Tesis sobre el tema "Multi-Piles à combustible"
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Chevalier, Stéphane. "Modélisation multiphysique de l’impédance des piles à combustible PEM. : application au diagnostic de stack par spectroscopie : application au diagnostic de stack par spectroscopie". Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=d7a3ce70-8571-414b-aadc-4b97c799e785.
Texto completoMa, Rui. "Solid oxide fuel cell modeling and lifetime prediction for real-time simulations". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA018.
Texto completoThis thesis first presents a multi-physical modeling of a 2D reversible tubular solid oxide cell. The developed model can represent both a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operations. By taking into account of the electrochemical, fluidic and thermal physical phenomena, the presented model can accurately describe the multi-physical effects inside a cell for both fuel cell and electrolysis cell operation under entire working range of cell current and temperature. In addition, an iterative solver is proposed which is used to solve the 2D distribution of physical quantities along the tubular cell. The reversible solid oxide cell model is then validated experimentally in both SOEC and SOFC configurations under different species partial pressures, operating temperatures and current densities conditions. Meanwhile, a control-oriented syngas fuel cell model includes both hydrogen and carbon monoxide co-oxidation phenomena are also proposed. The developed syngas model is validated experimentally under different operating conditions regarding different reaction temperatures, species partial pressures and entire working range of current densities. The developed model can be used in embedded applications like real-time simulation, which can help to design and test the control and online diagnostic strategy for fuel cell power generation system in the industrial applications.Real-time simulation is important for the fuel cell online diagnostics and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests before industrial applications. However, it is hard to implement real-time multi-dimensional, multi-physical fuel cell models due to the model numerical stiffness issues. Thus, the numerical stiffness of the tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) real-time model is analyzed to identify the perturbation ranges related to the fuel cell electrochemical, fluidic and thermal domains. Some of the commonly used ordinary differential equation (ODE) solvers are then tested for the real-time simulation purpose. At last, the novel stiff ODE solver is proposed to improve the stability and reduce the multi-dimensional real-time fuel cell model execution time. To verify the proposed model and the ODE solver, real-time simulation experiments are carried out in a common embedded real-time platform. The experimental results show that the execution speed satisfies the requirement of real-time simulation. The solver stability under strong stiffness and the high model accuracy are also validated.Fuel cell are vulnerable to the impurities of hydrogen and operating conditions, which could cause the degradation of output performance over time during operation. Thus, the prediction of the performance degradation draws attention lately and is critical for the reliability of the fuel cell system. Thus, an innovative degradation prediction method using Grid Long Short-Term Memory (G-LSTM) recurrent neutral network (RNN) is proposed. LSTM can effectively avoid the gradient exploding and vanishing problem compared with conventional RNN architecture, which makes it suitable for the prediction of long time period. By paralleling and combining the LSTM cells, G-LSTM architecture can further optimize the prediction accuracy of the PEMFC performance degradation. The proposed prediction model is experimentally validated by three different types of PEMFC: 1.2 kW NEXA Ballard fuel cells, 1 kW Proton Motor PM200 fuel cells and 25 kW Proton Motor PM200 fuel cells. The results indicate that the proposed G-LSTM network can predict the fuel cell degradation in a precise way. The proposed G-LSTM deep learning approach can be efficiently applied to predict and optimize the lifetime of fuel cell in transportation applications
Zuo, Jian. "Développement de stratégies de gestion conjointe de la détérioration et de de l'énergie pour un système multi-piles à combustible PEM". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALT077.
Texto completoFuel cell systems offer a sustainable solution to electrical power generation in the transportation sector, even if they still encounter reliability and durability issues. Resorting to Multi-stack Fuel Cells systems (MFC) instead of single fuel cells is a promising solution to overcome these limitations by optimally distributing the power demand among the different stacks while taking into account their state of health, by means of an efficient Energy Management Strategy (EMS). In this work, different strategies have been developed for vehicle applications, with the objective of optimizing the fuel cell system lifetime.The first challenge is to develop a model linking the deterioration trend of each stack with the power delivered by the stack, so as to predict the effect of a load allocation on each stack deterioration, and thus make a relevant post-prognostics decision. Several stochastic deterioration models, from the classical Gamma process model to more complex models with random effects are developed and tailored to the fuel cell specificities. Based on these models, several post-prognostics decision-making strategies for an MFC are proposed and, for each of them, the associated optimization problem is formulated.First, under a constant load profile, taking into consideration both the expected whole fuel consumption and the expected deterioration in the decision-making process, a deterioration-aware energy management strategy is proposed for a three-stack fuel cell system. The multi-objective optimization problem associated to this strategy is solved using an evolutionary algorithm, giving the optimized load allocations among stacks. The average lifetime obtained under the proposed strategy is demonstrated to be larger than those resulting from the classical Average Load and Daisy Chain strategies.Furthermore, under a random dynamic load profile, taking into consideration the deterioration phenomena due to both the load magnitude and the load variations, an event-based decision-making strategy is built for a two-stack fuel cell system. The optimal load allocations are obtained by minimizing the objective function which is estimated based on the prevision of the future system deterioration. An investigation on the influence of the random dynamic loads on the proposed strategy performance shows that the average lifetime obtained with unknown event duration is close to that with known event duration, which proves the robustness of the proposed strategy. Moreover, it is shown that the average system lifetime is increased when compared to the case with an Average Load strategy, on several different stochastic deterioration models.Lastly, a more exploratory study opening research perspectives in the case where the multi-stack system is composed of three stacks, only two of which are operating at the same time. To optimize the lifetime of the stacks, while meeting the load demand, the EMS must also optimize the start and stop of the different stacks. In fact, the optimization of stack replacement is also required for a long-term operation task. Therefore, this study opens the way to maintenance approaches to multi-stack systems
Abbaspour, Nima. "Approche numérique et expérimentale des écoulements au sein des piles à combustible : innovations liées aux conditions aux limites". Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0507.
Texto completoThis thesis is part of a wider project that aims at improving proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) efficiency and stability. Our contribution aims at improving the geometry and structure of channels in anode and cathode bipolar plates (BPP) using experiments and simulations. The operation of a PEMFC involves multiphase flows and multiphysics phenomenon such as reactant concentration and electron exchange between the components. To simulate such a complex system employed industrial codes as well as Lattice Boltzmann Method. Chapter 1 reminds the basic principle of PEM fuel cell and the role of the fluids that flow through BPP channels. We describe a standard version of the latter and the modifications which we consider here. Chapter 2 details a classical model that describes PEM fuel cell operation in steady regime and assumes single phase flows in channels. The underlying equations and their simulation (using COMSOL) are validated by an experiment performed on standard single cell. The simulation evidences channels exhibiting unequal fluid fluxes while the literature points the negative effects of such heterogeneity. Since the used models disregards the possibility of having water in two phases, Chapter 3 describes a LBMcolorgradientcodefortwophaseflows. Wevalidateitagainstanexperimentperformed of a T-junction, a device that has applications beyond fuel cell. Chapter 4, differently, is devoted to steady gas flows in parallel channels that differ from standard fuel cell. An algorithm automatically homogenizes the fluid flow by modifying domain geometry within definite limits. It applies to diverse settings, and manages parallel channels by varying parameters as channel number and widths. However, the distributing channels that span the fluid between channels at BPP inlet and recollect it at outlet also matter. The author thus proposes designs that equalize channel flows. The author creates a new design to study the manufacturing feasibility of BPP. Chapter 5 describes water drop directional spreading on metallic structures decorated with fin shaped channels of parallel axis: experiments reveal almost total spreading only in one direction. Three dimensional LBM and Volume of Fluid simulationsretrievetheobservedtrendandcapturesmallerscaledetailssuggestingsubsetsof the fluid domain where capillary forces or inertia dominate. Most significant results are two phase flows simulations. They describe the different regimes of films or drops at the outlet of a T-junction whose other branches are fed with immiscible wetting and non-wetting fluids. Moreover, they describe how water drops spread on a microscopic relief which results into skewed capillary force
Dang, Bang Viet. "Conception d'une interface d'électronique de puissance pour Pile à Combustible". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140765.
Texto completoDans cette objective, l'approche modulaire, qui se base sur l'étude des convertisseurs unitaires et leurs modes de connexion, a été proposée afin de s'adapter à la modularité des stacks de PAC. Des modèles de pertes et de dimensionnement des composants passifs et semi conducteurs ont été construits. La technique de l'entrelacement est introduite afin de résoudre le problème de fort courant et permet d'optimiser le dimensionnement des inductances. Une nouvelle structure nommée double BOOST dual entrelacé (Interleaved Double Dual BOOST – IDD BOOST) a été proposée afin de résoudre les difficultés d'un convertisseur modulaire présentant une tension de sortie élevée et un rapport de tension important. Les stratégies de contrôle – commande multi sources ont été étudié en adaptant aux topologies de l'interface de puissance. Deux prototypes ont été réalisés afin de valider les résultats de prédiction de pertes ainsi que le contrôle commande multi sources.
Frappé, Emmanuel. "Architecture de convertisseur statique tolérante aux pannes pour générateur pile à combustible modulaire de puissance-traction 30kW". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796139.
Texto completoPayman, Alireza. "Contribution à la gestion d'énergie dans les systèmes hybrides multi-sources multi-charges". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL038N/document.
Texto completoThis work deals with a nonlinear control strategy of an electrical hybrid system which is composed of a fuel cell as the main source and a supercapacitor bank as the auxiliary source. Any algorithm commutation is not used in the proposed control strategy whereas the system works in different operating modes. After a review of various structures of the electrical hybrid systems and different control methods of these systems, two new approaches are developed. The first one is flatness-based method to ensure the energy management in the proposed hybrid systems and generally in a multi source / multi loads system. The proposed strategy is based on generation of a reduced-order model of the system. The energy management is carried out through the reference trajectories of the stored electrostatic energy of the system. The effect of the proposed control method on design of the system components (inductors and capacitors) is explained. In the second approach, the total energy stored in the choppers is taken into account to control the load converters of a multi-source/multi load system by use of the input/output linearization method. A nonlinear observer is proposed to estimate the variation of voltage-power output characteristic of the fuel cell which leads to an optimal performance of the hybrid system. The simulation and experimental results prove validity of the proposed control strategy
Payman, Alireza Meibody-Tabar Farid Pierfederici Serge. "Contribution à la gestion d'énergie dans les systèmes hybrides multi-sources multi-charges". S. l. : S. n, 2009. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2009_PAYMAN_A.pdf.
Texto completoRodosik, Sandrine. "Etude de l'impact d'architectures fluidiques innovantes sur la gestion, la performance et la durabilité de systèmes de pile à combustible PEMFC pour les transports". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI090.
Texto completoAlthough hydrogen is booming, fuel cell electric vehicles are still rare on the market. Their high volume and complexity are still major hurdles to the development of PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) systems for transport applications. This PhD. work aimed at studying two new fluidic circuits that can both simplify and reduce the system volume. Namely, the cathodic recirculation, and the Ping-Pong, which is a new fluidic architecture that alternate the fuel feed locations during operation. The performances of both architectures have been studied experimentally in automotive conditions on a 5 kW system. A multiscale analysis was conducted to compare, with other known architectures, the performances of the system, the stack and the homogeneity of the cell voltages inside the stack. The study was completed with a Ping-Pong durability test to evaluate the impact of this new operation on the fuel cell stack. The experimental data have been analyzed at different scales up to the post-mortem expertise of membrane-electrode assemblies
Berrod, Quentin. "Relation structure - transport dans des membranes et matériaux modèles pour pile à combustible". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981913.
Texto completoHuo, Da. "Impact de la nanostructuration sur la diffusion de l’hydrogène étudiée par une approche multi-échelle dans le matériau pyrochlore La₂Zr₂O₇ dopé Sr". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0046/document.
Texto completoDue to the increase of energy demand and environmental issues of fossil energy, many researches are moving towards green energy. In this context, several technologies using hydrogen have been developed. To reduce the working temperature of SOFC fuel cell, the concept of PCFC is emerging. The ionic conductivity is due to hydrogen instead of oxide anions. The A₂B₂O₇ compounds are promising candidates as electrolyte materials for PCFC. However, it appears necessary to understand the hydrogen diffusion mechanisms in these materials before to investigate news materials with best properties. In this work, a multi-scale approach is performed to study the impact of microstructure on proton-conducting properties in Sr doped La₂Zr₂O₇ as model material. Several synthetic routes have been used to obtain powders with different morphologies.At the nanometric scale, studies by X-ray diffraction, then by Raman spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) have shown that the low temperature structure were disordered a pyrochlore structure. The latter is ordered during thermal annealing. At the micrometric scale, ion beam techniques allowed us to get the hydrogen concentration profiles on the previously hydrated materials. The amount of incorporated hydrogen depends on the densification processes. At the macroscopic scale, impedance spectroscopy measurements were used to obtain information on the electrical behavior of materials. Evidence of proton conductivity has been demonstrated in wet atmosphere. This conductivity is highly dependent not only on the sample preparation but also on processes densification used
Yin, Liangzhen. "Intelligent control for performance optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell system". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCA013.
Texto completoProton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system has been considered as the new power generation technology as it has the advantage of high power density, zero emission, high efficiency, and fast start-up characteristics. Therefore, this thesis is devoted to researching system integration, system parameter trcking control, and system performance optimization for open-cathode and closed-cathode PEMFC systems. For open-cathode PEMFC system, the stack temperature is the key factor sffecting the output performance of the system. In order to improve the dynamic temperature tracking performance under load changing conditions, adaptive inverse control and grey prediction based model free adaptive control is proposed for optimal temperature control of system. Further, in order to enhance the system efficiency of system, a maximum efficiency control strategy based on maximum efficiency optimization and constraint generalized predictive control is proposed in this thesis. For closed-cathode PEMFC system, considering the existed nonlinearity and strong coupling between operating parameters such as stack temperature and oxygen excess ratio (OER), a dual loop multivariable control strategy based on MIMO model free adaptive sliding mode control is proposed for stack temperature and air flow rate regulation of closed-cathode PEMFC system. Moreover, a 300 W open-cathode PEMFC system test bench and a 5-kW closed-cathode PEMFC system tests bench are established. All the control strategies and the performance optimization strategies are verified on the established test bench of open-cathode and closed-cathode PEMFC systems
Robin, Christophe. "Développement d'un modèle prédictif de durée de vie d'une pile PEMFC pour une application aéronautique : étude des interactions entre le cœur de pile et les conditions d'opération du système". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI057/document.
Texto completoIn a global context of greenhouse gases emissions reduction, solutions need to be found to limit the pollution from transportation. In the aeronautics, the energy efficiency of planes can be improved by using alternative energy sources, such as fuel cells. This technology is an electrochemical device that converts hydrogen into electricity, water and heat. Nevertheless, cost and lifetime of fuel cells are weaknesses of this technology and need to be improved.As part of the use onboard commercial airplanes, analysis of a PEM fuel cell system durability is conducted, in collaboration with Zodiac Aerospace. Taking the fuel cell aging into account in the fuel cell system management is essential to limit the impact of inappropriate fuel cell core local conditions, which decrease the fuel cell lifetime. In this work, a complete study is proposed to correlate the fuel cell internal aging mechanisms (membrane degradation, catalyst dissolution) to the fuel cell local conditions which are defined partly by the system ancillaries’ performances, the power profile and the system environmental conditions. The objective is to be able to predict the fuel cell operation and its durability in order to suggest optimization strategies for the targeted application. The proposed approach is based on modeling and validated by experimental durability tests.A multi-physical model existing at the CEA is developed in this PhD to correlate the uses to the degradation mechanisms. The physical description of the fuel cell is done in this model, where electrochemical reactions, fuel cell water and gas diffusion mechanisms at micro scale and heat transfers are taken into account. Improvements are added, in order to better model the geometry of the gases distributing plates used in the tests. Besides, a work on the cooling circuit enables to refine the temperature distribution at the cell surface. Finally, degradation mechanisms are added to model the fuel cell aging. Two different approaches are used, one based on physical electrochemical equations (“Bottom-Up”) and the other one based on semi-empirical laws (“Top-Down”).Results from the modeling part are compared with dedicated tests. In particular, two tests of 2,000 hours each in aeronautical conditions are performed, with two different operating modes (stabilized and dynamic). Usual methods of electrochemical characterization (impedance spectroscopy, voltammetries), post-mortem analyses along with in-situ measurements of the current density and temperature performed during the tests help validating the model.In particular, the measures show that the developed model is able to simulate the heterogeneous distribution of the local conditions inside the fuel cell in function of the operating conditions (dry, wet, etc.). It gives the possibility to monitor the behavior of fuel cell internal parameters which are not reachable by the tests (relative humidity, molar fractions, etc.). Moreover, the model enables to find back the impact of several operating regimes on the aging, giving as well information about the degradation mechanisms acting on the materials. Last but not least, strategies are proposed to improve the fuel cell durability, based on the real cycle considered by Zodiac Aerospace for the use of the fuel cell system onboard a commercial airplane (apart from the propulsion)
Zhang, Zhiming. "Modélisation mécanique des interfaces multi-contacts dans une pile à combustible". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EVRY0035/document.
Texto completoThe fuel cell transforms chemical energy to electrical power sources through a stack of different planar structures. Mechanical phenomena presented on the multi-contact interface acts more or less the fuel cell's performance and lifetime. We have shown that the pre-load by stacking bolts, the deformation of the gas diffusion layer (GDL), the contact and the configuration of the bipolar plate (BPP) had influences on the contact resistance, the porosity and the permeability of the fuel cell. The contact resistance is determined by the contact area and contact pressure. The porosity and permeability are related to the interfacial deformation. The contact between the different structures has a major role in the fuel cell operation. This problem is solved by the finite element method. Various parameters of the fuel cell as the pre-load, the geometric structure of teeth of BPP as well as the porosity of the GDL were studied and allowed to know the contact behavior and the deformation. The influence of some parameters on the mechanical results of fuel cell stack was then tackled. The purpose of this study is to provide optimum values of these parameters to obtain the best performance of fuel cells
Massonnat, Pierre. "Développement d'un modèle multi physique multidimensionnel de pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de proton en temps réel pour système embarqué". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0268/document.
Texto completoThe fuel cell is an electric generator which uses an electrochemical effect discovered in 18 century by ChristianSchönbein. This technology has gotten successively periods of development and periods of void in the pastdecades. After the petrol barrel price rising and the people¿s awareness of environmental problem such asgreenhouse effect, the research in fuel cell field has been increasing constantly. Its higher efficiency compared tothermal technology to produce electricity, the possibility to use no fossil fuel and no pollution final products make thefuel cell an attractive substitution candidate for energy production. However, its cost, life time, power density andother problems related to the fuel storage do not allow it to replace immediately the actual technology which is elderand benefit about scale economy effect. Thus, the fuel cell technology must be improved to become economicallyviable.One of the ways to do it, is to model the fuel cell in order to reflect, analyze and better understand its behavior with aminimal cost. Unfortunately, the fuel cell is a complex system which combines fluidic, thermic and electrochemicaleffects. In literature, many one dimensional real time models have been developed. But to analyze and predict localphenomena, a 2 dimensional model is needed. However, the general two dimensional models use finite elementcalculation methods that cannot be done in real time due to their complex mathematical calculation. In spirit toovercome this calculation complexity problem, the challenge of this thesis is defined: develop a 2 dimensional modelwho are able to be executed in real time on an ordinary computer or an embedded system.In order to achieve the desired real time performance, the physical, mathematical and computer concepts of realtime 2D fuel cell model are developed, combined and integrated with specific organization methods in a C languageprogram which does not requires an important calculation power or memory to run. All the modeling assumptionsand the modified mathematic methods are implanted following an innovative modeling approach.Finally, a 2D, multiphysique, multidimensional real time fuel cell model is developed and its parameters are adjustedwith a real fuel cell stack from different experiments. The results are then analyzed with a structured observationmethod with conclusions given at last
Boucherit, Ahmed. "Conception d'un convertisseur de puissance pour véhicules électriques multi-sources". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823565.
Texto completoDe, Moor Gilles. "Approche multi-échelle des mécanismes de vieillissement des coeurs de pile à combustible". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI049/document.
Texto completoIn spite of strong improvements in fuel cell design this last ten years, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell are still suffering of premature end of life. Failure of the heart of fuel cell, composed of membrane and catalysts, is commonly responsible for fuel cell shutdown. This work brings an original contribution in understanding membrane degradation mechanisms. Different ageing tests were analyzed, in laboratory as well as in real life operating conditions (up to 13000 hours of solicitations). Within a multi-scale approach, from macroscopic to microscopic, and with a systematic usage (hundreds of samples fully characterized), some degradation mechanisms were established. Firstly, macroscopic tools were specifically developed to rapidly track state of health of all the cells from each stack. With the help of these tools, we were able to identify defects inter and intra-cell. It was also possible to discriminate between gas crossover or electronic short-circuit defects, both responsible for current leaks. This systematic approach on each samples put forward some specific areas within the membrane where degradation was promoted. Secondly, physico-chemical characterizations were performed on membrane targeted areas. It was shown that membrane degradation is strongly localized in some specific channels of the bipolar plates and favored by specific operating conditions in the gaz inlets areas
Passot, Sylvain. "Etude expérimentale et par modélisation de l'impact d'impuretés de l'hydrogène sur le fonctionnement des piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFC)". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813426.
Texto completoMahjoubi, Chaïma. "Modélisation multi-physique et gestion d'énergie d'un micro-réseau résidentiel". Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4026/document.
Texto completoThis research focuses on the multi-physic modeling and the optimization of an autonomous multi-source microgrid supplying a residential application. The studied micro-grid is a renewable energy system composed of photovoltaic panels PV as a main production source, a fuel cell as an auxiliary production source, supercapacitors and a Lithium Ion battery as a hybrid storage system and static converters for power levels adjustment. As a first step, this research focuses on the multi-physics modeling of energy sources and storage elements by considering electrical, thermal and aging domain and their experimental validation. In fact, the aging study of the system’s elements requires the modeling of the whole system, since aging depends mainly on electrical and thermal parameters. Secondly, multiphysical energy management strategy is developed based on frequency separation. Thus, the main strategy objectives are reducing the fuel consumption (Hydrogen) and improving the storage and production elements lifetime. Therefore, a technical-economic study is carried out, in order to identify the best agreement between the system total cost and the energy produced. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the most influential parameters on the total cost of the system
Perrin, Jean-Christophe. "Etude expérimentale multi-échelles de la dynamique de l'eau dans les membranes ionomères utilisées en pile à combustible". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00115418.
Texto completoChaabna, Solène Houria. "Passivity-based modeling and power routing of a multi-source power cell for hydrogen production". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I065.
Texto completoGreen hydrogen is emerging as a powerful solution for the storage of surplus electricity which is generated through renewable energy sources. However, a green hydrogen power cell involves multiphysics phenomena as electrical, fluidic, thermal, etc. and the representation of dynamical power flows therein is quite complex. Furthermore, the power exchange between the different components of the cell (Fuel cell, Electrolyzer, storage units, renewable sources) needs to be thought in terms of global performance while taking care of the energy reserves.This thesis proposes a Bond Graph derived port-Hamiltonian representation of all the components of a green hydrogen power cell. From this representation, it is possible to design passivity-based control algorithms. The notion of passivity margin is introduced to account for the robustness with respect to modeling uncertainties or known disturbances. For each component, the excess or shortage of power feeds an Energy Tank, which behaves as a virtual storage unit. Hence, the set of Energy Tanks is an image of the power reserves in the power cell. Instead of using conventional power routing between each component, we propose to manage power flows between the Energy Tanks, which allows us to control not only the power intensity, but also the level of energy within the tanks. Hence, the methodology enables to control both power and energy at the same time, paving the way to Operating Mode Management triggered by energy levels. An application is given on a platform including a fuel call, renewable energy sources, and a conventional storage unit
Marx, Neigel. "Gestion énergétique et dimensionnement des systèmes hybrides multi-pile à combustible et batterie pour application au transport automobile". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD053/document.
Texto completoThe electrification of the transportation industry is on the rise. This rise drives the development of new technologies. Although the fuel cell is not a recently developed technology, it benefits from it. However, it is still too expensive and not durable enough compared to the market's expectations. Scientific research has been focused primarily on their management and its ancillaries. Nevertheless, the interest in multistack fuel cell systems has been rising in the community.The energy management and the sizing of multistack system hybrized with a battery is the focus of this thesis. First, the performances of such systems is compared to that of single stack systems. To that end, a study based on the determination of the optimal management strategy depending on the sizing has been completed. The main tool used in this study was optimization through dynamic programming. Results show a significant increase in performance in favor of multistack systems. Then, an online energy management strategy is designed based on Bayesian decision theory. Its goal is to optimize consumption and lifetime by using driver behavior knowledge. This approach has been compared to other energy management strategies and enables performances gains in consumption and lifetime for the multistack system
Aiteur, Imad-Eddine. "Modélisation, commande et optimisation d’un réseau multi-sources. Application à la traction de véhicules électriques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC047.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the investigation of control approaches to treat the issue of energy management of multi-source electrical networks. The considered electric motor supply system consists on a fuel cell as a main energy source and an additional element that supplies peak power and charges by regenerative braking. At first, three energy management strategies have been applied to the sypply system aiming to minimize the fuel cell hydrogen mass consumption while satisfying the system physical constraints. First, the optimization is realized using dynamic programming,an off-line optimization method that requires the knowledge of the entire power load profile. Secondly, twoon-line optimization approaches are used : ECMS and MPC strategies, for which only the current power demand is demanded.The second part of this thesis presents a decentralized control strategy applied to the power system. The dedicated control structure aims to assure an optimal operation of the FC system while respecting the compressor physical limits and to control the converter current sand network output voltage. To attain these objectives, a dynamic model of the FC system is used,in addition to the SSE and electric network dynamics. The FC system regulation and the control of the SSE state of energy are performed separately with two different controllers, both designed using (MPC-LTV) approach. The third and fourth levels of the decentralized control structure consists on inner control loops for fuel cell/supercapacitor currents and a DC bus voltage control loop, designed using PI controllers. The validation of the control structure is performed in simulation using a nonlinear models of the FC system and the SSE. To validate and compare the performance of different control methods based on a fuel cell static model, these approaches have been applied to the dynamic model of the FC and compared to the results obtained by applying the approched designed and based on an FC dynamic model. A comparison in terms of network efficiency and hydrogen consumption has been done
Ciaccafava, Alexandre. "L’hydrogénase [Ni-Fe] multi-tolérante d’Aquifex aeolicus : de l’immobilisation fonctionnelle à la biopile H2/O2". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4737/document.
Texto completoHydrogenases are the key enzymes for H2 conversion in many microorganisms. They present high specificity and efficiency towards H2 oxidations. Consequently, they appear as attracting biocatalysts in view of the development of biofuel cells. Within that goal, we have studied in this work the functional immobilization of O2-tolerant [NiFe] hydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus. Using electrochemistry, microscopy and spectroscopy, including PM-IRRAS, it is demonstrated that hydrogenase orientation on electrode interface is not controlled by electrostatic interactions but by hydrophobic interactions. The control of the orientation is driven by the environment of the last electron relay located at the surface of the enzyme. The hydrophobic transmembrane helix which is surrounded by neutral detergent is directly involved in the immobilization process. This specific orientation on hydrophobic interface induces the need for a redox mediator in order to achieve H2 oxidation. Conversely, hydrogenase adopts multiple orientations on charged interfaces. As a consequence, a direct and efficient connexion of enzymes is obtained, but also the increase in oxidation current is obtained due the mediated electrocatalysis. The determination of the best parameters for hydrogenase immobilization has allowed to develop new electrochemical interfaces, with increased current densities for H2 oxidation, and increased bioelectrode stability. By coupling a biocathode based on bilirubin oxidase for O2 reduction, a H2/O2 biofuel cell has been built with Aquifex aeolicus hydrogenase as the bioanode
Attemene, N'guessan Stéphane. "Optimisation temps réel des flux énergétiques au sein d'un système multi-sources multi-charges basé sur les énergies d'origine renouvelable". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD044.
Texto completoThis work is focused on the real-time optimal control of a stand-alone system consisting of a photovoltaic generator, a PEM fuel cell, an alkaline electrolyzer, a battery and supercapacitor pack for a stationary application. The coupling of these different sources aims to improve performance, the availability of the resulting electrical grid, the supply of electricity over much longer periods, and especially the satisfaction of the load by using each source in a controlled way.First, a thorough study of the feasibility of the system from a technical, energetic, economic and environmental point of view is carried out. As a result, an optimal sizing method is proposed. A sensitivity analysis to evaluate the influence of subsystems cost and the size respectively on the overall energy cost and the equivalent CO2 emitted by the system is also discussed. Then, a model enabling easy scaling of components to achieve the capacity required for the system is developped. The global model of the system is obtained by exploiting the modularity of the formalism used for modeling (the Energetic Macroscopic Representation). Finally, an energy management method based on Energy consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is proposed. A comparative study of the results obtained by the ECMS and those obtained by dynamic programming has enabled the validation of the optimal control strategy developed
Ramirez, Rivera Victor Manuel. "Energy management of lossy multi-port to fuel cell-based systems". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112087/document.
Texto completoEfficient regulation of the energy transfer between generating, storage and load subsystems is a topic of current practical interest. A new strategy to achieve this objective, together with its corresponding power electronics implementation, was recently proposed in this thesis work. The device is called dynamic energy router (DER) because, in contrast with current practice, the regulation of the direction and rate of change of the power flow is done without relying on steady–state considerations. A key assumption for the correct operation of the DER is that dissipation in the system is negligible. Unfortunately, in the presence of dissipation the original DER ceases to be operational. In this thesis a new DER that takes into account the presence of losses is proposed. Simulation and experimental evidence of the performance improvement with the new DER are presented. As a complement of this work a global convergent estimator of parameters of Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) was designing by using the principles or “Immersion and Invariance” recently reported in control theory
Zhou, Daming. "Modeling and Multi-Dimensional Analysis of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCA011/document.
Texto completoBefore mass commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the research on the design of appropriate control strategies and auxiliaries need to be done for achieving proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) optimal working modes. An accurate mathematical PEMFC model can be used to observe the internal variables and state of fuel cell during its operation, and could further greatly help the system control strategy development.A comprehensive multi-physical dynamic model for PEMFC is developed in chapter I. The proposed model covers multi-physical domains for electric, fluidic and thermal features. Particularly, the transient phenomena in both fluidic and thermal domain are simultaneously considered in the proposed model, such as the dynamic behaviors of fuel cell membrane water content and temperature. Therefore, this model can be used to analyze the coupling effects of dynamic variables among different physical domains.Based on the developed multi-physical PEMFC model, a full two-dimensional multi-physical model is further presented. The proposed model covers electrical and fluidic domains with an innovative 2-D modeling approach. In order to accurately describe the characteristics of reactant gas convection in the channels and diffusion through the gas diffusion layer, the gas pressure drop in the serpentine pipeline is comprehensively analyzed by fully taking the geometric form of flow field into consideration, such as the reactant gas pressure drop due to the pipeline sharp and U-bends. Based on the developed 2-D fluidic domain modeling results, spatial physical quantity distributions in electrical domain can be further obtained. Therefore, this 2-D PEMFC model can be use to study the influences of modeling parameters on the local multi-dimensional performance prediction. The simulation and experimental test are then performed to validate the proposed 2-D model with a commercial Ballard NEXA 1.2 kW PEMFC stack.In chapter II, analyses of dynamic phenomena step responses are conducted based on the developed multi-physical dynamic PEMFC model using the relative gain array (RGA) method for various control input variables, in order to quantitatively analyze the coupling effects in different physical domains, such as the interactions of membrane water content and temperature. Based on the calculated values of relative gain array, the proposed model can be considered as a fuel cell MIMO system, which could be divided into two independent control sub-systems by minimizing parameter coupling effects between each other. Due to the closely coupled parameters in the proposed first control sub-system, a decoupling control method is recommended to achieve optimized control results. The coupling analysis presented in this thesis can help engineers to design and optimize the fuel cell control strategies, especially for the water and thermal management in fuel cell systems
Castaings, Ali. "Gestion d’énergie de véhicules multi-sources électriques et hybrides au travers de la représentation énergétique macroscopique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10025/document.
Texto completoRoad vehicles are at a turning point of their history. In order to face economic and environmental challenges, road vehicle of the future must be less energy-consuming and less polluting. Multi sources vehicles represent interesting solutions in order to comply with these challenges. However, these vehicles use particularly complex propulsion systems, both on the architecture level and the control level. The management of the different energy sources represents a key issue for the energy efficiency of the vehicles to be designed. It becomes a real challenge as soon as one exceeds the usual number of two sources, as in current hybrid vehicles and mixed electric vehicles (battery and supercapacitors). The objective of the works relative to this thesis is to propose a structured method for the synthesis the energy management in real time, of electric or hybrid multi-sources vehicles. This approach is based on a systemic approach using the modeling and Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) as a tool of assistance to the synthesis of the models and the related control. A systematic way for the synthesis of the strategies based on optimal control, has been associated benefitting from EMR tool. Indeed, EMR respecting “physical” causality (integral causality) on the one hand, and giving a clear distinction between the control level known as “local” and the “strategy” level on the other hand, the formulation of the optimal control problem is carried out and efficiently structured. Thus, on the basis of the electric vehicle case with a multi-source system battery/supercapacitors already studied in the literature, the method was applied for the synthesis of an energy management law based on the optimal control. Then, sources were added to pass to the case of three sources by including a Fuel cell, then four sources by adding a generator set. The developed principles are validated by simulation and experimental tests, in order to assess the feasibility in real time of the developed strategies
Aubras, Farid. "Contribution à l’étude de l’influence des régimes bi-phasiques sur les performances des électrolyseurs de type PEM basse pression : approche numérique, analytique et expérimentale". Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0011/document.
Texto completoBased on proton conduction of polymeric electrolyte membrane (PEM) technology, the water electrolysis (PEMWE) offers an interesting solution for efficiency hydrogen production. During the electrolysis process of water in PEMWE, the anodic side is the place where the water is splitting into oxygen, protons and electrons. The aim of this study is to recognize the link between two-phase flows (anode side) and cell performance under low pressure conditions. We have developed three approaches: the analytical approach and the numerical approach validated by the experimental data. For the numerical model, we have developed a two-dimensional stationary PEMWE model that takes into account electro-chemical reaction, mass transfer (bubbly flow), heat transfer and charges balance through the Membrane Electrodes Assembly (MEA). In order to take into account the changing electrical behavior, our model combines two scales of descriptions: at microscale within anodic active layer and MEA scale. The water management at both scales is strongly linked to the slug flow regime or the bubbly flow regime. Therefore, water content close to active surface areas depends on two-phase flow regimes. Our simulation results demonstrate that the transition from bubble to slug flow in the channel is associated with improvement in mass transport, a reduction of the ohmic resistance and an enhancement of the PEMWE efficiency. Regarding the analytical model, we have developed a one-dimensional stationary isothermal PEMWE model that takes into account electro-chemical reaction, mass transfer and charges balance through the Membrane Electrodes Assembly (MEA). The analytical approach permit to obtain mathematical solution of the activation overpotential, the ohmic losses and the bubbles overpotential respectively for the low current density, the middle current density and the high current density. This approach quantify the total overpotential of the cell, function of the operational and intrinsic numbers. In terms of perspective, the analytical model could be used for the diagnostic of the electrolyzer PEM
Villanova, Julie. "Détermination des contraintes résiduelles dans les matériaux céramiques pour SOFC : mesures multi-échelles et influence des cycles d’oxydo-réduction". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EMSE0587/document.
Texto completoThe Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) are high-performance electrochemical devices for energy conversion. A single cell is composed of layers made of different ceramic materials and metal. The mechanical integrity of the cell is a major issue during its lifetime. Damage of the cells is mainly due to the high operating temperature, the “redox” behavior of the anode and the brittleness of the involved materials. In this work, residual stresses in the electrolyte of a planar anode-supported SOFC have been experimentally measured for different treatments of the cell. In situ analysis at various temperatures has been performed. A multi-scale approach has been developed to study the expected strain-stress heterogeneities in the electrolyte due to the strong elastic anisotropy of the involved material (yttria-stabilized zirconia). Different techniques have been used to determinate stresses at the 3 different orders. Macroscopic stresses were studied using the Sin2 method on a laboratory X-ray goniometer. The complete strain and stress tensors of individual grains in the electrolyte have been determinate, after various improvements in the technique, by combining the diffraction of white and monochromatic micro beams produced by synchrotron source. Strain variation into grains has been evaluated using EBSD.This study has identified the main phenomena that control the stresses variation in the electrolyte layer. Stresses heterogeneities from grain to grain have been found and linked to the crystallographic orientation. Beyond SOFC’s considerations, the techniques that have been developed should permit an experimental validation of mechanical modeling to polycrystalline materials