. Finally, we consider local strategies that enforce all processes to resolve the non-determinism only according to their own local knowledge. Under this assumption of local strategy, we were able to show that the parameterized reachability and synchronization problems are NP-complete
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Collins, Michael J. ""A multitude of gaudy appearances" : ritual, transatlanticism, and the melodramatic mode in the nineteenth-century American short story". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546271.
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Kirst, Patrícia Beatriz Argôllo Gomes. "Transfotografia : o pixel em multidão". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24683.
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A presente tese foi desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Informática na Educação-UFRGS e está filiado a linha de pesquisa “Interfaces Digitais em Educação, Arte, Linguagem e Cognição” “Transfotografia: O Píxel em Multidão” circunscreve o conceito de trans com vistas a problematizar a fotografia digital, em processo de manipulação, bem como os sujeitos, que operam tal processo em interação criativa, entendidos sob a luz do conceito de multidão (NEGRI; HARDT, 2005). A tentativa de produzir conhecimento em torno da fotografia digital em seu estado instituinte aponta para uma dimensão múltipla e ambígua e, pode assim, movimentar-se para além de coordenadas lineares: eis o movimento transversal que atravessa toda a discussão proposta. O estudo da imagem fotográfica digital presta-se à transdisciplinariedade localizada, aqui, entre a Psicologia Social, a Informática na Educação e a Filosofia. Colocar a imagem em emergência, em seus universos conceituais e, em sua imanência, requer pensá-la no limite. Tal limite situa-se em cada píxel que abriga a molecularidade que, quando acionada, pode tornar-se diferença e potência para passagem de uma imagem à outra. Pensar a imagem fotográfica digital em estado processual e molecular segue as marcas da subversão da forma, da verdade e da representação, levada por pontos de vista fugidios que constituem, assim, o horizonte desta tese. Este estudo está inscrito em um modo inventivo e experimental de produzir ciência, trazendo à tona um olhar-travessia em uma cartografia que utiliza a transfotografia como passagem para discutir o contemporâneo em algumas de suas faces tecnológicas e de subjetivação. Sua formulação mais precisa, poder-se-ia expressar do seguinte modo: Como a transfotografia pode operar como dispositivo clínico- político na multidão?The research “Transfotography: The pixel in Multitude” circumscribes the concept of trans with views to render problematic to the digital photography, in process of manipulation, as well as the subjects that operate such process in creative interaction, understood under the light of the concept of multitude (NEGRI; HARDT, 2005). The attempt to produce knowledge based on the digital photograph in its institutive estate points towards a multiple and ambiguous dimension and, therefore, being able to move beyond the linear coordinates: thus the transversal movement that surpasses all the discussion proposed. The subjects in cooperation that operate the transphotography are understood as the former of only one body joined to the technological possibilities of expression and eclosion of difference. We want with this make feasible the reinvenction of the viewed and have the possiblity to view images that carry the marks of the impersonal and of the alterity. The study of the digital photographic image deals with the localized trandisciplinarity, here, among the Social Psychology, the Computer Science in Education and the Philosophy. Put the image to emerge, in its conceptual universes and in its immanence, requires to think of it in the limit. Such limit is in each pixel that holds the molecularity that, when put in action, can become the difference and the potency for the passage of one image to the other. To think the digital fotographic image in processual estate and, therefore, molecular following the marks of the subversion of form, of the truth and of the representation, taken by escaping points of view is the horizon of this research. This study, then, is inscribed in an inventive and experimental way to produce science, bringing up a crossing-view in a cartography that uses the transphotography as passage to discuss contemporaneous in some of its technological faces and of subjectivation. Its most precise formulation could be expressed this way: How the transphotografy can operate like dispositive clinical-political in multitude?
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Klevskog, Emma. "Teaching and Assessing Student's Accents : The Challenge of Working with the Multitude of Accents in the English-Speaking World". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71367.
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Today, English is a world language and more English accents have appeared. Today it is more difficult to teach English in Sweden due to the fact that we do not know when, where or how we are going to use English in the future. This study therefore focuses on how English teachers in Swedish upper secondary school teach and assess students’ accents and the challenge of working with the multitude of accents of the English-speaking world. This study is based on a questionnaire that was sent electronically to English teachers. The results from this study show that English teachers in Swedish upper secondary schools work with different English accents in class. The results also show that over fifty percent of the teachers do not let students choose accents for them to work with; most of the teachers’ choose which accents should be introduced and worked with in class. Moreover, students’ grades are not affected by the accent they speak, which is in line with the English syllabus. In conclusion, it is clear that British and American English are still dominant in Swedish school today.Idag är engelska ett världsspråk och fler engelska dialekter har dykt upp. Idag har det blivit svårare att undervisa engelska i Sverige, då vi oftast inte vet när eller hur vi kommer använda det engelska språket i framtiden. Denna studie inriktar sig på hur engelskalärare i den svenska gymnasieskolan undervisar och bedömer elevers uttal, samt den utmaning som finns idag med att arbeta med de många dialekter som finns i den engelsktalande världen. Denna studie är baserad på en enkät som skickades elektroniskt till engelskalärare. Resultatet av denna studie visar att engelskalärare i svenska gymnasieskolan arbetar med olika engelska dialekter. Resultatet visar också att över femtio procent av lärarna inte låter eleverna välja själva vilka dialekter som ska introduceras, utan de flesta lärare väljer själva vilka engelska dialekter de ska arbeta med i undervisningen. Elevernas betyg är inte heller påverkade av deras val av engelsk dialekt, vilket är i linje med den engelska kursplanen. Slutligen visar det sig att brittisk och amerikansk engelska fortfarande dominerar i den svenska skolan idag.
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Carvalho, Miranda Teixeira Juliana. ". La multitude et le prolétariat depuis les Forums sociaux mondiaux de 2001 à 2016 : élaboration, actualisation et anticipations d'utopie". Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080129/document.
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Au cours des années 1970, les forces politiques mondiales se sont engagées dans la course pour donner de nouveau du souffle à un projet capitaliste d’intégration internationale. Après la faillite du « lourd » modèle keynésien-fordiste, le consensus autour de l’adoption des principes néolibéraux pour faciliter la libéralisation des économies se réaffirme comme prémisse pour la survie de ce système. Cette facette du processus de globalisation impose la nécessité, au nom du marché et d’une politique d’intégration, d’ajustement des sociétés des pays tant du Sud que du Nord.Cependant, presque au même temps, déjà à la fin des années 1970, des groupes s’organisent pour protester contre la montée du néolibéralisme, contre la dette des pays sous-développés, contre la précarisation de la vie… dans une perspective plutôt anti-globalisation, devenu plus tard, altermondialiste (un autre monde est possible). Au plan théorique, pour les sciences sociales il s’agit de comprendre les enjeux de ces mobilisations aussi bien que les projets des sujets qui en sont engagés. Notre interrogation, en fait, partie de questions séparées (compréhension du mouvement altermondialiste et lecture critique de la théorisation de Negri) a permis de reprendre l’analyse d’un des mouvements politiques et sociaux majeurs de la période et de faire passer des théorisations au feu du besoin de comprendre ce mouvement avec sa dynamique et ses contradictions. L’idée directrice de cette thèse consiste à affirmer que les projets utopiques d’une transformation globale, altermondialistes ou anticapitalistes, qui s’esquissent de plus en plus avec le renforcement de la globalisation néolibérale, notamment après la plus récente crise du capitalisme mondial, met en cause l’usage de la conception imagée de la “multitude” telle qu’elle a été reformulée par les negristes. Cela a amené à mobiliser d’autres ressources de théoriciens qui montrent l’apport de Marx et sa pertinence pour mieux comprendre notre époque. Pour les negristes nous sommes devant l’action de la multitude d’inspiration spinoziste contre le pouvoir d’un Empire en crise ; pour nous, il importe d’actualiser sous une autre perspective, la notion marxienne du prolétariat en tant qu’expressive d’un être social et historique exploité, dominé et humilié à partir des contributions diverses de marxistes contemporains tels Georges Lukács, Ernst Bloch, Henri Lefebvre, Pierre Naville, Jean-Marie Vincent mais aussi de Michael Löwy, Flávio Farias, Atilio Borón, pour penser les figures de l’anticipation concrète en lutte contre les institutions de l’impérialisme global, orientées vers un nouvel avenir. Pour cela, ce travail de thèse qui porte en somme sur l’actualité de la catégorie-figure prolétariat en dépit de la conceptualisation negriste de l’image de la multitude, se divise en quatre grandes parties. En ce qui concerne les techniques de recherche de ce travail de thèse, un premier temps a été consacré à la lecture critique des principaux auteurs sur les concepts en question, à savoir l’Empire versus la multitude postmodernes. De même de certains auteurs marxistes du XXe siècle qui venaient appuyer notre hypothèse à propos de la pertinence à l’heure actuelle d’utiliser la catégorie de la lutte des classes. Nous mettons donc à contribution les auteurs qui ont traité la catégorie prolétariat en tant que figure qui subit l’oppression de l’impérialisme global, en vue de rendre un cadre catégoriel valable pour une sociologie des mouvements sociauxDuring the 1970s, world political forces embarked on the race to breathe new life into a capitalist project of international integration. After the bankruptcy of the "heavy" keynesian-fordist model, the consensus around the adoption of neoliberal principles to facilitate the liberalization of economies reaffirms itself as a premise for the survival of this system. This facet of the process of globalization imposes the necessity, in the name of the market and an integration policy, of the adjustment the societies of the countries of both the South and the North.However, almost at the same time, already in the end of the 1970s, groups organized to protest against the rise of neoliberalism, contra the debt of underdeveloped countries, contra the precariousness of life ... in a perspective rather anti-globalization, later become alter-globalist (another world is possible). On the theoretical level, for the social sciences it is a matter of understanding the stakes of these mobilizations as well as the projects of the subjects who are engaged. Our interrogation, in fact, part of separate questions (understanding of the alter-globalization movement and a critical reading of Negri's theorization) made it possible to resume the analysis of one of the major political and social movements of the period and to pass these theorizations by the real need to understand this movement with its dynamics and its contradictions.The main idea of this thesis consists in asserting that the utopian projects of a global transformation, alter-globalization or anti-capitalist, which are more and more outlined with the reinforcement of the neoliberal globalization, especially after the most recent crisis of the world capitalism, put in check the use of the pictorial conception of the "multitude" as it has been reformulated by the negrists. This has mobilized other resources of theorists who show the contribution of Marx and its relevance to better understand our time. For the negrists we are faced with the action of the multitude of spinozist inspiration against the power of an Empire in crisis; for us, it is important to update from another perspective the marxian notion of the proletariat as expressive of a social and historical being exploited, dominated and humiliated from the diverse contributions of contemporary marxists such as Georges Lukács, Ernst Bloch, Henri Lefebvre, Pierre Naville, Jean-Marie Vincent but also Michael Löwy, Flavio Farias, Atilio Borón, to think the figures of the concrete anticipation in struggle against the institutions of global imperialism, oriented towards a new future. For this reason, this thesis work, which in fact deals with the actuality of the proletarian category-figure despite the negrist conceptualization of the image of the multitude, is divided into four major parts.With regard to the research techniques of this thesis work, a first step was devoted to the critical reading of the main authors on the concepts in question, namely the Empire versus the postmodern multitude. So are some marxist writers of the twentieth century who supported our hypothesis about the relevance actual of updating the category of the class struggle. We therefore call on the authors who have treated the proletariat category as a figure who is undergoing the oppression of global imperialism, with a view to making a categorical framework valid for a sociology of social movements
Ao longo dos anos 1970, as forças políticas mundiais se engajaram na corrida com vistas a conferir novo fôlego a um projeto capitalista de integração internacional. Após a falência do “pesado” modelo keynesiano-fordista, o consenso em torno da adoção dos princípios neoliberais para facilitar a liberalização das economias, se reafirma como premissa para a sobrevida desse sistema. Esta faceta do processo de globalização impõe a necessidade, em nome do mercado e de uma política de integração, de ajustamento das sociedades dos países tanto do Sul quanto do Norte. No entanto, quase ao mesmo tempo, já no fim dos anos 1970, vários grupos se organizam para protestar contra a escalada do neoliberalismo, contra a dívida dos países subdesenvolvidos, contra a precarização da vida... numa perspectiva antiglobalização, tornada mais tarde, altermundialista (um outro mundo é possível). No plano teórico, para as ciências sociais, trata-se de compreender as especificidades dessas mobilizações, assim como os projetos dos sujeitos engajados nessa perspectiva mobilizatória. Nossa interrogação, que de fato parte de questões separadas (análise do movimento altermundialista e leitura crítica da teorização de Negri), permitiu a retomada dessa análise acerca de um dos movimentos políticos e sociais mais expressivos da contemporaneidade e de passar essas teorizações pela real necessidade de compreender esse movimento com a sua dinâmica e suas contradições. A ideia diretriz dessa tese consiste em afirmar que os projetos utópicos de uma transformação global, altermundialista ou anticapitalistas, que se esboçam com o aprofundamento da globalização neoliberal, destacadamente após a mais recente crise do capitalismo mundial, coloca em xeque o uso da concepção imagética da “multidão” tal que ela foi reformulada pelos negristas. Isso levou a mobilizar outras fontes teóricas que demonstram que a contribuição de Marx e a pertinência desta para melhor compreender nossa época. Para os negristas estamos diante da ação da multidão de inspiração espinosista contra o poder de um Império em crise; para nós, importa atualizar sob outra perspectiva, a noção marxiana do proletariado como expressiva de um ser social e histórico explorado, dominado e humilhado a partir das contribuições diversas de marxistas contemporâneos tais George Lukács, Ernst Bloch, Henri Lefebvre, Pierre Naville, Jean-Marie Vincent e também Michael Löwy, Flávio Farias, Atilio Borón, para pensar as figuras da antecipação concreta em luta contra as instituições do imperialismo global, orientadas para um novo amanhã. Para tanto, esse trabalho de tese que trata em suma sobre a atualidade da categoria-figura proletariado em detrimento da conceitualização negrista da imagem da multidão, se divide em quatro grandes partes.No tocante as técnicas de pesquisa desse trabalho de tese, o primeiro tempo foi consagrado à leitura crítica dos principais autores sobre os conceitos em questão, a saber, o Império versus a multidão pós-modernos. Da mesma forma, de certos autores marxistas do século XX que vieram apoiar nossa hipótese a propósito da pertinência em nossos dias, em se utilizar a categoria luta de classes. Partimos então das contribuições dos autores que trataram a categoria proletariado enquanto figura que sofre a opressão do imperialismo global, em vista de tornar esse referencial teórico-metodológico, um quadro categorial válido para uma sociologia dos movimentos sociais
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Ramos, Gabriella Lange. "O amor no spinozismo e a política do comum". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8653.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
No plano de imanência de Spinoza, o amor é afeto expressivo de uma diferença que marca o trânsito a estados de maior perfeição ou realidade. A partir da compreensão do princípio de univocidade, a imanência se expressa na produção de diferenças. O amor de Deus serve como guia para a vida política conduzida pela razão. Não um Deus personalizado, mas como nome da potência (potentia). Se a multidão compreende adequadamente sua própria essência como direito ou potência natural de resistir à dominação e de se auto-organizar em liberdade, o amor surge como força vital de constituição do comum e leva à invenção de formas cada vez mais aperfeiçoadas de vida. A democracia emerge, por sua vez, como o mais natural dos regimes políticos, porque é o que mais convém com a natureza dos homens guiados pela razão. Assim, nas redes e nas ruas a multidão exercita a liberdade quando promove encontros alegres entre as singularidades que a compõem. Ao lado de um conhecimento adequado para a produção de graus maiores de liberdade, surge uma espécie de amor da multidão por sua própria essência ou potência, ou seja, a afirmação em si mesma da diferença, da abertura e da multiplicidade. Aqui, os afetos passivos que são promovidos pelas relações de dominação, como o medo, o ódio e a esperança, devem ceder lugar aos afetos ativos do amor à liberdade necessária para diferir-se. A alegria da multidão, enfim, deriva de sua potência ativa de criar formas de vida comum a partir da composição de singularidades múltiplas. No seio da produção biopolítica contemporânea, surgem novos horizontes para o combate de resistência e criação conjunta contra as formas de vida submetidas à servidão. Seguindo principalmente a linhagem spinozista de Antonio Negri e Gilles Deleuze, explora-se aqui as condições da experiência real que determinam a possibilidade de uma ética política do amor na contemporaneidade.
On Spinozas plane of immanence, love is an affective expression of a difference that marks the passage to greater states of perfection or reality. From the understanding of the principle of univocity, immanence is expressed in the production of differences. The love of God serves as a guide to the political life driven by reason. Not a personal God, but God as the name of power (potentia). If the multitude properly understands its own essence as right or natural power to resist domination and self-organize in freedom, love arises as vital force to the constitution of the common and leads to the invention of ever more perfected ways of life. Democracy emerges, in turn, as the most natural of political regimes, for it is the one that better suits the nature of men guided by reason. Thus, in networks and in the streets the multitude exercises freedom when it promotes joyful meetings between the singularities that comprise it. Beside a proper knowledge to the production of larger degrees of freedom, there is a kind of love from the multitude by its very essence or power, ie, the affirmation in itself of difference, openness and multiplicity. Here, passive affections that are promoted by the relations of domination, such as fear, hatred and hope, must give way to active affections of the love of freedom to differ. The joy of the multitude, finally, derives from its active power to create forms of common life from the composition of multiple singularities. Within the contemporary biopolitical production, there are new horizons to the struggle of resistance and joint creation against forms of life submitted to servitude. Especially following the spinozist lineage of Antonio Negri and Gilles Deleuze, the present work explores the conditions of the real experience that determine the possibility of an ethical politics of love nowadays.
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ARAUJO, MARCOS ANTONIO DE. "ECCLESIOLOGY OF COMMUNION: A MULTITUDE OF FAITHFULL PEOPLE: TERESA DE LISIEUX S ECCLESIOLOGY, A RE-INTERPRETATION OF THE COUNCIL VATICAN II". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34495@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A tese quer demonstrar os fundamentos teológicos que determinam a Eclesiologia de Comunhão para a Unidade, partindo dos Escritos de Teresa de Lisieux, especialmente em seu Livro História de uma Alma, e da Teologia de Johann-Adam Mohler sobre a Unidade na Igreja. Faremos uma releitura da Eclesiologia de Comunhão do Concílio Vaticano II. Iremos explorar alguns aspectos como o Centralismo do Amor vivido e experimentado por uma multidão de pequenas almas que formam a Igreja, apresentado por Teresa de Lisieux, e, o argumento sobre a Unidade na Igreja na perspectiva de Comunhão de Johann-Adam Mohler, conforme sua concreta experiência. Trataremos de apresentar esta Unidade Eclesial a partir da noção de Multidão de Fiéis presente no Livro dos Atos dos Apóstolos: A multidão dos que haviam crido era um só coração e uma só alma (At 4, 32). Possuindo uma configuração eclesial que envolve a todos em vista da universalidade da salvação e das multiformes frentes de serviços e ministérios, retomaremos a noção de Igreja como Corpo de Cristo apresentada pela Teologia Patrística e Magistério da Igreja, e, também presente na Doutrina do Concilio Vaticano II, em consonância com a noção de Povo de Deus. A diversidade de membros desse Corpo, por sua interligação e abrangência, deve ser estendida para toda a humanidade, porém, agora, como Multidão de Fiéis. A Unidade na Igreja tornou-se, nos tempos atuais, um dos aspectos mais significativos para a Teologia, precisamente em razão do caráter da universalidade da salvação e da expressividade relacional entre as pessoas no mundo todo, por isso, a necessidade de uma fundamentação Teológica na perspectiva da Unidade Religiosa e do Diálogo diante de múltiplas iniciativas.
The Thesis wants to demonstrate the theological foundations that propose Ecclesiology of Communion for the Unit, based in the writings of Teresa de Lisieux, especially in her book Story of a Soul, and in the Theology of Johann-Adam Mohler about the Unit in the Church. We ll do a reinterpretation of the Communion Ecclesiology of Vatican II. We will explore some aspects like the Centralism of Love lived and experienced by the multitude of small souls who form the Church, presented by Teresa de Lisieux, and the argument about the Unit in the Church in the perspective of Communion by Johann-Adam Mohler, in accordance with his concrete experience. We will try to present this Ecclesial Unit taking from the notion of Multitude of Faithful in the book of Acts of the Apostles: And the multitude of them which believed were one heart and one soul (Acts 4, 32). Having an ecclesial configuration which involves all peoples in view of the universality of salvation and the multiform modes of services and ministries. We ll retake the notion of the Church as the Body of Christ presented in Patristic Theology and in the Magisterium of the Church, also present in the Doctrine of Vatican II, in consonance with the notion of God s People. The diversity of the members of this Body, for its interrelation and coverage, must be spread over all humanity, now understood as multitude of the faithful. The Unit in the Church became, in current times, one of the most significant aspects for Theology, precisely because, the character of universality of salvation and the relational expressivity between people worldwide, need of one theological grounding in the perspective of Religious Unit and the Dialogue against multiple initiatives.
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Solav, Jino. "Fyra lärares tankar och syn kring arbetet med integration, mångfald och värdegrund på en mångkulturell skola". Thesis, Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2970.
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The purpose of this qualitative research study is to examine if and how the teachers from a multicultural International School work with intercultural pedagogy. The school in question isprofiled and consists of both Swedish- and English classes. The study examines if and how the teachers related to the great variety of cultures and created opportunities for integration between the students and handling with values at school. It is important to be aware as a teacher to be able to take an active part in working towards a school that gives possibilities for different cultures to meet. If this is neglected, it may increase the risk of problems and cultural clashes between the students. The questions in issue used for this study are: How do the teachers work with the great variety of cultures in the school? Does an active cultural meeting take place between the different cultures and ethnicities in the different classes in order to make a social/democratic/equal place of meeting that the school should represent? How do they work with the central values at Narsby International School?
The method used for this study was partly structured interviews that consist of an interview guide as a base in order to be able to get near the reason for this study and the questions at issue. Two teachers from the Swedish classes and two teachers from the English classes participated in the interviews. The goal was to bring out their thoughts around integration and the values at the school.
The results showed that the teachers had different approaches concerning what to procure for their students. They had different views on the idea of integration and how to use it the school environment and how to handle the diversity in school based on cultural. Another interesting result was that the school according to three of the teachers had encountered problems and groupings between the students and also the staffing because of the profile. The society usually believes that the segregation only can be found among immigrant- and Swedish groups with different cultures. This study shows how segregation and groupings can also appear between two different groups of immigrant backgrounds on a multicultural school, which is often neglected.
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Souza, Rafael de Oliveira. "O impacto político das redes digitais nas novas teatralidades". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4741.
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-04This dissertation analyzes some manifestations of theatrical language that arises in the confluence between the theater and the latest communication technologies. As a theoretical framework, the research presents debates proposed by Eugene Thacker about digital networks; reflections around the concept of multitude discussed by Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt related to the Pascal Gielen discussions about the artistic productions in neoliberalism times. The corpus of the dissertation consists of experiences about the Rede Teatro d@ Floresta, the theater group Belarus Free Theatre and the artist Amanda Palmer. The expected result is a reflection on the epistemological procedures between theatrical language and the new communication technologies, on the political impact of the new collectives activated by digital networks; and a possible reading of some digital theater experiences as biopolitics resistance networks
Esta dissertação de Mestrado analisa o chamado teatro digital. Trata-se de uma rede de experiências que emerge em diferentes contextos, acionando a confluência entre novas teatralidades e tecnologias da comunicação. Como fundamentação teórica, a pesquisa apresenta debates propostos por Eugene Thacker acerca de redes digitais; reflexões em torno do conceito de multidão discutido por Antonio Negri e Michael Hardt e provocações propostas por Pascal Gielen acerca de produções culturais e comunidades que convivem com os dispositivos de poder do capitalismo tardio. Além das discussões teóricas, o corpus da dissertação é composto por três estudos de caso: a Rede Teatro d@ Floresta, o grupo teatral Belarus Free Theatre e intervenções da artista Amanda Palmer. O resultado esperado é a construção de uma reflexão preliminar para explicitar o impacto político dos novos coletivos ativados pelas redes digitais, assim como a apresentação de experiências que esta pesquisa reconhece como redes de resistência biopolítica
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Jacobshagen, Moritz. "Die Entwicklung sozialistischer Theorie im Zeitalter der Globalisierung Ein Buchvergleich : Mandel & u8211 Marxistische Wirtschaftstheorie vs. Hardt/Negri & u8211 Empire & Multitude /". St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/03606118001/$FILE/03606118001.pdf.
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Trolin, Zachris. "Begreppet individ, hos Leibniz och Spinoza, såsom singulärt och del i världens mångfald". Thesis, Södertörn University College, The School of Culture and Communication, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1179.
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This thesis deals with the concepts of individual and individuation as defined by Leibniz and Spinoza. I go through the use and definition of the concept of individual in four stages.
First I discuss the individual as conceived by Spinoza as a relation formed by a composition of parts and the individual as conceived by Leibniz as a complete notion consisting of all the events in the life of a subject.
Next is the roll of perception in Leibniz discussed, likewise individuation through different perception with varying distinctness, and the affinity of perception with affection.
The discussions concerning the individual concludes in a section about the essence of the individual as being the desire of the individual. In the last stage, I discuss the multitude as being an own individual.
Den här uppsatsen handlar om individ och individuation som det definieras hos Leibniz och Spinoza. Jag följer användandet och definitionen av individ i fyra etapper.
Först diskuterar jag Spinozas individ som relationen av en sammansättning av delar och Leibniz individ som en fullständig notion bestående av alla händelser i ett subjekts liv.
Därefter diskuteras perceptionens roll hos Leibniz, liksom individuation genom olika tydliga perceptioner, samt perceptionens affinitet med affektionen.
För individens del mynnar diskussionerna ut i en del om individens essens i form av dess begär. Den sista etappen diskuterar mångfalden såsom en egen individ.
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Gutiérrez, Millà Albert. "Crowd modeling and simulation on high performance architectures". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392745.
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La gestió de la seguretat en grans esdeveniments s'ha convertit en clau en un món cada vegada més poblat. Els desastres multitudinaris han augmentat en els últims cent anys, de manera que la gestió de la seguretat dels assistents és una qüestió clau. Per comprendre i avaluar els riscos involucrats en aquestes situacions els models i simuladors permeten comprendre la situació i prendre decisions en conseqüència. Però la simulació de multituds te alts requeriments computacionals si tenim en compte milers de persones. A més, la mateixa situació inicial pot donar resultat diferents degut a comportaments no deterministes de la població; per això necessitem una quantitat significativa de simulacions. En aquesta tesi s'han proposat models multitudinaris i ens hem centrat en crear un DSS (Sistema de Suport a les Decisions). Els models proposats poden reproduir algunes de les complexitats dels agents, factors psicològics, la intel·ligència per trobar la sortida, evitar obstacles o moure a través de la multitud, i reproduir esdeveniments interns de la multitud en cas d'altes pressions o densitats. Per modelar aquests aspectes fem servir models basats en agents i mètodes numèrics. Per centrar-nos en l'aplicabilitat del model hem desenvolupat un flux de treball que li permet executar el DSS en el núvol per simplificar la complexitat del sistema als experts. Finalment, per provar el funcionament i per validar el simulador es van utilitzar escenaris reals i sintètics que ens han permès avaluar el rendiment dels models.Management of security in major events has become crucial in an increasingly populated world. Disasters have incremented in crowd events over the last hundred years and therefore the safety management of the attendees has become a key issue. To understand and assess the risks involved in these situations, models and simulators that allow understand the situation and make decisions accordingly are necessary. But crowd simulation has high computational requirements when we consider thousands of people. Moreover, the same initial situation can vary on the results depending on the non deterministic behavior of the population; for this we also need a significant amount of statistical reliable simulations. In this thesis we have proposed crowd models and focused on providing a DSS (Decisions Support System). The proposed models can reproduce the complexity of agents, psychological factors, intelligence to find the exit and avoid obstacles or move through the crowd, and recreate internal events of the crowd in case of high pressures or densities. In order to model these aspects we use agent-based models and numerical methods. To focus on the applicability of the model we have developed a workflow that allows you to run in the Cloud DSS to simplify the complexity of the systems to the experts and only left to the them the configuration. Finally, to test the operation and to validate the simulator we used real scenarios and synthetic in order to evaluate the performance of the models.
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Moraes, Jéssica Puga de. "Ação política e jogos de multidão: estratégias de game e ativismo". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18195.
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Previous issue date: 2015-09-24The research examines specific aspects of video games in the context of a contemporary world defined by Vilém Flusser as "codified world". In such a world, the increasingly intense relationship between humans and the "apparatus" - which transmit messages - seems to program reality in an accelerated and disorganized way. However, amid the massive production of cultural industry programs, independent content arise, created generated and shared by individuals of the multitude. "Games of multitude" is a term propounded by Dyer- Witheford and Peuter to describe games that somehow, beyond its status of entertainment - or spectacle - provide the players experiences that address the most varied and complex political and social issues. Through Flusser s philosophy a historic resumption between the human beings relationships and their cultural communication processes is drawn up, pursuing the contextualization of the video games as an expressive media. Nonetheless, with Paolo Virno s thoughts regarding the overlapping of concepts, work, political action and intellect, it is possible to understand the individual from the multitude as someone distressed by their submission to work and lack of expressive possibilities. The multitude, however, although submitted to the sovereignty of capital, attempts to break through. Electronic games, with their features and possibilities, become interesting tools for the expression of the multitude s critical energy. Through the analysis of the works of Dyer- Witheford and Peuter, Steven Johnson, Gonzalo Frasca and Paolo Pedercini, we seek videogames expressive specificities. A detailed analysis of three games of multitude - "How to Build a Better Mouse Trap" "Papers, Please" and "Phone Story" is pursued. Such analysis allows illustrating concepts, and propounding possible categories for forms, practices and potential of game of multitude
A dissertação procura examinar aspectos específicos dos videogames, no contexto de um mundo contemporâneo definido por Vilém Flusser como "mundo codificado". Em tal mundo, a convivência cada vez mais intensa entre seres humanos e "aparelhos" - que transmitem mensagens - parece programar de maneira acelerada e desordenada a realidade. Entretanto, em meio à produção massiva dos programas da indústria cultural, surgem obras independentes, idealizadas, produzidas e compartilhadas por indivíduos da multidão. Jogos de multidão é um termo proposto por Dyer-Witheford e Peuter para descrever games que, de alguma forma, ultrapassam sua condição de entretenimento - ou espetáculo - proporcionando aos jogadores experiências que abordam as mais diversas e complexas questões políticas e sociais. Por meio da filosofia de Flusser, elabora-se uma retomada histórica do relacionamento dos seres humanos e seus processos culturais de comunicação, buscando contextualizar os jogos eletrônicos como mídia expressiva. Já com as reflexões de Paolo Virno quanto à sobreposição dos conceitos de trabalho, ação política e intelecto, é possível compreender o indivíduo da multidão como alguém angustiado pela sua submissão ao trabalho e carência de possibilidades expressivas. A multidão, entretanto, ainda que sujeita à soberania do capital, produz tentativas de ruptura. Os jogos eletrônicos, por suas características e possibilidades, tornam-se ferramentas interessantes para a manifestação da energia crítica da multidão. Através da análise das obras de Dyer-Witheford e Peuter, Steven Johnson, Gonzalo Frasca e Paolo Pedercini, busca-se por tais especificidades expressivas dos games, buscando uma análise detalhada de três jogos de multidão - How to Build a Better Mouse Trap , Papers, Please e Phone Story . Tal análise permite exemplificar conceitos e propor categorias possíveis para as formas, práticas e potencialidades dos jogos de multidão
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Santaolaya, Cesteros Clara. "Nosotros, el pueblo: figuraciones de la toma de la calle en la historia del cine". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670779.
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Este trabajo de investigación se propone realizar un particular recorrido por la historia del cine a través de la figuración de la toma de la calle, es decir, a través del gesto mediante el cual la masa se hace presente y reclama para sí misma la dignidad de pertenecer al pueblo, de ser el pueblo. Tomar la calle es, en este sentido, un acto supremo de enunciación colectiva con el que las sociedades se autodeterminan y afirman, mediante la reunión de sus cuerpos, movimientos y gestos plurales, que, en ese momento, pasan a actuar de concierto. Esta tesis tratará de analizar cómo los pueblos se han representado a sí mismos en uno de sus gestos más determinativos, a través del estudio de diversas películas pertenecientes a tres de las principales corrientes cinematográficas: el clasicismo, la modernidad y la contemporaneidad. La intención de esta investigación será, pues, atisbar, en esas mismas imágenes, ciertos aspectos sintomáticos, y acaso esenciales, de las sociedades que las han ido ideando y filmando a lo largo del devenir de la historia.This research work intends to give a particular overview of the history of cinema through the appearance of street demonstrations; that is, through movements by which the masses show their presence and reclaim for themselves the dignity of belonging to the people, of being the people. In this sense, street demonstrations are therefore the ultimate act of collective statement by which societies self-determine and assert themselves through the gathering of pluralistic bodies, movements and actions which, at that moment, work together. This thesis intends to analyse how peoples have represented themselves in one of their most determinative gestures through the study of various films belonging to the three main cinematic currents: the classicism, the modernity and the contemporaneity. The intention of this research is therefore to observe, in these images, certain symptomatic and perhaps essential aspects of societies that have been devised and filmed over the course of History.
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ARAÚJO, Sérgio Luiz Elias de. "Era para ser apenas um (mega) evento esportivo? Como a Copa do Mundo 2014 evidenciou a crise política brasileira". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17091.
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Tendo como pano de fundo a realização da Copa do Mundo FIFA no Brasil em 2014, esta tese busca refletir sobre as relações sociais pós-modernas a partir da postura imperial na economia contemporânea, buscando compreender a dinâmica das forças antagônicas e concomitantemente complementares que exercem os representantes do capital internacional, associado aos governos, numa situação de constante conflito com os organismos da sociedade civil que compõem a multidão. Estas observações se darão sob a lente da teoria do Império de Michael Hardt e Antonio Negri. Contudo, visto a teoria ser bastante ampla, os dados não nos permitiram abordar todas as categorias teóricas desenvolvidas pelos autores. Assim, nós discorreremos apenas sobre as noções de soberania, produção imaterial, guerra e democracia. Para a análise dos dados, optamos pelo método arqueológico foucaultiano de análise do discurso, que é realizado em quatro etapas, quais sejam: definição dos enunciados, inferência das funções enunciativas, determinação das regras e construção das formações discursivas.
Against the backdrop of the implementation of the FIFA World Cup in Brazil in 2014, this thesis seeks to reflect on the post-modern social relations from the imperial posture in the contemporary economy, seeking to understand the dynamics of the opposing forces and at the same time complementary representatives of international capital, associated with governments, in a situation of constant conflict with the civil society organizations that make up the multitude. These observations will be under the lens of the theory of Empire by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. However, since the theory to be quite large, the data do not allow us to address all theoretical categories developed by the authors. So, we will discuss only on the notions of sovereignty, immaterial production, war and democracy. For data analysis, we chose the Foucauldian archaeological method of discourse analysis, which is conducted in four stages, namely: definition of statements, inference enunciative functions, determining the rules and construction of discursive formations.
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Michalak, Tomasz Zbigniew. "“The megaphone of destiny—” composition, voice, and multitude in the auditory avant-garde of the Twentieth Century : Gertrude Stein, Samuel Beckett, John Cage, and Frank Zappa". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46499.
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This thesis traces the critical history of the term ‘auditory turn.’ Following Marshall McLuhan, I argue that the emergence of sound and sound-oriented concepts in Twentieth-Century literature and culture exemplifies a paradigm shift in the way a literary text operates. This shift affects not just literature but forms of literacy and literary analysis. By drawing on McLuhan’s notions like ‘the scandal of cubism’ and the ‘acoustic space’ as well as Walter Ong’s ‘secondary orality’ along with subsequent research in media and sound studies, I examine a group of selected works that manifest the idea of auditory text, a text characterized by performative sonority, aspiring to the condition of music. The thesis offers four ‘representative anecdotes’ of the ‘auditory turn’ in avant-garde and experimental literature, Gertrude Stein, Samuel Beckett, John Cage, and Frank Zappa, each of which is engaged in a separate chapter. Chapter 1 draws on the relationship between sound and presence and landscape as it applies to Stein’s ideas concerning composition and landscape theatre. Chapter 2 turns to selected short prose works of Beckett to demonstrate the attention to sound in the way in which the problem of voice as a marker of self preoccupies Beckett. Chapter 3 examines selected writings of John Cage that engage the problem of sound and voice both theoretically, as themes addressed critically, and in his practice of using voice as an instrument. Chapter 4 directs critical attention to Frank Zappa’s writings as well as musical compositions that explicitly engage the issue of sound, voice, and noise in popular culture. The four chapters help develop systematically the structural argument of the thesis concerning the interface of sound, text, and image, demonstrating this interface to manifest in three related ways, as composition, voice, and multitude (also referred to as peopling).
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Silvestri, Kátia Vanessa Tarantini. "Carnavalização como transgrediência da multidão". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5638.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-14Problematize the carnivalesque as a political inorganization a multitude of subjects who transgress power relations is the general aim of the thesis study. Popular demonstrations in societies that emerge are answers to the oppressor s mechanisms and relations of power that the capitalist logic promotes. These popular events appear as everyday ideology through carnivalesque relationships and are problematized, by this reflection, as objects of study. Two cutouts appear as places of observation in order to emphasize the clashes. 1) The street carnivals that reappear in the last ten years in the national and international scene as noted by the media dissemination. 2) The movement known as Carnival Against Capitalism - promoted by individuals from different countries constituting crowds that destabilize power relations. For such thinkers as Bakhtin (2006a, 2010a, 2010b, 2010c, 2011a ) and Negri, Hardt ( 2005a ) are crucial references in this architectural reflection. Some questions guide this study: 1) What can be read as manifestations carnival towards transgredient? 2) How different subjects do carnival? The purpose is specifically from such questions: 1) argue that every day events can carry a valued investment and such investment, disrupts discourses and relations of domination. 2) Affirm the existence of a "collective of a singularity which are not limited to the massive pocket of dough and composes the crowd. 3) Understand the crowd as a grotesque body - tireless and inalienable. Taking for granted the inextricable link between the social situation and the sign key understandings were: 1) There is no cohesive identity, but identities in constant struggle. 2) There is no speech that completely silenced the other, but lives in the discursive struggle linguistic materiality. 3) The carnivalization is a form of activism, a responsive activity. 4) A rule carnival happens as a counterpoint to the official system through various demonstrations and protests, art, music and parties. 5 - A crowd of singularities also has an affirmative view towards transgredient. Their actions may be carnival i.e., responses to ethics rectified. The research methodology is based on the theoretical perspective of Bakhtin's dialogical dialectic - clash of words and against words - which briefly means that the sign is part of a communication system and therefore cannot be separated from the concrete forms of communication, there is no separation between material reality and ideology of the sign, and there is a tense relationship between official and everyday discourses of.
Problematizar a carnavalização como inorganização política de uma multidão de sujeitos que transgridem relações de poder é o objetivo geral de estudo da tese. As manifestações populares que despontam nas sociedades são respostas aos mecanismos opressores e às relações de poder que a lógica capitalista promove. Essas manifestações populares configuram-se como ideologia cotidiana por meio do carnavalizar relações e são problematizadas, pela presente reflexão, como objetos de estudo. Dois recortes apresentam-se como lugares de observação a fim de ressaltar os confrontos carnavalizados. 1) Os carnavais de rua que, nos últimos dez anos, reaparecem no cenário nacional e internacional conforme se constata pela divulgação midiática. 2) O movimento Carnaval contra o capitalismo - promovido por sujeitos de diferentes países constituindo multidões que desestabilizam relações de poder. Para tanto pensadores como Bakhtin (2006a; 2010a; 2010b; 2010c, 2011a) e Negri; Hardt (2005a) são referências cruciais na arquitetônica dessa reflexão. Algumas perguntas norteiam o presente estudo: 1) Quais manifestações podem ser lidas como carnavalescas no sentido de transgrediência? 2) Como diferentes sujeitos carnavalizam? Objetiva-se, especificamente, a partir de tais indagações: 1) Argumentar que manifestações cotidianas podem carregar uma inversão valorativa e, tal inversão, desestrutura discursos e relações de dominação. 2) Afirmar a existência de um coletivo de singularidades que não se limitam ao formato massivo da massa e compõe a multidão. 3) Compreender a multidão como um corpo grotesco - incapturável e inalienável. Ao tomar como pressuposto a ligação indissociável entre a situação social e o signo as principais compreensões encontrados foram: 1) Não há identidade coesa, mas identidades em constante luta. 2) Não há discurso que silencie o outro completamente, mas sim embate discursivo vivo na materialidade linguística. 3) A carnavalização é uma das formas de ativismo, uma atividade responsiva. 4) Um governar carnavalizado acontece como contraponto ao sistema oficial mediante diversas manifestações populares como protestos, artes, músicas e festas. 5 - A multidão formada por singularidades tem também uma face afirmativa no sentido de transgrediência. Suas ações podem ser carnavalescas, ou seja, respostas à eticidade retificada. A metodologia de pesquisa fundamenta-se na perspectiva teórica de Bakhtin da dialética dialógica - embate de palavras e contrapalavras o que sumariamente significa que o signo faz parte de um sistema de comunicação e, por isso, não pode ser separado das formas concretas de comunicação; que não há separação entre a realidade material do signo e a ideologia; e que há uma tensa relação entre discursos oficiais e cotidianos de forma carnavalesca.
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Zaaroura, Mayssam. "Forgotten Revolutionaries: Reflections on Political Emancipation for Palestinian Refugee Women in Lebanon". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23106.
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This research explores Palestinian refugee women’s political rights through a broader examination of the gender dynamics in one refugee camp in Lebanon. Using two focus groups and individual interviews with 20 women, the research highlights the patriarchal and colonial structures that dominate the women’s lives, preventing them not only from engaging in political activities, but also hindering their opportunities for work and socialization outside their immediate familial spheres. The political disillusionment within the researched and broader Palestinian community, as a result of the encroaching project of Empire as defined by Hardt and Negri, has created a divided Palestinian cause, a failed youth, and a society attempting to hold on to its identity. However, along with that comes the oppression of a sub-section of that society – the women; the remaining possession that the men have. Women who previously engaged in armed resistance have not advanced politically, socially, or economically – and in fact the history of their struggles are being erased as surely as their land is. Nonetheless, pockets of resistance – a Multitude – of women, agents in their own fates, are fighting the current towards a more emancipatory future for themselves and future Palestinian men and women.
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Marcinkevičius, Tomas. "The Flaneur as Social Critic: Benjaminian Origins and Contemporary Legacy". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140610_163451-44778.
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The flaneur (“stroller, dawdler, leisurer, idler”) is an aesthetic and historical figure that arose in nineteenth-century Paris as a by-product of metropolitan growth. Walter Benjamin brought the flaneur to the consideration of the twentieth-century philosophical thought by choosing the figure as his conceptual persona. The goal of this work is to answer the question “who is the flaneur?” in an expansive way, tracing this figure’s conceptual life from its origins, through the flaneur’s role in Benjamin’s thought, to its contemporary state of being dispersed into the multitude. Building on the works of Benjamin, Charles Baudelaire, Henri Bergson, Georg Simmel, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, Patrick Keiller, Julia Kristeva, A. Kiarina Kordela, Paulo Virno, Tiqqun and others, the flaneur serves as a prism to critically viewing contemporary phenomena. The scope of this work encompasses the prevalence of metropolitan life and experience, disintegration of authenticity and exceptionality, rapid production and appropriation of the surplus by Capital, perception of time and duration, commodity fetishism, increasingly general attunements of alienation, anxiety and melancholy. While investigating the realities and conditons of contemporary existence, one can producitvely turn to the flaneur and his contemporary forms revolutionary qualities: potential for resistance and weakness for recuperation.Flaneur (“vaikštinėtojas, bastūnas, dykinėtojas“) – estetinė ir istorinė figūra, atsiradusi XIX a. Paryžiuje kaip metropolio plėtros šalutinis produktas. Walteris Benjaminas iškėlė flaneur į XX a. filosofinę mintį, pasirinkdamas šią figūrą savo „konceptualiuoju personažu“. Šio darbo tikslas – išplėstai atsakyti į klausimą „kas yra flaneur?“, sekant šios figūros konceptualų kelią nuo kilmės, per jos vaidmenį Benjamino apmąstymuose, iki dabartinės flaneur būklės, kurioje jis yra išskydęs į daugybę kaip pastarosios bruožas. Remiantis W. Benjamino, Charles‘io Baudelaire‘o, Henri Bergsono, Georgo Simmelio, Gilles‘io Deleuze‘o ir Felixo Guattari, Patricko Keillerio, Julios Kristevos, A. Kiarinos Kordelios, Paulo Virno, Tiqqun ir kitų darbais, flaneur pasitarnauja prizme, per kurią kritiškai žvelgiama į šiuolaikinius reiškinius: gyvenimą ir patirtį metropolyje, autentiškumo ir išskirtinumo suirimą, Kapitalo vykdomą intensyvią pertekliaus gamybą ir nusavinimą, laiko ir trukmės suvokimą, prekinį fetišizmą, vis labiau visuotines susvetimėjimo, nerimo ir melancholijos nuotaikas. Tiriant šiuolaikinės egzistencijos realijas, nuolat grįžtama prie flaneur ir jo dabartinių formų revoliucinių ypatybių: būdingo potencialo pasipriešinimui ir silpnybės rekuperacijai.
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Fonseca, Thiago Silva Augusto da. "Hardt, Negri e a organização do desejo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-11112015-133853/.
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Esta pesquisa vai às obras filosóficas de Michael Hardt e Antonio Negri a fim de investigar possibilidades de organização de lutas contra o presente estado de coisas, ou seja, de lutas revolucionárias. Hardt e Negri desenvolvem o tema a partir de uma apreensão do leninismo, entendido não como fórmula de organização de um partido de vanguarda, mas como adequa-ção da composição política dos trabalhadores (forma da organização) à sua composição técni-ca (forma hegemônica da produção). Nesta chave, acompanhamos a investigação que fazem das novas formas de produção, chamadas por alguns de pós-fordistas e, por eles, recorrendo à terminologia foucaultiana, de produção biopolítica, que consiste num trabalho socializado que produz o que chamam de comum. Esse novo paradigma da produção tem por sujeito e objeto a vida, cuja principal força é o desejo. Posto isso, a questão que eles nos oferecem e que tomamos como central para nossa pesquisa é: como organizar o desejo? Seguimos sua trilha em busca dessa renovação do leninismo, a fim de compreender o que entendem por de-sejo tal que possa ser organizado, e o resultado disso, que vem a ser o conceito de multidão. A multidão, como desejo organizado, luta contra o presente estado de coisas, isto é, dentro de e contra um mercado mundial totalizante que Hardt e Negri chamam de império.This dissertation goes to Michael Hardts and Antonio Negris philosophical works in search of possibilities for the organization of struggles against the present state of things, or for the organization of revolutionary struggles. Hardt and Negri develop this subject from a unique approach of Leninism, understood not as some party of vanguard formula but as an adequacy between workers technical and political compositions (or between the way people work and the way they struggle). In this sense, we follow the inquiry Hardt and Negri make on the new forms of production, post-fordist produc-tion to some and biopolitical production to them, resorting to Foucaults terminology. Such production consists on a socialized work that produces that which they call the common. This new paradigm of production takes life itself both as its subject and ob-ject, and its main strength is desire. From this point, the questioning they offer us and that we take as central in this research is: how to organize desire? We follow their tracks on this renewal of Leninism, trying to understand what desire is in order to be organized, and its outcome, i.e., the concept of multitude. Multitude, as organized de-sire, struggles against the present state of things, inside and against a totalizing world market that Hardt and Negri call empire.
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Peippo, Patric. "Föredömet Sverige : Kedjan av ansvar för skydd mot diskriminering". Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6344.
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Föredömet Sverige i korthet
År 1930 kunde Sverige för första gången klassas som ett invandrarland. Allt sedan dess har den demografiska sammansättningen varit under stor förändring. I samma tidsperiod började de mänskliga rättigheterna sitt intåg på den internationella scenen. "Allas likhet i värde och rättigheter" tydliggjordes i FN:s allmänna förklaring om de mänskliga rättigheterna, som mynnade ut i flertalet konventioner, vilka Sverige inte varit sena på att ratificera. Trots att Sverige har undertecknat och ratificerat konventionerna som förkunnade allas lika värde, var det ändock tveksamt om alla behandlades lika i landet.
Sverige blundade länge för förekomsten av diskriminering, åtminstone på grund av etnicitet och religion. Men i takt med en allt mer förändrad befolkningssammansättning och internationellt ställda krav på lagstiftning mot diskriminering, antog Sverige på 80-talet slutligen lagstiftning mot etnisk diskriminering. En nationell handlingsplan för de mänskliga rättigheterna inrättades också på senare år. Vartefter internationell rätt ändrades och utvidgades, genomfördes så även förändringar och tillägg i den nationella rätten, för att fylla igen de luckor som uppstod. Innan dagens aktuella enade diskrimineringslag, hade vi sammanlagt sju stycken samtida lagar reglerandes olika diskrimineringsgrunder och olika samhällsområden. Det mest framträdande området som skyddats mot diskriminering är arbetslivet. Arbetslivets perspektiv är något som genomsyrat de styrdokument som legat till grund för arbetet mot diskriminering, oavsett vilken del av den offentliga verksamheten man ser till.
Staten besitter det yttersta ansvaret för säkerställandet av de mänskliga rättigheterna, framförallt allas lika värde. För att skyddet mot diskriminering fullt ut skall fungera måste den samlade offentliga verksamheten i sin myndighetsutövning ha respekt för allas lika värde. Diskrimineringslagen ålägger alla myndigheter att som arbetsplats upprätta jämställdhetsplaner, som ämnar motverka diskriminering och trakasserier bland annat på grund av kön, etnisk tillhörighet och religion. Vidare är de länsregionala och kommunala myndigheternas styrdokument i form av antidiskrimineringsstrategier och jämställdhets- och mångfaldsplaner/policyer till stor del författade ur ett arbetsgivarperspektiv. Verksamhetsperspektivet, som beskriver utformningen av och åtgärder i myndighetsutövningen gentemot brukarna av förvaltningarnas tjänster och dylikt, kommer i mindre mån till uttryck i dessa dokument.
Kravet på jämställdhetsplaner, önskan om inrättandet av mångfaldsplaner, övergripande policyer, dokument som innehållsmässigt hänvisar till upphävd lagstiftning, integrationsplaner, otaliga påbud och andra övergripande dokument har gjort att frågan om vad som bör inrättas av de olika förvaltningarna blivit påtaglig. Trots att vi internationellt sett är ett föredöme finns klara brister i strukturen.
Hur ser egentligen kedjan av ansvar för skyddet mot diskriminering ut i Sverige?
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Law, Jessica M. "Mark Lombardi's "Narrative Structures": The Visibility of the Network and the New Global Order". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1338559899.
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Qunby, Rohan G. H. "Time, space, city and resistance : situating Negri's multitude in the contemporary metropolis : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Public Policy at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand". Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/923.
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Cities are not merely inanimate objects. They are complex living environments, built over time by cultures and civilisations. This thesis argues that cities have a central place in human history and civilisation because they are imbued with meaning and meaningful activity. Thus, cities are inherently political spaces, and it may be reasonably expected that they will be important sites of social transformation in the postmodern era. In order to understand the relationship between urban space and political consciousness, this thesis traces several different interpretive paths within the marxist tradition. First, we examine the work of Henri Lefebvre, who argues for an understanding of urban space as socially produced. Next, the thesis looks at the contributions of Guy Debord, particularly at his understanding of the relation between time and the city. Both writers struggle to understand the urban in the context of the shift to what we now call postmodernity. Despite their many strengths, Debord and Lefebvre ultimately fail to theorise a social subject capable of resisting capitalist domination of the city. As a result, the thesis turns to a consideration of the work of Antonio Negri. Negri’s analysis of the fate of contemporary subjectivity has reinvigorated marxist critique with a return to the question of political change. His figure of the multitude takes leave of traditional marxism in challenging and productive ways, and helps us better understand the nature of subjectivity and resistance in a world of immaterial labour and virtuality. Nevertheless, this thesis argues that there is still work to be done before Negri’s work can be mapped out onto the contemporary metropolis.
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Pires, Eduardo Felipe Weinhardt. "O Churrascão e Amor Sim, Russomano Não : quando a multidão net-ativista toma as ruas pela primeira vez no Brasil". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4703.
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This research goal is to analyse how some of the first examples of net activism in Brazilian appear through mobilizations based on social digital networks and how they gain strength as to occupy the public urban space. The study was developed based on two cases that took place in the city of São Paulo: the Churrascão de Gente Diferenciada , organized in May 2011 as a protest against the location change of a metro station in the project of a new line; and Amor Sim, Russomano Não , held in October 2012, in opposition to the candidacy of Celso Russomano as city mayor. We have selected these episodes because they the first two to gather three characteristics we consider essential for understanding the net activism development in the country: both appear within a context of local dispute, with no alignment with global agendas; are organized as decentralized networks with intensive usage of online social networks; and reach its climax occupying the urban public space. The empirical corpus was structured gathering the content posted at the Facebook event page of both cases and the related posts on Twitter identified by the hashtags #gentediferenciada and amorsimrussomanonao . Based on this material, we have analysed the two cases as political happenings , according to Lazzarato s concept, which integrate a context of shock between the strength of contemporary capitalism and the power of multitude, following the term understanding of Hardt and Negri and Virno. In order to analyse the enunciations that form the corpus, we took as base Lazzarato s (2006) concept of plurilinguism and also the essay Linguistic Postulates , from Deleuze and Guattari
Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar como alguns dos primeiros exemplos de netativismo no Brasil surgem através de mobilizações nas redes sociais digitais e ganham força a ponto de tomar o espaço urbano, identificando como se dá a produção de sentidos no conteúdo on-line relativo a eles. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de dois casos ocorridos na cidade de São Paulo: o Churrascão de Gente Diferenciada , organizado em maio de 2011, para se opor à mudança de localização de uma estação de metro no projeto de uma nova linha; e a mobilização Amor Sim, Russomano Não , realizada em outubro de 2012, em oposição ao candidato à prefeitura de São Paulo, Celso Russomano. Selecionamos estes dois episódios por terem sido os dois primeiros a reunir três características que nos parecem essenciais para o entendimento no net-ativismo no país: ambos surgem num contexto de disputas locais, sem um alinhamento objetivo com pautas globais; são organizados em rede, de forma descentralizada e com intenso uso das redes sociais digitais; e tem como ápice a ocupação do espaço público. Construímos o corpus empírico deste trabalho reunindo o conteúdo postado nas páginas desses eventos no Facebook, juntamente com os posts a eles relacionados identificados através da ferramenta de busca do Twitter. A partir desse material, analisamos esses dois eventos identificando-os como acontecimentos , segundo o conceito de Lazzarato, inseridos num contexto de embate entre a força do capitalismo contemporâneo e a potência da multidão , conforme o entendimento do termo proposto por Hardt e Negri e Virno. Para realizar a análise dos enunciados que formam o corpus, nos apoiamos no entendimento de plurilingüismo de Lazzarato e também no ensaio Postulados da Linguística , de Deleuze e Guattari
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Pires, Vladimir Sibylla. "Museu-monstro: insumos para uma museologia da monstruosidade". Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://ridi.ibict.br/handle/123456789/841.
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Estamos diante hoje de um novo paradigma produtivo, o cognitivo. Esta mudança faz emergir um conjunto de conceitos que problematizam o modo como analisamos o papel do museu na contemporaneidade. A hegemonia das dimensões imateriais do trabalho está no âmago dessa mudança paradigmática. Esta nova centralidade impõe desafios analíticos e metodológicos para a Ciência da Informação e para a Museologia. Diante disso, outra compreensão de museu se anuncia: não mais centrada em uma relação contratualista, mas atenta à produção do comum; não mais restrita ao edifício ou ao território, mas relacionada com uma rede de redes; não mais a serviço do desenvolvimento de um público ou população, mas uma ferramenta para a autonomia da multidão; não mais focada no objeto ou no patrimônio, como o conhecemos, mas em nossas dinâmicas infocomunicacionais. Um não-museu, um pós-museu para além dos modelos da “obra aberta” e dos “lugares de memória”. Um museu do acontecimental, do encontro entre praxis e poiesis. Um museu-monstro, da excedência criativa da multidão: diante de seu levante na contemporaneidade, uma museologia da monstruosidade?.
We are facing now a new paradigm: the cognitive production. This change elicits a set of concepts that puts in problem the way we analyzed the role of the contemporary museum. The hegemony of immaterial dimensions of work is at the heart of this paradigm shift. This new centrality requires analytical and methodological challenges to the Information Science and Museology. Therefore, a new model of museum is announced: no more centered in a relationship focused on the social contract, but very attentive to the production of the common; no more restricted to the building or to the territory, but related to a network of networks; not more at the service of the development of a public or population, but a tool for the autonomy of the multitude; not focused more on the object or on our heritage, as we know, but in our communicational dynamics. A non-museum, a post-museum beyond the “open work” and the “sites of memory” models. A museum of the “acontecimental”, mixture of praxis and poiesis. A museum-monster of the creative exceedance of the multitude: in face of their uprising, a museology of monstrosity?.
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Woodbury, Rachelle Helene. "Animism in Whitman : "Multitudes" of interpretation? /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1390.pdf.
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Torreblanca, Humberto. "Multitube helicon source with permanent magnets". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1563028441&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Woodbury, Rachelle Helene. "Animism in Whitman: "Multitudes" of Interpretations?" BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/730.
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Walt Whitman used animistic techniques in his poetry and prose, specifically "Song of the Redwood Tree," "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking," and Specimen Days. The term animism can be traced to the Latin root of the word, anime, which connotes a "soul" or "vitality." So, when one is talking about animistic techniques, one is speaking of the (metaphoric or realistic) ensoulment of natural objects. In the wake of a growing global crisis modern scholarship has begun reexamining the implications of this belief; often it introduces ambiguities into an otherwise comfortable relationship of unquestioned human domination. In Specimen Days, Whitman seems to have a more clear view of his natural philosophy, in which he expresses his belief that nature possesses an inherency that he envies and an ability to communicate that quality with him. However, Whitman's "Song of the Redwood Tree" is ambiguous and contradicting. Whitman creates a vision of Manifest Destiny by portraying settlers in California clearing space for houses and agriculture by cutting down the majestic redwood forests. However, this poem contains a particularly odd element: the trees have a voice. They mourn their own demise while simultaneously celebrating the arrival of the new American populace. It is a conflicting image. The animistic, majestic qualities of the trees challenge an anthropocentric view of the world, not allowing the reader to quickly disregard the extinction of the redwood forests in order to embrace American ideals of progress, which in a way defeats the more imperialistic message of the poem. Another comparison, with "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking," demonstrates how important subversion of self to place is when using animistic techniques in poetry. This poem implies that animate nature is a locus for Whitman's creative genius, both inspiring his poetry and permeating it with confusion. Whitman's very engagement with the process of imagining a voice for nature inserts doubt into some of his more imperialistic pronouncements and encourages the reader to question his own previously unexamined assumptions. Animistic literary techniques have the potential to encourage an involvement with non-human nature, along with a more conscious awareness of the way we use (and abuse) that Other.
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Nyström, Eva. "Containing multitudes : Codex Upsaliensis Graecus 8 in perspective /". Uppsala : Uppsala Univ. Library, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017612647&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Nyström, Eva. "Containing Multitudes : Codex Upsaliensis Graecus 8 in Perspective". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-100643.
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This study employs as its primary source a codex from Uppsala University Library, Codex Upsaliensis Graecus 8. Its aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the Late Byzantine and post-Byzantine miscellaneous book. It is argued that multitext books reflect the time and society in which they were created. A thorough investigation of such books sheds light on the interests and concerns of the scribes, owners, and readers of the books. Containing some ninety texts of different character and from different genres, Codex Upsaliensis Graecus 8 is a complex creation, but still an example of a type of book that was common during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. This study takes a comprehensive view of the book in its entirety, making sense of its different parts in relation to the whole with the help of codicology and textual analysis. With that approach the original idea of the book is brought to the fore, and the texts are studied in the same context that the main scribe Theodoros chose and the early owners and readers of the book encountered. Through a systematic codicological analysis, the overall structure of the codex is explored and suggestions are made concerning the provenance. The examination of the scribal work procedure becomes a means to profile this otherwise fairly unknown scribe. The texts are grouped and characterized typologically to illustrate connections throughout the whole book as well as in relation to the separate structural units. The role of micro-texts and secondary layers of inscription is also considered. From the perspective of usability the texts are divided into four categories: narrative texts, rhetorical texts, philosophical-theological texts, and practical texts. Three texts are studied in greater depth, as examples of the width of the scribe's interests and the variety of the book's contents.
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Rosé, Helge. "Evolutionäre Strategien und multitome Optimierung". [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=955717396.
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Cargill, James. "Multitone signalling on telephone lines". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5543.
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Maingot, Stéphane. "Multitype et applications holomorphes propres". Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES010.
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On considère deux domaines pseudoconvexes de C**(n), à bord régulier passant par 0, et, une application holomorphe propre régulière jusqu'au bord, envoyant 0 en 0, reliant les deux domaines (l'application étant définie localement au voisinage de 0). On montre alors que le multitype en 0 du premier domaine et celui du second sont liés par une relation matricielle. L'étude est faite dans le cas général pour n égal à 2, sous des conditions restrictives sur les domaines pour n égal à 3, dans le cas de domaines très particulier pour n quelconque