Tesis sobre el tema "Mouvements du corps"
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Andrade, Jules. "Sur le mouvement d'un corps soumis à l'attraction newtonienne de deux corps fixes et sur l'extension d'une propriété des mouvements keplériens". Paris : Bibliothèque universitaire Pierre et Marie Curie (BUPMC), 2009. http://jubil.upmc.fr/sdx/pl/toc.xsp?id=TH_000316_001&fmt=upmc&idtoc=TH_000316_001-pleadetoc&base=fa.
Texto completoFéjoz, Jacques. "Mouvements périodiques et quasi-périodiques dans le problème des n corps". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702650.
Texto completoGuillaud, Étienne. "Contribution vestibulaire au contrôle des mouvements du bras lors d'une rotation du corps". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23976/23976.pdf.
Texto completoRecent studies in human motor control have shown that vestibular signals can be used to control goal directed arm movements when an unexpected body displacement occurs during the movement. In this thesis, we investigated the specific functions of the vestibular signals to this control, and the mechanisms that are involved. This was done through behavioural studies performed with healthy human subjects and one deafferented patient, and biomechanical modelling. Our results highlight the remarkable computationnal capabilities of the brain which can process vestibular information to predict the consequences of body rotation on reaching movements. The vestibular control of arm movement i) is characterised by short latencies, ii) operates efficiently in darkness, iii) is largely automatic and iv) defines the temporal aspect of the movement. The control of the arm through vestibular information has therefore common characteristics with the vestibular control of ocular, cephalic and postural movements. Our findings bring important new insights about the functions of the vestibular because they suggest that there is a general principle underlying the contribution of vestibular signal to motor control. Keywords: Arm movements, Body rotation, Vestibular information, Multisensorial integration, Biomechanical modelling, Deafferentation.
Saab, Layale. "Génération de mouvements corps-complet sous contraintes pour des systèmes dynamiques anthropomorphes". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667668.
Texto completoGuillaud, Etienne. "Contribution vestibulaire au contrôle des mouvements du bras lors d'une rotation du corps". Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22063.pdf.
Texto completoRecent studies in human motor control have shown that vestibular signals can be used to control goal directed arm movements when an unexpected body displacement occurs during the movement. In this thesis, we investigated the specific functions of the vestibular signals to this control, and the mechanisms that are involved. This was done through behavioural studies performed with healthy human subjects and one deafferented patient, and biomechanical modelling. Our results highlight the remarkable computationnal capabilities of the brain which can process vestibular information to predict the consequences of body rotation on reaching movements. The vestibular control of arm movement i) is characterised by short latencies, ii) operates efficiently in darkness, iii) is largely automatic and iv) defines the temporal aspect of the movement. The control of the arm through vestibular information has therefore common characteristics with the vestibular control of ocular, cephalic and postural movements. Our findings bring important new insights about the functions of the vestibular because they suggest that there is a general principle underlying the contribution of vestibular signal to motor control
Lesne, Laurence. "Inclinaison horizontale du corps en décubitus dorsal et verticale subjective : direction du regard et référence égocentrée". Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE29056.
Texto completoThis study approaches the role of the gaze and the egocentric reference (Z) in the subjective vertical perception (VS) in supine position. This paradigm consists in placing a subject fiat back, modifying the body direction in the horizontal plane and making estimate the SV in rolling. Three assumptions explain this result: (a) the subject projects subjective Z in the vertical plane in order to pair it with its VS, (b) he projects its VS in pitching, result of a gravito-idiotropic combination, (c) the error in rolling is caused by the gaze deviation creates by the supine position. The experimental study of these 3 assumptions leads to give a fundamental role at the gaze direction in the SV estimate in supine position especially by the interdependence of Z axis and gaze axis. So, a re-interpretation of body tilt effects like dissociation between egocentric space and oculocentric space brings a new explanation to the dichotomy Aubert-effect vs Müller-effect. To finish, results show a subjectivo-cephalo-dependent egocentric adjustment procedure. This points to a left egocentric cephalo-centered deviation caused by an implicit left deviation of gaze related to the usual direction of space ocular scanning. Thus, egocentric space bias would be only the manifestation of the deviation of oculocentric space related to the oculomotor process, and body tilt effects would originate in only one mis-knowledge of the dissociation of oculocentric and egocentric space
Féjoz, Jacques. "Dynamique seculaire globale du probleme plan des trois corps et application a l'existence de mouvements quasiperiodiques". Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA132020.
Texto completoAlmeida, Marcia Soares de. "Les affections plastiques du corps et la danse contemporaine". Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010693.
Texto completoDermy, Oriane. "Prédiction du mouvement humain pour la robotique collaborative : du geste accompagné au mouvement corps entier". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0227/document.
Texto completoThis thesis lies at the intersection between machine learning and humanoid robotics, under the theme of human-robot interaction and within the cobotics (collaborative robotics) field. It focuses on prediction for non-verbal human-robot interactions, with an emphasis on gestural interaction. The prediction of the intention, understanding, and reproduction of gestures are therefore central topics of this thesis. First, the robots learn gestures by demonstration: a user grabs its arm and makes it perform the gestures to be learned several times. The robot must then be able to reproduce these different movements while generalizing them to adapt them to the situation. To do so, using its proprioceptive sensors, it interprets the perceived signals to understand the user's movement in order to generate similar ones later on. Second, the robot learns to recognize the intention of the human partner based on the gestures that the human initiates. The robot can then perform gestures adapted to the situation and corresponding to the user’s expectations. This requires the robot to understand the user’s gestures. To this end, different perceptual modalities have been explored. Using proprioceptive sensors, the robot feels the user’s gestures through its own body: it is then a question of physical human-robot interaction. Using visual sensors, the robot interprets the movement of the user’s head. Finally, using external sensors, the robot recognizes and predicts the user’s whole body movement. In that case, the user wears sensors (in our case, a wearable motion tracking suit by XSens) that transmit his posture to the robot. In addition, the coupling of these modalities was studied. From a methodological point of view, the learning and the recognition of time series (gestures) have been central to this thesis. In that aspect, two approaches have been developed. The first is based on the statistical modeling of movement primitives (corresponding to gestures) : ProMPs. The second adds Deep Learning to the first one, by using auto-encoders in order to model whole-body gestures containing a lot of information while allowing a prediction in soft real time. Various issues were taken into account during this thesis regarding the creation and development of our methods. These issues revolve around: the prediction of trajectory durations, the reduction of the cognitive and motor load imposed on the user, the need for speed (soft real-time) and accuracy in predictions
Chrétien, Benjamin. "Optimisation semi-infinie sur GPU pour le contrôle corps-complet de robots". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT315/document.
Texto completoA humanoid robot is a complex system with numerous degrees of freedom, whose behavior is subject to the nonlinear equations of motion. As a result, planning its motion is a difficult task from a computational perspective.In this thesis, we aim at developing a method that can leverage the computing power of GPUs in the context of optimization-based whole-body motion planning. We first exhibit the properties of the optimization problem, and show that several avenues can be exploited in the context of parallel computing. Then, we present our approach of the dynamics computation, suitable for highly-parallel processing architectures. Next, we propose a many-core GPU implementation of the motion planning problem. Our approach computes the constraints and their gradients in parallel, and feeds the result to a nonlinear optimization solver running on the CPU. Because each constraint and its gradient can be evaluated independently for each time interval, we end up with a highly parallelizable problem that can take advantage of GPUs. We also propose a new parametrization of contact forces adapted to our optimization problem. Finally, we investigate the extension of our work to model predictive control
Lions, Cynthia. "Les mouvements oculaires et le contrôle postural chez l'enfant strabique". Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H125/document.
Texto completoApproximately 2% of children under 7 years old suffer strabismus (Williams et al., 2008), leading to a deficit in their visuel system. Firstly, we studied eye movements during reading and during smooth pursuit in strabismic children and compared these results to non strabismic age-matched children. Secondly, we studied postural control in both simple and double task, and the role of proprioceptive information on postural control in these children. We hypothesize that visual deficit in strabismic children delayed cognitive processing of visual information, and modified motor development by using other sensory systems to compensate their visual deficit. Four peer reviews were conducted to confirm these assumptions. Taken together, these studies provide a better understanding about mechanisms and interactions between oculomotricity and postural control in strabismic children. These findings allow to bring evidence for improve the diagnosis, rehabilitation treatment and also surgical treatment of strabismic children
Gilloteaux, Jean-Christophe. "Mouvements de grande amplitude d'un corps flottant en fluide parfait. Application à la récupération de l'énergie des vagues". Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521689.
Texto completoGilloteaux, Jean-Christophe. "Simulation de grands mouvements d'un corps flottant en fluide parfait : application à la récupération de l'énergie des vagues". Nantes, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521689.
Texto completoWave energy converters (WECs) will require to operate in severe seas. Corresponding motions with large amplitude, and thus their numerical simulation can not be satisfactorily modelled by linear theory. To study such motions, the potential-method approach was adopted and three numerical simulators were developed. The first approach is a 2D numerical model, whose equations of motion are non-linear whereas the hydrodynamic forces are just the Froude-Krylov forces applied to instantaneous total wetted surface. Particularly, the influence of upper works on the total behaviour of the SEAREV device is studied. The second numerical model is a 3D code which solves the linear equations of motion and takes into account the complete hydrodynamic forces in their linear form. The incident wave field can be either regular or multidirectional, making it possible to quantify the effects of directionality on the performances of the SEAREV device. The last developed numerical model solves the non-linear equations of motions in 3D space. The Froude-Krylov forces are taken into account on instantaneous total wetted surface, and the diffraction-radiation forces are expanded up to second-order. The incident wave field is modelled using spectral methods which allow for the modelling of strong steepness wave-trains. Numerical results obtained on regular wave-train and the comparisons made with experimental results are very satisfactory
Berret, Bastien. "Intégration de la force gravitaire dans la planification motrice et le contrôle des mouvements du bras et du corps". Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS065.
Texto completoThis thesis is aimed at better understanding how the Central Nervous System (CNS) plans and controls movements and, in particular, how the gravity field is integrated within these processes. To perform rapid movements, the CNS must anticipate the effects of gravity on the moving limb. To tackle this, experiments in humans and modeling works have been undertaken. The experimental paradigms used here are pointing movements toward a target involving only the arm or the whole body. Concerning the arm movements, our work was grounded on a singular observation showing that upward and downward movements exhibit significant differences, suspected to be due to gravity. In order to test this hypothesis, a theory based upon the minimization of the absolute work of forces produced by muscles has been developed. It postulates that human movements are optimal and minimize in particular an energetic quantity. The main theoretical result is the demonstration of an equivalence between the minimization of a criterion including the absolute work of forces and the presence of simultaneous inactivation periods of agonistic and antagonistic muscles acting at a joint. Experiments have confirmed the existence of such periods of silence in muscular activities at the times predicted by the model. Therefore, we have concluded that the optimality criterion used by the brain to plan movements includes a term similar to the absolute work. A by-product of this result is that both gravitational and inertial forces are integrated into the same motor plan, within the minimization of energy expenditure. However, in most daily-life motor tasks, minimizing energy can not be the only goal of the action; preserving balance or be precise must also be taken into account. An experimental protocol has been elaborated in order to clarify how the CNS coordinates the control of posture and movement for whole-body pointing tasks. Our results confirm the idea of a modular organization of movements for such multi-goal tasks, i. E. Performed from the combination of pre-programmed sequences. In conclusion, this work suggests that the CNS integrates the biomechanical properties of the body and the environmental constraints within a single motor plan. Depending on the task, the CNS could optimize a compromise between energy consumption, safety, or movement precision. Moreover, these results reinforce the idea that an internal model of gravity exists and is strongly implied in human motricity
Vrydagh, Fanny. ""Gagner les corps, les coeurs et les esprits" Comprendre l'engagement dans le mouvement brésilien pro-destitution (2014-2016)". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/305496.
Texto completoDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Saab, Layale. "Generating whole body movements for dynamics anthropomorphic systems under constraints". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1447/.
Texto completoThis thesis studies the question of whole body motion generation for anthropomorphic systems. Within this work, the problem of modeling and control is considered by addressing the difficult issue of generating human-like motion. First, a dynamic model of the humanoid robot HRP-2 is elaborated based on the recursive Newton-Euler algorithm for spatial vectors. A new dynamic control scheme is then developed adopting a cascade of quadratic programs (QP) optimizing the cost functions and computing the torque control while satisfying equality and inequality constraints. The cascade of the quadratic programs is defined by a stack of tasks associated to a priority order. Next, we propose a unified formulation of the planar contact constraints, and we demonstrate that the proposed method allows taking into account multiple non coplanar contacts and generalizes the common ZMP constraint when only the feet are in contact with the ground. Then, we link the algorithms of motion generation resulting from robotics to the human motion capture tools by developing an original method of motion generation aiming at the imitation of the human motion. This method is based on the reshaping of the captured data and the motion editing by using the hierarchical solver previously introduced and the definition of dynamic tasks and constraints. This original method allows adjusting a captured human motion in order to reliably reproduce it on a humanoid while respecting its own dynamics. Finally, in order to simulate movements resembling to those of humans, we develop an anthropomorphic model with higher number of degrees of freedom than the one of HRP-2. The generic solver is used to simulate motion on this new model. A sequence of tasks is defined to describe a scenario played by a human. By a simple qualitative analysis of motion, we demonstrate that taking into account the dynamics provides a natural way to generate human-like movements
Huet, Romain. "Reconnaissance de gestes et communication intra-corps sécurisée". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0050.
Texto completoThis thesis presents the development of a new biometrics approach based on IntraBody Communication (IBC). The human body is seen as a transmission medium for the electric signals. Is that transmission medium discriminant enough in order to use it as a biometric identifier? The hypothesis is that the body and its mouvments can modulate a signal in a specific way and it can contribute to creating an individual signature. For instance, it could be used to secure transfers like payments. Three main components have been studied. The first one is a bibliographic analysis. In studying what already exists in diffrent fields, the idea here is to create a prototype that can measure the signals modified by the human body. This prototype is the key to success, because all the results depend on the quality of that receiver. The next component is to study the received signal measured by the prototype we created during the approach phase of the hand toward the emitter. IntraBody Communication is seen as a behavioural biometrics in this part. The signature is based on the hand motion. The last part is more about the physiological properties of the human body. Is it possible to find specific characteristics, in the signal measured by the prototpye, in order to identify or authenticate someone? The human body is studied as a static system and we attempt to characterize it with some classical methods
Tallet, Annabelle. "Dire sans la voix : sémiologie des usages corporels et modes d’expression alternatifs dans les mouvements musicaux émergents". Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H022.
Texto completoIn the late seventies, the musical movements Hip Hop and Techno emerged as vehicles for artistic and cultural innovations. The musical characteristics of these movements have often been studied by researchers, neglecting a central element of the system of communication carried out by these movements: the body. The body takes front stage: transmitter and receiver, the body is mobilized as a strong cultural marker in Hip Hop and Techno movements, being a sign of identity and distinction. This over-investment of the body in both movements manifests itself in diametrically opposed techniques and practices in each of the cultural groups. This research thus seeks to focus on danced and not danced somatic practices, by questioning their implementation in the "driving cultures". This analysis of the raw corporeal material leads to anthropologic questioning, revealing logic isotopes underlying the somatic non-isomorphic practices. This investment of the body is linked to the questions of identity,and is in line with the dynamics of contestation of traditional social forms and models. Drawing upon interdisciplinary theories, the analysis of kinesic forms and their organization is conceptualized from a semiotic perspective. This work analyzes the corporeal practices as a language, the body being considered as a semiotic dimension of culture
Welniarz, Quentin. "Les fondements neurophysiologiques de la latéralisation motrice : le paradigme des mouvements en miroir". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066235/document.
Texto completoMirror movements are involuntary symmetrical movements of one side of the body that mirror voluntary movements of the other side. Congenital mirror movements (CMM) is a rare genetic disorder transmitted in autosomal dominant manner, in which mirror movements are the only clinical abnormality. Two structures are involved in the physiopathology of CMM: the corpus callosum (CC) and the corticospinal tract (CST). The two main culprit genes identified so far are DCC and RAD51. While the role of DCC in commissural axons guidance during development is well known, RAD51 is involved in DNA repair, and its link with CMM was totally unexpected. In mice, we investigated the role of RAD51 and DCC in the development of the CC and CST, as well as the role of these two structures in motor lateralization. We showed that DCC controls CST midline crossing in an indirect manner. Our work clarified the role of RAD51 in neocortex development, but how RAD51 influences motor system development remains unknown. We compared a group of CMM patients with healthy volunteers to investigate the lateralization of cortical activity during movement preparation. We showed that activation of motor/premotor areas and interhemispheric interactions during movement preparation differed between the CMM patients and healthy volunteers. Transient inhibition of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the healthy volunteers resulted in abnormal interhemispheric interactions during movement preparation, reminiscent of the situation observed in the patients. These results suggest the SMA is involved in lateralized movements preparation, potentially by modulating interhemispheric interactions via the CC
Veloso, Roman Karen. "Esthétique et théâtralité du corps disparu : Chili, 1973-1989, 2011-2013". Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080052/document.
Texto completoAmongst the consequences of Augusto Pinochet's military dictatorship of Chilefrom 1973-1989 was the policy of abduction of activists from the Popular Unitycoalition created by Allende and other opponents of the dictatorship. At presentapproximately 1,200 are counted as disappeared. However this figure is inexact; it isdifficult to count the disappeared because, unlike death, the missing may stillreappear.The history of the Popular Unity coalition and the Pinochet dictatorship arerelatively well considered as a result of various historical and sociological studiesdevoted to the subjects. However, little deliberation has been given to the human andaesthetic issues regarding the disappeared in the community: What does it mean todisappear? What is the human condition of the disappeared? How is the absence ofthe disappeared perceived by their families and society? What are the social andaesthetic implications of their physical absence? How is the physical absence of thedisappeared depicted by social expressions and on the stage?This thesis will answer such questions by exploring the aesthetic experience ofdisappearance, the use of scrub strategies, and the production of "distractions". Insummary, it will examine the mechanisms of disappearance, and revel how themissing body is a possible foundation of artistic expression.To this end, analysis of theatrical potential will focus on two different historicalhappenings. First, the public demonstrations of the families of the disappeared,notably impelled by the Association of Families of Disappeared Detainees (AFDD)between 1973 and 1989. Secondly, the student protests held between 2011 and 2013,demanding the cessation of dictatorial principles still in force, and claiming the rightto free post-secondary education. The relationship between these two periods (1973-1989 and 2011-2013) fuels the ability of the physical absence of the disappeared tore-appear on the public stage
Calixte, Claude. "Critique de l'interprétation transcendantale de l'ego cartésien : Husserl, sa postérité et le sujet cartésien". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1060.
Texto completoThis thesis discusses the transcendental interpretation of the cartesian discovery of the ego. It discusses the accusation following which Descartes was in error about his own discovery. We will defend the conformity between cartesian philosophy and a conncrete subjectivity. This means a subjectivity that upholds what Husserl eliminates, namely the sensitive dimension and the worldliness of the subject. So we go both against Husserl’s reduction to an empirically neutral subject and against the idea that the meaning of being explicates itself by the movement of life. This discussion does not limit itself to Husserl : it extends to a large part of the phenomenological tradition. After having studied the neo-kantian framework which organizes the husserlian reception of Descartes and after having shown the compatibility of the kantian and the cartesian subject, we take up anew the texts of Descartes. We aim to show the problematic character of the transcendental subject by showing the constituive and specific « bodyness » of the cartesian subjectivity. The question then is : how does this thesis separate itself out of the posthusserlian movement, which opposing a subjectivity devoid of world, also defends the « bodyness » of the subject whilst at the same time accusing Descartes of separating subjectivity and life ? Our inquiry shows that quite to the contrary, cartesian subjectivity excludes neither movement nor life, but that the living or bodily movement is not its definitional criteria and that the cartesian « bodyness » in question posseses its own specificty
Michon, Caroline. "Faire corps des affrontements : le Mouvement Indien des Femmes dans la ville de New Delhi, un réseau militant polymorphe". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0160.
Texto completoThis political anthropology study of the Indian Women's Movement in New Delhi explores the tangible realities of the NGO phenomenon and the resistance against it. Based on participating observations and interviews with its activists, I propose to analyze the structure of the MIFD and update the collective representations that give it the status of a social and political community. Starting from the concept of "balanced antagonism", I develop a critical reading of the political dissensions that drive it. The latter seem to be a significant source of identity plurality while emphasizing the maintenance of the political character of the Movement. By mobilizing the concept of gender globalization and the subordinate (??subaltern??) approach, this thesis demonstrates that the MIFD is a community where social relationships are replayed and challenged in the light of equality paradigms. In this militant network of women, the unique problems of India are mixed with international and transnational injunctions. Together, they form a space where women's causes are a source of conflict, domination and contestation by subordinate women, who are often deprived of their right to speak and represent. The MIFD is thus in the grip of a double phenomenon, between social and structural homogenization and an attempt to include women's plural identities. In this perspective, my thesis contributes to the development of knowledge on mobilizations by southern women and on gender in urban political anthropology
Harvey, Nicolas. "Le Monde diplomatique : un concept éditorial hybride au confluent du journalisme, de l'université et du militantisme". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G045.
Texto completoLe Monde diplomatique has the distinctive feature to welcome editors and contributors originating from different professional worlds. This hybridization could have been one of the reasons the paper has known success which has resulted in an important sales growth. The paper was able to create an original product where many levels meet: social investigations, scientific popularization, political criticism, artistic expression and calls for mobilization. If the monthly press has knows such success, it is also due to the fact that it was able to develop a crenel left vacant by the rest of the French press. It was then in a position of monopoly in the intellectual press “market” of radical left-wing with (relatively) large distributions. The importation of professional standards however, might have lead to conflicting situations. The implication of Le Monde diplomatique with the ATTAC Association has probably been the major professional conflict, which has sometimes superimposed to political conflicts and conflicts between persons. This is the reason we have focused on those “plural actors”, that is agents who could work in different fields. These agents will sometimes have to integrate contradictory professional standards leading to inevitable concessions. At the confluence of journalism, from university and from activism, Le Monde diplomatique has also tried to consolidate its autonomy to Le Monde, to its most committed readers to free enterprise economy where inevitably he has to make compromises
Bardet, Marie Douailler Stéphane González Horacio. "Philosophie des corps en mouvement". Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2009. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/BardetThese.pdf.
Texto completoCelli, Martin. "Sur les mouvements homographiques de N corps associés à des masses de signe quelquonque, le cas particulier où la somme des masses est nulle, et une application à la recherche de chorégraphies perverses". Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011790.
Texto completoCelli, Martin. "Sur les mouvements homographiques de N corps associés à des masses de signe quelconque, le cas particulier où la somme des masses est nulle, et une application à la recherche de chorégraphies perverses". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011790.
Texto completoOn s'intéresse au cas où la somme des masses est nulle. Le centre d'inertie devient alors un vecteur, invariant par translation. Ceci rend les équations de Newton "plus intégrables". Ainsi, sous une hypothèse sur les vitesses initiales, le problème colinéaire des trois corps devient intégrable. Cette propriété permet de calculer les configurations centrales (configurations qui engendrent un effondrement homothétique sur un centre) pour des masses x, -x, y, -y.
On applique une propriété des équilibres absolus à somme des masses nulle au problème des chorégraphies. Une chorégraphie est une solution dans laquelle les corps se suivent sur la même courbe avec des intervalles de temps égaux. On montre que, pour le potentiel logarithmique, les masses d'une chorégraphie sont nécessairement égales.
KALLAS-CHEMALY, NOEL. "Contribution a l'electrodynamique des corps en mouvement". Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066607.
Texto completoHerrera-Aguilar, Ignacio. "Commande des bras manipulateurs et retour visuel pour des applications à la robotique de service". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/94/.
Texto completoIn the context of service robotic, robots have to interact with environment and human. Human presence create a particular context where security and comfort take precedent over system dynamic. As environment is not fixed in this context, the use of exteroceptive sensors is necessary. A first subject developed in the report is the trajectory planning for which we propose to limit velocity, acceleration and jerk. Trajectories are then defined as a sequence of cubic, seven in most to go from a initial position to any final position. The method is extended to space and to the tracking of trajectory defined by points. The rotations are represented by quaternions. We then propose a visual servoing scheme based on the tracking of planned soft movements. Using an extended Kalman filter to estimate the target position permit a self calibration of the system. Simulations and experimentations with the Jido robot permit to validate this approach. The trajectory planner is used daily on Jido for the european Cogniron project
Pinto, de Olivera Mauricio Pietrocola. "Élie Mascart et l'optique des corps en mouvement". Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070039.
Texto completoE. Mascart realized a group of experiences between 1869 and 1873 to study the influence of bodys mouvement on light propagation. He began his research with a group of theoretical and experimental results that existed in his time. His experiments show a number of misunderstandings of the conception of his contemporary scientists and he furnished a very precisely amount of experimental observations. With his conclusions mascart affirmed the impossibility, in the precision of his time, to get effects of body's absolute movement on light phenomenba, and he extends the principle of relative movement from mechanics to optics
Daquin, Jérôme. "Essais sur le mouvement des corps artificiels résonants". Observatoire de Paris, 2015. https://hal.science/tel-02095299.
Texto completoThe problems of space debris, uncontrolled remnants and hazards linked to space activities, and their eventual proliferation according to the KESSLER syndrome, has stimulated the astrodynamics community in recent years to understand their long- term motions, well beyond that in classical satellite mission analysis. These studies, certainly made possible by the increasing sophistication of computers and also by the maturity of the theories adapted to their need, have found their necessity in the undeniable realization of the important role played by resonances and chaos in astrodynamics. In light of these notions, our results are intended to describe the long-term and chaotic dynamics of the medium-Earth region, where the dominant disturbances are related to geopotential and external third-body effects (the Moon and the Sun) of gravitational origin. Particular applications to the GNSS satellite constellations are presented
TARDIEU-MARS, CHRISTINE. "Mise au point d'une nouvelle methode informatisee d'analyse tridimensionnellede la marche bipede pour l'etude des deplacements des centres de gravite du corps : application a l'homme et aux primates non humains". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077263.
Texto completoSellami-Vinas, Anne-Marie. "L'écriture du corps en scène : une poïétique du mouvement". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010586.
Texto completo-The writing of the body on stage is defined as the at by which the dancer or the actor makes shapes, states or characters visible thanks to his movement. - The thesis consists of four parts - The first one etudies the relevance of the notion of writing applied to the work of the body on stage. It considers the different senses of the word writing which is distinguished from the word reading. -Writing is above all the act of tracing. In accordance with the poietic approach which focuse on the dynamic mechanisms of the creation and studies the connection between artist and the materiel, this study ponders over the authors of the writing of the body and over the nature of the materials they use: body, gesture or movement. - The second part is devoted to the study of the movement, resting on the systems of notations and on the research of five great theoricians: Feuillet, Engel, Delsarte, Dalcroze et Laban ; it analyzesthe different definitions given to the theatrical act from the 170 to the 200 century. This study gives prominence to the existence of a science of movement with its object, its methods and its applications. -The third part describes - from data taken up previously - the different constituent elements of the movement and their expressive intrinsic qualities. It shows how the material movement freed from mimetism, becomes involved in abstract art. - the fourth part deals with the influence exerted by the definition of the movement over the status of the body on stage and describes its main periods from 1700 to 1960. - The conclusion of this research is dual and focuses on the writing of the body as an art and as a science : the writing of the body is an art which conditions the practice of all the other theatrical arts or dynamic arts. It is to the writing of the movement what literature is to the writing of words ; similarly, it is a scene of culture and knowledge which calls for being studied
Sellami-Viñas, Anne-Marie. "L'écriture du corps en scène : une poïétique du mouvement /". Lille : ANRT, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39233338t.
Texto completoLober, Ryan. "Task compatibility and feasibility maximization for whole-body control". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066597/document.
Texto completoProducing useful behaviors on complex robots, such as humanoids, is a challenging undertaking. Model-based whole-body control alleviates some of this difficulty by allowing complex whole-body motions to be broken up into multiple atomic tasks, which are performed simultaneously on the robot. However, modeling errors and assumptions, made during task planning, often result in infeasible and/or incompatible task combinations when executed on the robot. Consequently, there is no guarantee that the prescribed tasks will be accomplished, resulting in unpredictable, and most likely, unsafe whole-body motions. The objective of this work is to better understand what makes tasks infeasible or incompatible, and develop automatic methods of improving on these two issues so that the overall whole-body motions may be accomplished as planned. We start by building a concrete analytical formalism of what it means for tasks to be feasible with the control constraints and compatible with one another. Using the model-based feasibility and compatibility metrics, we demonstrate how the tasks can be optimized using non-linear model predictive control, while also detailing the shortcomings of this model-based approach. In order to overcome these weaknesses, an optimization loop is designed, which automatically improves task feasibility and compatibility using model-free policy search in conjunction with model-based whole-body control. Through a series of simulated and real-world experiments, we demonstrate that by simply optimizing the tasks to improve both feasibility and compatibility, complex and useful whole-body motions can be realized
Lejeune, Françoise. "Corps à corps oeuvre-public : esthésie des dispositifs artistiques interactifs et somagraphiques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0214/document.
Texto completoThis research questions Alva Noë's publication on 2001, Experience and experiment in art, about what he called "experiential art". My research issue deals with the enactive behavior (Francisco Varela, 1988) of the viewer in an interactive and spatialized artistic device. It is first of all a question of the aesthesia of this type of work which means immediate seizure of the work, as premotor, sensorimotor and emotional reception, that is to say a not intellectualized one. Interactive art can't be reduced to an art of calculation, it's also an interactive art that sets the living at the centre of the artistic device. Francisco Varela's research is used here to analyse the perceptive modifications and associations in the piece of art. The interactive art's spreading in space specifically allows to gather several visitors in the installation and to multiply the possibilities of interaction and interference between them. So it seems to us that space-spread interactive art particularity is on the one hand to propose sensitive exercises during the interfacing with the device, and on the other hand to bring the interactor to experience them in the presence of other people. Simondon's psychological and social theory is also used in a scientific context that isn't his: art theory and more precisely interactive art. So we have tried to gather the enaction theory and Simondon's transidividual theory to explain space-spread interactive art aesthesia. To answer my questions, I developed the concept of "somagraphy" which indicates experiential installations writing their presence on the visitors' body. Somagraphy relies on three theoretical sources, the sense of movement (Alain Berthoz, 1997), Richard Shusterman's soma-aesthetic (2007) and the theory of enaction of Francisco Varela. The body of the viewer is then problematized, that is to say, this body is not given but submitted to automatic procedures that somagraphy wants to break. The hypothesis of this research was that the aesthesia's analysis of interactive spatial art must include emotional processes as well as the learning phase of the technical device. My results have highlighted in particular the importance of the context of the visit as well as the age factor. But they also show that there is transindividuation of aesthesis. During these observations I had to consider the mediation's issue which was not present upstream of the research, it inspired the third part of the thesis. Creative mediations try to reach different audiences and enhance their critical approach of art
Lejeune, Françoise. "Corps à corps oeuvre-public : esthésie des dispositifs artistiques interactifs et somagraphiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/DDOC_T_2013_0214_LEJEUNE.pdf.
Texto completoThis research questions Alva Noë's publication on 2001, Experience and experiment in art, about what he called "experiential art". My research issue deals with the enactive behavior (Francisco Varela, 1988) of the viewer in an interactive and spatialized artistic device. It is first of all a question of the aesthesia of this type of work which means immediate seizure of the work, as premotor, sensorimotor and emotional reception, that is to say a not intellectualized one. Interactive art can't be reduced to an art of calculation, it's also an interactive art that sets the living at the centre of the artistic device. Francisco Varela's research is used here to analyse the perceptive modifications and associations in the piece of art. The interactive art's spreading in space specifically allows to gather several visitors in the installation and to multiply the possibilities of interaction and interference between them. So it seems to us that space-spread interactive art particularity is on the one hand to propose sensitive exercises during the interfacing with the device, and on the other hand to bring the interactor to experience them in the presence of other people. Simondon's psychological and social theory is also used in a scientific context that isn't his: art theory and more precisely interactive art. So we have tried to gather the enaction theory and Simondon's transidividual theory to explain space-spread interactive art aesthesia. To answer my questions, I developed the concept of "somagraphy" which indicates experiential installations writing their presence on the visitors' body. Somagraphy relies on three theoretical sources, the sense of movement (Alain Berthoz, 1997), Richard Shusterman's soma-aesthetic (2007) and the theory of enaction of Francisco Varela. The body of the viewer is then problematized, that is to say, this body is not given but submitted to automatic procedures that somagraphy wants to break. The hypothesis of this research was that the aesthesia's analysis of interactive spatial art must include emotional processes as well as the learning phase of the technical device. My results have highlighted in particular the importance of the context of the visit as well as the age factor. But they also show that there is transindividuation of aesthesis. During these observations I had to consider the mediation's issue which was not present upstream of the research, it inspired the third part of the thesis. Creative mediations try to reach different audiences and enhance their critical approach of art
Voisin, Bruno. "Rayonnement des ondes internes de gravite. Application aux corps en mouvement". Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066382.
Texto completoKermadi, Imane. "Rôle du striatum dans l'organisation spatio-temporelle du mouvement volontaire : étude électrophysiologique chez le primate". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T075.
Texto completoBardini, Caroline y Cristina Sabena. "Se donner à coeur (corps) joie aux mathématiques". Acfas-Sudbury, 2006. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/75.
Texto completoSuarez, Liliana. "Le corps en mouvement : son rôle comme support du sentiment de soi". Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100028.
Texto completoThe individual evolution is foreseen as a process of signs production having his body as pivot. The sign is a continuity from gesture to word. The "moving body" has various meanings in the building of the psychic apparatus and the "configuration" that it becomes can be considered as support of self-feeling. This "configuration" permits the delimitation of the individual and what is no longer himself. This is possible due to displacements in the space giving basis, in the reality, to the separation. The "moving body" is the model of semiotic action having its origin in the individual, and its "configuration" becomes a "mechanism of disengagement" of the ego. The analysis of the "bobbin playing" was used to demonstrate that the mouvement is the guarantee and the basis of semiotic functions. The own body of an individual is at the origin of his codification capacity. In order to prevent the repetition of remembrances of objects linked to ego states and altered by them, there must be an attitude of consciousness, of real experience, giving the possibility to reach the psycho corporal unity. The way to succeed is the attention drawn to the present situation. This attitude applied to the perception within a controlled setting is the objective of corporal approaches of F. Aberastury, G. Alexander, L. Ehrenfried and M. Feldenkrais. It means a way of doing experiences in an intermediate area. The elaboration of real experience is developed by taking consciousness. This constitutes a "corporal work" which is under manifest activity. The "corporal work" starts a reorganization of the self-aspects and a disengagement of integration and elaboration ways
Suarez, Liliana. "Le Corps en mouvement son rôle comme support du sentiment de soi /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610111h.
Texto completoDeramaix, Emmanuelle. "Á corps perdu : sculpter la vie". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010657.
Texto completoBreton, Myrtille. "Le corps opérateur". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37822.
Texto completoDieuzayde, Louis. "Le corps du comédien : ses traitements et ses fonctions dans l'expérience théâtrale /". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Les presses universitaires du septentrion, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37712584g.
Texto completoGiannouri, Evgenia. "Marches des corps, [dé]marches des images. Image et mouvement a l'aune du regard contemplatif et du corps en acte". Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030160.
Texto completoBoth art history and cinema aesthetics lie at the foundations of this study. Our starting point is a perplexing difficulty [an aporia]: “What is an image motion when we think about movement beyond its representations and the techniques that accompany them?”. In this dissertation, we examine the mobile substance of images from within the standpoint itself and what resembles to an internal cleavage. We argue that a particular kind of viewpoint can emerge at the crossroads of two different understandings [mathesis]: on the one hand, the contemplation of the world from a single or interchangeable fixed point; on the other hand, the corporeal mobility inherent to every aspect of life. Within this context, image motion is more than just the consequence of a major change in our “ways of looking”, or the outcome of a technical adventure. We argue that image motion is equally the result of a conflict between two different configurations of knowledge - seeing. The images attest to a way of thinking and unthinking motion, illustrated by a disruption in “the walk of the images” which takes place both in the film’s narrative and in the film’s structure revealing something like a trouble, or a dissent. Each section in this work constitutes an autonomous case study. Each case relates to a particular bifurcation of the standpoint: picturesque; elliptical; theoretical. The films in question, very different from one another, stem from cinema and its expanded practices. These three sections are also articulated around three “metteurs-en-scène”: Robert Smithson, Gus Van Sant, Victor Burgin. Belonging to the larger family of artists [and not only to that of confirmed filmmakers], they guide us through the unfolding of a narrative, whose roots are to be found as much in the history of the arts [painting, sculpture, architecture], as in the vicissitudes of contemporary cinema
Appell, Paul. "Sur les propriétés des cubiques gauches et le mouvement hélicoïdal d'un corps solide". Paris : Bibliothèque universitaire Pierre et Marie Curie (BUPMC), 2009. http://jubil.upmc.fr/sdx/pl/toc.xsp?id=TH_000287_001&fmt=upmc&idtoc=TH_000287_001-pleadetoc&base=fa.
Texto completoJimenez, Guizar Arturo Mauricio. "Communications coopératives dans les réseaux autour du corps humain pour la capture du mouvement". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI091/document.
Texto completoWireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) refers to the family of “wearable” wireless sensor networks (WSN) used to collect personal data, such as human activity, heart rate, sleep sequences or geographical position. This thesis aims at proposing cooperative algorithms and cross-layer mechanisms with WBAN to perform large-scale individual motion capture and coordinated group navigation applications. For this purpose, we exploit the advantages of jointly cooperative and heterogeneous WBAN under full/half-mesh topologies for localization purposes, from on-body links at the body scale, body-to-body links between mobile users of a group and off-body links with respect to the environment and the infrastructure. The wireless transmission relies on an impulse radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) radio (based on the IEEE 802.15.6 standard), in order to obtain accurate peer-to-peer ranging measurements based on Time of Arrival (ToA) estimates. Thus, we address the problem of positioning and ranging estimation through the design of cross-layer strategies by considering realistic body mobility and channel variations. Our first contribution consists in the creation of an unprecedented WBAN measurement database obtained with real experimental scenarios for mobility and channel modelling. Then, we introduce a discrete-event (WSNet) and deterministic (PyLayers) co-simulator tool able to exploit our measurement database to help us on the design and validation of cooperative algorithms. Using these tools, we investigate the impact of nodes mobility and channel variations on the ranging estimation. In particular, we study the “three-way ranging” (3-WR) protocol and we observed that the delays of 3-WR packets have an impact on the distances estimated in function of the speed of nodes. Then, we quantify and compare the error with statistical models and we show that the error generated by the channel is bigger than the mobility error. In a second time, we extend our study for the position estimation. Thus, we analyze different strategies at MAC layer through scheduling and slot allocation algorithms to reduce the impact of mobility. Then, we propose to optimize our positioning algorithm with an extended Kalman filter (EKF), by using our scheduling strategies and the statistical models of mobility and channel errors. Finally, we propose a distributed-cooperative algorithm based on the analysis of long-term and short-term link quality estimators (LQEs) to improve the reliability of positioning. To do so, we evaluate the positioning success rate under three different channel models (empirical, simulated and experimental) along with a conditional algorithm (based on game theory) for virtual anchor choice. We show that our algorithm improve the number of positions estimated for the nodes with the worst localization performance
Mouton, Martine. "Les écritures du mouvement : sémiologie de la représentation écrite du mouvement du corps humain en Occident à travers ses systèmes d'écriture : problématique de la transcription du mouvement corporel du XVIème au XXème siècles : application théorique et pratique d'une écriture contemporaine". Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H031.
Texto completoWe have so often heard that movement is condemned to the fleeting that we have come to believe it. Movement, it means all human physical action leaves its traces in space and time. Dance, sport or daily gestures of the human being crossed with fragility the centuries. The verb, the drawing, the photography and now the audio-visual technics described, reproduced and recorded physical action without representing it totally. However, in the western world, since the middle age, appeared the desire to represent by writing the human body movements, and create a writing for the movement, as it exist for the music the sound. After several attempts which have had more or less importance in dance and gesture history, the xxth century is a witness of the coming of four movement notations : laban, conte, benesh and eskhol. The writing of movement is a mean for transcribing and analyzing movement. "ecriture conte" for example, is a writing system using signs, most of which are borrowed from musical writing. Besides, writing brings to movement a new status: it gives to movement the memory it has never had. Movement, then, is no longer condemned to the fleeting but to interpretation, a tem which seems to become less clear as one tries to comprehend it. But is it not here the becoming of each writing ?
Pronost, Nicolas Arnaldi Bruno. "Définition et réalisation d'outils de modélisation et de calcul de mouvement pour des humanoïdes virtuels". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2006/pronost.pdf.
Texto completoKanelli, Katerina Doumet Christian. "L'effet Beckett pour une nouvelle image du corps /". Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/consult.php?url_these=theses/KanelliThese.pdf.
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