Tesis sobre el tema "Modelli patologici"
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Cappelli, Simona. "Modello di rete neurale per lo studio di fenomeni di integrazione visuoacustica in soggetti sani e patologici". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3275/.
Texto completoSivilia, Sandra <1975>. "Nerve growth factor in modelli di patologie sperimentali e spontanee". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/543/1/sivilia_sandra_tesi.pdf.
Texto completoSivilia, Sandra <1975>. "Nerve growth factor in modelli di patologie sperimentali e spontanee". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/543/.
Texto completoCIAVARELLA, Domenico. "Immunoflogosi e declino cognitivo dell'anziano. Contributo delle infezioni batteriche croniche: il modello umano della parodontite". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/90785.
Texto completoPeriodontitis is a chronic infectious disease involving gingival tissues, the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone. It is accompanied by increased low grade inflammation and transient bacteremia. Periodontitis is caused by microorganisms that adhere to and grow on the tooth's surfaces, along with an overly aggressive immune response against these microorganisms. Its association with neurodegenerative disease is still unclear. A possible relationship seems to be related to an increase of cytokines production (IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-a) in periodontal ligament and the presence of oral microorganisms that may increase the encephalopathy. Current knowledge on the association between periodontitis and encephalopathy is mainly based on small comparative and treatment studies. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the role of periodontitis (a chronic human infection) in neurodegenerative disorders, e.g. Alzheimer. In particular, the presence of markers in saliva by the surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) technology was investigated. SELDI-TOF-MS allows the generation of an accurate protein profile from minimal amounts of biological samples and may produce proteomic profile of saliva, recording all saliva components modification in patients. Clinical parameters measured showed a significant increase in the indices of plaque and bleeding on probing in the study group (p <0.05), which could be justified by the lower frequency and ability to perform a normal oral hygiene. Against this background, it was not found statistically significant differences in other clinical periodontal parameters; thus it seems likely to assume that the periodontal status did not differ substantially between the two groups. Proteomic analysis showed 10 peaks expressed in a manner significantly different in the saliva of the study group compared to controls. However, the CART analysis was not able to build a valid classification tree (sensitivity 8%, specificity 12%).
Queirolo, Valeria <1981>. "Caratterizzazione e ruolo di PKCε e PKCδ in modelli di differenziamento megacariocitario normale e patologico". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6757/1/Queirolo_Valeria_tesi.pdf.
Texto completoProtein kinases C (PKC) are known to be ubiquitously distributed and to have pleiotropic effects. Isoforms epsilon (PKCε) and delta (PKCδ) are involved in the regulation of cell growth, survival and differentiation; in particular, they have been also investigated for their role in the hematopoiesis and in aberrant processes of differentiation along the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages. In this PhD thesis, the results of an in vitro study about the role of these two kinases in models of megakaryocytic (MK) differentiation, both normal and pathological, are presented. The observations about PKCε and PKCδ kinetics show how these proteins have a specific modulation during the MK differentiation that results in an opposite pattern of expression and, in the murine model if compared with the human model, also a reciprocal one. In particular, in human megakaryocytopoiesis, PKCε results down-modulated, whereas in mouse its levels increase. Instead, PKCδ shows a high and steady expression in maturing CD34+ MK committed, but it is strongly down-modulated during the latest phases of platelet maturation in the murine model. The study also elucidates the different pathways PKCε and PKCδ work through, being an inhibitory action of PKCε on RhoA during proplatelets (ppt) formation in the mouse model while, in the human MK differentiation, platelets production is regulated by PKCδ through Bcl-xL. In this dissertation it is also demonstrated how in an aberrant megakaryocytopoiesis, as in the pathologic model of primary myeloproliferative neoplasm (PMF), PKCε is strongly deregulated and it results in an altered Bcl-xL expression. A forced down-modulation of this kinase restores a normal MK differentiation and ppt maturation. Therefore, the data presented show that PKCε and PKCδ play a key role in proper megakaryocyte maturation and that PKCε could be a potential new therapeutic target for PMF.
Queirolo, Valeria <1981>. "Caratterizzazione e ruolo di PKCε e PKCδ in modelli di differenziamento megacariocitario normale e patologico". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6757/.
Texto completoProtein kinases C (PKC) are known to be ubiquitously distributed and to have pleiotropic effects. Isoforms epsilon (PKCε) and delta (PKCδ) are involved in the regulation of cell growth, survival and differentiation; in particular, they have been also investigated for their role in the hematopoiesis and in aberrant processes of differentiation along the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages. In this PhD thesis, the results of an in vitro study about the role of these two kinases in models of megakaryocytic (MK) differentiation, both normal and pathological, are presented. The observations about PKCε and PKCδ kinetics show how these proteins have a specific modulation during the MK differentiation that results in an opposite pattern of expression and, in the murine model if compared with the human model, also a reciprocal one. In particular, in human megakaryocytopoiesis, PKCε results down-modulated, whereas in mouse its levels increase. Instead, PKCδ shows a high and steady expression in maturing CD34+ MK committed, but it is strongly down-modulated during the latest phases of platelet maturation in the murine model. The study also elucidates the different pathways PKCε and PKCδ work through, being an inhibitory action of PKCε on RhoA during proplatelets (ppt) formation in the mouse model while, in the human MK differentiation, platelets production is regulated by PKCδ through Bcl-xL. In this dissertation it is also demonstrated how in an aberrant megakaryocytopoiesis, as in the pathologic model of primary myeloproliferative neoplasm (PMF), PKCε is strongly deregulated and it results in an altered Bcl-xL expression. A forced down-modulation of this kinase restores a normal MK differentiation and ppt maturation. Therefore, the data presented show that PKCε and PKCδ play a key role in proper megakaryocyte maturation and that PKCε could be a potential new therapeutic target for PMF.
Lotti, Nicola. "Modelli neurali per lo studio dei gangli della base e delle patologie correlate". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7229/.
Texto completoCantu', A. P. "UN MODELLO DI RETE PER LA GESTIONE INTEGRATA DELLA PATOLOGIA DIABETICA". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/232589.
Texto completoLOFARO, FRANCESCO DEMETRIO. "Il ruolo del microambiente nei meccanismi patologici delle calcificazioni ectopiche: approfondimenti genetici e cellulari dal modello Pseudoxanthoma elastiscum". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1278837.
Texto completoEctopic calcification (EC) is a progressive deposition of calcium-phosphate salts actively involving cells and the extracellular matrix. Aberrant mineralization is responsible for the severe impairment of the mechanical properties of soft connective tissues and takes place in several acquired and genetic conditions. Despite the number of studies performed so far, the following issues are still unresolved: 1) the genetic complexity and heterogeneity of EC; 2) the role of mesenchymal cells and/or of the extracellular environment in modulating mineral deposition; 3) the identification of molecular pathogenetic pathways; 4) the mechanisms controlling the localization of mineral deposits in specific areas within a tissue. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disorder characterized by a progressive mineralization of elastic fibers within soft connective tissues, being considered a paradigm of EC diseases, is frequently used as a model to understand the complexity of EC. Rare pathogenic sequence variants in the ABCC6 gene are mostly responsible for the onset of PXE. A large cohort of Italian PXE patients was retrospectively investigated to better evaluate the occurrence of clinical manifestations (from the most frequent affecting skin, eyes, and the cardiovascular system, to the less frequent as stroke, gastrointestinal hemorrhages, and nephrolithiasis) depending also on age, gender, and type of mutations. Moreover, to improve PXE patients’ counselling, the clinical score system (i.e., Phenodex index), was updated by adding ophthalmological findings, which characterize either very early or late manifestations. Since, it has been proposed that the heterogeneity of the PXE phenotype can be related to modifiers genes, whole exome sequencing analysis were performed on several PXE patients. Data highlighted the: i) occurrence of a digenic inheritance of ABCC6 and GGCX or of ABCC6 and ENPP1; ii) presence of pathogenic variants in inherited retinal diseases genes (i.e., ABCC4, IMPG1), thus widening the spectrum of genes potentially involved in the disease progression; iii) involvement of genes contributing to the assembly, maintenance and stability of elastic fibers which create a more favorable local environment to mineral deposition and iv) participation of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. Consistently, by a multidisciplinary approach, it was demonstrated that PXE mitochondria were morphologically modified and characterized by an altered proteome affecting redox balance, oxidative phosphorylation, and calcium homeostasis. Moreover, the mitochondrial-dependent oxidative stress can lead to the activation of SMAD signaling pathways as inducer of the expression of calcifying genes. This pathway was also investigated in control skin and in both clinically affected (CAS) and unaffected (CUS) PXE skin biopsies from the same patient. Compared to control skin, SMAD signaling was activated in PXE regardless of the skin area (i.e., CUS or CAS). However, the activated SMAD signaling is not sufficient to induce the calcification of elastic fiber, because CUS elastic fibers appear degraded, but not calcified, suggesting that additional local factors can contribute to the pro-osteogenic environment. An in vitro model system was therefore fine-tuned to investigate the mineralization of elastin fibrillar structures hydrolyzed and incubated in cell-free environmental milieu of different ionic composition. Results demonstrated that mineral deposition on insoluble elastin depends on type of hydrolysis, on the presence of specific ionic species and on their concentration, thus explaining why, in vivo, non-calcified and calcified elastic fibers can coexist within the same tissue.
MANSTRETTA, VALENTINA. "ASCOPORE PRODUCTION, DISPERSAL AND SURVIVAL IN FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6534.
Texto completoFusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight of small-grain cereals. The fungus produces conidia and ascospores on the previous crop residues, ascospores are formed in perithecia. Production and maturation of perithecia and ascospores at several temperature and relative humidity conditions were studied. As environmental conditions also influence the moisture content of the substrate on which inoculum is produced, the relationship between environmental factors and moisture of maize residues was assessed. Environmental factors also influence ascospore discharge. The effect of temperature was studied in vitro. Experiments in natural condition allowed to define rules for conditions leading to ascospore discharge, based on rain and vapor pressure deficit. Once discharged, the distribution of ascospores and conidia in the wheat canopy was studied using passive spore traps. Ascospores can be discharged and deposit on wheat spikes also in conditions that are unfavorable for germination. Germination of ascospores incubated in dryness for periods of several length, in several condition of temperature and relative humidity during dryness, was studied both in vitro and in planta.
MANSTRETTA, VALENTINA. "ASCOPORE PRODUCTION, DISPERSAL AND SURVIVAL IN FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6534.
Texto completoFusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight of small-grain cereals. The fungus produces conidia and ascospores on the previous crop residues, ascospores are formed in perithecia. Production and maturation of perithecia and ascospores at several temperature and relative humidity conditions were studied. As environmental conditions also influence the moisture content of the substrate on which inoculum is produced, the relationship between environmental factors and moisture of maize residues was assessed. Environmental factors also influence ascospore discharge. The effect of temperature was studied in vitro. Experiments in natural condition allowed to define rules for conditions leading to ascospore discharge, based on rain and vapor pressure deficit. Once discharged, the distribution of ascospores and conidia in the wheat canopy was studied using passive spore traps. Ascospores can be discharged and deposit on wheat spikes also in conditions that are unfavorable for germination. Germination of ascospores incubated in dryness for periods of several length, in several condition of temperature and relative humidity during dryness, was studied both in vitro and in planta.
Turba, Maria Elena <1978>. "Studio, mediante applicazioni biotecnologiche, di tre diversi modelli spontanei o indotti di patologie del sistema nervoso". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/31/1/Tesi_Dottorato_Turba_Maria_Elena.pdf.
Texto completoTurba, Maria Elena <1978>. "Studio, mediante applicazioni biotecnologiche, di tre diversi modelli spontanei o indotti di patologie del sistema nervoso". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/31/.
Texto completoStodola, Martin. "Deformačně-napěťová analýza patologického kyčelního kloubu". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228324.
Texto completoKAPAJ, ARMELA. "Effetti di ceppi selezionati di probiotici su modelli di cellule epiteiali in vitro". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11697/162697.
Texto completoIacoviello, Linda. "Ruolo delle subpopolazioni leucocitarie valutate in citofluorimetria in modelli clinici di patologia infiammatoria cronica genitale maschile e femminile". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3914.
Texto completoSilveira, Graciele Paraguaia 1982. "Aplicação da teoria de conjuntos fuzzy na predição do estadiamento patologico do cancer de prostata". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/307576.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T14:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silveira_GracieleParaguaia_M.pdf: 1619969 bytes, checksum: 570ad2c7d6e368e955ded50b3177ab52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O aumento da incidência de casos de câncer de próstata, nos últimos anos, é um importante problema de saúde pública e um desafio para a ciência médica. Nesta dissertação estudamos a construção de um modelo matemático, que foi desenvolvido para predizer o estadiamento patológico do câncer de próstata. A intenção é auxiliar o especialista no processo de tomada de decisão, com relação ao estágio da doença. O modelo consiste num sistema baseado em regras fuzzy, que combina os dados pré-cirúrgicos - estado clínico, nível de PSA e grau de Gleason - valendo-se de um conjunto de regras, de natureza lingüística, elaborado a partir das informações presentes nos nomogramas já existentes. Com isso esperava-se obter, na saída do sistema, a chance de o indivíduo, com determinado quadro clínico, estar em cada estágio de extensão do tumor: localizado, localmente avançado e metastático. Foram feitas simulações, com dados de pacientes do Hospital das Clínicas/UNICAMP. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com as probabilidades de Kattan et al, que embora sejam utilizadas nas decisões médicas, são consideradas pessimistas, em relação ao estágio da doença. Com o objetivo de aproximar os resultados, da realidade vivida pelos pacientes, efetuamos algumas modificações na modelagem. Tais mudanças foram suficientes para deixar os resultados mais otimistas e, portanto, mais realísticos
Abstract: The increase of the incidence of prostate cancer is a important problem of public health and a challenge to medical science. In this dissertation, we studied the construction of a mathematical model wich it was developed to predict the pathologic stage of prostate cancer. The intention is to help specialist on the decision process about stage of the disease. The model consists on a system founded in fuzzy laws that it combine the pre-surgicals dates - clinic state, PSA levels and Gleason score - availing of a linguistic laws set made with base on informations of the existents nomograms. Herewith we were hoping to ger person's chance, with clinics characteristics determinates, is in each stage of tumor extension: localized, advanced locally and metastatic. Simulations were made with patient's dates of the Clinics Hospital / UNICAMP. The results were compared with Kattan's probabilities that are used on the medicals decisions. However this probabilities to the disease are considered pessimists. With the aim of approach the results and the reality lived by patients, we did some modifications on the model. This changes were enough to became the results more otimists and therefore more realistics
Mestrado
Biomatematica
Mestre em Matemática Aplicada
ATZERI, ANGELA. "Attività antiossidante dei capsinoidi in diversi modelli sperimentali di stress ossidativo". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/265957.
Texto completoBOVE, FEDERICA. "Sviluppo di un modello di simulazione delle epidemie di peronospora su foglie e grappoli di varietà di vite resistenti". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/57899.
Texto completoThe present dissertation aims to explore the effects of partial resistance on grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) epidemics. A theoretical simulation model was developed including host dynamics and main phases of the disease, from inoculum mobilisation to disease multiplication on foliage, and to infection of clusters. The response to P. Viticola infection was studied for 16 grapevine varieties through (monocyclic) inoculation experiments, by measuring components of partial resistance: infection frequency, duration of latent period, size of lesions, production of sporangia, duration of infectious period, and infectivity of sporangia produced on lesion. Components of partial resistance were incorporated into the model and their effects on the (polycyclic) epidemic were investigated accross different scenarios. Components of partial resistance showed different effectiveness on the suppression of epidemics, infection efficiency and spore production having the strongest impact on the overall field resistance response. This approach is an useful tool for phenotyping studies on host plant resistance and for anticipating the performance of a genotype at the field scale, that otherwise is difficult and time requiring due to the perennial nature of grapevine.
BOVE, FEDERICA. "Sviluppo di un modello di simulazione delle epidemie di peronospora su foglie e grappoli di varietà di vite resistenti". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/57899.
Texto completoThe present dissertation aims to explore the effects of partial resistance on grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) epidemics. A theoretical simulation model was developed including host dynamics and main phases of the disease, from inoculum mobilisation to disease multiplication on foliage, and to infection of clusters. The response to P. Viticola infection was studied for 16 grapevine varieties through (monocyclic) inoculation experiments, by measuring components of partial resistance: infection frequency, duration of latent period, size of lesions, production of sporangia, duration of infectious period, and infectivity of sporangia produced on lesion. Components of partial resistance were incorporated into the model and their effects on the (polycyclic) epidemic were investigated accross different scenarios. Components of partial resistance showed different effectiveness on the suppression of epidemics, infection efficiency and spore production having the strongest impact on the overall field resistance response. This approach is an useful tool for phenotyping studies on host plant resistance and for anticipating the performance of a genotype at the field scale, that otherwise is difficult and time requiring due to the perennial nature of grapevine.
MAROLDA, ROBERTA. "Effetto antiamiloidogenico della Sostanza P in un modello apoptotico di granuli cerebellari: possibili implicazioni nella patologia di Alzheimer". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/209099.
Texto completoSubstance P (SP) is an 11-aa neuropeptide, member of the tachykinins (TK) family, broadly distributed in the central nervous system and having a functional role both in physiological and pathological conditions, as in neurodegenerative diseases (Raffa, 1998, Severini et al., 2002). Altered levels of SP have been observed in the cortical regions of post-mortem brain tissues from patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Quigley and Kowall, 1991; Waters and Davis, 1997). Recently, a consistent SP reduction in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia and cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients was reported, indicating a possible role of SP in the progression of this disease. On the basis of the in vitro and in vivo results demonstrating the involvement of SP in neuroprotection, we used CGCs in low K+ conditions. In this model, CGCs undergo to apoptotic cell death with activation of amyloidogenic processing of APP, mimicking molecular mechanisms that occur in vivo in AD. Recent data demonstrated that drugs that can regulate the processing of APP towards the non-amyloidogenic pathway (ADAM) may have a therapeutic potential in AD. Aim of the present work was to assess the possible effects of SP on proteolytic processing of APP, with particular interest towards the α-secretase pathway. Data of the present work demonstrate that SP, at a concentration of 200nM, protects CGCs against apoptotic cell death induced by low K+ conditions, significantly reduces the extracellular fibrils production and levels of intracellular Aβ1-42. In addiction, we demonstrate that SP increases α-secretase activity, through the secretion of the neuroprotective soluble fragment APPα, induces the activation of α-secretase enzymatic activity, ADAM 9 gene and protein expression, ADAM 10 maturation, without influencing the precursor protein expression of Aβ (APP) and of BACE 1, the enzyme involved in the amylodogenic processing of APP. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that SP, by activating the non-amyloidogenic processing of APP, may have a therapeutic potential as disease-modifying agent in AD.
Motta, Adriana Costa da. "Patologia molecular dos tumores mamário caninos : expressão de marcadores prognósticos e mioepiteliais". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15231.
Texto completoPrognostic markers in mastology have been used as diagnostic support, to predict the behavior of mammary neoplasias (prognosis) and to determine their possible response to treatment before or after surgery. Studies have been conducted on the prognosis of canine mammary gland tumors (MGTs), which show similarities to and differences from human breast tumors. In addition, these tumors often show proliferation of myoepithelial cells, which may undergo metaplasia, accompanied by molecular alterations. The aim of the present study was to check the immunohistochemical expression and the association between different markers used as prognostic factors in human breast tumors (ER, RP, c-erbB-2 and Ki-67) and myoepithelial markers (p63, CK5 and vimentin) in MGTs. The first article analyzes the expression of these markers in 35 tumors in 11 female dogs, where multiple tumors were identified in the mammary glands. Each histological type analyzed in the female dogs with multiple tumors expressed prognostic and myoepithelial markers that were peculiar to their histogenesis, but the association of this expression was observed only in some cell types of MGTs. Tumors with a carcinomatous epithelial component did not have significant differences, but tumors with complex and mixed components showed association between the expressions of p63, CK5 and vimentin. Of the group of investigated markers, p63 and CK5 proved to be promising tools in elucidating the transformation of myoepithelial cells concomitantly to tumor invasion and in terms of vimentin expression, which was quite pronounced in this transformation from proliferating myoepithelial cells into cells that participate in the mesenchyma of the invasive neoplasia in canine mammary glands, at least with regard to the aspects of molecular and morphological expression. The second article analyzes myoepithelial markers in 82 cases of malignant MGTs. This study corroborated the frequency and association of the expression of these markers in certain histological tumor and cell types, allowing for the identification of myoepithelial cells in transformation in most malignant MGTs, chiefly those with a metaplastic mesenchymal component. Further studies are necessary in order to assess the importance of expression found in the biological behavior of these tumors.
CRISTALDI, Laura. "I centenari, modello di invecchiamento di successo e la malattia di Alzheimer, modello di invecchiamento senza successo". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/395450.
Texto completoCalamaio, Serena. "hiPS-derived differentiated cells for modelling human development and disease". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Brescia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11379/559018.
Texto completoThe discovery of hiPSCs made them an appropriate and compelling candidates for disease modelling and personalized cell therapies. The employment of hiPSCs could be a very important tool to better understand pathologies poorly characterized as the ultrarare Cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome (CSCF). CSCF is a multifactorial syndrome that causes many dysfunctions at the expense of multiple organs. We reported the reprogramming and characterization of a new hiPSC line registered as UNIBS17-A, derived from a patient’s fibroblasts, who was diagnosed for cardiospondylofacial syndrome derived from a de novo mutation c.737-7A>G. We used the Sendai virus as vector for introducing OSKM factors. We obtained a new stable hiPSC line with pluripotent features able to differentiate in the three germs layers, that could be use in disease modelling. hiPSCs are a potential constant source of human cells, in particular hard-to-reach tissue cells such as cardiomyocytes. One of the major limitation in the use of hiPSC for disease modelling is their maturation status. We investigated the expression of the inhibitory isoform of the troponin complex. Our study demonstrates that hi-CMs never fully acquire an adult phenotype, indeed the adult isoform of the inhibitory troponin (cTnI) starts to appear, but the fetal isoform of the inhibitory troponin (ssTnI) is never switch-off both in molecular and protein level, even when cells are cultured for long periods (90 days). Alongside the analysis of hi-CMs maturation, another factor of interest in research is the development of new easily applicable and non-invasive methods to investigate the functionality of hi-CMs in vitro. Here we reported an imaging method that, by exploiting an algorithm (previously described), allow us to monitor the kinetic and dynamic properties of cells over time, without perturbing them. This analysis allows us to monitor frequency, contractility, kinetic energy and force of contraction developed by the hi-CMs kept in culture for 90 days. The data obtained show that the trend over time of the parameter considered in our study could be associated whit the inability of hi-CMs to reach a complete maturation stage. Finally, another hiPSCs field of great interest is to use 3D self-aggregates structure to improve the phenotype of hiPS-derived cells. We derived a 3D model of both spheroids and organoids to better simulate an environment comparable to the organism one. Furthermore, we used a bioreactor (LiveBox) to create a dynamic culture that, leading a continuous flow of nutrient, mimic the natural condition. Our results carried out that mimicking the organs’ characteristics leads cells to acquire a phenotype more similar of those in the human body. Further improvement will be needed, but likely, this system should be a good model on which performing hepatotoxicity test, with the aim of reducing the use of animal models in research.
Calamaio, Serena. "hiPS-derived differentiated cells for modelling human development and disease". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Brescia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11379/559021.
Texto completoThe discovery of hiPSCs made them an appropriate and compelling candidates for disease modelling and personalized cell therapies. The employment of hiPSCs could be a very important tool to better understand pathologies poorly characterized as the ultrarare Cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome (CSCF). CSCF is a multifactorial syndrome that causes many dysfunctions at the expense of multiple organs. We reported the reprogramming and characterization of a new hiPSC line registered as UNIBS17-A, derived from a patient’s fibroblasts, who was diagnosed for cardiospondylofacial syndrome derived from a de novo mutation c.737-7A>G. We used the Sendai virus as vector for introducing OSKM factors. We obtained a new stable hiPSC line with pluripotent features able to differentiate in the three germs layers, that could be use in disease modelling. hiPSCs are a potential constant source of human cells, in particular hard-to-reach tissue cells such as cardiomyocytes. One of the major limitation in the use of hiPSC for disease modelling is their maturation status. We investigated the expression of the inhibitory isoform of the troponin complex. Our study demonstrates that hi-CMs never fully acquire an adult phenotype, indeed the adult isoform of the inhibitory troponin (cTnI) starts to appear, but the fetal isoform of the inhibitory troponin (ssTnI) is never switch-off both in molecular and protein level, even when cells are cultured for long periods (90 days). Alongside the analysis of hi-CMs maturation, another factor of interest in research is the development of new easily applicable and non-invasive methods to investigate the functionality of hi-CMs in vitro. Here we reported an imaging method that, by exploiting an algorithm (previously described), allow us to monitor the kinetic and dynamic properties of cells over time, without perturbing them. This analysis allows us to monitor frequency, contractility, kinetic energy and force of contraction developed by the hi-CMs kept in culture for 90 days. The data obtained show that the trend over time of the parameter considered in our study could be associated whit the inability of hi-CMs to reach a complete maturation stage. Finally, another hiPSCs field of great interest is to use 3D self-aggregates structure to improve the phenotype of hiPS-derived cells. We derived a 3D model of both spheroids and organoids to better simulate an environment comparable to the organism one. Furthermore, we used a bioreactor (LiveBox) to create a dynamic culture that, leading a continuous flow of nutrient, mimic the natural condition. Our results carried out that mimicking the organs’ characteristics leads cells to acquire a phenotype more similar of those in the human body. Further improvement will be needed, but likely, this system should be a good model on which performing hepatotoxicity test, with the aim of reducing the use of animal models in research.
Calamaio, Serena. "hiPS-derived differentiated cells for modelling human development and disease". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Brescia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11379/559016.
Texto completoThe discovery of hiPSCs made them an appropriate and compelling candidates for disease modelling and personalized cell therapies. The employment of hiPSCs could be a very important tool to better understand pathologies poorly characterized as the ultrarare Cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome (CSCF). CSCF is a multifactorial syndrome that causes many dysfunctions at the expense of multiple organs. We reported the reprogramming and characterization of a new hiPSC line registered as UNIBS17-A, derived from a patient’s fibroblasts, who was diagnosed for cardiospondylofacial syndrome derived from a de novo mutation c.737-7A>G. We used the Sendai virus as vector for introducing OSKM factors. We obtained a new stable hiPSC line with pluripotent features able to differentiate in the three germs layers, that could be use in disease modelling. hiPSCs are a potential constant source of human cells, in particular hard-to-reach tissue cells such as cardiomyocytes. One of the major limitation in the use of hiPSC for disease modelling is their maturation status. We investigated the expression of the inhibitory isoform of the troponin complex. Our study demonstrates that hi-CMs never fully acquire an adult phenotype, indeed the adult isoform of the inhibitory troponin (cTnI) starts to appear, but the fetal isoform of the inhibitory troponin (ssTnI) is never switch-off both in molecular and protein level, even when cells are cultured for long periods (90 days). Alongside the analysis of hi-CMs maturation, another factor of interest in research is the development of new easily applicable and non-invasive methods to investigate the functionality of hi-CMs in vitro. Here we reported an imaging method that, by exploiting an algorithm (previously described), allow us to monitor the kinetic and dynamic properties of cells over time, without perturbing them. This analysis allows us to monitor frequency, contractility, kinetic energy and force of contraction developed by the hi-CMs kept in culture for 90 days. The data obtained show that the trend over time of the parameter considered in our study could be associated whit the inability of hi-CMs to reach a complete maturation stage. Finally, another hiPSCs field of great interest is to use 3D self-aggregates structure to improve the phenotype of hiPS-derived cells. We derived a 3D model of both spheroids and organoids to better simulate an environment comparable to the organism one. Furthermore, we used a bioreactor (LiveBox) to create a dynamic culture that, leading a continuous flow of nutrient, mimic the natural condition. Our results carried out that mimicking the organs’ characteristics leads cells to acquire a phenotype more similar of those in the human body. Further improvement will be needed, but likely, this system should be a good model on which performing hepatotoxicity test, with the aim of reducing the use of animal models in research.
Focarelli, M. L. "GENERAZIONE DI CELLULE STAMINALI PLURIPOTENTI INDOTTE E LORO CORREZIONE IN VITRO IN UN MODELLO MURINO DI OSTEOPETROSI". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/231159.
Texto completoMAZZOLA, CHIARA. "La regolazione del metabolismo in un modello in vitro di astrocity corticali: un meccanismo Ca2+-dipendente o Ca2+-independente?" Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3454110.
Texto completoAstrocytes are glial cells located in the central nervous system. They play several important roles, including synaptic signalling, neurotransmitter synthesis and recycling, control of nutrient uptake and neuronal survival. Calcium homeostasis is essential for astrocytes functions and for the correct bidirectional communication between astrocytes and neurons. Astrocytes are functionally compartmentalized, and calcium oscillations can occur in specific local microdomains. A change in astrocytic calcium microdomain activity influences the regulation of gliotransmitter release, a first crucial step in neuron to astrocytes signalling. In this context, mitochondria could play a pivotal role in shaping calcium waves and regulating cellular metabolism, at least in principle. However, the genuine contribution of mitochondrial calcium to astrocytes physiology is poorly investigated. Here, we study a possible link between mitochondrial calcium and metabolism. Our results show that star-shaped astrocytes represent a reasonable in vitro model for studying Ca2+ signalling and metabolic pathways. In our culture condition, astrocytes are metabolically flexible, being able to oxidize carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids. Thus, this supports the central role played by astrocytes in satisfying the brain energy demands. Indeed, in terms of Ca2+ signalling, ATP and glutamate cause similar cytosolic Ca2+ mobilization, but only ATP stimulates a consintent rise in [Ca2+] in mitochondrial matrix. Moreover, these stimuli are decoded differently at metabolic level. On the one hand, cellular stimulation with ATP selectively increases cytosolic glycolytic metabolism. On the other hand, cellular stimulation with glutamate boosts mitochondrial respiration, even in the absence of substantial mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this different metabolic coupling, we evaluated the contribution of the glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST, and showed that their pharmacological inhibition partially prevents the increase in mitochondrial respiration, but with limited impact on calcium dynamics. To further dissect the contribution of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake to astrocytic metabolism, we devised two different strategies, one based on the pharmacological inhibition of the MCU (Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter) complex, and the other based on the use of a mouse model carrying the monoallelic deletion of Mcu gene. Experiments performed in cortical astrocytes from Mcu+/- mice showed, as expected, lower mitochondrial calcium transients, but without major alterations in oxidative metabolism, suggesting a marginal role for matrix calcium elevations in this context. Overall, our results suggest that the astrocytes are cells with a complex and flexible metabolic profile. However, cellular and mitochondrial calcium dynamics play a minor role in this regulation, at least in our experimental settings.
PALMIERI, GRAZIANA. "Induzione di una risposta anticorpale e cellulare verso epitopi di HIV in modelli animali". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/803.
Texto completoThe formulation of a protective anti-HIV vaccine based on the used of sintetic HIV peptides is limited by their poor immunogenicity. Taking advantage of known immunomodulatory properties of BCG and identified immunogenic viral epitopes in an African sub-population (Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast and West-Camerun), we verified the induction of humoral and cellular response towards these epitopes. First of all we evaluated the potential toxicity of the product used by checking if the contemporary administration of these peptides with BCG or the administration of an HIV-peptide recombinant BCG could interfere with immunological response to BCG. We evaluated the adjuvant capabilities of wild-type BCG and of recombinant BCG both in a mouse and in non-human primate models to generate a pediatric vaccine against mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV virus through breast feeding.
PUGLISI, ANDREA. "Modello ortotopico di neuroblastoma: un valido approccio sperimentale per valutare in vivo l'efficacia dell'inibizione di p38MAPK nel sensibilizzare il neuroblastoma umano al trattamento con etoposide". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/931569.
Texto completoCILIBERTI, NICOLA. "BIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MODELLING OF BOTRYTIS CINEREA PERS.:FR., THE CAUSAL AGENT OF GREY MOULD IN GRAPEVINE". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6067.
Texto completoThe aims of this Doctoral work were: i) to investigate the effect of different environmental conditions on biology and epidemiology of B. cinerea strains belonging the two transposon types vacuma and transposa, and ii) develop a new weather-driven mechanistic model in order to predict risk of grey mould in vineyards from early growth of inflorescences to berry ripening. The effect of temperature, wetness duration and relative humidity on infection of Vitis vinifera inflorescences and berries was investigated by artificial inoculation of B. cinerea strains. The effect of temperature, water activity, relative humidity and grape berry composition on conidia germination, colony growth and conidial production was investigated in agar-medium. The results showed that the ability to cause infection was a strain rather than a transposon genotype attribute. Moreover, the general response to different environmental conditions is similar among different B. cinerea strains. Based on these data, equations were developed to account the combined effects of environmental factors on infection incidence, conidia germination, colony growth and conidial production. A new previsional model for Botrytis cinerea infections on grapevine was elaborated using the equations developed and following a mechanistic approach. The model was validated over a 6-year period (2009 to 2014) in 13 vineyards located in different grape-growing areas of Italy and France. The model is more complete than the others proposed in literature and represents an improvement to control grey mould in vineyards.
CILIBERTI, NICOLA. "BIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MODELLING OF BOTRYTIS CINEREA PERS.:FR., THE CAUSAL AGENT OF GREY MOULD IN GRAPEVINE". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6067.
Texto completoThe aims of this Doctoral work were: i) to investigate the effect of different environmental conditions on biology and epidemiology of B. cinerea strains belonging the two transposon types vacuma and transposa, and ii) develop a new weather-driven mechanistic model in order to predict risk of grey mould in vineyards from early growth of inflorescences to berry ripening. The effect of temperature, wetness duration and relative humidity on infection of Vitis vinifera inflorescences and berries was investigated by artificial inoculation of B. cinerea strains. The effect of temperature, water activity, relative humidity and grape berry composition on conidia germination, colony growth and conidial production was investigated in agar-medium. The results showed that the ability to cause infection was a strain rather than a transposon genotype attribute. Moreover, the general response to different environmental conditions is similar among different B. cinerea strains. Based on these data, equations were developed to account the combined effects of environmental factors on infection incidence, conidia germination, colony growth and conidial production. A new previsional model for Botrytis cinerea infections on grapevine was elaborated using the equations developed and following a mechanistic approach. The model was validated over a 6-year period (2009 to 2014) in 13 vineyards located in different grape-growing areas of Italy and France. The model is more complete than the others proposed in literature and represents an improvement to control grey mould in vineyards.
PINNA, SILVIA. "Analisi della struttura dei geni codificanti i recettori dell'ormone tiroideo in un modello di epatocancerogenesi sperimentale". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/265926.
Texto completoTRECATE, LETIZIA. "Epidemiologia e sviluppo di modelli per l'oidio e la peronospora del melone". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/35876.
Texto completoCucurbits are potentially affected by more than 200 diseases of diverse etiologies, so a good disease management is crucial to reduce the risk of high yield losses in terms of quantity and quality. Among the more important diseases there are powdery and downy mildew. Podosphaera xanthii and Golovinomyces cichoracearum are the causal agents of cucurbit powdery mildew. The effect of temperature on conidial germination was studied in controlled condition at 6 constant temperature (from 10 to 35°C, step 5°C) for 3 to 72 hours. Optima temperature for conidial germination, infection and sporulation were 24.4, 25.7 and 21.3°C respectively for P. xanthii and 17.9, 17.3 and 16.2°C for G. cichoracearum. A mechanistic model was developed for the risk posed by P. xanthii and G. cichoracearum to cause cucurbit powdery mildew. The model simulates germination on infected leaves on the base of environmental conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Equation regulating spore germination of both fungi were developed using published data. Another mechanistic model was develop also for Pseudoperonospora cubensis, causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew. The model calculates the symptoms appearance and the probability of overtaking severity threshold based on sub-processes of infection. Changes from one state of the infection to the following one depend on environmental conditions. Both models were validated by comparing model outputs with independent data sets collected in fields located in the north of Italy.
TRECATE, LETIZIA. "Epidemiologia e sviluppo di modelli per l'oidio e la peronospora del melone". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/35876.
Texto completoCucurbits are potentially affected by more than 200 diseases of diverse etiologies, so a good disease management is crucial to reduce the risk of high yield losses in terms of quantity and quality. Among the more important diseases there are powdery and downy mildew. Podosphaera xanthii and Golovinomyces cichoracearum are the causal agents of cucurbit powdery mildew. The effect of temperature on conidial germination was studied in controlled condition at 6 constant temperature (from 10 to 35°C, step 5°C) for 3 to 72 hours. Optima temperature for conidial germination, infection and sporulation were 24.4, 25.7 and 21.3°C respectively for P. xanthii and 17.9, 17.3 and 16.2°C for G. cichoracearum. A mechanistic model was developed for the risk posed by P. xanthii and G. cichoracearum to cause cucurbit powdery mildew. The model simulates germination on infected leaves on the base of environmental conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Equation regulating spore germination of both fungi were developed using published data. Another mechanistic model was develop also for Pseudoperonospora cubensis, causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew. The model calculates the symptoms appearance and the probability of overtaking severity threshold based on sub-processes of infection. Changes from one state of the infection to the following one depend on environmental conditions. Both models were validated by comparing model outputs with independent data sets collected in fields located in the north of Italy.
Mendes, Judite Sofia Nunes. "Capacitação do enfermeiro na adesão ao regime terapêutico da criança em idade escola, com patologia do foro urológico". Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/15786.
Texto completoA elaboração do presente relatório surge no âmbito do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem, na Área de Especialização em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica, da Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa. O percurso formativo e profissional desenvolvido revestiram-se de importância preponderante para a aquisição, atualização de conhecimentos e desenvolvimento de competências de Enfermeiro Especialista em Saúde Infantil e Pediatria (EESIP). O presente documento pretende sintetizar as experiências vividas nos diferentes contextos de estágio, procurando fazer a ponte entre o planeado e as atividades efetivamente realizadas para o desenvolvimento de um Programa de Intervenção Terapêutica em Enfermagem direcionado para os profissionais da Unidade de ORL/Urologia do Hospital de Dona Estefânia. O tema transversal ao percurso desenvolvido foi o da Adesão ao Regime Terapêutico da criança com patologia do foro Urológico. Contudo, foi sofrendo adaptações conforme as necessidades dos diferentes contextos de estágio. A escolha do tema resultou de um conjunto de fatores, nomeadamente interesse pessoal e do diagnóstico de situação realizada na unidade de ORL/Urologia. A adesão ao regime terapêutico é um foco de atenção de enfermagem, e a compreensão deste fenómeno é importante para o exercício de funções. Para aumentar os níveis de adesão na criança, é fundamental conhecer os fatores que influenciam o fenómeno e as estratégias promotoras do comportamento de adesão. O EESIP tem um papel fundamental de intervenção nesta problemática, devendo desenvolver estratégias promotoras de saúde, reduzindo o impacto da doença crónica na criança e família. A metodologia de trabalho incorporou a análise reflexiva e crítica sobre o exercício profissional, a evidência científica e as situações vivenciadas ao longo dos estágios, permitindo identificar problemas e tomar decisões, implementando intervenções direcionadas e aplicáveis aos diferentes contextos. O percurso da formanda apoiou-se no referencial teórico do Modelo de Dorothea Orem – Teoria do Défice de Autocuidado.
Tiozzo, Fasiolo Roberta. "STUDI SPERIMENTALI SUL MECCANISMO DELLA DISTROFIA DA MUTAZIONE A CARICO DEI GENI CODIFICANTI PER IL COLLAGENE VI". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427564.
Texto completoLe mutazioni dei geni che codificano per le subunità del collagene VI sono una delle cause delle patologie muscolari ereditarie umane che si manifestano come la Miopatia di Bethlem (BM), la Distrofia Muscolare Congenita di Ullrich (UCMD) e la Miosclerosi Congenita (CM). Basandosi sull’alto grado di eterogeneità e di parziale sovrapposizione tra di loro, è stato proposto che questi disordini possano rappresentare un “continuum” clinico piuttosto che entità strettamente separate, e che ci possa essere un più ampio spettro di disordini connessi al collagene VI. Nonostante i grandi progressi nella comprensione delle loro basi genetiche, la patogenesi molecolare rimane ancora in parte sconosciuta. Come nel caso di molti difetti genetici, la creazione di animali transgenici può essere la chiave per comprendere la fisiopatologia e per mettere a punto, e testare, potenziali terapie. Molti anni fa (Bonaldo et al, 1998) è stato creato un topo mutante con inattivazione mirata del gene COL6A1, che codifica per la catena 1(VI). In assenza della catena 1(VI), il collagene non è assemblato e non è secreto nella matrice extracellulare, e pertanto il topo omozigote mutante (Col6a1-/-) perde il collagene VI nei suoi tessuti. I topi sono affetti da un disordine miopatico ad esordio precoce con debolezza e cambiamenti istologici del muscolo scheletrico. I muscoli del Col6a1-/- perdono forza contrattile e mostrano alterazioni ultrastrutturali a livello del reticolo sarcoplasmatico (SR), dei mitocondri e apoptosi spontanea. E’ presente una disfunzione mitocondriale latente nelle miofibre che si può evidenziare con incubazione con oligomicina, inibitore della F1F0-ATPasi, che causa depolarizzazione mitocondriale, de-regolazione del Ca2+ e aumento dell’apoptosi. Questi difetti sono reversibili, e possono essere normalizzati piastrando le fibre muscolari di Col6a1-/- su collagene VI o somministrando cisclosporina A (CsA), un inibitore del poro di transizione di permeabilità mitocondriale (PTP). Le miopatie dovute al collagene VI, sia umane che negli animali, possono essere efficacemente trattate con tale farmaco che agisce a valle della lesione patogenetica (Irwin et al, 2003 e Merlini et al, 2008). Così queste osservazioni portano ad ipotizzare che la mancanza del collagene VI causa un aumento dell’apertura del PTP ma non è ancora noto per mezzo di quale via di segnale. Un importante partner del collagene VI è il proteoglicano NG2. In particolare, ci sono prove che NG2 si leghi al collagene VI attraverso un interazione proteina-proteina (Tillet et al, 1997). NG2 può essere considerato un importante mediatore dell’interazione collagene VI-sarcolemma e il venir meno di questa relazione potrebbe avere un ruolo nella patogenesi delle distrofie di Bethlem e Ullrich. Sappiamo inoltre che modificazioni nella distribuzione superficiale di NG2 porta ad un parallelo cambiamento nella distribuzione del collagene VI (Nishiyama et al,1997). L’interazione NG2-collagene VI può essere importante nell’organizzazione della matrice, per il legame delle cellule alla matrice, per determinare la morfologia cellulare in risposta alla matrice, e per la trasduzione del segnale transmembrana. Per chiarire l’importanza di NG2 per la funzione e la struttura muscolare, sono stati studiati muscoli di topi con mutazione di NG2. Lo scopo dello studio è la caratterizzazione fenotipica comparativa (in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro) di Col6a1-/- and NG2-/- e la valutazione delle differenze tra i due modelli per comprendere se la mancanza di queste proteine porti ad un simile danno nella fibra muscolare. Si è proceduto dapprima a saggiare l’integrità della membrana con il colorante vitale blue Evans che permette di rilevare, evidenziandole con colorazione blu, le fibre muscolari il cui sarcolemma ha subito un danno. Poi, si è passati quindi all’analisi dei parametri funzionali della contrazione muscolare in vivo quali: - sviluppo di forza (Grip test) - sviluppo della forza massimale del gastrocnemio stimolato per via nervosa. Successivamente è stata effettuata una valutazione ex vivo: - meccanica dei muscoli interi diaframma, EDL e soleo - elettroforesi delle proteine muscolari - analisi istochimiche di gastrocnemio e tibiale. Infine per avere un quadro completo si è continuata l’ indagine in vitro : - transienti di calcio su singole fibre di FDB - elettroforesi su singole fibre di FDB - analisi immunocitochimiche. I risultati di tali analisi hanno mostrato che i due fenotipi hanno solamente una parziale sovrapposizione e quindi NG2 non rappresenta l’unica via di mediazione della presenza del collagene VI. Il ruolo delle integrine richiede di essere esplorato.
Rodrigues, Obirajara. "A mudança paradigmática no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na disciplina de patologia: contribuição para a educação médica". reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2014. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/5095.
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Esta tese emerge de pesquisa no campo da educação médica, tendo como objeto de estudo o modelo pedagógico utilizado na Disciplina de Patologia do Curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG. O desenho metodológico proposto pela disciplina, busca otimizar o ensino de patologia para que este possa ser efetivo na formação do estudante de medicina, de acordo com os pressupostos das Competências e Habilidades das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN). Entretanto, a implementação de um modelo pedagógico requer avaliações, reflexões e a flexibilidade de reorientação do projeto. Adotando essa percepção, a tese apresentada como objetivo central, além de reflexões e inquietações quanto ao compromisso com a formação médica, avaliar a metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem proposta na Disciplina de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG na formação médica, sob a ótica das DCN. A coleta de dados ocorreu via questionário estruturado, respondido por 165 estudantes, que cursaram a disciplina nos anos de 2007 a 2009, após a implementação das mudanças na disciplina. Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados softwares específicos para construção do banco de dados e análise estatística. A análise foi realizada a partir de parâmetros da estatística descritiva, adotando-se medidas usuais de tendência central e de dispersão, e cálculos de frequência simples e relativos. Também se realizou a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP), técnica multivariada que permite resumir em um conjunto menor de fatores ou componentes, as questões respondidas pelos estudantes a respeito da avaliação da Disciplina de Patologia. A tese é constituída por três artigos científicos que abordam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem na educação médica, a partir da perspectiva de mudança de paradigma no modelo de ensino-aprendizagem na Disciplina de Patologia, do Curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG. Para tal, é desenvolvido um percurso teórico que se inicia com o primeiro artigo, que tem como objetivo promover uma reflexão sobre as mudanças no currículo médico a partir da aprovação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais em 2001. O segundo artigo, envolve uma interlocução acerca da relevância do modelo pedagógico desenvolvido na referida disciplina e os pressupostos do processo de aprendizagem revelados pela neurociência. O terceiro artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem proposta na Disciplina de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, e sua contribuição no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, a partir da percepção dos estudantes, sob a ótica das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Medicina. Subsequentemente, considerando a interlocução do referencial teórico e dos resultados obtidos junto aos acadêmicos, retomando o objetivo principal, é possível preconizar que a mesma, embasada no entendimento do organismo como sistema complexo, numa perspectiva de saúde integral, atendendo aos pressupostos das DCN, contribui para o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades essenciais para a formação médica.
This thesis is result of a medical education research being the object of study the pedagogical model used in the discipline of pathology of the medical course at the Federal University of Rio Grande - RS. The methodology pattern proposed by the mentioned discipline aims to optimize the teaching of pathology in order to be effective on medical students training, according to the assumptions of the National Curriculum Guidelines (NCG) Skills and Abilities. However, the implementation of a pedagogical model requires evaluations, reflections and a flexibility to review the proposed project. Adopting this perception, the thesis presented has as main objective not only reflections and concerns about the commitment to medical education but the evaluation of the teaching-learning methodology proposed in the Department of Pathology, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande regarding the medical training and considering the NCG. Using a structured questionnaire was collected the useful data. This set of questions was answered by 165 students taking this discipline during 2007-2009, after the implementation of changes in referred discipline. For the data analysis specific to construction of the database and statistical analysis software were used. The analysis was performed from the descriptive statistical parameters, adopting the usual measures of central tendency and dispersion calculations of simple and relative frequency. Moreover the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed, a multivariate technique that allows summarized in a smaller set of factors or components the questions answered by the students regarding the evaluation of the discipline of pathology. The thesis consists of three scientific papers that discuss the process of teaching-learning in medical education regarding a paradigm change in the teaching and learning model in the Department of Pathology, Medical School of the Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG. A theoretical path is developed beginning with the first article, which aims to promote reflection on the changes in the medical curriculum following the approval of the National Curriculum Guidelines in 2001. The second article involves a dialogue about the relevance of the pedagogical model developed in this discipline and assumptions of the learning process revealed by neuroscience. The third article aims to evaluate the teaching-learning methodology proposed in the Department of Pathology, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande-FURG, and a contribution to the teaching-learning process, considering the perception of the medical students, and taking into account the National Curriculum Guidelines for Medical School. Later, considering the dialogue of the theoretical framework and the results obtained from the students and resuming the main objective, it is possible to advocate that the dialogue based on the understanding of the body as a complex system focusing a complete health and following the assumptions of Curriculum Guidelines, contributes to develop essential competencies and skills for medical education.
PALOMBI, CECILIA. "Ruolo delle cellule T regolatorie in vitro e in vivo in un modello di colite autoimmune". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/876.
Texto completoCD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory (Treg) cells are a CD4(+) T cell subset involved in the control of the immune response. In vitro, murine CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells inhibit CD4(+)CD25(-) Th cell proliferation induced by anti-CD3 mAb in the presence of APCs. The addition of IL-4 to cocultured cells inhibits CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cell-mediated suppression. Since all cell types used in the coculture express the IL-4Ralpha chain, we used different combinations of CD4(+)CD25(-) Th cells, CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells, and APCs from wild-type IL-4Ralpha(+/+) or knockout IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice. Results show that the engagement of the IL-4Ralpha chain on CD4(+)CD25(-) Th cells renders these cells resistant to suppression. Moreover, the addition of IL-4 promotes proliferation of IL-4Ralpha(+/+)CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells, which preserve full suppressive competence. These findings support an essential role of IL-4 signaling for CD4(+)CD25(-) Th cell activation and indicate that IL-4-induced proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells is compatible with their suppressive activity. The transfert of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells from the spleen of normal mice to SCID recipient leads to the development of Th1-mediated colitis. CD4(+)CD45RB(low) Treg cells show to prevent the development of colitis. The transfert of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells from spleen of IL-4Ralpha-/-mice leads to the development colitis less seriously than CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells from spleen of IL-4Ralpha+/+ mice.
Nannini, Nazarena. "Chronic lung allograft dysfunction: clinical and experimental study". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424150.
Texto completoINTRODUZIONE Il trapianto di polmone è l’unica opzione terapeutica per alcune patologie polmonari terminali. Notevoli progressi sono stati fatti in questo ambito, tuttavia la sopravvivenza dell’organo dopo 5 anni è inferiore al 50%, principalmente a causa dello sviluppo del rigetto cronico. Il rigetto cronico si presenta in modo eterogeneo, in quanto può essere caratterizzato da una forma ostruttiva (sindrome della bronchiolite obliterante, BOS) o da una restrittiva (RAS). La BOS e il suo corrispondente aspetto istopatologico, la bronchiolite obliterante (BO), rappresentano la principale forma di rigetto cronico (~75%). L’eziologia e l’esatta patogenesi della BOS/BO non sono ancora state completamente chiarite in quanto diversi meccanismi immunitari sembrano essere coinvolti nel suo sviluppo e sembra essere la conseguenza di un processo indotto da meccanismi dipendenti/indipendenti dagli alloantigeni. Infatti, il ruolo dell’alloimmunità nello sviluppo della BOS/BO è stato dimostrato da tempo, mentre quello dell’autoimmunità è emerso solo recentemente. Pochi lavori sperimentali e clinici hanno dimostrato che il collagene V e la tubulina K-α1, modificati nel danno da ischemia e riperfusione, possono indurre la risposta autoimmune, sia umorale che cellulo-mediata. L’interleuchina17 (IL17), una citochina proinfiammatoria coinvolta in patologie autoimmuni ed infettive, è stata proposta recentemente come fattore cruciale nello sviluppo del rigetto cronico. Lo sviluppo di modelli animali, che subiscono una procedura trapiantologica analoga all’umana, risulta di grande importanza al fine di chiarire i meccanismi patogenetici legati allo sviluppo della BOS/BO, di identificare biomarcatori precoci e di provare l’efficacia di nuove terapie. Attualmente, due importanti aspetti vengono largamente discussi nei modelli di trapianto ortotopico nei roditori: 1) la riproducibilità della procedura chirurgica e 2) l’identificazione del migliore genotipo (inbred o outbred) per lo sviluppo di lesioni immunologiche simili a quelle umane. SCOPO DELLA RICERCA I principali obiettivi di questa ricerca sono stati: 1) sviluppo di un modello animale di trapianto ortotopico di polmone riproducibile con lesioni immunologiche simili a quelle umane, in particolare quelle tipiche del rigetto cronico; 2) verificare l’ipotesi che IL17/IL23 giochi un ruolo chiave nello sviluppo del rigetto cronico mediante uno studio scrupoloso nei modelli preclinici e in casi clinici emblematici. MATERIALI E METODI Due modelli animali sono stati utilizzati per eseguire il trapianto ortotopico di polmone (LT): il modello outbred (20 polmoni sinistri CD SPF sono stati trapiantati in VAF) e il modello inbred (32 polmoni sinistri di ratti Lewis sono stati trapiantati in Fisher 344). Esclusivamente i ratti con sopravvivenza a lungo termine (sacrificati 30 e 90 giorni dopo LT) sono stati studiati in modo approfondito dal punto di vista immunologico mediante: a) ricerca di anticorpi anti-donatore (DSA) mediante citometria a flusso sui campioni ematici; b) valutazione morfologica ed immunofenotipica di lesioni immunologiche acute e croniche sviluppatesi nel polmone trapiantato; c) analisi immunoistochimica e molecolare (PCR semiquantitativa) del meccanismo IL17/IL23 nell’organo trapiantato e nel BAL dei modelli animali e nelle biopsie transbronchiali di monitoraggio di due casi clinici emblematici di pazienti che hanno sviluppato la BO. RISULTATI La mortalità perioperatoria e la disfunzione precoce dell’organo trapiantato (entro le 24 ore) erano più elevate nel gruppo di animali outbred rispetto agli inbred (solo 2/20 ratti outbred sono sopravvissuti): uno presentava rigetto cellulare acuto (ACR) con coesistente BO precoce, l’altro un rigetto cronico tardivo. Nei primi 15 giorni dopo LT i topi inbred presentavano raramente lesioni immunologiche (solo 1/11: 9%) e si trattava di ACR lieve (A1B1). In questo periodo i polmoni trapiantati inbred mostravano danno da ischemia/riperfusione o infezioni. In 2/6 (33%) dei polmoni trapiantati inbred è stato riscontrato un importante ACR (≥A2B1) 30 giorni dopo LT. Il sacrificio a 90 giorni è risultato ottimale per lo sviluppo di lesioni immunologiche: ACR (≥A2B1) e BO (lesioni precoci e tardive) sono state riscontrate in 7/15 (46%) e 8/15 (53%) animali rispettivamente, indipendentemente dal trattamento di immunosoppressione. Gli animali con ACR o BO presentavano livelli di Ig DSA maggiori rispetto a quelli che non presentavano alcun segno di rigetto (rispettivamente 70% e 34% vs 13%). Una forte positività immunoistochimica per IL17 è stata riscontrata nei polmoni trapiantati dei topi inbred che avevano sviluppato ACR e BO. Non erano evidenti differenze significative nell’espressione di IL17 nelle cellule infiammatorie (macrofagi e linfociti) di polmoni inbred con ACR e BO, mentre è risultata maggiore nelle cellule epiteliali ed endoteliali di polmoni inbred con BO rispetto a quelli con ACR. Non è stata riscontrata positività nei polmoni di animali senza alcun segno di rigetto. L’espressione di IL23 era elevata sia in assenza che in presenza di rigetto. L’analisi molecolare dell’espressione di IL17 e IL23 nel BAL ha dimostrato maggiori livelli di mRNA nei polmoni trapiantati con ACR rispetto a quelli con BO. Tutte le biopsie di monitoraggio dei due casi emblematici caratterizzate da ACR e BO hanno mostrato un’elevata espressione di IL17 con lo stesso pattern riscontrato nel modello preclinico. CONCLUSIONI I ratti outbred, che potrebbero essere considerati più simili all’uomo data la loro diversità genetica, non possono essere considerati un modello riproducibile di LT a causa dell’elevata mortalità precoce. E’ stato sviluppato un modello riproducibile di rigetto acuto cellulare e cronico nei ratti inbred (da Lewis a Fisher 344) e il sacrificio 90 giorni dopo il trapianto è risultata la tempistica ottimale. IL17, notevolmente espressa nell’ACR e nella BO, è un mediatore cruciale nelle lesioni immunologiche post-trapianto e potrebbe rappresentare un importante target terapeutico nella trapiantologia clinica.
Dal, Pozzo Fabiana <1978>. "Virus animali come modello nello studio in vitro dell'attività di molecole antivirali: applicazioni future in medicina veterinaria e nei confronti di virus filogeneticamente correlati responsabili di patologie umane". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/531/1/dal_pozzo_fabiana_tesi.pdf.
Texto completoDal, Pozzo Fabiana <1978>. "Virus animali come modello nello studio in vitro dell'attività di molecole antivirali: applicazioni future in medicina veterinaria e nei confronti di virus filogeneticamente correlati responsabili di patologie umane". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/531/.
Texto completoCAFFI, TITO. "Epidemiology and modelling of grapevine downy mildey primary infections caused by Plasmopara viticola (Berk et Curt). Berlese et de Toni". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/769.
Texto completoThe heterothallic Oomycete Plasmopara viticola represents the causal agent of downy mildew of grapevine (Vitis spp.). The unique source of inoculum is represented by the overwintering sexual spores, originated by the fusion between anteridium and oogonium, so called oospores. Despite their critical impact on the epidemiology of this disease, knowledge about oospores presents some inconsistencies that are engaged in the present dissertation. Initially, the effect of water moistening the grape leaf litter holding overwintering P. viticola oospores was investigated. A close relationship was found between vapour pressure deficit (VPD in hPa) and aW (water activity) of the leaf litter, so that when VPD is lower than 2.13 hPa there is sufficient water for oospores to develop. Results showed that moisture of the leaf litter due to the water flow from the atmosphere makes the oospore development possible also during non rainy periods. Then, the effects of environmental conditions on the variability in germination dynamics of Plasmopara viticola oospores were studied over five years. The germination course was determined indirectly as the relative infection incidence (RII) occurring on grape leaf discs kept in contact with oospores sampled from a vineyard between March and July. The time elapsed between the 1st of January and the infection occurrence was expressed as physiological time, using sums of hourly rates from a temperature-dependent function only in hours when VPD was not a limiting factor (hydro-thermal time, HT). The Gompertz equation calculated over hydro-thermal time produced a consistent modelling of the general relationships between the germination dynamics of a population of P. viticola oospores and weather conditions. It represents the relative density of the seasonal oospores that should have produced sporangia when they have experienced favourable conditions for germination. Finally, a dynamic model for Plasmopara viticola primary infections on grapevine was elaborated according to a mechanistic approach. Development of the sexual stage of the pathogen was split into different state variables, in which changes from one state to another were regulated by rates depending on environmental conditions. The conceptual model was based on the definition of a primary inoculum season, a seasonal oospore (inoculum) dose, and its division into many coeval cohorts. Each cohort progresses along the primary infection cycle (production and survival of sporangia, release, survival and dispersal of zoospores, infection, appearance of disease symptoms) simultaneously, with a time step of one hour. The model was evaluated by comparing model predictions with disease onset in: i) 100 vineyards of Northern, Southern and Insular Italy (1995 to 2007); ii) 42 groups of potted grapevine plants exposed to inoculum (2006 to 2008). Most of the wrong positive predictions occurred in early season, when the host was in the earlier growth stages, or when the oospore germination was triggered by isolated weak rain events. Considering that neither calibration nor empirical adjustment of model parameters were necessary to obtain accurate simulation, it was concluded that this model produces a reasonable approximation of the primary infection processes underlying oospore development. A warning system based on such a model and on short-term weather forecasts was developed and its use was evaluated in experimental vineyards over a 3-year period in North Italy. An unsprayed control was compared with a “warning” treatment (fungicides were applied when the warning system predicted an infection), a “threshold” treatment (fungicides were applied as in the warning treatment, but only for the oospore cohorts higher than a fixed threshold), and the grower’s schedule. Average efficacy in decreasing disease incidence on leaves compared to the unsprayed control was > 90% for all treatments. On the average, 6.8 sprays were applied following the grower’s schedule; use of the warning system reduced applications by about one half (warning treatment) or two third (threshold treatment). The grower’s schedule was the most expensive control strategy, with average of 337 €/ha; the average saving was 174 and 224 €/ha for the warning and the threshold treatments, respectively. The value of this dissertation consists in two relevant and connected aspects. From one side the studies performed on the oospore maturation and germination allowed to better understand and clarify a key point of the downy mildew epidemics still wrapped by a lack of information. From the other side the model elaborated during this thesis represents a practical and efficient tool that leads to the reduction both of growers’ costs and chemical input in the environment.
CAFFI, TITO. "Epidemiology and modelling of grapevine downy mildey primary infections caused by Plasmopara viticola (Berk et Curt). Berlese et de Toni". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/769.
Texto completoThe heterothallic Oomycete Plasmopara viticola represents the causal agent of downy mildew of grapevine (Vitis spp.). The unique source of inoculum is represented by the overwintering sexual spores, originated by the fusion between anteridium and oogonium, so called oospores. Despite their critical impact on the epidemiology of this disease, knowledge about oospores presents some inconsistencies that are engaged in the present dissertation. Initially, the effect of water moistening the grape leaf litter holding overwintering P. viticola oospores was investigated. A close relationship was found between vapour pressure deficit (VPD in hPa) and aW (water activity) of the leaf litter, so that when VPD is lower than 2.13 hPa there is sufficient water for oospores to develop. Results showed that moisture of the leaf litter due to the water flow from the atmosphere makes the oospore development possible also during non rainy periods. Then, the effects of environmental conditions on the variability in germination dynamics of Plasmopara viticola oospores were studied over five years. The germination course was determined indirectly as the relative infection incidence (RII) occurring on grape leaf discs kept in contact with oospores sampled from a vineyard between March and July. The time elapsed between the 1st of January and the infection occurrence was expressed as physiological time, using sums of hourly rates from a temperature-dependent function only in hours when VPD was not a limiting factor (hydro-thermal time, HT). The Gompertz equation calculated over hydro-thermal time produced a consistent modelling of the general relationships between the germination dynamics of a population of P. viticola oospores and weather conditions. It represents the relative density of the seasonal oospores that should have produced sporangia when they have experienced favourable conditions for germination. Finally, a dynamic model for Plasmopara viticola primary infections on grapevine was elaborated according to a mechanistic approach. Development of the sexual stage of the pathogen was split into different state variables, in which changes from one state to another were regulated by rates depending on environmental conditions. The conceptual model was based on the definition of a primary inoculum season, a seasonal oospore (inoculum) dose, and its division into many coeval cohorts. Each cohort progresses along the primary infection cycle (production and survival of sporangia, release, survival and dispersal of zoospores, infection, appearance of disease symptoms) simultaneously, with a time step of one hour. The model was evaluated by comparing model predictions with disease onset in: i) 100 vineyards of Northern, Southern and Insular Italy (1995 to 2007); ii) 42 groups of potted grapevine plants exposed to inoculum (2006 to 2008). Most of the wrong positive predictions occurred in early season, when the host was in the earlier growth stages, or when the oospore germination was triggered by isolated weak rain events. Considering that neither calibration nor empirical adjustment of model parameters were necessary to obtain accurate simulation, it was concluded that this model produces a reasonable approximation of the primary infection processes underlying oospore development. A warning system based on such a model and on short-term weather forecasts was developed and its use was evaluated in experimental vineyards over a 3-year period in North Italy. An unsprayed control was compared with a “warning” treatment (fungicides were applied when the warning system predicted an infection), a “threshold” treatment (fungicides were applied as in the warning treatment, but only for the oospore cohorts higher than a fixed threshold), and the grower’s schedule. Average efficacy in decreasing disease incidence on leaves compared to the unsprayed control was > 90% for all treatments. On the average, 6.8 sprays were applied following the grower’s schedule; use of the warning system reduced applications by about one half (warning treatment) or two third (threshold treatment). The grower’s schedule was the most expensive control strategy, with average of 337 €/ha; the average saving was 174 and 224 €/ha for the warning and the threshold treatments, respectively. The value of this dissertation consists in two relevant and connected aspects. From one side the studies performed on the oospore maturation and germination allowed to better understand and clarify a key point of the downy mildew epidemics still wrapped by a lack of information. From the other side the model elaborated during this thesis represents a practical and efficient tool that leads to the reduction both of growers’ costs and chemical input in the environment.
JI, TAO. "Epidemiology and modeling of grape diseases related to China". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/115284.
Texto completoGrapevine anthracnose (caused by Elsinoe ampelina), ripe rot (caused by Colletotrichum spp.) and white rot (caused by Coniella diplodiella) are serious threats in many vineyards of China, and their controls require repeated application of fungicides. In the present dissertation, the available knowledge on grapevine anthracnose and ripe rot were retrieved from literature, analyzed, and synthesized to develop weather-driven, mechanistic models for indicated two diseases based on system analysis. Unlike the previous two diseases, the literature review provided incomplete information about some important aspects of epidemiology of grape white rot. Therefore, several artificial inoculation experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of environmental factors on epidemiological parameters of white rot, including berry infection, incubation, latency and sporulation dynamics. Subsequently, a process-based mechanistic model that accounts for the entire life cycle of pathogen was constructed by using these experimental data. The above three mechanistic models were validated by comparing with independent datasets, and provided good ability and accuracy to represent the real epidemiological systems. The models developed in this dissertation provide a basis for better scheduling crop protection actions in vineyards.
Lucchini, V. "IL DIFETTO OSSIDATIVO E LE ALTERAZIONI DEL DNA MITOCONDRIALE IN TOPI TRANSGENICI MODELLO ANIMALE DELLA ATASSIA SPINOCEREBELLARE DI TIPO 1". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/169922.
Texto completoTRONO, PAOLA. "Rimodellamento dei complessi giunzionali dei cardiomiociti nelle cardiomiopatie: dal modello sperimentale all'uomo". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/410.
Texto completoCardiomyopathies are cardiac diseases associated to cardiac disfunction, caracterized by structural alterations of cardiomyocytes and their tissutal organization. Intercalated disks are adhesion structures between plasmatic membranes of cardiomyocytes, made of highly specialized membrane junctions: adherens junctions, desmosomes and gap junctions. The present investigation evaluated intercalated disks remodelling during hypertrophic and dilatative cardiomyopathies, in UMX7.1 and TO2 δ-sarcoglican-deficient hamsters. Hamsters hearts ultrastructural analysis showed that the ordered organization is lost in UMX7.1 hearts, where intercalated disks appear chaotically located and structural swirling. In TO2 hamsters, desmosomes and gap junctions are located on the lateral plasmalemma. Immunohistochemistry showed an increase in expression levels of N-cadherin and β-catenin in UMX7.1 hamsters, while connexin 43 appears located on the lateral plasmalemma in TO2 hamsters. Myocardiac tissue samples from 44 patients affected by idiopathic dilatative cardiomyopathy, genetic dilatative cardiomyopathy, secondary dilatative cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic idiopathic cardiomyopathy were analized by immunohistochemistry. The analysis showed a high increased in N-cadherin in secondary dilatatve cardiomyopathies and an uniform increase in β-catenin. Then, in most of the samples observed, connexin 43 appears located on the lateral plasmalemma. Since a lot of clinical and experimental dates show omega-3 essential fatty acids anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective role, in the present investigation it the effect of an ALA- enriched diet on cardiac remodelling in UMX7.1 hamsters has been evaluated. UMX7.1 hamsters and healthy hamsters were fed with standard diet, while a different group of UMX7.1 hamsters was fed with ALA-enriched diet. Intercalated disk molecules expression was evaluated by western blotting, immunohistochemistry and ultrustructural analysis; on the whole, the ALA-enriched diet demonstrates its effects in counteracting the pathological alterations in cardiomyopathic hamsters. Collectively, the present investigation evaluated cardiomyocytes remodelling during experimental and human cardiomyopathy and showed the beneficial effect of an ALA- enriched diet on cardiomyocyte intercalated disk structure and molecular composition; furthermore, it supported the potential use of ω-3 polyunsatured fatty acids in the prevention of potentially dangerous arrhytmias in cardiac diseases. Key words: cardiomyopathy, intercalated disks, ω-3 polyunsatured fatty acids, arrhytmia, connexin 43.
Luque, Pardos Sònia. "Estudi prospectiu observacional de pacients amb pneumònia adquirida en la comunitat: avaluació de la utilitat de diversos models predictors de gravetat en el maneig i l'evolució clínica d'aquesta patologia". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4558.
Texto completoISERNIA, SARA. "TEORIA DELLA MENTE E SCLEROSI MULTIPLA: DA UNO SCREENING DI TEORIA DELLA MENTE A UN MODELLO DEI MECCANISMI CEREBRALI". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/70989.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to investigate the theory of mind (ToM) deficit in multiple sclerosis (MS). This phenomenon has been addressed through a twofold aim: (1) exploring the deficit underlying mechanisms with two experimental studies, a behavioral and a neuroimaging study; (2) creating an ecological assessment tool for this target population. The experimental studies results demonstrate a ToM deficit in MS mostly linked to the cognitive component of ToM, with major damage in the progressive than remitting phenotype, and a relationship between ToM and cognitive level in MS. This evidence is confirmed by neuro-structured data, that highlight a disconnection mechanism, intra- and inter- ToM neural circuits, involving both ToM specific circuits and the communication between ToM network and executive loops. Then, the workflow adopted for the implementation of the new multimedia tool for the ToM screening is presented, including the draft of the screenplay and the test items. The tool implementation grounds on a multi-componential model of ToM and the purpose to present different contexts of relationships in the everyday life: family, friendship and romantic relationship.
SALOTTI, IRENE. "Development of epidemiological models for wheat and legumes in crop rotation". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/115282.
Texto completoA plant disease model is a simplification of the relationships between pathogen, host, and environment that determine whether and how an epidemic develops over time. The present dissertation aims to develop mechanistic, dynamic, weather-driven models, which are suitable to be applied in precision crop protection, for important diseases affecting wheat and legumes in a crop rotation scenario. By exploitation of literature and application of system analysis, information concerning the pathosystem were acquired and analyzed to conceptualize and develop the model both theoretically and mathematically. The following pathogens were considered: i) Ascochyta rabiei causing Ascochyta blight in chickpea; ii) Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici causing stem (or black) rust of wheat; iii) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a polyphagous specie causing diseases in several legumes and industrial crops (e.g., white mold of white bean and soybean, stem rot of canola, head rot of sunflower). Models were evaluated using independent data for their ability to predict the occurrence and development of epidemics, under different environmental conditions. The comparison of model predictions versus real data observed in fields showed that models could be considered accurate and robust and, therefore, they may be used to help growers in making decisions to efficiently protect their crops. The present dissertation contains also results of a literature review carried out on temperature requirements of Colletotrichum spp., which involves several species causing anthracnose on legumes and several industrial crops. Temperature-dependent equations were developed for four biological processes (mycelial growth, germination of spores, spore infection, and spore production) of major phylogenetic clades of Colletotrichum spp.. This work may lay the foundation for the development of a general, mechanistic, dynamic, weather-driven model for Colletotrichum spp. based on the intra-clade similarities.