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Afshar, Abbas y Ehsan Najafi. "Consequence management of chemical intrusion in water distribution networks under inexact scenarios". Journal of Hydroinformatics 16, n.º 1 (25 de julio de 2013): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2013.125.
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The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Response Protocol Toolbox provides a list of recommendations on actions that may be taken to minimize the potential threats to public health following a contamination threat. This protocol comprises three steps: (1) detection of contaminant presence, (2) source identification and (3) consequence management. This paper intends to explore consequence management under source uncertainty, applying Minimize Maximum Regret (MMR) and Minimize Total Regret (MTR) approaches. An ant colony optimization algorithm is coupled with the EPANET network solver for structuring the MMR and MTR models to present a robust method for consequence management by selecting the best combination of hydrants and valves for isolation and contamination flushing out of the system. The proposed models are applied to network number 3 of EPANET to present its effectiveness and capabilities in developing effective consequence management strategies.
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BHATT, RAJAN y S. S. KUKAL. "TILLAGE AND ESTABLISHMENT METHOD IMPACTS ON LAND AND IRRIGATION WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT–RICE SYSTEM IN NORTH-WEST INDIA". Experimental Agriculture 53, n.º 2 (13 de abril de 2016): 178–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000272.
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SUMMARYThe resource conservation technologies (RCTs), being advocated for countering the threat to the sustainability of wheat–rice cropping system (RWCS) in the north–west (NW) Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India, have been evaluated mostly for the individual crops, without depicting the impact of these technologies on the succeeding or preceding crop. A study was thus conducted during 2012–2014 in NW India to assess the land and irrigation water productivity (WPI) of RWCS under different establishment and conservation tillage techniques in a sandy-loam soil (coarse loamy, calcareous, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Ustochrept). The treatments included zero (ZTW) and conventional (CTW) tillage in wheat as main plot, establishment methods (direct seeded (DSR) and mechanically transplanted rice (MTR)) as sub-plot and tillage in rice viz. puddle (PR), dry (CTR) and zero (ZTR) tillage as sub–sub plot treatments, replicated thrice in split–split plot design. The land productivity of RWCS was significantly lower in ZTW plots than in CTW plots. The residual effect of tillage in wheat on rice productivity was distinct during the second year of study, when the CTW plots recorded significantly higher (17.5%) rice yield than the ZTW plots. The productivity of the cropping system with DSR was statistically similar to that with MTR. The WPI of RWCS increased in the order ZTW–DSR–ZTR25 < CTW–DSR–ZTR < ZTW–MTR–CTR < ZTW–DSR–PR < CTW–DSR–PR < ZTW–MTR–PR26 < CTW–MTR–PR.
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Mistry, Niraj, Rasha Abdel-Fahim, Olivier Mougin, Christopher Tench, Penny Gowland y Nikos Evangelou. "Cortical lesion load correlates with diffuse injury of multiple sclerosis normal appearing white matter". Multiple Sclerosis Journal 20, n.º 2 (15 de julio de 2013): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458513496344.
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Background:Degeneration of central nervous system normal appearing white matter (NAWM) underlies disability and progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Axon loss typifies NAWM degeneration.Objective:The objective of this paper is to assess correlation between cortical lesion load and magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) of the NAWM in MS. This was in order to test the hypothesis that cortical lesions cause NAWM degeneration.Methods:Nineteen patients with MS underwent 7 Tesla magnetisation-prepared-rapid-acquisition-gradient-echo (MPRAGE), and magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cortical lesions were identified using MPRAGE and MTR images of cortical ribbons. White matter lesions (WMLs) were segmented using MPRAGE images. WML maps were subtracted from white matter volumes to produce NAWM masks. Pearson correlation was calculated for NAWM MTR vs cortical lesion load, and WML volumes.Results:Cortical lesion volumes and counts all had significant correlation with NAWM mean MTR. The strongest correlation was with cortical lesion volumes obtained using MTR images ( r = −0.6874, p = 0.0006). WML volume had no significant correlation with NAWM mean MTR ( r = −0.08706, p = 0.3615).Conclusion:Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that cortical lesions cause NAWM degeneration. This implicates cortical lesions in the pathogenesis of NAWM axon loss, which underpins long-term disability and progression in MS.
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Hung, Edmund Y. M. y Chu Yee Ming. "Main Control System at MTR – Its Evolution and Development". HKIE Transactions 13, n.º 1 (enero de 2006): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023697x.2006.10668025.
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Koo, Kenneth y W. Dorsey Stuart. "Sequence and structure of mtr, an amino acid transport gene of Neurospora crassa". Genome 34, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 1991): 644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-098.
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The gene product of the mtr locus of Neurospora crassa is required for the transport of neutral aliphatic and aromatic amino acids via the N system. We have previously cloned three cosmids containing Neurospora DNA that complement the mtr-6(r) mutant allele. The cloned DNAs were tightly linked to restriction fragment length polymorphisms that flank the mtr locus. A 2.9-kbp fragment from one cosmid was subcloned and found to complement the mtr-6(r) allele. Here we report the sequence of the fragment that hybridized to a poly(A)+ mRNA transcript of about 2300 nucleotides. We have identified an 845-bp open reading frame (ORF) having a 59-bp intron as the potential mtr ORF. S1 nuclease analysis of the transcript confirmed the transcript size and the presence of the intron. A second open reading frame was found upstream in the same reading frame as the mtr ORF and appears to be present in the mRNA transcript. The mtr ORF is predicted to encode a 261 amino acid polypeptide with a molecular mass of 28 613 Da. The proposed polypeptide exhibits six potential α-helical transmembrane domains with an average length of 23 amino acids, does not have a signal sequence, and contains amino acid sequence homologous to an RNA binding motif.Key words: sequence, membranes, ribonucleoprotein.
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Koçak, Mustafa M., Neslihan Y. Çirakoğlu, Sibel Koçak, Baran C. Sağlam, Ersan Çiçek, Sevinç A. Türker y Emre Bodrumlu. "Effect of Retreatment Instruments on Microcrack Formation: A Microcomputed Tomography Study". International Journal of Artificial Organs 40, n.º 3 (marzo de 2017): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ijao.5000578.
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Introduction The purpose of this study was to compare the occurrence of microcracks in teeth prepared with different retreatment systems using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Methods Forty-two freshly extracted mandibular premolar teeth were used. The root canals were instrumented with stainless steel K-files to an apical size of 35/.02 using the balanced-force technique and were obturated using the passive compaction technique. The specimens were divided into 3 experimental groups according to retreatment system used (n = 14): ProTaper Universal retreatment (PTUR), Mtwo retreatment (MTR), or D-RaCe retreatment (D-RC) systems. Each specimen was scanned using a high-resolution micro-CT system before instrumentation, after obturation, and after the removal of the filling material. The images were evaluated, and the presence of microcracks was recorded. Results The PTUR system demonstrated the highest percentage, while MTR and D-RC retreatment systems resulted in similar numbers of microcracks. Conclusions Clinicians should be aware that all retreatment systems may cause microcracks.
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Charil, A., D. Caputo, R. Cavarretta, M. P. Sormani, P. Ferrante y M. Filippi. "Cervical cord magnetization transfer ratio and clinical changes over 18 months in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a preliminary study". Multiple Sclerosis Journal 12, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2006): 662–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458506070714.
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Background Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) permits the quantitative estimation of cervical cord tissue damage in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective To determine whether a single time-point MTR scan of the cervical cord is associated with short-term disease evolution in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS. Methods Using a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system with a tailored cervical cord phased array coil, fast short-tau inversion recovery (fast-STIR) and MTR scans were obtained from 14 untreated patients with RRMS at baseline. Cervical cord MTR histograms were derived. Over the 18- month follow-up period, relapse rate was measured and disability assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. Results Average cervical cord MTR was correlated with relapse rate ( r= -0.56, P = 0.037). A moderate correlation ( r values ranging from -0.33 to -0.36) between baseline cervical cord MTR metrics and EDSS changes over 18 months was also noted, albeit statistical significance was not reached ( P = 0.26 and 0.21, respectively) perhaps because of the relatively small sample size. Conclusions This study suggests that a ‘snapshot’ MT MRI assessment of the cervical cord may detect cervical cord tissue changes associated with short-term disease evolution in RRMS.
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Uda, Takaaki. "Fundamental issues in Japan’s management system of coast for preventing beach erosion". Maritime Technology and Research 4, n.º 1 (3 de agosto de 2021): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2022.251788.
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When an offshore or port breakwater is constructed on a coast, beach erosion often occurs on nearby beaches of the breakwater due to the wave diffraction effect of the breakwater associated with the formation of a wave-shelter zone, because longshore sand transport is triggered from outside to inside the wave-shelter zone. Similarly, when unidirectional longshore sand transport is blocked by a breakwater, beach erosion will occur downcoast. In these cases, longshore sand movement is the key factor. Another aspect is arisen from the management system of the land near a coast subject to such longshore sand movement. In Japan, the management of coastal land is under the jurisdiction of several agencies. When sand is transported alongshore across 2 management areas, the sand right belongs to the agency administrating the area to which the sand is deposited, and the agency administrating the area from which the sand originated has no right. Thus, this leads to uncoordinated solution to erosion problems, because longshore sand can freely move across the boundaries of coastal management areas. In this study, these issues were studied through real examples. Even though the accuracy of the predictive model of beach changes is increased, implementing fundamental changes of the coastal condition is difficult when this issue is unsolved as it is.
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Mariappan, Muralindran, Manimehala Nadarajan, Rosalyn R. Porle, Brendan Khoo, Wong Wei Kitt y Vigneswaran Ramu. "An Application on Medical Tele-Diagnosis Robot (MTR) for Real-Time Motion Detection". Applied Mechanics and Materials 664 (octubre de 2014): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.664.355.
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The use of medical robots in healthcare industry especially in rural areas are hitting limelight these days. Development of Medical Tele-diagnosis Robot (MTR) has gain importance to unravel the need of medical emergencies. Nevertheless, challenges for a better visual communication still arises. Thus, a face identification and tracking system for MTR is designed to allow an automated visual which will ease the medical specialist to identify and keep the patient in the best view for visual communication. This paper emphasis on the motion detection module which is the first module of the system. An improved motion detection technique is proposed which suits a real-time application for a dynamic background. Frame differencing method was used to detect the motion of the target. The developed motion detection module succeeded an accuracy of 96% resulting an average of 97% of the whole MTR.
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Nguyen, D. A. y Long Le Ngoc Bao. "Applying A* Algorithm in routing for Inter-Terminal Transport System at Busan Port". Maritime Technology and Research 2, n.º 4 (11 de mayo de 2020): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2020.240342.
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This paper proposes a heuristic approach named A* algorithm to find shortest route for Inter-Terminal Transport Monorail System (ITT system) that are being applied in Busan Port (Korea). In every transport system, vehicle routing and task assignment are significant problems that affects strongly the overall system’s efficiency, especially the travel cost and the time taking. The proposed ITT system will use shuttles to carry containers along a monorail that links the internal terminals. A* algorithm is used to guide the shuttles in a shortest way automatically from a known loading position to a designated unloading one. In the first part of the paper, we will describe briefly about the ITT system that being considered in Korea. Next, we will explain why and how we implement A* algorithm in dispatching. Finally, we will give some comparisons between performances of new ITT system and traditional transport system through simulation in MATLAB.
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Mak, Man Kit. "Adoption of Overhead Rigid Conductor Rail System in MTR Extensions". Journal of International Council on Electrical Engineering 2, n.º 4 (octubre de 2012): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jicee.2012.2.4.463.
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Hagman, K. E. y W. M. Shafer. "Transcriptional control of the mtr efflux system of Neisseria gonorrhoeae." Journal of bacteriology 177, n.º 14 (1995): 4162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.177.14.4162-4165.1995.
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Saha, Razon Chandra. "The role of Bangladeshi ports in developing integrated intermodal freight transportation system in South Asia". Maritime Technology and Research 1, n.º 2 (4 de mayo de 2019): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2019.175760.
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This paper aims to find out the role of Bangladeshi ports in South Asia for developing integrated intermodal freight transportation system to mitigate the demand of port transport in the region through container from port to inland container depot or dry port or inland container terminal even from/to shipper/consignee premises. The strategic location of Bangladeshi ports in the Bay of Bengal are lucrative for the international traders, investors and others to invest in the port industry as well as manufacturing industry to develop international trade in South Asia especially in India, Nepal , Bhutan and Bangladesh . In addition, Bangladesh has opportunity to serve Myanmar through coastal shipping and road haulage of containers. In here, port rivalry among the ports of Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka is described to focus the importance of Bangladeshi ports also to get the real scenario of port facilities in South Asia. At the end of the paper, deep port initiative is attributed to connect with the One Belt, One Road (OBOR) initiative of China. Finally, in the view of intermodal freight transportation and port competition in the regions, future directions are stated for Bangladeshi ports to compete with others in the South Asian region.
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Li, Hua, Pengfei Zhang y Helong Tong. "The dilemma of charter sales in Chinese cruise market: Formation mechanisms and countermeasures". Maritime Technology and Research 3, n.º 3 (1 de febrero de 2021): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2021.247707.
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The rapid development of its cruise market has made China the shining star all over the world. The average annual growth rate of over 30 % in the Chinese market is achieved by the charter-based sales system. However, in recent years, there has been a repeated occurrence of market crises, which gives rise to low-price competition. The charter sales model has thus been cast into serious doubt. In this study, through the combined methods of literature review and interviews, we carried out an in-depth investigation with a view to revealing the formation mechanism and the characteristics of the sales model, as well as its impact on the market. The study found that the supply-demand imbalance, policy constraints, the lack of related regulatory systems, the imperfect sales system, the sensitive market and weak risk tolerance together with other factors all combined to lead to the frequent occurrence of the market crises. With respect to the cruise sales in China, the research puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the perspectives of cruise companies, travel agencies, administrators and policy-makers.
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Mariappan, Muralindran, Vigneswaran Ramu, Brendan Khoo Teng Thiam, Thayabaren Ganesan y Manimehala Nadarajan. "Medical Tele-Diagnosis Robot (MTR) - Internet Based Communication & Navigation System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (enero de 2014): 1177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1177.
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Medical Tele-diagnosis Robot (MTR) is a cost effective telemedicine mobile robot that provides tele-presence capability for the specialist on a remote location to virtually meet the patient, perform diagnostics and consult the resident doctor regarding the patient via internet. This paper highlights on the development of a doctor-robot interface where the doctor or user can control the robot reliably via regular internet connection from a different location, a distributed secured network for MTRs communication, an audiovisual communication system for tele-diagnosis and a navigation safety system called Danger Monitoring System (DMS) as part of MTRs assistive internet based navigation remote control system. The overall setup and maintenance cost of MTR is reduced by adopting a decentralized network via hybrid P2P technology. With this, the network load is distributed among the users. As for the audiovisual system, the timeliness of the video transmission from the robot to the operator can be attained by CUDA H.264 video encoding to reduce the size of the video stream and by taking advantage of the highly-parallel processors in the graphics processing unit. Combinations of sensors are place around the robot to provide data on the robots surrounding during operation. The sensors data are fed into the DMS algorithm which is equipped with fuzzy logic based artificial intelligence system to process the data from all the sensors and user input to decide preventative measures to avoid any danger to humans and the robot in terms of obstacle avoidance and robot tilt angle safety. The overall system is tested by a set of experiments and found to be demonstrating an acceptable performance. This system proved to be suitable to be used in MTR.
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Saisutjarit, Phongsatorn y Takaya Inamori. "Trajectory optimization of a multi-tethered space robot on large spinning net structures". Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, n.º 5 (2 de julio de 2018): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-05-2015-0141.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the time optimal trajectory of the multi-tethered robot (MTR) on a large spinning net structures in microgravity environment. Design/methodology/approach The MTR is a small space robot that uses several tethers attached to the corner-fixed satellites of a spinning net platform. The transition of the MTR from a start point to any arbitrary designated points on the platform surface can be achieved by controlling the tethers’ length and tension simultaneously. Numerical analysis of trajectory optimization problem for the MTR is implemented using the pseudospectral (PS) method. Findings The globally time optimal trajectory for MTR on a free-end spinning net platform can be obtained through the PS method. Research limitations/implications The analysis in this paper is limited to a planar trajectory and the effects caused by attitude of the MTR will be neglected. To make the problem simple and to see the feasibility in the general case, in this paper, it is assumed there are no any limitations of mechanical hardware constraints such as the velocity limitation of the robot and tether length changing constraint, while only geometrical constraints are considered. Practical implications The optimal solution derived from numerical analysis can be used for a path planning, guidance and navigation control. This method can be used for more efficient on-orbit autonomous self-assembly system or extravehicular activities supports which using a tether-controlled robot. Originality/value This approach for a locomotion mechanism has the capability to solve problems of conventional crawling type robots on a loose net in microgravity.
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Efremov, Dobrin. "Determining the acceptable turning circle manoeuvring modes to avoid loss of efficiency of the twin propeller system". Maritime Technology and Research 3, n.º 2 (10 de octubre de 2020): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2021.244703.
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Nowadays, a large number of newly built inland and navy vessels are equipped with a twin propeller-twin rudder configuration (TPTR). Observations of the modes of work of each unit of the TPTR system when performing manoeuvres at curvilinear trajectory show asymmetrical loading. The nature and parameters of the phenomenon are not sufficiently studied, which in specific manoeuvres could create overloading and loss of effectiveness. The purpose of the task is to study the effectiveness of the ship’s TP system in manoeuvring, taking into account the specifics of working in oblique flow of the “internal” and “external” propellers, respectively to the trajectory of motion. Appropriate manoeuvring experiments with self-running ship model have been carried out by which the propeller thrust and torque have been measured. In the present paper, based on obtained investigation results, analysis of interaction effects in the TP system has been performed. Coefficients for estimating the asymmetric efficiency of the twin-screw system have been developed, and related conclusions were summarized.
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Maeda, Shoji, Qianhui Qu, Michael J. Robertson, Georgios Skiniotis y Brian K. Kobilka. "Structures of the M1 and M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor/G-protein complexes". Science 364, n.º 6440 (9 de mayo de 2019): 552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw5188.
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are G protein–coupled receptors that respond to acetylcholine and play important signaling roles in the nervous system. There are five muscarinic receptor subtypes (M1R to M5R), which, despite sharing a high degree of sequence identity in the transmembrane region, couple to different heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) to transmit signals. M1R, M3R, and M5R couple to the Gq/11 family, whereas M2R and M4R couple to the Gi/o family. Here, we present and compare the cryo–electron microscopy structures of M1R in complex with G11 and M2R in complex with GoA. The M1R-G11 complex exhibits distinct features, including an extended transmembrane helix 5 and carboxyl-terminal receptor tail that interacts with G protein. Detailed analysis of these structures provides a framework for understanding the molecular determinants of G-protein coupling selectivity.
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Murgia, Denise, Giuseppe Angellotti, Alice Conigliaro, Francesco Carfi Pavia, Fabio D'Agostino, Marco Contardi, Rodolfo Mauceri, Riccardo Alessandro, Giuseppina Campisi y Viviana De Caro. "Development of a Multifunctional Bioerodible Nanocomposite Containing Metronidazole and Curcumin to Apply on L-PRF Clot to Promote Tissue Regeneration in Dentistry". Biomedicines 8, n.º 10 (16 de octubre de 2020): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8100425.
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Teeth extractions are often followed by alveolar bone reabsorption, although an adequate level of bone is required for reliable rehabilitations by dental implants. Leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) has been widely applied in regenerative procedures and with antibiotic and antioxidant agents could play an essential role in hard and soft tissue healing. In this work, a nanocomposite (Sponge-C-MTR) consisting of a hyaluronate-based sponge loaded with metronidazole (MTR) and nanostructured lipid carriers containing curcumin (CUR-NLC) was designed to be wrapped in the L-PRF™ membrane in the post-extraction sockets and characterized. CUR-NLCs, obtained by homogenization followed by high-frequency sonication of the lipid mixture, showed loading capacity (5% w/w), drug recovery (95% w/w), spherical shape with an average particle size of 112.0 nm, and Zeta potential of −24 mV. Sponge-C-MTR was obtained by entrapping CUR-NLC in a hydrophilic matrix by a freeze-drying process, and physico-chemical and cytocompatibility properties were evaluated. Moreover, the aptitude of CUR and MTR to the penetrate and/or permeate both L-PRF™ and porcine buccal tissue was assessed, highlighting MTR penetration and CUR accumulation promoted by the system. The results positively support the action of nanocomposite in dental tissues regeneration when applied together with the L-PRF™.
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Santana, Everton Jose, João Augusto Provin Ribeiro Da silva, Saulo Martiello Mastelini y Sylvio Barbon Jr. "Stock Portfolio Prediction by Multi-Target Decision Support". iSys - Brazilian Journal of Information Systems 12, n.º 1 (17 de abril de 2019): 05–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/isys.2019.381.
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Investing in the stock market is a complex process due to its high volatility caused by factors as exchange rates, political events, inflation and the market history. To support investor's decisions, the prediction of future stock price and economic metrics is valuable. With the hypothesis that there is a relation among investment performance indicators, the goal of this paper was exploring multi-target regression (MTR) methods to estimate 6 different indicators and finding out the method that would best suit in an automated prediction tool for decision support regarding predictive performance. The experiments were based on 4 datasets, corresponding to 4 different time periods, composed of 63 combinations of weights of stock-picking concepts each, simulated in the US stock market. We compared traditional machine learning approaches with seven state-of-the-art MTR solutions: Stacked Single Target, Ensemble of Regressor Chains, Deep Structure for Tracking Asynchronous Regressor Stacking, Deep Regressor Stacking, Multi-output Tree Chaining, Multi-target Augment Stacking and Multi-output Random Forest (MORF). With the exception of MORF, traditional approaches and the MTR methods were evaluated with Extreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine regressors. By means of extensive experimental evaluation, our results showed that the most recent MTR solutions can achieve suitable predictive performance, improving all the scenarios (14.70% in the best one, considering all target variables and periods). In this sense, MTR is a proper strategy for building stock market decision support system based on prediction models.
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Markowitz, Norman, Beni Tidwell, Lois Lamerato, Susan Zelt, Ronald D’Amico y Kathy Schulman. "Impact of Tablet Burden and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Choice on Virologic Outcomes in Treatment Naive HIV+ Individuals Attending an Inner City Clinic". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1083.
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Abstract Background The durability and effectiveness of single tablet regimens (STR) in treating ART naïve patients in real world, inner city settings, has not been well established. Methods Data was abstracted from administrative/medical records at Henry Ford Health System, serving metropolitan Detroit, for HIV+ patients initiating ART (1/1/2007–9/30/2015), who were enrolled in the Health Alliance Plan (HAP) or had ≥1 clinician contact per year and ≥1 viral load (VL)/CD4 test result ≤90 days prior to ART initiation. Patients were followed from initiation to first of: change in ART, death, HAP disenrollment, study end (03/31/2016), or lost to follow-up. Cox regression estimated impact of tablet burden on ART regimen duration, achievement of viral suppression (VS) and viral failure—(VF) failure to suppress plasma HIV RNA to <50 copies/mL or rebound after VS. Results Among 390 eligible patients, 79% were male, 74% African-American. Median (IQR) age was 37 years (27–47), 49% MSM and 22% presented with AIDS. The majority (65%) initiated on an STR; 35% on multiple tablet regimens (MTR). The majority of STR initiators (63%) began with EFV/FTC/TDF; 24% with EVG/c/FTC/TDF; and 8% with DTG/ABC/3TC. The most frequent MTR were DRV+RTV+TDF/FTC (26%) and ATV+RTV+TDF/FTC (20%). Median (IQR) log10 VL at baseline was 4.8 (4.3–5.2) in STR; 4.8 (4.4–5.4) in MTR cohorts. Median CD4 cells/µL (IQR) was 277 (115–407) in STR; 231 (37–371) in MTR. VL suppression occurred in 81% (85% STR, 74% MTR, P < 0.01) of patients and in 91% of INSTI regimens (91% STR, 90% MTR, P = 0.757).VF occurred in 19% (15% STR, 25% MTR, P = 0.015) and in 10% of INSTI regimens (9% STR, 13% MTR, 
P = 0.459). Resistance occurred in 15% of VF patients, predominantly with NNRTI mutations. A total of 22% of STR and 60% of MTR initiators experienced a change in their initial ART regimen (P < 0.0001). Cox model results suggest STR initiators were 59% less likely to experience regimen change (P < 0.0001), 46% less likely to experience VF (P < 0.05) and 30% more likely to achieve viral suppression (P < 0.05) compared with MTR initiators. Conclusion Inner city, HIV treatment naïve patients, initiating ART with a STR are significantly more likely to achieve viral suppression and less likely to experience a change in ART regimen. Disclosures B. Tidwell, ViiV Healthcare: Research Contractor, Research support; L. Lamerato, ViiV Healthcare: Collaborator, Research support; S. Zelt, ViiV Healthcare: Employee and Shareholder, Salary and Stock; R. D’Amico, ViiV Healthcare: Employee and Shareholder, Salary and Stock; K. Schulman, ViiV Healthcare: Research Contractor, Research support
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Saengsupavanich, Cherdvong. "The first message from the founding editor". Maritime Technology and Research 1, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2019.189719.
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Maritime Technology and Research (MTR) (E-ISSN: 2651-205X) is launched to celebrate the 12th Anniversary of Faculty of International Maritime Studies, Kasetsart University, Thailand.
MTR is a peer-reviewed journal covering all areas of Maritime Technology. It provides a forum for discussion of current issues, new idea and developments, as well as breakthroughs in coastal and oceanic arenas. The range of topics extends from coastal zone to deep ocean, including engineering, environment, logistics, as well as other management aspects.
In addition to original, full-length contributions presenting new research and developments in the field, the journal also publishes review papers authored by leading authorities. The journal implements a double-blinded review system with at least 2 expert reviewers. Articles are freely available to all readers.
MTR’s editorial committee members are academically well-known, ensuring high standard of the journal. I formally invite authors and readers to participate in MTR. Hopefully, MTR can be a venue for us to share our knowledge, advancing maritime technology. I welcome all submissions with great pleasure.
Finally, with great pleasure, I would like to introduce our founding team members; Dr. Supawat Chaikasem (Journal Manager), Mr. Kosin Sirirak (Journal Manager) and Miss Risa Fongsaichol (Journal Assistant), who have worked hard for our success.
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Feng, Hanxiao, Yanfeng Li, Jin Zhang y Yixin Zhang. "Numerical Simulation on Smoke Control System in Cross-typed Transfer MTR Station". Procedia Engineering 205 (2017): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.961.
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Chwang, Morris S. W. y K. T. Kwok. "Total Information System for the New Generation of Rolling Stock in MTR". HKIE Transactions 9, n.º 2 (enero de 2002): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023697x.2002.10667879.
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Veal, W. L., A. Yellen, J. T. Balthazar, W. Pan, B. G. Spratt y W. M. Shafer. "Loss-of-function mutations in the mtr efflux system of Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Microbiology 144, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1998): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-144-3-621.
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Shimpalee, Sirivatch, Sirawit Shimpalee, Vijay Sethuraman y Mitchelle Spigner. "A novel vortex-induced vibration based piezoelectric powered generator for maritime propulsion systems". Maritime Technology and Research 3, n.º 1 (11 de junio de 2020): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2021.241124.
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Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIVs), a phenomenon where the fluid flow causes oscillations against an object called a bluff body by vortex shedding, have been studied as a source of renewable energy. However, few studies have focused on the use of VIVs for maritime propulsion. In this investigation, a novel VIV based piezoelectric generator and rechargeable battery were created for use as a maritime propulsion system. The purpose of this research was to see if piezoelectricity is a feasible source of power for a maritime propulsion system. It was hypothesized that if different velocities are applied to a piezoelectric generator, then 3.4 m/s would produce the most power to operate a model ship. In order to determine the feasibility of the generator, testing was conducted in stages, where each stage saw different modifications to the generator. Each generator design was then exposed to eight different velocities. Afterwards, the data was analyzed through the use of line graphs, box plots, and ANOVAs. It was determined that although the hypothesis was partially supported in some cases, it was ultimately not supported due to the behavior of the most powerful configuration. Furthermore, the ANOVA tests determined that significant differences existed between frequencies as a result of velocity and spring constant, while the number of piezoelectric transducers and velocity affected the voltage (p<⍺). No combination achieved enough output to sufficiently operate a model ship. However, the effectiveness of the generator can be improved by implementing an efficient circuit and modification of the transducers.
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Tamburro, R., F. Carli, F. Cinti, A. Puggioni y A. Venturini. "Caudal approach and Mini TightRope system (mTR) application for the treatment of craniodorsal hip luxation in a cat: a case report". Veterinární Medicína 58, No. 9 (29 de octubre de 2013): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7035-vetmed.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of traumatic craniodorsal hip luxation in a cat, treated with the application of a Mini TightRope (mTR) implant. A caudal approach was carried out in order to expose the hip joint and the sciatic nerve preserving the muscle masses. Clinical follow-up and radiographic recheck were performed at 10 days, one, three, six and 12 months after surgery. Orthopaedic examination was normal 1 month after surgery while the revisit radiographs showed only mild to moderate signs of osteoarthritis (OA) one year later.
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Murgia, Denise, Giuseppe Angellotti, Fabio D’Agostino y Viviana De Caro. "Bioadhesive Matrix Tablets Loaded with Lipophilic Nanoparticles as Vehicles for Drugs for Periodontitis Treatment: Development and Characterization". Polymers 11, n.º 11 (2 de noviembre de 2019): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111801.
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Periodontitis treatment is usually focused on the reduction or eradication of periodontal pathogens using antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria, such as metronidazole (MTR). Moreover, recently the correlation between periodontal diseases and overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) led to the introduction of antioxidant biomolecules in therapy. In this work, bioadhesive buccal tablets, consisting of a hydrophilic matrix loaded with metronidazole and lipophilic nanoparticles as a vehicle of curcumin, were developed. Curcumin (CUR)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were prepared using glycyrrhetic acid, hexadecanol, isopropyl palmitate and Tween®80 as a surfactant. As method, homogenization followed by high-frequency sonication was used. After dialysis, CUR-NLC dispersion was evaluated in terms of drug loading (DL, 2.2% w/w) and drug recovery (DR, 88% w/w). NLC, characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), exhibited a spherical shape, an average particle size of 121.6 nm and PDI and PZ values considered optimal for a colloidal nanoparticle dispersion indicating good stability of the system. Subsequently, a hydrophilic sponge was obtained by lyophilization of a gel based on trehalose, Natrosol and PVP-K90, loaded with CUR-NLC and MTR. By compression of the sponge, matrix tablets were obtained and characterized in term of porosity, swelling index, mucoadhesion and drugs release. The ability of the matrix tablets to release CUR and MTR when applied on buccal mucosa and the aptitude of actives to penetrate and/or permeate the tissue were evaluated. The data demonstrate the ability of NLC to promote the penetration of CUR into the lipophilic domains of the mucosal membrane, while MTR can penetrate and permeate the mucosal tissue, where it can perform a loco-regional antibacterial activity. These results strongly support the possibility of using this novel matrix tablet for delivering MTR together with CUR for topical treatment of periodontal diseases.
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Rubin, B. K., O. Ramirez y M. King. "Mucus-depleted frog palate as a model for the study of mucociliary clearance". Journal of Applied Physiology 69, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 1990): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.2.424.
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To better understand the frog palate model of mucociliary transport, we measured the transport rate of mucus (MTR) from the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, and from the bullfrog, R. catesbeiana, recorded the stability of the MTR over a period of hours and days and over the course of 1 yr, and measured the viscoelasticity, percent solid composition, and spinnability (filance) of mucus from both species. Bullfrog mucus was less rigid than leopard frog mucus (log G* at 1 rad/s 2.09 vs. 2.61; P less than 0.01) and had a higher viscosity-to-elasticity ratio (tan delta at 1 rad/s 0.36 vs. 0.26; P less than 0.05). It also had a lower solids content (8.71 vs. 13.72%; P = 0.02), and there was a trend to lower spinnability for bullfrog mucus (filance 26.7 vs. 33.5 mm). These data suggest that bullfrog mucus has viscoelastic properties similar to normal mammalian respiratory mucus and leopard frog mucus has viscoelasticity similar to sputum samples. MTR was significantly slower in the winter than in the summer months (17 vs. 30 mm/min; P less than 0.0001). Although the leopard frog palate could be used for at least 7 consecutive days without exhaustion, bullfrog palates could be used for only 5 days. Palates of either species could generally be tested for 6 h/day without a significant decrease in MTR. These data clarify some of the sources of variability in the use of this system and suggest methods of standardization.
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Mohi Uddin, Mohammad, Bernhard Brümmer y Kurt Johanes Peters. "Technical efficiency and metatechnology ratios under varying resource endowment in different production systems". China Agricultural Economic Review 6, n.º 3 (26 de agosto de 2014): 485–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-06-2013-0088.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare technical efficiency and metatechnology ratios (MTR) in three production systems confronted with different technological and resource endowments in Bangladesh to identify the suitable production systems for increasing productivity. Design/methodology/approach – The primary data collected by authors from 180 dairy farmers were sampled and modeled in a stochastic metafrontier framework due to its ability to estimate and compare the efficiency of firms among various groups with possibly different group-specific technologies and heterogeneous production environments. Findings – The empirical results show that farms from intensive system were closer to their production frontier than extensive and traditional system. Regarding productivity differences among systems, the MTR is by far highest for intensive, indicating the technological advantage of this system over others two systems. The estimation of farm-specific inefficiency model revealed that farmers’ access to extension and credit services are assumed to be significant determinants in reducing inefficiency. Practical implications – This study concludes that the ability of the farmers to increase productivity vary depending on the production systems due to variation in resource endowments and access to various inputs and support services. Thus, improving productivity depends on effective policy design on harmonizing access to resources and delivery of extension and credit services. Originality/value – The empirical analysis of data representing different production endowments by stochastic metafrontier make it possible to identify the efficiency level as well as technology gap, thus, ways to identify the possible policy options reducing those gaps and improving productivity.
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Buh, Emmanuel Ndze. "Article Towards Developing Domestic Maritime Legislation through Sub-regional Economic Integration: Cameroon’s Experience with the ‘CEMAC’ Merchant Shipping Code". Maritime Technology and Research 3, n.º 3 (24 de marzo de 2021): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2021.243227.
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Abstract: The regulation of the shipping industry is deeply rooted in treaties or agreements – whether bilateral, multilateral or universal. A multilateral treaty may result in the creation of a formal sub-regional economic integration organization, and there are many such organizations in Africa, of which CEMAC is one. These organizations seek economic integration and development through objectives such as the harmonization of transport sector regulations and tend to develop legal instruments that heavily impact the legislative framework of their member states as a result. The impact of the CEMAC Merchant Shipping Code on Cameroon’s maritime legislation can be seen from what Cameroon has achieved in terms of the modernization of its maritime legislation and the provision of solutions to the challenges inherent in its dual legal system. Furthermore, the CEMAC Shipping Code regime must also be perceived as a component of Cameroon’s overall effort geared towards meeting international maritime legislative implementation and enforcement standards. However, the challenges confronting the country at these various levels are huge and questions arise as to the adequacy of the CEMAC Shipping Code regime in addressing them. This paper thus sets out to make an appraisal of the CEMAC Shipping Code regime in its perceived role as vehicle for developing Cameroon’s maritime legislation and addressing the related challenges inherent in the country’s dual legal system. The methodology adopted is doctrinal in approach and involves a content analysis of primary and secondary data. The paper concludes with a proposed strategic framework for maritime legislative development and some practical suggestions directed at the government of Cameroon, but which should equally be useful to governments elsewhere.
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Iqbal, Masood, Sikander Mirza y Mohsin Ali. "MTR core loading pattern optimization using burnup dependent group constants". Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 23, n.º 2 (2008): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0802028i.
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A diffusion theory based MTR fuel management methodology has been developed for finding superior core loading patterns at any stage for MTR systems, keeping track of burnup of individual fuel assemblies throughout their history. It is based on using burnup dependent group constants obtained by the WIMS-D/4 computer code for standard fuel elements and control fuel elements. This methodology has been implemented in a computer program named BFMTR, which carries out detailed five group diffusion theory calculations using the CITATION code as a subroutine. The core-wide spatial flux and power profiles thus obtained are used for calculating the peak-to-average power and flux-ratios along with the available excess reactivity of the system. The fuel manager can use the BFMTR code for loading pattern optimization for maximizing the excess reactivity, keeping the peak-to-average power as well as flux-ratio within constraints. The results obtained by the BFMTR code have been found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental values for the equilibrium core of the Pakistan Research Reactor-1.
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Xin, Siwei, Yixiong He y Liwen Huang. "A novel ship path following method in inland waterways based on adaptive feedforward PID control". Maritime Technology and Research 3, n.º 4 (23 de julio de 2021): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2021.252309.
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Given the complex and time-varying external disturbances of inland waterways, designing an accurate path following controller is challenging. Based on the traditional PID controller, combined with the servo system model and the lead compensator, an adaptive feedforward PID controller for path following of ships in inland waterways is designed considering ship maneuverability and external disturbances. Simulations of a ship in a curved channel in different scenarios are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed path following method. Compared with the traditional path following controller, the proposed one based on adaptive feedforward PID control has favorable relative stability, anti-interference ability and high steady-state precision in inland waterways.
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Pan, Wubin y Brian G. Spratt. "Regulation of the permeability of the gonococcal cell envelope by the mtr system". Molecular Microbiology 11, n.º 4 (febrero de 1994): 769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00354.x.
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Stadler, David, Helen Macleod y Melanie Loo. "Repair-Resistant Mutation in Neurospora". Genetics 116, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 1987): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/116.2.207.
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ABSTRACT Chronic UV treatment produces severalfold fewer mutations in Neurospora conidia than does the same total dose of acute UV. Experiments were designed to determine the conditions required for chronic UV mutagenesis. Measurement of the coincidence frequency for two independent mutations revealed the existence of a subset of cells which are mutable by chronic UV. Analysis of forward mutation at the mtr locus showed that the genetic alterations produced by chronic UV were virtually all point mutants, even though the assay system could detect alterations or deletions extending into neighboring genes. A significant fraction of the mutants produced by acute UV were multigenic deletions. The size of the dose-rate effect (acute UV mutation frequency divided by chronic UV mutation frequency) was compared for several different mutation assay systems. Forward mutations (recessive lethals and mtr) gave values ranging from four to nine. For events which were restricted to specific molecular sites (specific reversions and nonsense suppressor mutations), there was a wider range of dose-rate ratios. This suggests that chronic UV mutation may be restricted to certain molecular sequences or configurations.
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Ghosh, Samrat y Apsara Abeysiriwardhane. "The influence of information technology on the implementation of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code: A shift from paper-based to paperless ships". Maritime Technology and Research 3, n.º 3 (10 de mayo de 2021): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2021.249024.
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To provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced the International Safety Management (ISM) Code (adopted in 1993 and entered in force on 1st July 1998). The Code, through its guidelines and recommendations, provides seafarers (ship’s crew) the course of action for the safety and quality assurance process on ships. Traditionally a paper-based system, the ISM Code is now being digitalized in every aspect to streamline the processes to improve ship operations. This paper presents findings of a review of existing literature available on the world wide web to highlight areas of the Code that have been impacted by technology and the benefits that are being reaped. However, recent cyber attacks on ships and the maritime industry require a discussion on various implications associated with ships becoming increasingly reliant on technology and the advancing digital world. This paper highlights and explains the related implications and suggests strategies to address them.
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Syc, Stephanie B., Daniel M. Harrison, Shiv Saidha, Michaela Seigo, Peter A. Calabresi y Daniel S. Reich. "Quantitative MRI Demonstrates Abnormality of the Fornix and Cingulum in Multiple Sclerosis". Multiple Sclerosis International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/838719.
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Objective. To characterize MR signal changes associated with tissue damage in the fornix and cingulum in multiple sclerosis (MS) using quantitative MRI measures and to determine associations with cognitive dysfunction.Background. The fornix and cingulum are white-matter bundles that carry information related to cognition. While cognitive dysfunction is reported in 40–60% of MS patients, the neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive impairment remain incompletely understood.Methods. The cingulum, pillars of the fornix, and corticospinal tract were segmented by fiber tracking via diffusion tensor imaging. Average tract-specific fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) were compared in MS cases and healthy volunteers. Associations with clinical measures and neuropsychological tests were derived by multivariate linear regression.Results. Fornix FA (P=0.004) and MTR (P=0.005) were decreased, and fornix MD (P<0.001) and cingulum MD (P<0.001) increased, in MS cases (n=101) relative to healthy volunteers (n=16) after adjustment for age and sex. Lower fornix FA and MTR, and higher fornix MD andλ∥, were correlated with lower PASAT-3 scores, but not with slower 25FTW times. Lower PASAT-3 scores were associated with lower cingulum FA and higher MD andλ⊥.Conclusions. Cognitive dysfunction in MS may involve damage to a widespread network of brain structures, including white-matter pathways within the limbic system.
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Mussada, Eswara Krishna y P. K. Patowari. "Development of intelligent system for predicting MTR in EDC process using powder metallurgical tools". Grey Systems: Theory and Application 10, n.º 3 (9 de abril de 2020): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gs-01-2020-0006.
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PurposeThe current research work presents the application of fuzzy logic modeling for electric discharge coating (EDC) process for predicting the material transfer rate (MTR), which has the capability of producing thick and thin films on the conductive substrate material.Design/methodology/approachThirty-two real-time experiments were conducted, and fuzzy rules were framed from the inference made from this experimental data. Validating experiments were carried out to check the feasibility of the developed model in prediction.FindingsA fair agreement has been observed between experimental results and the outcomes of fuzzy model. This was supported by a goodness of fit value of 0.917. The values of adjusted R2 and standard error were 0.914 and 19.112, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsCurrent research deals with the prediction of MTR at various parameter grouping conditions, which majorly influence the response parameters. However, other parameters such as quality of the dielectric fluid, flushing pressure and purity of the electrode and work material and so on that influence the response parameters could be further investigated and stand as a future scope of the current work.Practical implicationsMTR is a response parameter that accounts the actual material transfer to the workpiece during the deposition process. This parameter supports/alters the hardness, adhesion, wear resistance and other mechanical properties of the work material. The current modeling work helps to take an optimum decision without conducting large number of experiments at the industrial scale. Due to the nature of fuzzy logic, this method has a potential advantage in dealing with real-time data for various industrial applications.Originality/valueDeveloping a fuzzy model for EDC process is not yet addressed, and to attain the economic objective of the process, optimal deposition conditions must be determined, which help the industries to reduce the operation costs. The current study outcomes substantiate the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic in decision-making and prediction of response parameters.
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Wang, Yifan, Laurie Wright y Pengfei Zhang. "Economic Feasibility of LNG Fuel for Ocean-going Ships: A Case Study of Container Vessels". Maritime Technology and Research 3, n.º 2 (12 de febrero de 2021): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2021.248055.
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Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fuelled system has received increasing attention from the shipping industry. However, the main barriers such as high capital investment costs required by LNG fuelled ships, uncertainties in LNG supply and price are still hinder the uptake of LNG as a marine fuel, especially for the trans-ocean going application. Also, uncertainties brought by unexpected events such as war and global pandemic, force us to revisit the topic of economic feasibility of the alternative emission reduction technologies. A lifetime-based cost evaluation framework has been proposed to systematically evaluate the implementation of using LNG as fuel for general ocean-going commercial ships. The benefits of the approach were discussed through a case study and the economic performance of the three varying sizes of ocean-going LNG-fuelled container ships were tested. Uncertainty analysis has been conducted with Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the economic feasibility of using LNG as marine fuel under different fuel price scenarios. Case study and uncertainty analysis indicated that the acquisition premium for ocean-going LNG-fuelled container ships is sufficient to warrant the saving in terms of the LCC. Nevertheless, under the low fuel price scenarios, LNG fuelled ship has no cost advantages in the lifetime perspective.
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Yu, Dan Dan, Bao Ming Han, De Wei Li y Wei Teng Zhou. "Study on Capacity Bottlenecks Identification and Elimination of XiErQi Station in Beijing MTR Based on Simulation Method". Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (septiembre de 2011): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.284.
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Due to the capacity limitation, congestions caused by the excessive amount of passenger flow appear in many Mass Transit Railway(MTR) hubs. Computer simulation is one of the most effective way to solve this problem. In this paper, an identification and elimination of capacity bottlenecks method was proposed based on dynamic movement of passengers simulation. Possible optimized solution was investigated through a case study in XiErqi Station, which is the transfer hub of Line13 and Changping Line in Beijing MTR. The proposed model was validated both statically and experimentally. Two optimization measures were dicussed after digging out the passenger feature and the essence of the congestions. One is improving passenger flow organization, the other is reforming operation organization. Then the simulate experiments were done through a proprietary software developed by Beijing Jiaotong University----SRail System. The simulation result shows congestion was alleviated effectively. It is proved that the method is feasible and effective.
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Hasanov, Natig y Mohamed Farhan Alsulaiman. "Evaluating the implementation framework of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code in the Republic of Azerbaijan". Maritime Technology and Research 3, n.º 2 (17 de febrero de 2021): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2021.247419.
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In the aftermath of the 9/11/2001 terrorist attacks in the USA via air transport vehicles (airplanes), security vulnerabilities also became a major concern for the shipping industry. Reacting rather quickly, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) streamlined efforts to respond to the need for a new global legal framework that addresses security risks and establishes mitigation measures to enhance security levels within the extended maritime transport system through the introduction of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code). Security issues became an inseparable part of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) with the incorporation of a new Chapter (XI-2: Special measures to enhance maritime security). The ISPS Code was adopted with the objective of establishing effective international cooperation between contracting governments, governmental agencies, national administrations, shipping companies, and port facilities for identifying, evaluating, and responding to security threats against ships and ports. Azerbaijan’s State Maritime Agency (SMA) is the authorized organization for the implementation of the provisions of SOLAS and the ISPS Code on behalf of the government. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the specific implementation framework of the ISPS Code, including associated regulations and guidelines; it also briefly examined the different security measures within the various port facilities in the Republic of Azerbaijan. This effort was based on 2 different approaches, in which both qualitative and quantitative research techniques were used. Data was collected through interviews with person responsible for the security of ships and the port facilities and from a survey of 115 participants directly involved in maritime security, such as seafarers, port facility guards, and port personnel, as well as visitors. Overall, the implementation of the ISPS Code in Azerbaijan has been successful, and the security level has been maintained at a high level; however, there are some areas in need of improvement.
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Veropotvelyan, P. N., I. S. Tsehmistrenko, N. P. Veropotvelyan, N. S. Rusak y M. S. Pivnev. "The importance and significance of gene polymorphisms in preeclampsia". HEALTH OF WOMAN, n.º 8(114) (30 de octubre de 2016): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2016.114.45.
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Was to conduct a systematic review of data on the relationship between polymorphisms genes of detoxification system and development of preeclampsia (РЕ). Рresents the main genes of detoxification system (GSTPI, GSTМI, GSTТI, GРХI, ЕРНХI, SOD-2, SOD-3, CYPIAL, MTHЕR, MTR) and their functions. Of interest is the possibility of calculating the individual risk of PE based on the results about the presence of a combination of different polymorphisms in the genotype of the female. Question about early diagnosis of РЕ remains controversial and not fully understood. It is necessary to conduct further in-depth, extended study of this problem. Key words: preeclampsia, oxidative stress, genes of the detoxification system.
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Oh, Jiwon, Kathleen Zackowski, Min Chen, Scott Newsome, Shiv Saidha, Seth A. Smith, Marie Diener-West et al. "Multiparametric MRI correlates of sensorimotor function in the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis". Multiple Sclerosis Journal 19, n.º 4 (13 de agosto de 2012): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458512456614.
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Background: Spinal cord (SC) pathology is a major contributor to clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), specifically SC-MRI lesion load measures that include lesion count and volume, demonstrate only a modest relationship with the clinical status of MS patients. Although SC cross-sectional area (CSA) correlates better with clinical dysfunction than MRI lesion count, SC atrophy likely signifies irreversible tissue loss. Using quantitative MRI indices sensitive to early and late microstructural changes in the spinal cord, we searched for the presence of better correlations between MRI measures and clinical status in MS. Objectives: We investigated whether diffusion-tensor imaging indices and the magnetization-transfer ratio (MTR) were better associated with the clinical status of MS patients than conventional SC-MRI measures. Methods: A total of 129 MS patients underwent 3-tesla cervical SC-MRI and quantitative sensorimotor function testing, using the Vibratron-II and dynamometer. Regions-of-interest circumscribed the SC on axial slices between C3-C4. We calculated SC-CSA, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), perpendicular diffusivity (λ⊥), parallel diffusivity (λ||) and MTR. We used multivariable linear regression to determine if there were any associations between MRI indices and clinical measures of dysfunction. Results: All MRI indices were significantly different in subjects with MS versus healthy controls, and between the progressive versus relapsing MS subtypes, with the exception of λ||. In multivariable regression models that were adjusted for age, sex, brain parenchymal fraction, and SC-CSA, the MRI indices independently explained variability in hip flexion strength ( p-values: MD, λ⊥, λ|| < 0.001; FA = 0.07), vibration sensation threshold ( p-values: FA = 0.04; MTR = 0.05; λ⊥ = 0.06), and Expanded Disability Status Scale scores ( p-values: FA = 0.003; MD = 0.03; λ⊥ = 0.005; MTR = 0.02). Conclusions: In a large, heterogeneous MS sample, quantitative SC-MRI indices demonstrated independent associations with system-specific and global clinical dysfunction. Our findings suggest that the indices studied may provide important information about microstructural SC changes and the substrates of limb disability in MS. The identified structure-function relationships underpin the potential utility of these measures in assessments of therapeutic efficacy.
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Chen, Ying-Chun, Chen Chang y Huey-Ling Lin. "Topolins and Red Light Improve the Micropropagation Efficiency of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) ‘Tainung No. 1’". HortScience 55, n.º 8 (agosto de 2020): 1337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15078-20.
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Passion fruit is a commercial crop of economic importance worldwide, with recent increases in demand for high-quality plants for commercial production. Plant tissue culture is widely used for the mass propagation of many commercial crops, however its application on passion fruit is challenged by the problem of low reproducibility, leaf chlorosis, and growth retardation resulted from in vitro culture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cytokinins and light quality on in vitro culture of nodal segments of passion fruit ‘Tainung No. 1’. Three aromatic cytokinins were tested in a modified MS basal medium. The bud proliferation rates of segments initiated on a media containing 1 mg·L−1 meta-topolin riboside (mTR) or benzyladenine (BA) were not significantly different at the same concentration. Buds cultured on medium supplemented with mTR grew and elongated for 4 weeks, while buds on a medium containing BA formed rosettes. After transfer to a medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs), shoots rooted spontaneously within 8 weeks. Furthermore, the effects of continuous propagation under a high proportion of red light affected the subsequent plant growth. Red LED induced an increase in the chlorophyll content (2.71 mg·g−1) compared with other light qualities (1.05–2.63 mg·g−1) and improved plantlet quality. Acclimated plants were grown in the field, and the flower morphology and fruit set were of commercial quality. Findings showed that replacing BA with mTR as the main cytokinin and using a high proportion of red light during the tissue culture induction period produced high-quality plantlets in 3 months. This system is economical and will be further developed for the commercial propagation of passion fruit vines in the future.
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Lixia, Zhang, Lin Nengxing, Huang Changzheng, Chen Hongxiang, Lin Yun y TU Yating. "Relationship between mutation of IR in the mtr system of neisseria gonorrhoeae and multiple antibiotic resistance". Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Medical Sciences] 26, n.º 2 (marzo de 2006): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02895829.
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Zhang, Yifan y S. Thomas Ng. "Identification and Quantification of Node Criticality through EWM–TOPSIS: A Study of Hong Kong’s MTR System". Urban Rail Transit 7, n.º 3 (3 de agosto de 2021): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40864-021-00155-6.
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AbstractPublic transport networks (PTNs) are critical in populated and rapidly densifying cities such as Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Mumbai, and Tokyo. Public transportation plays an indispensable role in urban resilience with an integrated, complex, and dynamically changeable network structure. Consequently, identifying and quantifying node criticality in complex PTNs is of great practical significance to improve network robustness from damage. Despite the proposition of various node criticality criteria to address this problem, few succeeded in more comprehensive aspects. Therefore, this paper presents an efficient and thorough ranking method, that is, entropy weight method (EWM)–technology for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), named EWM–TOPSIS, to evaluate node criticality by taking into account various node features in complex networks. Then we demonstrate it on the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) in Hong Kong by removing and recovering the top k critical nodes in descending order to compare the effectiveness of degree centrality (DC), betweenness centrality (BC), closeness centrality (CC), and the proposed EWM–TOPSIS method. Four evaluation indicators, that is, the frequency of nodes with the same ranking (F), the global network efficiency (E), the size of the largest connected component (LCC), and the average path length (APL), are computed to compare the performance of the four methods and measure network robustness under different designed attack and recovery strategies. The results demonstrate that the EWM–TOPSIS method has more obvious advantages than the others, especially in the early stage.
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Zhou, Ying Ming, Shu Wei Wang, Peng Wang y Li Na Yao. "The Analysis of Test of the Seismic Response for the Metro Station Structure Considering Soil-Structure Interaction". Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (octubre de 2012): 2600–2604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2600.
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In this paper, the subway station structure seismic response of large-scale three-dimensional shaking table model test is analysis, the model system acceleration response time, the stress response of the model structure of the schedule and structure of the surface of the earth pressure time is obtained, which has been the subway underground structure seismic response of the general law, the conclusion can provide a reliable basis and guidance for the seismic design of the MTR underground structures in the general venue.
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Vosejpková, M. "The analysis of proposals of the Common Agricultural Policy reform and its impacts for the EU". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 6 (1 de marzo de 2012): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5387-agricecon.
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The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is of the character of a highly protective policy of the EU Member States. It includes a number of measures distorting the market directly and influences the farmers’ incomes depending on their production. There have been two reforms of the CAP so far and the third one is prepared with intention to come into force from 2006; it is called Mid-Term Review (MTR). This reform is concentrated on keeping and increasing consumers’ credibility and shifting to more competitive agriculture more orientated on market needs. The main Reform proposals include horizontal issues, i.e. Decoupling, Modulation/Degressivity, Cross-compliance, Farm Advisory System, IASC, Rural Development, and market issues concern dairy, cereals, rye, durum wheat, dried fodder, potato starch, seeds, nuts, rice, set-aside, carbon credit, beef. Besides the above mentioned goals, it is necessary to ensure conditions for rural development together with demands on environmental protection and improvement, so-called second pillar of the CAP. The attempt of cross-sectional summary and analysis of the MTR impacts for the EU was made in the article based on results of six studies performed by universities and DG AGRI in Brussels.
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Kit, Oleg I., Liubov Yu Vladimirova, Tatiana A. Zykova, Oksana V. Katelnitskaya, Andrey A. Maslov, Elena A. Shevyakova, Natalia A. Abramova et al. "Polymorphism of genes of hemostasis system and methionin exchange in patients with gastrointestinal tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, n.º 15_suppl (20 de mayo de 2021): e16011-e16011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e16011.
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e16011 Background: The purpose of the study was to analyze the rates of polymorphic allelic variants of genes of the hemostasis system and methionin exchange in patients with gastrointestinal cancers (GICs). Methods: The study included 69 patients with histologically verified GICs (main group): gastric cancer (GC) – 17, colon cancer (CC) – 42, other tumors – 10 (pancreatic cancer – 6, liver cancer – 3, gallbladder cancer – 1) and 50 patients without cancer (control group). 12 polymorphic loci were determined in genomic DNA samples by Real-time PCR: F2 (G20210А, rs1799963), F5 (G1691A, rs6025), F7 (G10976A, rs6046), F13 (G226A, rs5985), FGB G(-455)A (rs1800790), ITGA2-α2 (C807T, rs1126643), ITGB3-b (Т1565С, rs5918), PAI-1 4G(-675)5G, rs1799889), MTHFR (С677Т, rs1801133 and A1298C, rs1801131), MTR (А2756G, rs1805087), MTRR (A66G, rs1801394). Results: The ratio of genotype frequencies maintained in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all gene loci except FGB G(-455)A in GC patients (p = 0.02). The rate of an alternative allele in the F2 gene among patients with GICs was 1.4%, in the control group – 1.0%; F5 – 1.0% and 4.0%; F7 – 13.0% and 11.0%; F13 – 31.9% and 32.0%; FGB – 29.7% and 22.0%; ITGA2 – 37.7% and 38.0%; ITGB3 – 17.4% and 21.0%; PAI-1 – 55.1% and 56.0%, MTHFR (Т) – 26.6% and 31.3%; MTHFR (С) – 33.0% and 27.5%; MTR – 29.8% and 26.3%; MTRR – 51.1% and 57.5%, respectively (p > 0.05). AA homozygotes at the FGB G(-455)A locus were more frequent in the main group, compared to controls: 4.3% vs 4.0%; p = 0.02. No differences in the frequency of alternative alleles of the studied genes were found between patients with GC and CC. GG genotype at the FGB G(-455)A locus was found in GC patients in 29.4%, in controls – in 60.0% (OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.08-0.91); GA genotype – in 70.6% and 36.0% (OR = 4.27, 95% CI 1.29-14.06), AA genotype – in 0% and 4.0% (p = 0.04, χ2 = 6.34), respectively. Conclusions: The univariate analysis demonstrated that carriage of the GA genotype at the FGB G(-455)A (rs1800790) locus could be found more often in patients with GC.
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Roostaei, Tina, Shokufeh Sadaghiani, Rahil Mashhadi, Masih Falahatian, Esmaeil Mohamadi, Nina Javadian, Aria Nazeri et al. "Convergent effects of a functional C3 variant on brain atrophy, demyelination, and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis". Multiple Sclerosis Journal 25, n.º 4 (27 de febrero de 2018): 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458518760715.
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Background: Complement system activation products are present in areas of neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration in brains of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). C3 is a central element in the activation of complement cascades. A common coding variant in the C3 gene (rs2230199, C3R102G) affects C3 activity. Objectives: To assess the effects of rs2230199 on MS severity using clinical, cognitive, and imaging measures. Methods: In total, 161 relapse-onset MS patients (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≤ 6) underwent physical assessments, cognitive tests (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT)), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Lesion volumes were quantified semi-automatically. Voxel-wise analyses were performed to assess the effects of rs2230199 genotype on gray matter (GM) atrophy ( n = 155), white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA; n = 105), and WM magnetization transfer ratio (MTR; n = 90). Results: While rs2230199 minor-allele dosage (C3-102G) showed no significant effect on EDSS and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), it was associated with worse cognitive performance ( p = 0.02), lower brain parenchymal fraction ( p = 0.003), and higher lesion burden ( p = 0.02). Moreover, voxel-wise analyses showed lower GM volume in subcortical structures and insula, and lower FA and MTR in several WM areas with higher copies of rs2230199 minor allele. Conclusion: C3-rs2230199 affects white and GM damage as well as cognitive impairment in MS patients. Our findings support a causal role for complement system activity in the pathophysiology of MS.