Tesis sobre el tema "Modélisation par modèle de substitution"
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Guelilia, Zakaria. "Modélisation électromagnétique rapide de problèmes multi-échelles incluant une partie variable - Application à la dosimétrie numérique et au couplage entre antennes". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAR0006/document.
Texto completoNumerical modelling is an essential tool for solving electromagnetic problems. The computation time and the accuracy of the results depend on the description level used and electrical dimensions of the analyzed problem. When it is necessary to model an electrically large environment, the use of conventional methods such as the finite difference time domain (FDTD) face difficulties in terms of simulation time. This becomes particularly problematic when the analysis must be carried out for several values of one or more parameters defining the studied problem. Considering this variability aspect and in order to avoid multiplication of costly simulations, it is necessary to choose suitable methods. This thesis aims to develop a new approach to solve effectively the variable feature encountered in some multi-scale problems. This new method called the MM-DG-FDTD (MacroModel based Dual Grid-FDTD) results from the association of the Dual Grid- FDTD (DG-FDTD) method with a substitution model. The use of the DG-FDTD permits to treat multiscale aspect dividing the studied problem into FDTD sub-volumes. Each step has its own simulation parameters. The fast substitution model built in few electromagnetic simulations replaces in a rigorous and efficient way the last expensive DG-FDTD simulation. The proper operation of the substitution model is firstly validated using simple cases. Next, a use of the MM-DG-FDTD is performed on two applications belonging to two contexts: numerical dosimetry and antennas coupling. The first one proposes to estimate the value of the electric field inside the left eye of a human body model. It receives electromagnetic radiation from an antenna located onboard a vehicle. This study is carried out for a large number of positions of the body around the vehicle. The second application is to assess the value of the transmission coefficient between two UWB (Utra-Wide Band) antennas. The position of the receiving antenna changes in a large environment. For both studies, MM-DG-FDTD shows its ability to give fast and accurate results compared to a classic use of the DG-FDTD
Goutierre, Emmanuel. "Machine learning-based particle accelerator modeling". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG106.
Texto completoParticle accelerators rely on high-precision simulations to optimize beam dynamics. These simulations are computationally expensive, making real-time analysis impractical. This thesis seeks to address this limitation by exploring the potential of machine learning to develop surrogate models for particle accelerator simulations. The focus is on ThomX, a compact Compton source, where two surrogate models are introduced: LinacNet and Implicit Neural ODE (INODE). These models are trained on a comprehensive database developed in this thesis that captures a wide range of operating conditions to ensure robustness and generalizability. LinacNet provides a comprehensive representation of the particle cloud by predicting all coordinates of the macro-particles, rather than focusing solely on beam observables. This detailed modeling, coupled with a sequential approach that accounts for cumulative particle dynamics throughout the accelerator, ensures consistency and enhances model interpretability. INODE, based on the Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (NODE) framework, seeks to learn the implicit governing dynamics of particle systems without the need for explicit ODE solving during training. Unlike traditional NODEs, which struggle with discontinuities, INODE is theoretically designed to handle them more effectively. Together, LinacNet and INODE serve as surrogate models for ThomX, demonstrating their ability to approximate particle dynamics. This work lays the groundwork for developing and improving the reliability of machine learning-based models in accelerator physics
Descorps-Declere, Stéphane. "Modélisation du processus d'annotation par une architecture blackboard". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066165.
Texto completoBecause of the huge increase in sequencing projects of complete genomes, it is essential today to have powerful computer softwares able to help biologists towards a better use of analysis methods. This is particularly important because there exists many methods of analysis as well as a great amount of data. In order to solve this issue, we propose in this thesis to develop of a new bioinformatic model suitable for the annotation of complete genomes. From studying the "state of the art", we concluded that we could approach the modelisation of the annotation process of two different ways. This enabled us to propose a new model based on this analysis. We then decided to re-formalize the annotation process; it gave us the opportunity to propose an adequate software architecture in order to handle the process thus reformulated. The thesis is then a double contribution : it is both a modelisation of the annotation process, and a technical proposal based on a blackboard architecture
El, Hajj Chehade Wassim. "Déploiement Multiplateforme d'Applications Multitâche par la Modélisation". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671383.
Texto completoMély, Hubert. "Modélisation de la transformation de biomatériaux par un modèle de percolation". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672081.
Texto completoLabois, Mathieu. "Modélisation des déséquilibres mécaniques pour les écoulements diphasiques : approches par relaxation et par modèle réduit". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338818.
Texto completoLabois, Mathieu. "Modélisation des déséquilibres mécaniques dans les écoulements diphasiques : approches par relaxation et par modèle réduit". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11039.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with hyperbolic models for the simulation of compressible two-phase flows, to find alternatives to the classical bifluid model. We first establish a hierarchy of two-phase flow models, obtained according to equilibrium hypothesis between the physical variables of each phase. The use of Chapman-Enskog expansions enables us to link the different existing models to each other. Moreover, models that take into account small physical unbalances are obtained by means of expansion to the order one. The second part of this thesis focuses on the simulation of flows featuring velocity unbalances and pressure balances, in two different ways. First, a two-velocity two-pressure model is used, where non-instantaneous velocity and pressure relaxations are applied so that a balancing of these variables is obtained. A new one-velocity one-pressure dissipative model is then proposed, where the arising of second-order terms enables us to take into account unbalances between the phase velocities. We develop a numerical method based on a fractional step approach for this model
Christy, Stéphane. "Localisation et modélisation tridimensionnelles par approximations successives du modèle perspectif de caméra". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004885.
Texto completoLéonard, Mathieu. "Modélisation par éléments finis du muscle strié". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6188.
Texto completoKreuawan, Sangkla. "Modélisation et conception optimale pour les applications ferroviaires". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363633.
Texto completoLa conception systémique optimale de composant électrotechnique est abordée dans cette thèse. Une chaîne de traction électrique est choisie comme exemple représentatif d'un système complexe. La démarche et les outils sont mis en œuvre sur deux applications: la conception d'un moteur de traction et la conception simultanée de plusieurs composants clés.
Pour concevoir un moteur de traction, le cycle de fonctionnement et le comportement thermique transitoire sont primordiaux. La bonne adaptation du moteur à sa mission permet de réduire considérablement sa masse. L'approche multidisciplinaire est utilisée pour gérer les interactions entre modèles de disciplines différentes au sein d'un même processus d'optimisation. Suivant la méthode employée, le temps d'optimisation peut être réduit grâce à la répartition des taches par domaine physique et d'en paralléliser l'exécution. Des optimisations multiobjectif ont également été appliquées. Des fronts de Pareto sont obtenus malgré l'utilisation d'un modèle précis mais coûteux, le modèle éléments finis.
L'approche décomposition hiérarchique de la méthode "Target Cascading" est appliquée au problème de conception de la chaîne de traction. Le système et ses composants sont conjointement conçus. Cette méthode est bien adaptée à la démarche de conception optimale des systèmes complexes, tout en respectant l'organisation par produit de l'entreprise.
Phan, Mélanie. "Modélisation et améliorations vibro-acoustiques d'un bateau sport par la méthode S.E.A". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5501.
Texto completoKone, Joël-Louis. "Modélisation et suivi du vieillissement d’accumulateurs Li-ions par couplage avec modèle Dual-tank". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI003.
Texto completoThe battery models used in system studies are generally based on electrical models with a single tank ("one tank model"), to which are coupled semi-empirical aging models predicting the evolution of the capacity of this one tank model.In these models, the state-of-health of a cell is therefore represented by a single value, which is too limiting. Moreover, these approaches make it difficult to understand the phenomena of capacity slope failures observed experimentally.In this thesis, empirical or physics-based aging models are coupled to a dual tank model. The first empirical approach aims to directly predict the evolution of the capacity of each electrode and the offset between electrode potential signals. The second, inspired by the physical phenoma that can occur within the battery, introduces the notion of parasitic current at the origin of the loss of cycling lithium.These different approaches are implemented using experimental calendar results from the MOBICUS project
Cottret, Maxime. "Exploration visuelle d'environnement intérieur par détection et modélisation d'objets saillants". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289380.
Texto completoBouayed, Mohamed Amine. "Modélisation stochastique par éléments finis en géomécanique". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL087N.
Texto completoMaachou, Vaxelaire Asma. "Identification par modèle non entier non linéaire : application à la modélisation de la diffusion thermique". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14725/document.
Texto completoLinear fractional differentiation models have proven their efficacy in modeling thermaldiffusive phenomena for small temperature variations. However, for large temperature variations,the thermal parameters are no longer constant but vary along with the temperatureitself. Consequently, the thermal system could be modeled by non linear fractional differentialmodels. Volterra series are first extended to fractional derivatives. Volterra seriesare then used for modeling a non linear thermal system, constituted of an ARMCO iron sample,for large temperature variations
Deschênes, Jean-Daniel. "Modélisation interactive : amélioration du processus de reconstruction d'un modèle 3D par la compression temps réel". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25372/25372.pdf.
Texto completoJamois-Tremier, Anne. "Modélisation d'un traitement par compostage : développement d'outils expérimentaux d'étude du procédé et conception du modèle". Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11008.
Texto completoBoutelier, Timothé. "Modélisation dépendante du temps des blazars du TeV par un modèle de jet stratifié inhomogène". Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10063.
Texto completoThe study of the emission and variability mechanisms of TeV blazars has been the subject of intensive research for years. The homogeneous one-zone model commonly used is puzzling since it yields very high Lorentz factor, in contradiction with other observational evidences. Ln this work, 1 describe a new time dependent multi-zone approach, in the framework of the two¬ flow model. 1 compute the emission of a full jet, where relativistic electron-positron pairs distributed in pileup propagate. The evolution and the emission of the plasma is computed taking into account a turbulent heating term, some radiative cooling, and a pair production term due to photo-annihilation process. Applied to PKS 2155-304, the model allows to reproduce the full spectra, as weil as the simultaneous multi wavelength variability, with a relatively small Lorentz factor. The variability is explained by the instability of the pair creation process. Nonetheless, the value is still high to agree with other observational evidences in radio. Hence, 1 show in the last part of this work how to conciliate high l. !>rentz factor with the absence of apparent superluminal movement in radio, by taking into account the effect of the opening angle on the appearance of relativistic jets
Bon-Bierel, Évelyne. "Contribution à l'intégration des modèles de systèmes de production manufacturière par méta-modélisation". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10280.
Texto completoKhemiri, Houssemeddine. "Approche générique appliquée à l'indexation audio par modélisation non supervisée". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0055/document.
Texto completoThe amount of available audio data, such as broadcast news archives, radio recordings, music and songs collections, podcasts or various internet media is constantly increasing. Therefore many audio indexing techniques are proposed in order to help users to browse audio documents. Nevertheless, these methods are developed for a specific audio content which makes them unsuitable to simultaneously treat audio streams where different types of audio document coexist. In this thesis we report our recent efforts in extending the ALISP approach developed for speech as a generic method for audio indexing, retrieval and recognition. The particularity of ALISP tools is that no textual transcriptions are needed during the learning step. Any input speech data is transformed into a sequence of arbitrary symbols. These symbols can be used for indexing purposes. The main contribution of this thesis is the exploitation of the ALISP approach as a generic method for audio indexing. The proposed system consists of three steps; an unsupervised training to model and acquire the ALISP HMM models, ALISP segmentation of audio data using the ALISP HMM models and a comparison of ALISP symbols using the BLAST algorithm and Levenshtein distance. The evaluations of the proposed systems are done on the YACAST and other publicly available corpora for several tasks of audio indexing
Bourgana, Mohamed Taoufik. "Modélisation et validation expérimentale d'un modèle vibroacoustique d'un silencieux d'une motoneige". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9862.
Texto completoCostin, Claudiu. "Modélisation d'une décharge magnétron DC dans l'argon et en mélanges argon-oxygène par un modèle fluide". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112275.
Texto completoThis thesis is dedicated to the modeling of a DC magnetron discharge using the fluid model. The motivation of this research is the extension of this approach to the magnetized low-pressure discharges, having the advantage of a reduced CPU time comparing to other numerical simulations (particles, hybrid). The transport of the charged species is described following two space dimensions (2D, radial-axial) through the first three moments of Boltzmann equation, while the transport of the neutral particles is treated in the generalized diffusion theory of multi-species. An original approach for the charged particle fluxes facilitates the linearization of the equations system. Hence, the use of this treatment to magnetrons is difficult and complex due to the low working pressure and to the presence of the magnetic field, strongly inhomogeneous and anisotropic. The model was applied to an Ar and Ar/O2 magnetron. The principal plasma parameters (potential, electric field densities fluxes,… ) issued from the model are property described allowing to identify the essential phenomena previously reported for these discharges. In particular, there are discussed the evolution tendencies of the system versus external discharge parameters, such as applied voltage, working pressure, oxygen fraction in Ar/O2 mixture, etc. The model permits as well to obtain an analytic expression for the coefficient of the secondary electron emission induced by ion bombardment at the cathode. It is remarkable that the fluid model is able to describe the variation of this coefficient as a function of the discharge parameters, considering an unique external parameter which is the electron reflection at the surface. In the reactive mode, at low pressure, the heavy species exhibit a non-local behavior. The present approach is validated by direct comparison of the model results with others obtained from different numerical simulations (PIC-MC, hybrid) and experimental measurements. This validation justifies a posteriori the extension of the fluid model applicability, used for the first time in 2D for magnetron discharges modeling
Martin, Victorin. "Modélisation probabiliste et inférence par l'algorithme Belief Propagation". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867693.
Texto completoVigan, Marie. "Modélisation de données longitudinales et de données d'événements répétés par des modèles non linéaires à effets mixtes : application à la maladie de Gaucher". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077164.
Texto completoGaucher disease (GD) is a rare genetic disease. Different biomarkers are altered and patients also have bone events (BE). An enzymatic substitution treatment is available. To analyze the evolution of biomarkers, nonlinear mixed effects models are used and, for BE, frailty models. Those models require specific estimation methods that we assessed by simulation. For frailty models, we compared SAEM algorithm implemented in Monolix to the adaptative Gaussian quadrature (AGQ) implemented in SAS. We also evaluated the powers of the Wald test and the likelihood ratio test of a binary covariate. We then evaluated SAEM algorithm for joint models of longitudinal data and repeated events and evalue the power to detect the link between longitudinal data and repeated events. Results obtained for the estimation of parameters give us few biases and, for frailty models, results are comparable between SAEM and AGQ. We performed an epidemiological description of the French registry of GD. In treated patients, we used a pathophysiological model to describe the evolution of biomarkers under treatment and we analyzed the occurrence of repeated BE. We tested the link between biomarkers and the occurrence of BE. To have a BE before treatment increased three-fold the risk during treatment. We will continue this work with the use of the model we developed to individualize treatment doses
Toufik, Bennouas. "Modélisation de parcours du Web et calcul de communautés par émergence". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137084.
Texto completoLa première partie fait une analyse des grand réseaux d'interactions et introduit un nouveau modèle de crawls du Web. Elle commence par définir les propriétés communes des réseaux d'interactions, puis donne quelques modèles graphes aléatoires générant des graphes semblables aux réseaux d'interactions. Pour finir, elle propose un nouveau modèle de crawls aléatoires.
La second partie propose deux modèles de calcul de communautés par émergence dans le graphe du Web. Après un rappel sur les mesures d'importances, PageRank et HITS est présenté le modèle gravitationnel dans lequel les nœuds d'un réseau sont mobile et interagissent entre eux grâce aux liens entre eux. Les communautés émergent rapidement au bout de quelques itérations. Le second modèle est une amélioration du premier, les nœuds du réseau sont dotés d'un objectif qui consiste à atteindre sa communautés.
Serwatka, Agnieszka. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation de vêtements sur mannequin adaptatif". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10029/document.
Texto completoThis work is part of a reorganization of the chain of c10thing for the textile c10thing sector. The main objective is to develop a new concept of creating c10thing to reduce time and costs of product development. Among other things, recent international campaigns surveying advise working with 3D virtual models respecting the morphologies of the human body to minimize the losses caused unsold clothes. Also, we propose an original concept of creating virtual clothing 3D on an adaptive mannequin morphotype. The first chapter sets the state of the art of the subject in different areas representative of the study, i.e.: anthropometry, biometrics and its means of measurement, design virtual clothing strongly oriented virtual trying-on. The second chapter is devoted ta modelling the human body by the realization and development of an adaptive mannequin morphotype. The third chapter provides a model of 3D virtual clothing associated with the model presented in previous chapter. A parametric ease model is integrated upstream from modelling to control the weil fitting and c10thing drape. An orientation of the application process ta a mass customized market led to highly précised ease parameters adjustment with the help of tools of image treatment. The last chapter represents our contribution to the extension of the dynamic model c10thes by setting up a model of non-linear fa bric who's the parameters value is calculated by genetic algorithms with a suitable methodology for the process to identify
Charpiot, Anne. "Développement et validation d’un modèle tridimensionnel par éléments finis d’un canal semi-circulaire de l’oreille interne humaine". Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6248.
Texto completoThis thesis exposes the development of a finite element model of one of the accelerometers of the human inner ear (a semicircular canal). The simulations of normal and pathological conditions will find clinical applications to the study and treatment of vertigo. The first step of this research is the development and validation of a 3D finite element model of one semicircular canal: -The mesh totalises 18882 elements, with linear elastic solids and viscous fluid, using ALE fluid/structure coupling. -The validation test is a physiological rotation with short stop, acceleration of 1800°. S-2 during 0. 1 second. The maximal calculated displacement of the cupula is of 17 µm (expected value : 21µm), the relaxation of the cupula needs 5. 2 seconds (expected: 15 seconds). -A parametric study has concerned the membranes and cupula parameters. The first results show that the elasticity of the membranous canal has to be taken in count. The cupula presents a transversal and a longitudinal displacement. This longitudinal displacement had previously been described in static conditions (during hydrops: inflation of the endolymphatic pressure), but had never been considered before in dynamic conditions. The “normal” model that has been developed will further be used to simulate different pathological situations of vertigo (otoconia blocked in the canal, plugged canal in Menière disease, etc. )
Loffler, Christophe. "Modélisation, simulation et conduite d'un atelier de distillation extractive". Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10395.
Texto completoAgbodan, Dago. "Nomination persistante dans un modèle paramétrique : identification non-ambigue͏̈ et appariement générique d'entités topologiques". Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2313.
Texto completoParametric models have a dual structure where an abstract representation (the parametric specification) references an explicit representation (the geometry). The persistent naming problem is to maintain the references between these two representations in order to be able to reevaluate the second starting from the first, in spite of modifications. The problem is to identify an entity in an initial model, then to find it in a reevaluated model. We propose to represent evolutions of the shells and faces of the modeled objects in a graph. Each entity referenced by the specification is characterized in terms of the graph nodes, and by a link to the current geometry. Matching the initial graph and a reevaluated graph throughout a revaluation, and then, searching common elements in these graphs, allows us to interpret the references and thus to maintain the link between the parametric specification and the geometry in the reevaluated object, ensuring a persistent naming
Tian, Simiao. "Prédiction de la composition corporelle par modélisation locale et les réseaux bayésiens". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0068/document.
Texto completoThe assessment of human body composition is important for evaluating health and nutritional status. Among health issues, overweight and obesity are worldwide problems. Increased fat mass, especially in the trunk location, has been associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The lean body mass, especially appendicular muscle mass, is also directly related to health and particularly with the mortality rate. Also, aging is associated with substantial changes in body composition. Reduction in body lean or body fat-free mass occurs during aging (Kyle et al., 2001) together with an increase of body fat related to accumulation of adipose tissues, particularly in abdominal region (Kuk et al., 2009); therefore assessing these changes in segmental body composition may be important because the study will lead to a pre-diagnosis for the prevention of morbidity and mortality risk. Accurate measurements of body composition can be obtained from different methods, such as underwater weighing and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, their applications are not always convenient, because they require fixed equipment and they are also time consuming and expensive. As a result, they are not convenient for use as a part of routine clinical examinations or population studies. The potential uses of statistical methods for body composition assessment have been highlighted (Snijder et al., 2006), and several attempts to predict body composition, particularly body fat percentage (BF%), have been made (Gallagher et al., 2000a; Jackson et al., 2002; Mioche et al., 2011b).The first aim in this thesis was to develop a multivariate model for predicting simultaneously body, trunk and appendicular fat and lean masses from easily measured anthropometric covariables. We proposed a linear solution published in the British Journal of Nutrition. There are two main advantages in our proposed multivariate approach. The first consists in using very simple covariables, such as body weight and height, because these measurements are easy and not expensive. The usefulness of waist circumference is also investigated and combined with age, height and weight as predictor variables. The second advantage is that the multivariate approach enables to take into account the correlation structure between the responses into account, which is useful for a number of inference tasks, e.g., to give simultaneous confidence regions for all the responses together. Then the prediction accuracy of the multivariate approach is justified by comparing with that of the available univariate models that predict body fat percentage (BF%). With a good accuracy, the multivariate outcomes might then be used in studies necessitating the assessment of metabolic risk factors in large populations.The second aim in this thesis was to study age-related changes in segmental body compositions, associated with anthropometric covariables. Two Bayesian modeling methods are proposed for the exploration of age-related changes. The main advantage of these methods is to propose a surrogate for a longitudinal analysis from the cross-sectional datasets. Moreover, the Bayesian modeling enables to provide a prediction distribution, rather than a simple estimate, this is more relevant for exploring the uncertainty or accuracy problems. Also we can incorporate the previous findings in the prior distribution, by combining it with the datasets, we could obtain more suitable conclusions.The previous predictions were based on models supposing any correlation structure within the variables, the third aim in this thesis was to propose a parsimonious sub-model of the multivariable model described by a Gaussian Bayesian network (GBN), more precisely Crossed Gaussian Bayesian Networks (CGBN). Last and final summary in the thesis
Khemiri, Houssemeddine. "Approche générique appliquée à l'indexation audio par modélisation non supervisée". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0055.
Texto completoThe amount of available audio data, such as broadcast news archives, radio recordings, music and songs collections, podcasts or various internet media is constantly increasing. Therefore many audio indexing techniques are proposed in order to help users to browse audio documents. Nevertheless, these methods are developed for a specific audio content which makes them unsuitable to simultaneously treat audio streams where different types of audio document coexist. In this thesis we report our recent efforts in extending the ALISP approach developed for speech as a generic method for audio indexing, retrieval and recognition. The particularity of ALISP tools is that no textual transcriptions are needed during the learning step. Any input speech data is transformed into a sequence of arbitrary symbols. These symbols can be used for indexing purposes. The main contribution of this thesis is the exploitation of the ALISP approach as a generic method for audio indexing. The proposed system consists of three steps; an unsupervised training to model and acquire the ALISP HMM models, ALISP segmentation of audio data using the ALISP HMM models and a comparison of ALISP symbols using the BLAST algorithm and Levenshtein distance. The evaluations of the proposed systems are done on the YACAST and other publicly available corpora for several tasks of audio indexing
Gavazza, Giuseppe. "La synthèse par modèle physique comme outil de formalisation musicale". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS041.
Texto completoPhysical model synthesis offers an approach to composition alternative to the more usual signal processing. Considering the musical phenomenon as a "unicum" emerging from the interaction between the musicians and their instruments the physical model synthesis realizes and gives phenomenological and sensitive corporeality to the creative actions. By conceiving not as separate entities sound material and musical structure directs the potentialities of the computer and creates an original and fruitful dialectic between the formal (structural) and perceptual (cognitive).The sphere of action for my PhD concerns the development, formalisation and categorisation of structural models – created by physical modelling – useful for musical composition in the perspective to highlight the musical formalisation function associated with the CORDIS-ANIMA physical model simulation paradigm.The starting point for this work is 20 years of personal use as a composer, of the GENESIS physical model musical creation software developed by the ACROE-ICA laboratory.This experience has led me, through works both scientific (modelling) and artistic (music composition), to consider this environment not as a synthesis tool, but as a complex instrument, which allows to create a complete musical composition covering all three usual categories of acoustics and music: micro-formal (the tone, harmony, orchestration), mezzo-formal (the rhythm, melody, and the basic sequences/harmonic structures) and macro-formal (the higher level harmonic structure, the formal outline of the entire composition).My goal is not to propose the framework of a new music or a new aesthetic, but develop "well-tempered" instruments for a new practice of music creativity that explores and accomplishes better the potentialities of computer and digital technology. This also leads in the direction of broadening the dialectic instrumentality - writing music to a "supra instrumentality" [Cadoz6] and to post-scriptic outlook on musical creation [Cadoz7]
Gonzalez-Ramirez, José Enrique. "Contribution au contrôle par la modélisation d'un procédé de cristallisation en continu". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00876943.
Texto completoAzab, Marc. "Caractérisation par corrélation d'images et modélisation par zones cohésives du comportement mécanique des interfaces". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI102.
Texto completoThis work concerns the study of materials and assemblies structures integrity using cohesive zone model (CZM) to analyze fracture. These models have the advantage to incorporate a characteristic length in the description of fracture initiation and propagation, which can lead to size effects studies. Three parameters characterize the CZM : the maximal cohesive traction Tmax to which the interface or the material can resist before the onset of debonding, the critical crack opening from which a crack is created locally and finally the traction-separation law which describe the cohesive traction distribution depending on fracture process.The main purpose of this thesis is to identify the cohesive zone parameters describing fracture at the interface or in the material. The first step was to elaborate an analytical model which can describe properly the DCB or Wedge Test kinematic, to characterize mode I fracture. Despite the fact of mode I fracture, the displacement field near the crack-tip is not K-dominant for these tests, at least not always. Various traction-separation laws were considered in order to study their influence on the local and global response of the test. An inverse identification methodology has been proposed from the analytical model, which can extract cohesive parameters through a least square error minimization between numerical and analytical deflection. Once validated, it was subsequently applied to a real Wedge test. The experimental displacement field measurement was done due to digital image correlation measurement.A deep analysis to evaluate the fracture process zone length has been also dedicated in the case of Wedge or DCB Tests. This analysis shows that Lcz is not an intrinsic interface or materials property and it can vary depending on the sample's geometry, the cohesive zone properties or the traction-separation law. A new expression to determine Lcz was established for rectangular and triangular cohesive zone.A second local identification approach, based on the work of Réhoré and Estevez (2013), has been also proposed. It was implemented to analyze the Wedge test, before applying it to a notched four points bending test. A round trip between numerical simulations and experimental results allow identifying the cohesive properties in the materiel or at the interface
Saison-Francioso, Ophélie. "Étude théorique et modélisation par la méthode FDTD de nanostructures plasmoniques : application à la conception de biocapteurs". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10189/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is a contribution to the optical properties study of plasmonic structures composed by metallic nanoparticles. This study is based on numerical simulation results obtained by the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method (FDTD).The first part of this work is related to the analysis of gold nanowires periodic arrays, which section is rectangular, placed in a multi-layered dielectric environment. The influence of the nanowires geometrical parameters, of the array period and of the dielectric thickness covering the nanowires on the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) spectral position has been explored. This study especially demonstrated that the resonance wavelength oscillates when the dielectric thickness covering the nanowires is varying. A simple analytical model has been developed in order to better understand the oscillations origin. The influence of the refractive indexes of the dielectric matrix on the oscillation parameters has been analyzed too.The second part of this work concerns the determination and the study of factors controlling LSPR sensors sensitivity. Different shapes of nanoparticles and different kinds of nanowires have been considered. Moreover, three wide topics have been approached in this part:- the influence of the nanoparticles substrate on the sensitivity,- the influence of the material covering the nanoparticles on the sensitivity and,- the origin of the relationship between the LSPR wavelentgh and the refractive index sensitivity of the nanoparticles
Bourgeault, Adeline. "Bioaccumulation par Dreissena polymorpha: quel reflet de la contamination chimique du milieu ? : Expérimentation – Observation – Modélisation". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00546985.
Texto completoHassen, Ghazi. "Modélisation multiphasique pour le calcul des ouvrages renforcés par inclusions rigides". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001996.
Texto completoMaquinghen, Anne-Pascale. "Modélisation géométrique et cinématique 3D du rachis scoliotique pour la réalisation d'un outil d'aide au medecin". Valenciennes, 1991. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ef98d2a0-b271-4070-b83c-e130440c9fe6.
Texto completoBergot, Thierry. "Modélisation du brouillard à l'aide d'un modèle 1D forcé par des champs mésoéchelle : application à la prévision". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30281.
Texto completoMarquot, Aurélien. "Modélisation du traitement de l'azote par boues activées en sites réels : calage et évaluation du modèle ASM1". Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3016.
Texto completoWastewater treatment by activated sludge was progressively improved in order to remove not only carbonaceous pollutants but also nitrogen and phosphorus. In parallel, mathematical models were developed to represent the complex processes resulting from the biomass activity. This led to the complete description of carbon and nitrogen removal by the Activated Sludge Model n°1 (ASM1, 1987). This model, and all the following ones, are nowadays implemented in simulation software and used as design and operation support tools. Nevertheless the use of simulation in the wastewater treatment field requires high expertise. Furthermore, research must be continued on both models development and protocol for their calibration. In this context the PhD was carried out with the goals of updating Cemagref's recommendations for design and operation of French wastewater treatment plants, and participating to the international research presently carried out by the IWA task group “Guidelines for Use of Activated Sludge Models”. This document first introduces nitrogen removal by activated sludge and the corresponding models. ASM1 was selected for a full-scale survey. This 22-month study aimed at obtaining a calibration of the model parameters. Site characteristics have strongly influenced the development of monitoring methods and calibration/validation procedures adapted for intermittent aeration system. In parallel, laboratory experiments were performed to determine additional model parameters. The results allowed the evaluation of both the model robustness through several calibration campaigns and its capacity to represent real operation of the plant, especially under strong constraints such as nitrification inhibition. This modelling experience with full-scale data was used to simulate “advanced scenarios”. These scenarios aimed at understanding the advantages of simulation compared to conventional design methods. They also allowed deeper assessment of the model mechanisms and limitations. Finally, prospective scenarios compare several design and operation strategies when facing crisis event, such as erratic sludge wastage, rain events, or inhibition of nitrification
Teghbit, Saliha. "Contribution à la modélisation floue, minimisation de l'écart modèle-système par réduction du contour du graphe flou". Valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5142ac51-a8ff-4d6b-8979-acb9641b3abc.
Texto completoLingua, Hugo. "SH2 sur les dialkylzincs par les radicaux α-alcoxycarbonyle, carbozincations et additions radicalaires impliquant des ynamides : approches expérimentales et théoriques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0564.
Texto completoThe reactivity of ethyl α-bromoacrylate and ethyl benzylidene malonate towards dialkylzincs in aerobic medium was studied in order to evaluate the capacity of tertiary α-alcoxycarbonyl radicals to undergo SH2 at zinc leading to a zinc enolate. The use of ethyl α-bromoacrylate allowed the synthesis of cyclopropanes and keto-esters. With the second substrate, the addition of the alkyl group was shown to be reversible. The inhibitor effect of additives like TMSCl or CuCl suggested that zinc peroxydes formed in situ could play a key role in the process. Theoretical studies highlighted the crucial role of the stabilization of the zinc enolate through the formation of a 5 or 6-membered chelate. Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of tri- and tetra-substituted enamides was achieved through the carbozincation of ynamides in the presence of dialkylzincs and CuI or FeCl2 as catalyst. CuI was shown to be more efficient and less substrate-dependent than FeCl2. Molecular modelings were performed to better understand this phenomen. Finally, intermolecular addition of sulfanyl radicals onto ynamides was revisited. Theoretical calculations and experimental results showed that the regio- and stereo-selectivity of the process depended on the nature of the substituent on the carbon in β position of the nitrogen atom and on experimental conditions. Unprecedented intermolecular addition of a carbon-centered radical has been described and opened new perspectives for the synthesis of original tetrasubstituted enamides
Kalantari, Saman. "Introduction de fonctionnalités de changements d'états topologiques dans le formalisme de modélisation et de simulation CORDIS-ANIMA". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENS004.
Texto completoL'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais
Ben, Ettouil Fadhel. "Modélisation rapide du traitement de poudres en projection par plasma d'arc". Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345752.
Texto completoLe procédé de projection par plasma d'arc soufflé et les principaux phénomènes qui régissent la formation du jet de plasma, les échanges thermiques et dynamiques entre la particule et l'écoulement du jet gazeux et la construction du dépôt sont examinés. Nous avons fait une étude bibliographique des modèles développées par ailleurs pour simuler les différentes fonctionnalités du procédé.
Les fondements et les caractéristiques du logiciel « Jets&Poudres » sont exposés, avant de présenter le modèle du transfert plasma-particule qui prend en compte la conduction interne à la particule et les déplacements des fronts de changement de phase. Dans ce modèle le calcul de l'évaporation de la particule est découplé du problème de la dynamique du gaz dans le jet et nous exploitons les résultats de J. C. Knight et le modèle de « Pression en retour » (Back Pressure) qu'il a développé. Une étude qualitative est consacrée à l'effet des paramètres de dispersion de la poudre en sortie de l'injecteur sur le traitement d'une particule isolée et sur la construction du dépôt. Ces effets mis en évidences, nous exposons un modèle de transport d'un lot de particules représentatif d'une poudre dans l'injecteur afin d'évaluer la dispersion en masse, taille et vitesse avant l'entrée dans le jet. Ce modèle complexe prend ent compte les collisions particule-parois et les colisions binaires particule- particule.
Les résultats de ces deux modèles sont discutés. Le traitement dynamique et thermique de la particule isolée est en bon accord avec ceux de la littérature. Ce qui autorise l'étude des conditions opératoires et des paramètres des différentes composantes fonctionnelles du procédé (torche, gaz plasmagène, injecteur, poudre...) sur le traitement des particules et leurs histoires thermique et dynamique.
Le modèle a été utilisé pour évaluer la quantité de matière nanostructurée conservée en fin de traitement et avant impact sur le substrat. Nous avons également exploité le modèle de dispersion de poudre pour la simuler la tache-dépôt formée par la projection ‘statique' de poudres de différents matériaux et de différentes granulométries.
Morscheidt, Willy. "Modélisation d'un réacteur RF à couplage capacitif en mélange Ar-O2 dans les conditions utilisées pour le procédé de dépôt par voie plasma d'oxyde d'étain". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066266.
Texto completoAzzabi, Zouraq Brahim. "Optimisation du procédé de contrôle non destructif par thermographie inductive pour des applications du domaine nucléaire". Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4023/document.
Texto completoThe work of this thesis deals with an innovative non-destructive testing (NDT) technique and its adaptation to the civil nuclear field. The numerical tool is used for this purpose. An exhaustive presentation of numerical models adapted to our problematic is made at first. These tools are then implemented and their performance compared. This made it possible to set up a fast digital tool capable of taking into account different modeling constraints such as circuit coupling, modeling of pronounced skineffect regions, as well as modeling of thin defects. This was followed by an experimental validation of the performances. Once the tool implemented and validated, it was exploited as part of a reliability assessment approach based on a MAPOD approach. In this context, an entire system for drawing input data and managing output data will be established. The result of this is a reliable and fast software tool dedicated to the evaluation of the sensibility of the thermoinductive technique
Xhuvani, Aleksander P. "Modélisation et identification des paramètres d'une machine synchrone destinée à être alimentée par un convertisseur statique". Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT055H.
Texto completoRichard, Marie Anne. "Modélisation pharmacocinétique en imagerie par résonance magnétique et en tomographie d’émission par positrons appliquée à un modèle de glioblastome chez le rat". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9709.
Texto completoAbstract : In medical imaging, different modalities are frequently combined in order to obtain complementary information. For example, positron emission tomography (PET) can be associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to derive both anatomical and biological information. This project explores the synergies between MRI and PET for pharmacokinetic modeling. Specifically, it exploits the high spatial resolution of MRI as well as the information about perfusion and vascular permeability derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced studies to better assess these parameters in a PET radiotracer injected shortly after the MRI examination. This more precise assessment of perfusion is thought to improve metabolism quantification for the radiotracer and to discriminate between its specific and non-specific accumulation. The present work focussed on 2 PET radiotracers, (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose [FDG] and 18F-fluoroethyltyrosine [FET]) as well as a MRI contrast agent (gadopentetic acid [Gd-DTPA]) applied to a rat glioblastoma model. Images were acquired using a sequential MRI-PET protocol and blood was drawn to derive the arterial input function (AIF) for each molecule. PET and MR images were subsequently registered and pharmacokinetic modeling was performed on regions of interest (ROI) or voxel-wise. For FDG, an irreversible 3 compartments (2-tissue) model was used in accordance to the literature. For FET, it was determined that an irreversible 2-tissue model is applicable for the brain and the tumor and a reversible 2-tissue model is preferred for the muscles. AIF (blood or image-derived) conversion between Gd-DTPA and FET, or vice versa, was also considered and proved feasible for the blood AIF derived from the caudal artery, similar to FDG. Finally, combined kinetic modeling for MRI and PET showed a relationship between the perfusion of FDG, or FET, and that of Gd-DTPA in muscle. Important disparities were noted for the tumor. These results illustrate the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (e.g. presence of various transport mechanisms for the same molecule) and the numerous challenges encountered during its characterization in small animals.
Le, Dref John. "Contribution à la modélisation du perçage assisté par vibration et à l’étude de son impact sur la qualité d’alésage : application aux empilages multi-matériaux". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/13546/1/le_dref.pdf.
Texto completoAoun, Mhamad. "Elaboration et validation d’un modèle de l’articulation temporo-mandibulaire par éléments finis". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14034/document.
Texto completoThis study presents a part of a long-term project that aims to design a new prosthesis for the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ). In order to facilitate a non-invasive characterization of the TMJ, a plane finite element model of the joint has been elaborated starting from MRI images. The model integrates the meniscus as well as the principal ligaments and the main muscular insertions. It has been driven firstly with displacements and then with forces. The displacements have been measured using a 3D motion analysis system and the muscles forces have been taken from anterior former EMG studies led in the laboratory. An opening movement and inter-incisors clenching in three configurations which correspond to openings of 5, 25 and 30 mm have been simulated. The results of these simulations, validated by MRI, made it possible to characterize the function of the articular disk during the movement and the transmission of actions. This study underlines the necessity of seeking technological solutions to replace the meniscus when designing a new prosthesis