Tesis sobre el tema "Morang District"

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, 2012.
Submitted by Alaíde Gonçalves dos Santos (alaide@unb.br) on 2012-06-05T15:16:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_JalesVianaFalcão.pdf: 9421595 bytes, checksum: 9356d937059acfc8700d90a942a9d989 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza(jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2012-06-13T13:16:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_JalesVianaFalcão.pdf: 9421595 bytes, checksum: 9356d937059acfc8700d90a942a9d989 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-13T13:16:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_JalesVianaFalcão.pdf: 9421595 bytes, checksum: 9356d937059acfc8700d90a942a9d989 (MD5)
O manejo inadequado do solo concorre para a sua degradação, bem como para a redução da viabilidade econômica do processo de produção agrícola. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do solo e o desempenho econômico da cultura do morango na Região Administrativa de Brazlândia, Distrito Federal (DF), em sistemas de produção orgânico e convencional. Entre as olerícolas cultivadas no DF, o morango é uma das mais importantes no contexto socioeconômico, por ter um alto valor agregado e empregar muita mão-de-obra. Essa cultura é caracterizada por ser cultivada em canteiros cobertos com filme de polietileno e que são preparados mediante revolvimento intensivo do solo. Em função da exigência da cultura, há uma elevada entrada de nutrientes via fertilizantes sintéticos, estercos e compostos orgânicos. O estudo foi conduzido em três unidades de produção comercial de morango, localizadas em Brazlândia, e representativas dos sistemas de produção orgânico e convencionais adotados na região. Para avaliar a qualidade do solo foram selecionados indicadores de físicos (densidade do solo e estabilidade de agregados), químicos (matéria orgânica, CTC e condutividade elétrica) e biológicos (b-glicosidase e fosfatase-ácida), enquanto o desempenho econômico foi avaliado por meio de dados de custos de produção e de preços recebidos pelos produtores. Os valores observados para os indicadores físicos são, de maneira geral, considerados sustentáveis para Latossolos do Cerrado. Os teores de MO foram similares em todos os sistemas e a CTC foi superior ou ficou próxima ao limite crítico considerado sustentável. Em função da elevada aplicação de fertilizantes, a maior CE foi registrada para o sistema Conv2, mas não houve efeito deletério sobre a produtividade. A atividade das enzimas BG e FA, indica boa qualidade biológica do solo em todos os sistemas produtivos de morango. Em termos econômicos, o sistema orgânico de morango apresentou menor RB, mas foi 9,43% mais rentável do que o sistema convencional. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The inappropriate soil management contributes to its degradation, as well as to reduce the economic viability of the crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil quality and economic performance of strawberry crop in Brazlândia, Distrito Federal (DF). Among the vegetable crops grown in the DF, strawberry is one of the most important at socio-economic context, by the high added value and labor. This crop is characterized by being cultivated in raised beds covered with polyethylene film and that are prepared by intensive soil tilling. According to requirement of the strawberry, there is a high input of fertilizer, manure and compost. The study was conducted in three commercial farms of strawberry, located in Brazlândia and representative of organic and conventional systems. In order to evaluate the soil quality were selected physical, chemical and biological indicators, while economic performance was evaluated using data of production costs and prices received by farmers. The values of physical indicators are generally considered sustainable for Cerrado Oxisols. The MO was similar in all systems and the CTC was higher or close to the critical limit considered sustainable. Due to the higher fertilizer input, the highest CE was found at the Conv2 system, but there was no negative impact in productivity. The activity of the BG and FA enzymes indicated good soil biological quality in all strawberry production systems evaluated. Regarding economical performance, the organic system had a lower RB, but was 9.43% more profitable than the conventional systems.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, 2018.
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).
O gênero Colletotrichum reúne vários dos principais patógenos do morangueiro. Devido à sua agressividade elevada e a capacidade de infectar vários tecidos da planta, ocasionando antracnose, podridão da coroa e flor preta, o gênero é responsável por prejuízos econômicos constantes nas regiões produtoras. Várias espécies de Colletotrichum são associadas às doenças em diferentes partes da planta e sua identificação precisa é fundamental para a recomendação de estratégias de controle eficientes. No Brasil, apenas a espécie C. siamense já foi identificada utilizando uma abordagem molecular, não havendo informação sobre as espécies que ocorrem nas demais regiões produtoras, incluindo o Distrito Federal, onde o cultivo do morangueiro é uma atividade agrícola de considerável importância econômica. Assim, os objetivos desse trabalho foram: (i) determinar espécies de Colletotrichum que ocorrem no morangueiro com ênfase no Distrito Federal, Brasil; (ii) estabelecer as relações filogenéticas entre as espécies de Colletotrichum associadas aos diferentes tecidos da planta. Foram realizadas coletas de frutos, flores e coroas de morangueiro apresentando sintomas típicos da infecção por Colletotrichum em propriedades de Brazlândia e Recanto das Emas no Distrito Federal; Atibaia em São Paulo; São Francisco de Paula no Rio Grande do Sul; Castelo e Domingos Martins, no Espírito Santo; Goianápolis e Padre Bernardo, no Goiás. Foram obtidos 52 isolados de Colletotrichum spp. dos quais o DNA total foi extraído. A amplificação e sequenciamento da região gênica GAPDH foi realizado para todos isolados para identificação prévia. As regiões gênicas ITS e β-tubulina de nove isolados representativos foram amplificadas e sequenciadas para identificação e análise filogenética. Foram identificadas as espécies C. nymphaeae e C. tamarilloi, sendo este o primeiro relato de C. nymphaeae causando antracnose e flor preta em morangueiro no Brasil e o primeiro relato de C. tamarilloi associado ao morangueiro no mundo. Quatro isolados pertencentes ao complexo C. acutatum não puderam ser inequivocamente identificados ao nível de espécie.
The genus Colletotrichum gathers several of the main strawberry pathogens due to the genus high aggressiveness and the ability to infect several plant tissues, causing anthracnose, crown rot and flower blight, and is responsible for constant economic losses in the growing regions worldwide. Several species of Colletotrichum are associated with strawberry diseases in different parts of the plant, and thus, the precise identification of Colletotrichum is essential for the recommendation of efficient control strategies and reduction of residues of agrochemicals in the commercialized fruits. Therefore, the objectives of this project are (i) to determine the species of Colletotrichum occurring in the strawberry plants in Brazil, with emphasis in the Distrito Federal; (ii) to establish the phylogenetic and pathogenicity relationships among Colletotrichum genotypes associated with different plant tissues. Fruit, flowers and strawberry crowns showing typical symptoms of Colletotrichum infection were collected in growing properties in the administrative regions Brazlândia and Recanto das Emas in Distrito Federal; in the municipalities of Atibaia in São Paulo; São Franciso de Paula in Rio Grande do Sul; Castelo and Domingos Martins, in Espírito Santo; and Goianápolis and Padre Bernardo, in Goiás. In total, 50 isolates were obtained and had genomic DNA extracted. The amplification and sequencing of the GAPDH gene region of all the isolates was performed in order to carry out the preliminar identification. The ITS and β-tubulin gene regions of nine representative isolates were amplified and sequenced for more detailed identification and phylogenetic analysis. The species C. nymphaeae and C. tamarilloi were identified and associated with strawberry symptoms in the evaluated regions, representing the first report of C. nymphaeae causing anthracnose and flower blight in strawberry in Brazil and the first worldwide report of C. tamarilloi associated with strawberry to science. It was not possible to accurately identify four isolates of C. acutatum complex, which may belong to the species C. paranaense, C. costaricense or C. limetticola.

This descriptive research study was conducted to determine the state of perceived teacher morale and student academic performance as measured by fourth-grade reading and math scores among four elementary schools defined by the servant leadership score of each principal in this Florida elementary school district. While related research from other geographical areas was identified and published, the aim of this study was to describe the current state of these variables in the southeastern United States. Four elementary principals and 153 elementary teachers participated in this study. The Revised Servant Leadership Profile 360 survey (RSLP 360) was used to obtain the principals' perceptions of servant leadership based on the criteria from the survey to categorize the four schools as servant or non-servant leadership-led schools, and the Purdue Teacher Opinionaire survey (PTO) was used to collect the teachers' perceptions of morale. Fourth-grade Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) scores in mathematics and reading were retrieved from the Florida Department of Education database and used as the third variable in this study. The intent of this research was not to define relationships between servant leadership, teacher morale, and student test scores, but to describe the extent to which these variables existed based on the perceptions of the survey participants and state test scores for this school district in Florida. The results from this study may be used for future research and practices to further examine the active and potential status of servant leadership, teacher morale, and student academic performance outcomes in PreK-12 education.

Keywords: servant leadership, teacher morale, student performance outcomes, public education

Thesis (M. Tech. (Public Management)) -- Central University of Technology, free State, [2014]
The primary aim of the proposed study is to investigate the technical problems affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of District Hospitals in the Free State Province. The proposed research therefore stands to contribute to the existing body of evidence on the efficiency and effectiveness of health care services, with regard to the existing problems in the health sector such as high staff turnover, facilities with lack of appropriate equipment, unmanageable workload, lack of appropriate infrastructure, a high absenteeism rate and low morale of the employees in the public health institutions. Therefore the study will identify potential shortcomings that are compromising the efficiency and effectiveness of the district hospitals. The findings of the study will be used to address some of the identified problems and also to describe how progress can be measured. The outcomes of this study are intended to raise important issues and to assist management of the Free State Department of Health to address the challenges that are affecting the functioning of the district hospitals. The findings will also assist the relevant managers in planning and implementation of policies that will address inequalities and problems as highlighted in the study. It will also create opportunities for shared responsibilities that management and the staff need to resolve jointly.

This thesis contributes to anthropological debates about tourism, transformation, and morality. It proposes the concept of tourismship to rethink identity in tourism and introduces the idea of moral work to understand people's repositioning in Poland and Germany, twenty-five years after the breakdown of socialism. A question that so far has been marginal in the academic discussion of post-socialist moralities concerns the relationship between being a moral person and living well. This research is situated in a popular tourism destination in the Northeast of Poland, where increasing inequality and social injustice are part of people's everyday experience. It is in tourism that people are confronted with the tensions between living well and being a moral person at the same time. In this thesis I argue that in tourism people find a space to address these tensions. The notion of moral work illuminates the diverse ways in which they engage with the tensions that ultimately concern the good life. Based on 13 months of participant observation and interviews in the Masurian Lake District, the moral debates of four ethnographic settings are explored: How to be a good host in rural Masuria? How to be a good sailing tourist in the "New Poland"? How to be a good German in Germany's former East? How to correctly engage with the materiality of a ruptured past? To understand the nature of these debates the concept of tourismship is introduced: tourismship transcends the host-guest binary and draws attention to the complex identity work done in tourism. It accommodates the multiple identities that are at stake in these touristic debates. This thesis provides extensive ethnographic insights into the reordering of post-socialist (tourism) societies in Masuria. It offers a fresh look at tourism in Europe as a changing set of cultural and social practises, the historical legacies of which extend into the present. Tourism as a setting for moral work makes us think about the ways in which people make sense of tourism experiences, and how they integrate those experiences into their social and cultural identities. Ideas of the good life, good tourism, and being moral person are shown to diverge, even in the very communities in which they are debated. Tourism in Masuria provides new insights into a broader social process of moral diversification and pluralisation across post-Cold War societies, showing that moral dilemmas run across society and do not only affect post-socialist but also former "Western" societies. Finally, this thesis shows that debates about morality and the good life in tourism must be seen in the context of emerging power relations and inequalities in these societies.

Comparative analyses of district-run public schools and charter schools are limited to performance outcomes. There is a dearth of research on how the school-types vary on factors consequential to performance such as school climate. Public-private distinctions, such as in organizational autonomy, value orientations, funding structures, and management practices, could result in school climate dissimilarities between district-run public schools and charter schools. The aim of this dissertation is to assess the influence organizational factors have on school climate and determine if school-type affects school climate. Student and staff school climate survey data from the Miami-Dade school district were utilized for this dissertation. Structural equation modeling was employed to test theoretical models of students’ and staffs’ perceptions of school climate using data from 2001-2002 through 2015-2016 academic years. Within-between effects panel regression was utilized to test the effect of school-type on school climate constructs over time using data from 2005-2006 through 2015-2016 academic years. The structural equation results demonstrate that milieu, ecology, culture, and organizational structure influence students’ and staffs’ perceptions of their schools’ climates. Ecology has the strongest association with students’ perceptions of school climate. Job satisfaction, a part of milieu and culture, has the strongest association with staffs’ perceptions of school climate. The results indicate that the theoretical models of school climate employed by this study are sound. The within-between effects panel regression results demonstrate that characteristics inherent to school-type have a plausible influence on students’ perceptions of school climate, but not for staff. Charter school students rated their school climates more favorably than traditional public schools, but when other factors are controlled, traditional public schools and magnet schools had more favorable ratings. Public-sector values, collective bargaining, and school district oversight may be beneficial to schools’ climates. This dissertation underscores the impact management and funding structures have on school climate. The author recommends that the school climate concept and evaluations of schools’ organizational practices be incorporated into school improvement policies. The milieu, culture, ecology, and organizational structures of schools should be reviewed when assessing school quality.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2014.
Submitted by Ana Cristina Barbosa da Silva (annabds@hotmail.com) on 2015-01-22T18:49:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_RemomMatheusBortolozzi.pdf: 1042625 bytes, checksum: 15c6635f7917bb4107f496d4a68d8bcf (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Ruthléa Nascimento(ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br) on 2015-02-12T16:43:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_RemomMatheusBortolozzi.pdf: 1042625 bytes, checksum: 15c6635f7917bb4107f496d4a68d8bcf (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-12T16:43:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_RemomMatheusBortolozzi.pdf: 1042625 bytes, checksum: 15c6635f7917bb4107f496d4a68d8bcf (MD5)
O tráfico de drogas é segunda maior economia global. Após a reorganização produtiva do capital, em resposta a crise global do capitalismo dos anos 70, passa-se a empregar cada vez mais a força de trabalho de crianças e adolescentes, significando uma ampliação mundial do trabalho infantil. No narcotráfico especificamente, o aumento do emprego de força de trabalho infantojuvenil é associado às mudanças no comércio de drogas nos anos 80 com a chegada da cocaína no mercado de varejo e a generalização do tráfico de crack. Essas transformações, além de ampliarem o número de crianças e adolescentes vinculados a essa economia, implicaram na reestruturação das relações de trabalho delas e na vinculação dos trabalhadores com suas comunidades. Frente a essa realidade, às políticas sociais de enfrentamento ao trabalho infantil são inoperantes em relação tanto a proteção, quanto a educação desses jovens trabalhadores. Essas políticas tomam significados unilaterais e imagens cristalizadas sobre esse trabalho, dificultando o desenvolvimento de políticas de enfrentamento efetivas. Buscando contribuir com políticas reais de enfrentamento, esse trabalho analisa a estrutura e a dinâmica do sentido do trabalho no tráfico de drogas vivenciado por crianças e adolescentes que trabalham ou já trabalharam nesse mercado, apresentando conceitos-chave para propostas educacionais que abordem especificidades desse público. Esta pesquisa se ancora no método do materialismo histórico dialético e se utilizou para coleta de dados entrevista semi-estruturada com jovens moradores do Distrito Federal que tiveram vivência no tráfico quando crianças ou adolescentes. Também foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica acerca da estrutura e dinâmica do narcotráfico e levantamento teóricoconceitual sobre as metamorfoses do trabalho na modernidade e suas relações com a educação. Para tratamento dos sentidos do trabalho, foi utilizado o método hermenêutico-dialético e para análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica da triangulação de dados. A partir dessa investigação mostramos que a inserção precoce de crianças e adolescentes no mercado de trabalho de forma exploradora gera um reflexo fragmentado dessa atividade no psiquismo e, especificamente no caso do narcotráfico, a fragmentação de sentido se relaciona com o próprio mascaramento dessa atividade como trabalho – seja por sua estrutura de organização produtiva no modelo da acumulação flexível operada por meio do tráfico fragmentado de crack, seja pela ideologia da marginalidade que reveste o tráfico de uma imagem contrainstitucional e isola o trabalhador. Assim, apontamos que para que se torne possível a constituição de espaços de aprendizagem, a educação precisa romper com o isolamento do trabalhador do mundo, a fragmentação da personalidade e a desagregação comunitária. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Drug trafficking is the second largest global economy. After the productive reorganization in response to the '70s capitalism global crisis, the children and teenagers workforce employment has increased, meaning a global child labor expansion. In drug trafficking specifically, children and teenagers workforce increased is associated with changes in the drug trade in the ‘80s with the cocaine arrival in the retail market and the crack cocaine traffic widespread. These transformations, as well as expand several children and teenagers from this economy, resulted in the labor relations restructuring in them and tying workers to their communities. Facing this reality, the social policies addressed for child labor are irrelevant about both protection and education of these young workers. These policies take unilateral meanings and candied images on this work, hindering an effective social policies development. Seeking to contribute to real confrontation social policies, this paper analyzes the labour sense structure and dynamics in drug trafficking experienced by children and adolescents who works or have worked in this market, presenting key concepts for educational proposals addressing specificities. This research is grounded in historical materialism dialectical method and for the data collection we used semi-structured interviews with young Federal District residents who had experience drug trafficking when children or teenagers. It was also done bibliographic research on the drug trafficking structure and dynamics and theoretical-conceptual survey of the works metamorphoses in modernity and its relationship with education. For the labour senses treatment, we used the hermeneutic-dialectic method and for data analysis we used the data triangulation technique. From this research, we show that early children and teenagers integration in the labor market in a exploitative way generates a fragmented reflection of this activity in the psyche and specifically in the drug trafficking case, the senses fragmentation relates to the masking itself as this activity work - either byproductive organization structure in the flexible accumulation model operated through fragmented trafficking crack, either by the marginality ideology that covers trafficking, that rejects institutional image and isolates the worker. Thus, we point out that to make possible a learning spaces creation, education needs to break the isolation between the world and the worker, the personality fragmentation and community breakdown.

The primary aim of this study was to explore primary school teachers’ experiences that influence their morale in Bohlabela District, Mpumalanga Province in order to improve practice and create a suitable environment for effective teaching and learning. The aim was achieved by exploring teachers’ experiences, identifying factors which influence the morale of teachers and developing strategies which could be applied to motivate teachers in their profession. The empirical inquiry was informed by behaviourism as a theoretical framework as well as the extant literature on teachers’ morale. The study applied an interpretive paradigm which is qualitative in nature to collect and analyse teachers’ subjective but accurate accounts of their opinions, experiences and perceptions regarding their morale. A case study was opted as the research design method and purposive sampling was used to identify 12 poorly performing rural primary schools and to select information- rich 36 teacher participants, all of who were teaching Grade 6 Mathematics and English. The primary data gathering technique was focus group interviews with teachers. Data extracted from the participants were augmented, supported, confirmed and corroborated by observations. Data were analysed using a thematic data analysis approach. Data were segmented and inductively coded into three main themes which served as the main empirical research findings. The first theme of this study dealt with experiences that influence teachers’ morale which included boredom, frustrations, lack of professional development and feelings of neglect and violence.InIn this theme it was found that experiences such as boredom, lack of professional development, feelings of neglect and school violence negatively affected the morale of teachers. The second theme comprised factors that affect teachers’ morale which included personal factors; work related factors and socio-economic factors. Personal factors and work related factors were also found to play a negative role in the morale of teachers. The third theme comprised intervention strategies to enhance teachers’ morale which included improved communication, family support, safety in schools and parental involvement. Based on the findings of the literature review and the empirical investigation, recommendations were made for the improvement of practice. It was concluded in this study that low teacher morale is a challenge in the schooling systems globally including South Africa. The study further concluded that low teacher morale negatively affects both teachers’ and learners’ productivity. As a way of mitigating problems associated with low teacher morale, it was recommended that the Department of Education should prioritise the issue of consulting teachers as an important component when developing professional development programmes aimed at assisting teachers, this is thought will assist in identifying problem areas which affect the work of teachers which ultimately affects their morale.
Educational Studies

碩士
中華大學
行政管理學系碩士班
101
This study aimed to explore the friendship networks, organizational communication, and motivate Keelung in effect morale officer and officer morale in Keelung understand the current situation and how it affects the friendship network in Keelung District Officers working like state. The subjects were in Keelung General to conduct a comprehensive survey. Depth interviews targeted at each of the Nuannuan District and Xinyi District 3, totaling six. 101 questionnaires were sent questionnaires, the effective response rate was 81.1%. Study found that friendship networks, organizational communication, motivation and morale have possessed significant positive correlation;, and in this study, the Director-scale questionnaire check on the degree of recognition are in general more; depth interviews with middle-aged or older who owned that friendship networks small groups fear will produce unfavorable hall house development, organizational communication also considers hall of inadequate; hall up in the spiritual motivation, performance appraisal ratings led to material incentives, but most need to improve the fairness of the part; morale democracy leadership main part of the reservation authoritarian leadership morale highest; research and analysis of the results, the impact Keelung in the level of morale officers were highest incentives, organizational communication, followed by friendship networks Min. Research suggests that hall supervisor shall take on the leadership of transformational leadership and organizational culture shaping quality through socialization to teach new staff; using multiple modes of assessment entrepreneurs (360-degree assessment), Director-General for PAR reduction in fairness and reasonable doubt; regularly conduct internal social activities, to increase the willingness to work, colleagues degree of interaction, organizational loyalty; Director-General to strengthen positions in the glory of a sense of accomplishment, a sense of increasing the value of work, enhance their personal morale; enhance the professional ability to establish law administrative concepts.

碩士
國立中山大學
公共事務管理研究所
103
Re-programming administrative areas is the most important policy in our country, related to the development of national competition and human resource, avoided the waste of resource and upgraded the efficiency of government. This paper is aim to study the status of training and attitude of representatives from each village in city. The purpose of the present study is to understand the status between four main sections, which are personal backgrounds, service attitude, working morale and internal marketing in representatives from each village of Kaohsiung City. Six survey methodologies are used in this research, including Item Analysis, Reliability Analysis, Factor Analysis, Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Analysis of Variance, T-test Analysis and Regression Analysis. Writing a pre-questionnaire by collecting documents and interviewing experts, and sampling representatives from villages in Kaohsiung City are the first step of this research. Then, sending and recalling all valid questionnaires in one week are the second step. Afterward, Sending the formal questionnaires to all 893 representatives from each village in Kaohsiung City. In the end, 331 effective questionnaires out of 365 questionnaires. According to the result of this research, it can be concluded, like upgrading the quality of training, elevating the usage of e-government, promoting the efficiency of local representatives service and building horizontal communicationin governments, to give references practically in promoting internal marketing, working morale and service attitude for government and representatives from villages in Kaohsiung City.

碩士
國立中山大學
醫務管理研究所
94
Recently, in Taiwan, upon enforcement of national health insurance, the medical care system has suffered the tightened growth of expenses and uncertain fluctuation of point value under the global budget payment system, and the stable growth of the local medical care environment was forced to be transformed to negative growth. In order to maintain competitive strength, hospitals focused their operations on organizational reform. The reform may cause employees to feel the uncertainty of hospitals’ future development and also feel terrified and unsafe, and thereby is likely to decrease employees’ morale and organizational commitment, and even severely affect their performance and work satisfaction. The study is intended to explore the change of employees’ organizational commitment, morale and work satisfaction prior to and after salary adjustment. Full-time employees of a district teaching hospital, including doctors, nursing staff, medical technicians and executive staff were surveyed. The survey of first questionnaire of a total of 400 copies was conducted in June 2005. The effective recalled questionnaire totaled 302 copies, with a recall rate 75.5%. The second questionnaire was released in February 2006 to 400 employees, of which the effective recalled questionnaire totaled 254 copies, with recall rate 63.5%. Reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, One-Way ANOVA and general lineal model were conducted using software SPSS. The results show that: 1.No significant differences were observed in the organizational commitment, moral and work satisfaction prior to and after salary adjustment. 2.Significant difference takes place in the organizational commitment, moral and work satisfaction with respect to the various personal characteristics of employees. 3.The organizational commitment was affected by gender, age, religion and position, regardless of the salary adjustment. The moral was affected by age, educational degree, religion and position, regardless of the salary adjustment. The work satisfaction was affected by age, religion and position, regardless of the salary adjustment.

By analyzing surveys, census data, policies and curriculum, it is demonstrated that the Toronto District School Board’s policies for equitable, anti-heterosexist, and anti-homophobic curriculum become stymied by how students and sex are routinely treated as subjects of moral control in curriculum. According to Gilles Deleuze's (1988) interpretation of Baruch Spinoza's (1632-1677) philosophical works, the distinction between morals and ethics is also the difference between slavery and freedom. Together with theoretical perspectives of sex and sexuality from Michel Foucault, Judith Butler and Gayle Rubin, the distinction between morals and ethics works to specify how particular discourses of sex can work to enslave or to empower students. Comprehension and circulation of the distinction between morals and ethics is proposed to increase the potential for curriculum to reciprocate with students’ individual learning needs, support the free and autonomous organization of desire, and promote the possibility of a democratic, inclusive, pluralistic, and secular society.

碩士
國立中山大學
政治學研究所
98
Human resource is the essence of sustainable development in a country, and a well-worked education system is the key factor of training excellent talents. Owing to above, the educational environment is turning from the old closed system to multiversity. Everything is facing a great reform, including the teacher education, the human rights of students, and the curriculum reform. It’s expected to rise up the quality of education and train up more outstanding talents for the country through the chains of education reform. However, affected by the education environment, it’s been changed a lot in the aspects of teacher’s teaching, interpersonal communication, and job security. After that, present teachers’ job satisfaction and morale could be affected. For teachers’ job satisfaction, morale will vitally affect education quality, this essay aimed to inquire the relations between teachers’ cognition for education environment changes, job satisfaction and morale. This essay took the method of questionnaire inquiry. The sample is the present elementary teachers in Ligang district, Pingtung County. The researcher dispatched 540 questionnaires, and recycles 411 valid ones. The main inquiry results are as followings: 1.Part of the personal factors will notably affect some aspects of the cognitions for education environment, job satisfaction and morale. 2.The cognition for the change of education environment will positively affect some aspects of job satisfaction. 3.The cognition for the change of education environment will positively affect some aspects of morale. 4.Job satisfaction has positive effects on morale. 5.Through multiple linear regression analysis, the recognition for the changes of education environment and job satisfaction will notably affect morale in the same time. In other words, the more positive attitude to the changes of education environment the teachers have, the better job satisfaction and morale will they get. In brief, the recognition for the changes of education environment changes will indeed affect the teachers’ morale.

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
生命教育教學碩士學位班
102
The purpose of this study includes threefold: (1)to discuss the current status of the Elementary Teachers' Perception of Retirement System and Working Morale；(2)to analyze the differences of the Elementary Teachers' Perception of Retirement System and Working Morale from different backgrounds；and (3) to further verifythe relationships between Elementary Teachers' Perception of Retirement System and Working Morale.“The Relationships between Elementary Teachers' Perception of Retirement System and Working MoraleQuestionnaire＂is developed as the research instrument for this study. The formal teachers from the 12 public elementary schools in Xindian District, New Taipei City are chosen as the subjects of this study. The descriptive statistics, One-Way ANOVA, t-test and Person Product-moment Correlation methods are used to analyze those data from 321 effective questionnaires. The following conclusions are made according to the results elicited from this research: 一、The dimensions of the Elementary Teachers' Perception of Retirement System：「Perception of The Internal Contents of Reform」,「Support of The Internal Contents of Reform」, and「Expectation of The Internal Contents of Reform」. (一) In current stage, the overall attitude of the Elementary Teachers' Perception of Retirement System is below average, and the perception of the internal contents of reform shows the highest. (二) There is significant discrepancy between the Elementary Teachers' age and the expectation of the internal contents of reform. (三)There is significant discrepancy for the Elementary Teachers' years of service in correlation to the perception of the internal contents of reform and expectation of the internal contents of reform. 二、The dimensions of the Elementary Teachers' Working Morale：「Job Involvement」, 「Organizational Identification」,「Group Cohesiveness」, and「Fulfillment of Needs」. (一)In current stage, the overall attitude of the Elementary Teachers' Working Morale in Xindian District is above average, the perception of Job Involvement shows the highest, and the perception of Fulfillment of needs shows the lowest. (二)There is significant discrepancy between the Elementary Teachers' gender and the Organizational Identification. (三) There is significant discrepancy between the Elementary Teachers' years of service in correlation to the Job Involvement, Group Cohesiveness, Fulfillment of needs and the overall level. 三、There is significant positive relationships between the Elementary Teachers' Perception of Retirement System and Working Morale.

From the wave of policy reforms of the new Minister of Education and Human Resources for a "World Class Quality Education", stakeholders have been ascribing the poor quality of learner performance to a lack of motivated teachers. This study focuses on the factors that impact on teacher motivation in the Flacq district of Mauritius and on the role of the principal in enhancing teacher motivation. An empirical investigation based on qualitative research was conducted following the literature study on these two themes. Motivational factors pertain to the school-based personal and professional needs of the teacher. Due to centralised school governance and instructional leadership tasks being delegated to the School Management Team, principals are not effective teacher motivators. Recommendations relate to transformational, distributive and participatory leadership strategies for optimal instructional principalship.
Educational Leadership and Management
M. Ed. (Educational management)

Rationalisation and redeployment of educators in South Africa negatively affects teaching and learning in schools. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of educators and stakeholders on rationalisation and redeployment as a policy. The study was conducted in schools of the Mopani district in Limpopo Province. Limpopo schools experience redeployment every year as the learner enrolment fluctuates. This increase or decrease of learner enrolment causes compulsory transfer of educators from the school with low enrolment to the school with greater enrolment. A legal framework, social justice and transformational leadership theory underpinned this study. The study used a qualitative research framework and methodology located within the constructivist paradigm to explore the experiences of educators and stakeholders on rationalisation and redeployment as a policy. This qualitative study employed a case study design, the case being redeployment of educators. Principals, educators, secretaries of school governing bodies, union members and circuit managers were selected as stakeholders to participate in the study. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with principals, secretaries of governing bodies, union members and circuit managers. Two focus groups with educators, who were once redeployed, were used, one from a primary school and the other from a secondary school. Observations and document analysis were also used in this study for triangulation. Data were coded and analysed through qualitative content analysis. The study found that rationalisation and redeployment affect the morale of educators It was also revealed that principals use the process for their personal advancement. Again, rationalisation and redeployment hinder the school performance as it takes place in the middle of the year. This study recommended that rationalisation and redeployment be done once within a three-year cycle. It was also recommended that redeployed educators should be counselled to boost their low morale.
Educational Management and Leadership
Ph. D. (Education Leadership and Management)

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.
Democratic elections are one of the most important social phenomena of the last centuries. Countries which publish elections results on the polling station level provide a valuable source of data for different groups of scientists like geographers and statisticians. In this work, we combined geographical and statistical analysis, pursuing a goal of defining the spatial patterns and irregularities of the electoral data. From theoretical point of view, it will help to find out if the electoral behavior has any spatial dependency. From practical perspective, it can give a new insight about the electoral fraud detection. We have applied a set of statistical methods to estimate the distribution and variability of the electoral behavior in space and time for different geographic units. Canada was selected as a study area because it is an old democracy where the elections are considered being fair, and all the necessary data are available.

This diploma thesis focuses on administration developement of five district gendarmerie commands (Benešov, Český Brod, Vlašim, Jílové u Prahy, Říčany u Prahy) which were a part of gendarmerie departement Benešov u Prahy during 1918-1945. The aim of the work is to introduce their form and activities within the whole gendarmerie organization in the Czech lands and try to explain their specifics if there were any. There is emphasise on personalities and careers of district gendarmerie commanders. After introducing character and history of administration since half of the nineteenth century till 1945 there is a chapter which concerns on historical developement of Benešov, Vlašim, Český Brod, Jílové and Říčany regions especially during 1918-1945. On the basis of that there will be described and evaluated the command of gendarmerie departement Benešov and five district gendarmerie commands. This thesis is based on comparative, normative-comparative method with an application of some sociological and psychological approaches. The institute of district gendarmerie commanders appeared before 1918 but they were no officers until the establishment of Czechoslovakia. There were two categories for gendarmerie officers - administrative (the higher one) and executive (the lower one). The district gendarmerie commanders...

American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law. These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism. In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method. This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of reason also requires procedural due process to protect against the punishment of the innocent and the tyranny of the majority. Legal systems that respect their subjects' status as rational creatures with free wills permit their subjects to orient their own behavior. The principle of reason therefore requires substantive due process to ensure that laws provide dependable guideposts to individuals in orienting their behavior. The principle of consent recognizes that the legitimacy of law derives from the consent of those subject to its power. Common law custom, the doctrine of stare decisis, and legislation sanctioned by the subjects' legitimate representatives all evidence consent. The principle of autonomy establishes the authority of law. Laws must wield supremacy over political rulers, and political rulers must be subject to the same laws as other citizens. Political rulers may not arbitrarily alter the law to accord to their will. Legal history demonstrates that, in the absence of a validity standard based on these principles, legal systems will not treat their subjects as ends in themselves. They will inevitably treat their subjects as mere means to other ends. Once laws do this, men have no rest from evil.