Tesis sobre el tema "Moral rights in law"
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Ang, Steven. "The moral dimensions of intellectual property rights". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9008.
Texto completoAlmawla, Hanan Mohamed. "Moral rights in the conflict-of-laws : alternatives to the copyright qualifications". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8730.
Texto completoBanks, Catherine y n/a. "Lost in Translation: A History of Moral Rights in Australian Law". Griffith University. Griffith Law School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061006.114720.
Texto completoBanks, Catherine. "Lost in Translation: A History of Moral Rights in Australian Law". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365849.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Law School
Full Text
Sundara, Rajan Mira T. "Moral rights and creative freedom : a study of post-Communist law reform in Russia". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:122cdd46-230a-42a3-b163-59e60c128dbb.
Texto completoLetourneau, Lyne. "Animal protection law in Great Britain : in search of the existing moral orthodoxy". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602287.
Texto completoLoff, Beatrice. "Health and human rights : case studies in the potential contribution of a human rights framework to the analysis of health questions". Monash University, Dept. of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5291.
Texto completoBeaudry, Jonas-Sébastien. "Can social contract theory fully account for the moral status of profoundly mentally disabled people?" Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7ec42c39-8ee1-470c-b107-8625c97f610a.
Texto completovan, Popering Ruben. "Jain Vegetarian Laws in the City of Palitana : Indefensible Legal Enforcement or Praiseworthy Progressive Moralism?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Centrum för tillämpad etik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119663.
Texto completoOlsson, Johanna. "A European Right to Assisted Suicide? Moral Justifications of the ECtHR Case Law". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23180.
Texto completoBoyd, Craig. "Natural Law & Right Reason in the Moral Theory of St. Thomas Aquinas". TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2157.
Texto completoKirby, Joshua Thomas. "Natural law in the Encyclopédie (1751-1772)". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/natural-law-in-the-encyclopedie-17511772(55b121a8-3e77-4be9-8f04-291d640c5cb2).html.
Texto completoGudaitė, Martyna. "Teisės į kūrinio neliečiamybę įgyvendinimo problemos". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20070105_093921-83127.
Texto completoRimmer, Matthew Rhys. "The pirate bazaar the social life of copyright law". View electronic text, 2001. http://eprints.anu.edu.au/documents/disk0/00/00/08/14/index.html.
Texto completoAnderson, Jane Elizabeth Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "The production of indigenous knowledge in intellectual property law". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20491.
Texto completoBunn, Isabella D. "Legal and moral dimensions of the right to development : implications for international economic law". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272096.
Texto completoSalam, Abdallah. "Perfect and imperfect rights, duties and obligations : from Hugo Grotius to Immanuel Kant". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:882da778-1126-4909-b38b-5ada51cc8e78.
Texto completoBarnardt, Gerard Louis. "Electronic communication in the workplace : employer vs employee legal rights". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49942.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: The monitoring of electronic communication is likely to face all employers sooner or later. The rapid advancement in technology aimed at helping to monitor electronic communication, makes it easier than ever before for employers to monitor the electronic communications of their employees. There are important questions to consider when dealing with the topic of monitoring electronic communication. Examples include "mayan employer legally monitor electronic communications?" and "how does monitoring affect the employee's right to privacy?" This thesis is an attempt to answer these and other related questions by analysing, inter alia, South African legislation, the Constitution and case law, as well as comparing the law as it applies in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The analysis and conclusion offered in this thesis aim to provide theoretical consideration to academics and practical application for employers that are faced with the reality of monitoring electronic communications.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alle werkgewers sal waarskynlik die een of ander tyd met die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie gekonfronteer word. Die snelle voortuitgang in tegnologie wat daarop gemik is om te help met die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie, maak dit vir werkgewers makliker as ooit tevore om sodanige kommunikasies van hulle werknemers te monitor. Daar is egter belangrike vrae wat oorweeg moet word wanneer die onderwerp van monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie ter sprake kom. Voorbeelde hiervan is "mag 'n werknemer regtens elektroniese kommunikasies monitor?" en "hoe raak monitering die werknemer se reg tot privaatheid?" Hierdie tesis is 'n poging om hierdie en ander verwante vrae te beantwoord deur die ontleding van, onder andere, Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing, die Grondwet en die reg soos deur hofuitsprake ontwikkel, sowel as vergelyking van die reg soos wat dit van toepassing is in die Verenigde Koninkryk en die Verenigde State van Amerika. Die ontleding en gevolgtrekking wat in hierdie tesis aangebied word, is gemik op die verskaffing van teoretiese oorweging aan akademici en praktiese toepassing vir werkgewers wat met die realiteit van die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasies gekonfronteer word.
Beham, Markus. "Doctrinal Illusion and State Interest : an Analysis of 'Non-Treaty' Law for 'Moral Concepts'". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100078.
Texto completoThe main question of the thesis is whether ‘non-treaty’ law – that is customary international law and general principles of law – may exist for ‘moral concepts’ – ideas that follow an altruistic as opposed to a self-interested motivation. In particular, this possibility is discussed against the background of doctrinal discourse on the issue, in order to confront the casual assessment that this is the case. The argument is advanced in three steps. First, a row of preliminary questions under the UN-CHARTER is set out for further discussion. Second follow the ‘non-treaty’ sources of international law. Third stands the essential element of international relations underlying the main question of this thesis: state interest. The latter discussion is complemented by two case studies, one on human rights and one on humanitarian use of force
Die Forschungsfrage bezieht sich auf die Existenz von „moralischen Konzepten“ – also solchen, die einer altruistischen anstelle einer eigennützigen Motivation folgen – als Völkergewohnheitsrecht oder allgemeine Rechtsgrundsätze. Dabei wird die Frage insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund des Diskurses betrachtet, um der beiläufigen Feststellung deren Existenz entgegenzutreten.Die Argumentation folgt drei Schritten. Zu Beginn steht eine Reihe von Vorfragen in Bezug auf die Satzung der Vereinten Nationen als Rahmen für die weitere Diskussion. Zweitens werden das Völkergewohnheitsrecht und die allgemeinen Rechtsgrundsätze erläutert. Drittens wird das Staatsinteresse als essentielles Element der internationalen Beziehungen, das der Forschungsfrage zugrunde liegt, diskutiert. Abgerundet wird die Analyse durch zwei Fallstudien, eine zu Menschenrechten und eine zu humanitären Ausnahmen zum Gewaltverbot
Dickson, Tiphaine. "On the Poverty, Rise, and Demise of International Criminal Law". PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2707.
Texto completoShapiro, Matthew Abraham. "Enforcing respect : iberalism, perfectionism, and antidiscrimination law". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ee83edc5-162c-42ca-92d8-498a09725d5b.
Texto completoVilardo, Maria Aglaé Tedesco. "Decisões judiciais no campo da biotecnociência: a bioética como fonte de legitimação". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7549.
Texto completoThe thesis analyzes judicial decisions rendered in clinical bioethics cases, specifically requests for permission to termination of pregnancy of anencephalic fetus, freedom to refuse the imposition of blood transfusion procedure for Jehovahs Witnesses because of religious belief, and the change of name and sex with or without the performance of sex reassignment surgery. The choice of these three types of cases brought to the Judiciary for trial was due to their being issues characteristic of existential law, that have an impact on the individual Being, on his very personal rights. For that, 84 judicial decisions were analyzed, through the appropriation of the Beauchamp and Childress Principles theory and the analysis of each decision as to the application of the four Principles that it develops: respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice. The result of the analysis showed that using the four principles, specifying and pondering them, the judge enters decisions of liberal intent. When he does not use the Principles or when he crosses the limits of their application, the judge enters decisions for conservative intent. Judicial decisions of liberal character are stripped of prejudice and moralism and allow respect for individual rights without neglecting the rights of other members of society. Conservative decisions are based on the literalness of the law and violate individual rights, without adding security to society. The appropriation of the biomedical ethics theory by biolaw represents a safe and effective method for the entry of judicial decisions in clinical bioethics cases and leads the judge to fairer decisions, for being supported by good reasons.
Freitas, Rita de Cássia Souza Tabosa. "O problema da divisão dos sujeitos e o fundamento moral da pena em Kant". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2006. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5685.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
To if dealing with the criminal legal philosophy in Kant, objective in this work of research, arguing the moral bedding of the penalty, from the perspective of the existence of a duality of citizens in the soul of all the human beings. Being overcome as principle with that the freedom, in Kant, if coats with autonomy, they make with that all can act as its interests, however without never being able to ignore the knowledge of the imperative of the morality, without being able to ignore the existence of its supply-sensible reality. Breaking of a bibliographical research in the Kantians workmanships on philosophy politics, one will search to show as, when dealing with criminal law, Kant it bases the severity of its proposal punitive on the existence of the moral law in the interior of all the human beings. In this study, leaving of the concept of that, in Kant, the right in sends the coercion to them exterior that we suffer to be able to act socially the law in accordance with and, the existence of the morality, also exerts on us another form of coercion: the moral coercion, that is an interior coercion and that in the punishment, before the existence of a conviction, the criminal punishes itself exactly, as a form to recoup its lost dignity in the practical undertaking of the criminal one, readjusting the criminal with its private court.
Ao se tratar da filosofia do direito penal em Kant, objetiva-se neste trabalho de pesquisa, discutir o fundamento moral da pena, a partir da perspectiva da existência de uma dualidade de sujeitos no íntimo de todos os seres humanos. Tomando-se como princípio de que a liberdade, em Kant, se reveste de autonomia, fazem com que todos possam agir conforme os seus interesses, contudo sem jamais poder ignorar o conhecimento do imperativo da moralidade, sem poder ignorar a existência de sua realidade supra-sensível. Partindo de uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas obras kantianas sobre filosofia política, buscar-se-á mostrar como, ao tratar de direito penal, Kant fundamenta o rigor da sua proposta punitiva na existência da lei moral no interior de todos os seres humanos. Neste estudo, partindo do conceito de que, em Kant, o direito nos remete a coação exterior que sofremos para poder agirmos socialmente de acordo com a lei e, a existência da moralidade, também exerce sobre nós outra forma de coação: a coação moral, que é uma coação interior e que na punição, antes da existência de uma sentença condenatória, o criminoso pune a si mesmo, como uma forma de recuperar a sua dignidade perdida no cometimento da prática delituosa, reajustando o criminoso com o seu foro íntimo.
Chirwa, Danwood Mzikenge. "Towards binding economic, social and cultural rights obligations of non-state actors in international and domestic law: a critical survey of emerging norms". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Texto completoPires, Eduardo Rockenbach. "Tutela inibitória como instrumento de prevenção contra o assédio moral: a efetividade da jurisdição trabalhista na proteção a direitos de natureza extrapatrimonial". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-28012015-075037/.
Texto completoThe work aims to study the inhibitory injunction in the labor process, especially towards the prevention of bullying in the workplace. The approach starts from the perspective of protecting the fundamental rights of workers, particularly against the directive power of the employer. Analyzes linking the particular standards of fundamental rights and emphasizes the importance of direct or immediate employer to binding rules relating to fundamental rights within the employment relationship. It highlights the role of the procedural labor law from the perspective of the protection of fundamental rights. It analyzes the characteristics of bullying practiced in the workplace, their classification and environmental consequences. It analyzes the social changes that have imposed new requirements of procedural law, especially procedural labor law. It approaches the nature and characteristics of inhibitory injunction, like a judicial protection as a preventive of unlawful conduct. It analyzes the specific means to operate the inhibitory injunction in the labor process, with the goal of preventing bullying. It takes care of controversial aspects of legitimacy to the inhibitory action, as well as peculiarities of the cause of action and proofs. It analyzes the requirements of the sentence and the inhibitory action on res judicata. It urges the assumption of prevention logic in procedural law. It stresses the need for a more creative and free activity of labor judges.
Sullivan, Camille. "Two's legal but three's a crowd : law, morality and three-parent embryos: regulation of mitochondrial replacement therapy". Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109247.
Texto completoPagano, Dario. "Diritti naturali e Diritti Umani". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100036/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work concerns the relation between human rights and natural rights, in order to understand if human rights are those natural rights affirmed in the modern age. First of all, we analyse the contemporary conceptions about human rights nature, especially those which find their meaning from ontological positions. Secondly, we reconstruct the term of this comparison from three perspectives : the idea of natural rights, the concept of natural rights, the theories of natural rights. At last, after the individuation of relevants aspects between both categories, we compare them, highlighting the common points and the differences that separate their path
Andersson, Yvonne. "Mellan lag och moral : Civil olydnad och militanta veganer i fyra svenska dagstidningar åren omkring millennieskiftet". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation (JMK), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-27276.
Texto completoNetshitahame, Nyadzanga Evelyn. "An analysis of learners' knowledge and understanding of human rights in South Africa". Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10172008-130614.
Texto completoMouron, Philippe. "Le droit d'exposition des oeuvres graphiques et plastiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32062/document.
Texto completoThe visual artists display right is a new part of the author’s copyright, introduced by the French supreme court in 2002. It implies, for the author, the right to authorize or prohibit the public exhibition of his works, such as paintings, sculptures, photographs, architectural works or any work of graphic or plastic art. This right also gives the author a control over the conditions of presentation of the work and allows him to exploit it financially. It is similar to the performing right for dramatic and musical works. But the visual artists display right is the cause of new problems about intellectual property. Indeed, the exhibition is based on a physical thing in which the work is embodied. Therefore, we need to examine the nature of copyright, which is considered to have an intangible subject-matter. This concept is more convenient for literary, dramatic and musical works. This development calls the terms “intangible property” into questions, as they are used by the French copyright law. The visual artists display right shakes the very foundations of copyright and upsets its own structure. This thesis is intended to examine theses problems. Thus it appears that the terms “intangible property” refer to the property of the author’s right itself, as a possession, instead of the property of the work. That’s why the distinction between this property and the property of the tangible item should be considered as a distinction between two rights. In addition, the innovative nature of the visual artists display right shows that copyright has more been provided for literary, dramatic and musical works, than for the artistic works. This right also contributes to the harmonization of the literary and artistic property
Solórzano, Solórzano Raúl. "Regarding the moral right of the authors to the integrity of their work: reflections about the damage done to the murals in the Centre of Lima". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115773.
Texto completoSobre la base del reciente daño efectuado a los murales en el Centro de Lima, a través del presente artículo se analiza el conflicto que puede producirse entre el derecho moral de los autores a la integridad de sus obras y el derecho de propiedad de los titulares del soporte que contiene la creación intelectual. Se brinda criterios a tomarse en cuenta en los conflictos donde estén involucrados murales. Finalmente, se examina las posibles infracciones al derecho moral de integridad.
Leyton, Donoso Fabiola. "Bioética frente a los derechos animales: tensión en las fronteras de la filosofía moral". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/292240.
Texto completoBioethics is an emergent discipine that look for answer those ethical questions opened to society by the development of science and technology. One of these questions, the way we treat nonhuman animals, has been insufficiently worked in this field, proof of this is the very few literature on bioethics regarding the topic. The objective of this thesis is to examine the question of our relationship with nonhuman animals from some perspectives on moral philosophy, to present arguments and proposals to help to consolidate this overlooked area on bioethics. With this aim, bioethics is contextualized and the situation of nonhuman animals is presented in two specific ambits in which society benefits from them: factory farming and animal research. Then, four ethical theories which support the moral considerability of nonhuman animals are discussed in relation to livestock and experimentation. In the development of this research, concepts as sentience, speciesism, animal welfare and consent are key for the teorethical and practical analysis of the topic. Finally, the ethical-normative analysis will include nine conclusions as contribution to the expansion of bioethics towards a global bioethics, that considers all living beings that are affected by the scientific and technical development of our world.
Sol, Credence. "Le droit des artistes-interprètes à la protection de leur travail à l'ère numérique". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2026/document.
Texto completoThis work provides a broad study of the right of performing artists to protect their performances in the Internet era. The first part of this work explores the theoretical foundation of copyright law, the history of moral rights, and the application of the theory of moral rights to cases affecting performing artists in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. In addition, this work discusses relevant international law, including the Berne Convention and the Beijing Treaty. The second part of this work addresses the history of the movie industry. More specifically, it concentrates on the history of the film industry in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, observing how technological progress in filmmaking techniques have affected the rights of movie actors under both national and international law. The third part of this work proposes a Protocol to the Beijing Treaty that would create a mechanism to lower the barriers to justice that currently prevent performing artists from vindicating their rights. This work concludes with a reflection on the lessons that can be drawn from both the history and the current practices of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France with respect to the moral rights of performing artists, recommending that the three countries provide more significant protections to performing artists going forward
Wilson, Michael Peter. "The politics of privacy protection: An analysis of resistance to metadata retention and encryption access laws". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/199696/1/Michael_Wilson_Thesis.pdf.
Texto completoMarguet, Laurie. "Le droit de la procréation en France et en Allemagne : étude sur la normalisation de la vie". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100124.
Texto completoHow Law addresses procreation is often presented, both in France and Germany, as a way to limit abuses, to guarantee founding values of the society while ensuring at the same time the protection of the human body, the human person and its personal dignity.This legal framework seems to be necessary to prevent any abuse that may arise from procreative freedoms’ enshrinement.The question is thus the following : Is this principle of protection really constitutive of the main paradigm of reproductive rights ? Is the protection of life and of the human person the base of this paradigm ? Taking Michel Foucault’s and Giorgi Agamben’s work on biopolitic as a theoretical frame, it seems that the State does not intend to protect zoe (biological life), the « bare life », i.e. the simple fact of living, encompassing all living species.It appears that the State aims to only protect some forms of life : the « good » life, i.e. the life which is meaningful both axiologically and politically.Via various regulations on procreation - birth control, abortion, medically-assisted procreation or surrogate motherhood - the State implement processes that lead to normalize the life per se. These processus are especially visible when relate to the family as well as physical or mental disability
Rossouw, Elzaan. "Einde van lewe besluite ten opsigte van defektiewe babas : 'n juridiese perspektief". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1183.
Texto completoFaifi, Farai. "The presumption of gult created by Section 235(2) of the Tax Administration Act: a constitutional and comparative perspective". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012979.
Texto completoBagal, Monique. "La protection des indications géographiques dans un contexte global : essai sur un droit fondamental". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3077.
Texto completoSince two decades, the international protection of geographical indications is characterized by a “blockage” in the negotiations at the World Trade Organization opposing the countries favorable to the protection of geographical indications to countries more skeptical in this regard. Deriving from a compromise between the European conception of the protection of GIs and the American one, the minimum standards of TRIPS have revealed the different legal options in this field and have resulted in a passionate debate over the appropriate role of the State. History shows that the advocacy for, or indictment against one or the other way of protecting GIs focuses essentially on the philosophy of protection in one or the other territories. As a reminder, the European Union “culture” is to protect industries far too exposed to competition while the American “culture” is to preserve economic freedom of operators and to grant monopoly on a geographical name only where such name has been tested on the market and is recognized by the “public” as having a geographical anchorage. Equally compelling, neither of these philosophies has allowed reaching the most acceptable balance for GI regime. This work seeks to transcend them. It bets that everything has not been tried yet, at least from a legal perspective. In order to find a common solution and a way forward to multilateral protection of geographical indications, the paper relies on the culture of “human rights”, not really with a view to “moralize” the field of study but more to deduct practical answers deriving from the international human rights law. As a matter of fact, article 15.1 c) of the Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights provides that “The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone […] to benefit from the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author”. The activation of this article could allow approaching geographical indications operators, not only as beneficiaries of certain rights but also as beneficiaries of public policies. By virtue of article 15.1 c), there shall be a right to benefit from the GI protection (“right-liberty”) but also, a right to claim certain public policies (“right-debt”) in this regard. Beyond this seemingly strict framework for GIs, the reference to international human rights law proves to beneficial to the necessary balance between the rights of GI operators and the rights of the public. Incidentally, this balance is inclusive of multiple issues which is essential to the legitimacy of the multilateral regime of protection of GIs
Lima, Caio Moyses de. "O Império dos Direitos: lei e autoridade política em Ronald Dworkin". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-25112011-155803/.
Texto completoThe purpose of this research is to expound the main characteristics of Ronald Dworkins theory of fundamental (or moral) rights. Dworkins theory is herein considered as a defense of the idea of fundamental rights, as it appears in the United States Constitutional System, against the attacks advanced by the doctrines of utilitarianism and legal positivism. Dworkins conception of fundamental rights as reasons of justice (or principles) that function as trumps against the general utility is contrasted with two defiant theories: John Stuart Mills utilitarian conception of moral rights and the positivist social sources thesis. The well-known debate between Ronald Dworkin and the legal positivists is approached as a normative dispute concerning the concept of political authority: Dworkin regards fundamental rights as the ultimate source of legal authority, whereas legal positivists argue that one of laws main functions is precisely to settle peoples rights.
Chi, Young-hae. "By what right do we own things? : a justification of property ownership from an Augustinian tradition". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5555bb1d-9d5c-4260-b2bc-3c04c61ecb31.
Texto completoGraf, Olivier. "La personne morale : un non-professionnel ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1006/document.
Texto completoLegal persons are commonly regarded as incomplete "legal beings" in comparison with natural persons and as dedicated only to carry on their activity. Yet the French Court of Cassation said they could be protected by the non-professional qualification in French consumer law. However, the finalist understanding of the application criterion for this qualification makes it ineffective against these persons.The transition from a monolithic conception of legal persons to an exploded view, coupled with a new understanding of the application criterion allows the emergence of a non-professional legal person, clarifying consumer law and personality rights of artificial persons. Legal persons can thus be considered as legal entities different from individuals but complete however
De, Villiers Suzanne. "The principle of respect for autonomy and the sterilization of people with intellectual disabilities". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53148.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: The implementation of eugenic policies reached its peak during the zo" century when thousands of people with intellectual disabilities and other "undesirable qualities" were involuntary sterilized. Although most of the eugenic policies have been removed, countries such as South Africa, still make legally provision for the involuntary sterilization of people with intellectual disabilities. Torbjërn Tannsjë (1998) used the "argument from autonomy" to argue that involuntary sterilization practices are wrong because it involves compulsion. According to him, society should never interfere with people's reproductive choices and people should never be required to qualify for the right to have children. The aim of this assignment was to systematically assess the "argument from autonomy" as far as the policy of involuntary sterilization of people with intellectual disabilities is concerned. To this end, the concept of autonomy and the principle of respect for autonomy are discussed and applied to the intellectually disabled. It is argued that autonomy and respect for autonomy are useful concepts to apply to some people with intellectual disabilities. These individuals should not be automatically assumed to be incompetent, but their competence needs to be determined on an individual level, with reference to the complexity of the decision to be made. Special effort is needed from health care professionals to obtain (where possible) informed consent from people with intellectual disabilities. The application of the principle of respect for autonomy to matters of reproduction leads to the conclusion that people with severe to profound levels of disability, are unable to provide informed consent for sexual intercourse. Therefore some form of paternalistic protection is needed for these individuals. People with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities who are however competent to consent to sexual intercourse should never be prohibited from procreation by means of involuntary sterilization. State interference in matters of reproduction should be limited to interventions where (i) children are seriously harmed by parents and (ii) to protect those who are incompetent to consent to sexual interactions with others. Apart from these exceptions, the intellectually disabled is entitled to the same procreative rights as all other citizens.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die implementering van eugenetiese beleid het gedurende die 20 ste eeu 'n hoogtepunt bereik met die onwillekeurige sterilisering van duisende persone met intellektuele gestremdhede en ander "ongewensde kwaliteite". Alhoewel meeste van die eugenetiese wetgewing verwyder is, maak lande soos Suid-Afrika steeds wetlik voorsiening vir die onwillekeurige sterilisasie van persone met intellektuele gestremdhede. Torbjërn Tannsjo (1998) maak gebruik van die "outonomie argument" om te argumenteer dat onwillekeurige sterilisasie praktyke onaanvaarbaar is omdat dit dwang bevat. Hy voer aan dat die samelewing nooit in die reproduktiewe keuses van mense behoort in te meng nie en dat dit nooit vir mense nodig moet wees om vir ouerskap te kwalifiseer nie. Die doel van hierdie werkstuk was om sistematies die "outonomie argument" te analiseer ten opsigte van die beleid van die onwillekeurige sterilisasie van persone met intellektuele gestremdhede. Met hierdie doel voor oë word die konsep outonomie en die beginsel van respek vir outonomie bespreek en toegepas op die intellektueel gestremde persoon. Daar word aangevoer dat outonomie en respek vir outonomie nuttige beginsels is om in ag te neem in kwessies rakende intellektueel gestremdes. Hierdie individue moet nie outomaties as onbevoeg beskou word nie, maar hul bevoegdheid moet eerder op 'n individuele basis beoordeel word, inaggeneem die kompleksiteit van die besluit wat geneem moet word. Voorts word daar van gesondheidsorgpersoneel verwag om moeite te doen met die verkryging van oorwoê toestemming (waar moontlik) by persone met intellektuele gestremdhede. Die toepassing van die beginsel van respek vir outonomie op aspekte rakende reproduksie, lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat persone met ernstige intellektuele gestremdhede nie in staat is om toestemming tot seksuele omgang te verleen nie. Dus, is 'n vorm van paternalistiese beskerming in hierdie gevalle aangedui. Persone met intellektuele gestremdhede wat egter wel bevoeg is om toestemming tot seksuele omgang te verleen, moet nooit weerhou word van voortplanting deur middel van onwillekeurige sterilisering nie. Inmenging deur die staat in kwessies rakende reproduksie moet beperk word tot intervensies waar (i) kinders ernstige skade berokken word en (ii) die beskerming van persone wat onbevoeg is om toestemming tot seksuele interaksies met ander te verleen, benodig word. Afgesien hiervan, is die intellektuele gestremde persoon geregtig op dieselfde reproduktiewe regte as alle ander landsburgers.
Dzama, Hedrix A. "Is the Use of the Rubber as a Preventive Measure to the Spread of HIV/AIDS Morally Justifiable? Ethical Reflections on the Controversy". Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2110.
Texto completoSince the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was discovered in the 1980s, the condom has scientifically proven to be the only technological device that can prevent transmission of the virus during sexual intercourse. This technical approach to the HIV has strongly emphasized that prevention is only possible if the condom is properly used. However, as a technological artifact the condom has shown that its use is laden with values. The question of values on condoms has brought in a heated debate on the moral justifications of its use. In Malawi, just as in other African countries, the Faith Community has rejected the Governmentsplea to promote condoms as the preventive measure against the virus.The Faith Community has emphasized on abstinence and mutual faithfulness as the only reliable means to the prevention of HIV/AIDS. The main argument from the Faith Community is that condoms promote promiscuity. Nevertheless, the Government agrees with the Faith Community on abstinence and mutual faithfulness, but still insists on condom use as a preventive measure against the virus. The Government argues that the condom is the only proven technical approach to the HIV prevention and therefore it should be promoted. T
he main purpose of this study is to attempt an ethical analysis of the arguments for and againstcondom use as the preventive measure against HIV. In this case, the study tries to analyse the Government and Faith Community stands on condoms. In relation to the arguments for and againstcondom use, the study also touches such areas as: the concept of rights and condom use, ethics of condom advertisement, African cultural values versus condom use and the implications of condom use on behaviour change. From the study, it has been argued that condoms should be promoted. The argument comes from that understanding that AIDS has plundered Africa than any war or disease in human history, and therefore, it needs to be stopped. In this case, such theories as, Utility, Love, Autonomy, Rights and umunthu moral conscience have been used to support the argument.
Santana, Rodrigo Marcon. "A legitimidade da punição e os direitos humanos no Estado Democrático de Direito". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2012. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4040.
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O objetivo deste estudo é justificar a legitimidade da punição pelo Estado, a luz dos direitos humanos, no Estado Democrático de Direito. Embora sejam inegáveis os avanços proporcionados pelo tipo de organização social da modernidade, no campo da punição há um forte debate em relação a sua legitimidade, causada por incompreensão histórica da questão e insuficiente ou deficiente justificação teórica. Para tanto, será necessário promover um resgate histórico dos fundamentos da punição desde Aristóteles até o Iluminismo. Depois, será demonstrado que a partir das revoluções liberais, a dogmática do direito penal, fundamentada no iluminismo Europeu e fortemente afetada pelas propostas de reforma do modelo de punição, trilha caminhos absolutamente distintos para tentar responder a questão da legitimidade da punição, produzindo discursos contraditórios que vão da legitimação máxima até a completa ausência de legitimidade para a punição. Destas contradições surge a necessidade de resgatar o pensamento kantiano sobre a ideia do Estado e do direito. A alta complexidade da sociedade contemporânea necessita de uma justificativa legítima e filosófica mais ampla para a punição. A ideia de Estado no pensamento kantiano passa pelo princípio moral de liberdade e não como um contrato social histórico. O direito concebido por Kant impõe uma obrigação moral que restringe a liberdade, reconhecendo que no convívio coletivo a liberdade está limitada pela liberdade do outro. A função do direito é de possibilitar a coexistência de diversos arbítrios. Kant considera o crime como sendo um abuso da liberdade individual que enseja a legítima punição, porque a ação delituosa contra o outro impede a coexistência pacífica das autonomias morais.
The objective of this study is to justify the legitimacy of punishment by the State, under the light of human rights, in the Democratic Law State. However the advances proportioned by the kind of social organization of modern age are undeniable, in the field of punishment there is a strong debate related to its legitimacy, caused by a historical incomprehension of the subject, and there is insufficient historical justification. For that, it will be necessary to promote a historical rescue of the fundaments of punishment since Aristotle until the Enlightenment. After that, it will be shown that starting in the liberal revolutions, the dogmatic of Criminal Law, based in the European Enlightenment and strongly affected by the proposes of reform of the punishment model, goes through absolutely distinct ways to try to answer the punishment legitimacy subject, producing contradictory discourses which go from the maximum legitimacy until its complete absence. From these contradictions it rises the necessity to rescue the Kantian thought about the idea of the State and Law. The high complexity of the contemporary society needs of a wider, legitimate and philosophical justification to punishment. The idea of State in the Kantian thought goes through the moral principle of freedom and not as asocial historical contract. The Law conceived by Kant imposes a moral obligation which restricts freedom, recognizing that in the collective living and freedom is limited by the other’s freedom. The function of the Law is to enable the coexistence of diverse will. Kant considers the crime as being an abuse of the individual freedom which give rise the legitimate punishment, because the criminal action against the other avoids the pacific coexistence of the moral autonomy.
Chiwandire, Desire. "Conscientious objection and South African medical practitioners' constructions of termination of pregnancy and emergency contraception". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017863.
Texto completoDagher, Chantal. "Analyse comparée franco-américaine de la protection des œuvres par le droit d’auteur". Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020041.
Texto completoIs the call to strengthen the protection of copyright in order to better fight copyright infringement, especially with the advent and the constant development of new technologies, justified? The results of the recent efforts on the international stage to achieve such a purpose, which led to the drawing up of the very controversial ACTA, show that the answer to this question cannot be simple nor immediate. Assessing the appropriateness as well as determining the need to strengthen this protection can only be made after a thorough review of legal solutions that already exist in the domestic law of two states, each of which ensures effective protection of copyright while adopting diametrically opposite approaches in this field namely, France and the United States. Once these two domestic laws have been compared, inequality in the level of protection appears, calling for improvements that go through an integration of legal institutions "coming from somewhere else". This integration that will have as a result the harmonization of these two laws while taking into account the national specificities, can be realized using the comparative law. The harmonization of national laws while respecting their differences is the work of international law as well, especially when the subject matter could only be addressed on an international even global scale. To understand the reasons for the persistence of differences between these two laws leading to this inequality, review of international instruments adopted in this field which are supposed to harmonize the protection of copyright, is essential. The results of this review are mixed due to the fact that national differences prevail, thus blocking the harmonization process. However, comparative law's primary role is to prepare the ground for a successful international harmonization, by providing concrete, practical and appropriate solutions given the fact that they do not conflict with national legal traditions that the comparative law has managed to identify
Schaefer, Brian. "Universal rights from external reasons". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4005.
Texto completoSmith, R. H. "Moral equality and rights : a specificationist account of rights in conflict". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1463364/.
Texto completoKariyawasam, Kanchana. "Moral rights protection in a copyright system /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16318.pdf.
Texto completoCorlett, Jay Angelo. "Moral Compatibilism: Rights, responsibility, punishment and compensation". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185747.
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