Tesis sobre el tema "Modélisation des matériaux"
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Alloui, Lotfi. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle des matériaux supraconducteurs". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112215.
Texto completoWe present a contribution for three-dimensional modeling of coupled electromagnetic and thermal phenomena in high temperature superconductor. The control volume method is used for the resolution of the partial derivative equations characterising of the treated physical phenomena. The electromagnetic and thermal coupling is ensured by an alternate algorithm. All mathematical and numerical models thus developed and implemented in Matlab software, are used for the simulation. The results in magnetic term and those in thermal term are largely presented. The validity of the suggested work is reached by the comparison of the results so obtained to those given by the experiment
Nguyen, Minh-Duc. "Modélisation numérique discrète des matériaux bitumeux". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET003/document.
Texto completoBituminous mixtures have traditionally been used in road constructions and recently under railway ballast. Its high rigidity at relatively low ambient temperatures and high frequency explains its widespread application in northern Europe. This material has been studied at the global level by both empirical, experimental and analytical approaches. However, the asphalt has a heterogeneous internal structure and complex which may cause complex behavior. The analysis at the local level then make it possible to supplement the knowledge of its behaviors.Nowadays, the method of discrete elements is known as a numerical tool spread in the granular field. It can model its behavior through local models and provide information about its internal structure. On the one hand, this method considers that the particles are quasi-solid. Its displacement is governed by the laws of motion. On the other hand, the overlap at the particle contact level is allowed. The interpenetration of the particles is calculated by the associated local contact laws. This thesis constitutes a numerical model of bituminous mixes whose isolated particles interact through laws of interaction at a distance. This model takes into account the granulometry of the aggregates (> 1 mm) and its volume ratio with respect to the mastic constituted by grains (<1 mm), the binder and voids. The aggregates (> 1 mm) alone are modeled by numerical particles, while mastic is taken into account by laws of interaction.First, an elastic simulation is performed in order to reproduce the elastic asymptotic behaviors of a reference bituminous mix of GB3 type that appear during extreme conditions (frequency or temperature). Elastic interaction laws have applied to the created numerical model. In both normal and tangential directions, the stiffness of the spring and its ratio are constant.Then, the viscoelastic simulations are performed to reproduce the viscoelastic behavior of the same reference material. At first, a Kelvin-Voigt interaction law is used to qualitatively highlight the application of a viscoelastic law. Then, the global viscoelastic behavior is modeled at the level of the particles by some laws of interaction of type 1KV1R (a Kelvin-Voigt and a spring in series) leaving again to the network of interaction of the numerical model. The stiffness of the springs taking into account the geometry of the particle interface is constant for all models of 1KV1R. However, the viscosities of the dashpots are different. Some hypotheses are examined to distribute its viscosities in the interaction network. At the end of the studies, the analysis of the internal efforts are carried out
Colliat, Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation numérique des matériaux hétérogènes : Applications aux matériaux à matrice cimentaire". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556998.
Texto completoCastets, Aurore. "RMN de matériaux paramagnétiques : mesures et modélisation". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664817.
Texto completoLeroux, Julien. "Modélisation numérique du contact pour matériaux composites". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961209.
Texto completoFaraoun, Houda Imane. "Modélisation des propriétés thermomécaniques des matériaux abradables". Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2008.
Texto completoAbradable seals are made for gas flux control in turbines and compressors. Good abradability implies reasonably low rigidity and sufficient hardness to resist to erosion, corrosion, oxidation, thermal choc and spontaneous combustion. Abradable materials consistent of a mixture of several structural elements: metallic matrix, solid lubricant phase and controlled amount of porosity. The development of composition and structure of abradables was until now mostly empirical using wear-maps, when theoretical studies resume to few schematic models established on experimental observations. In this thesis, we initiate a model that serves to structure improvement of abradables. It's a part of larger research activity within a European project aiming at developing enhanced abradables coatings by controlling the microstructure and its impact on mechanical properties. The first activity was to acquire more understanding on the relation between abradability and structure using morphological description of coatings. An image analysis approach was developed to quantify the geometrical parameters of structural elements. It is then used to get quantitative thermomechanical properties of some reference coatings by means of finite element analysis. A procedure for properties prediction for coatings before their spraying is proposed and the simulation tools necessary to its application created
Escoda, Julie. "Modélisation morphologique et micromécanique 3D de matériaux cimentaires". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00741312.
Texto completoBousquet, David. "Modélisation de l'adsorption dans les matériaux nanoporeux flexibles". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924733.
Texto completoYunus, Yuhanis. "Modélisation discrète du comportement cyclique des matériaux granulaires". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECDL0033.
Texto completoVo, Thanh Trung. "Modélisation de la rhéologie des matériaux granulaires humides". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS103.
Texto completoBy means of extensive particle dynamics simulations in three dimensions, we investigate the rheology and agglomeration process of granular materials such as wet powders, which involve cohesive and viscous interactions in addition to frictional contact forces. In shear flow simulations, we show that the flow variables such as effective friction coefficient and packing fraction and texture variables such as coordination number and anisotropy can be described as a function of a single dimensionless number that incorporates the inertial, cohesive and viscous forces. We also study the evolution of an agglomerate inside a granular shear flow of dry particles and in a rotating drum containing wet particles. The evolution of the agglomerate depends on the accretion and erosion dynamics, which are governed by cohesive interactions. We determine the phase-space diagrams in terms of the agglomerate growth, deformation, damage and erosion as a function of the cohesion index and inertial number. The compressive strength of the agglomerates is also investigated under diametral compression and shown to be proportional to the adhesion force between the particles with a pre-factor that depends on the connectivity of the primary particles
Preechawuttipong, Itthichai. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique de matériaux granulaires cohésifs". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20033.
Texto completoPaquin, Anne. "Modélisation micromécanique du comportement élastoviscoplastique des matériaux hétérogènes". Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Paquin.Anne.SMZ9830.pdf.
Texto completoBénazet, Stéphane. "Apport de la modélisation moléculaire aux matériaux energétiques". Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22009.
Texto completoRagheb, Mostafa. "Modélisation des propriétés des matériaux ferroélectriques displacifs monocristallins". Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT2017.
Texto completoThe ferroelectric displacive materials present an increasing interest in the industrial field, in particular for telecommunications, because of the tunability of the permittivity or of the piezoelectric coefficient. The objective of this PhD thesis is a better understanding of the properties of these materials by carrying out a theoretical study. At the nanometric scale, the effects of temperature, of a mechanical stress or of an applied electric field are examined in particular in terms of the deformation of the unit cell and the change of the dipole moment. It is then possible to obtain the permittivity or the piezoelectric coefficient according to these variables, in the both polar and non-polar phases. To describe the properties of a ferroelectric displacive material at microscopic scale, we must add to the previous description the notion of domain of polarization. When the material is submitted to an external solicitation, the walls separating the different domains move. The study of this motion provides the variation of the polarization, of the deformation, of the permittivity or of the piezoelectric coefficient as a function of applied electric field or mechanical stress (hysteresis and butterfly loops). The role of defects in the material is taken into account by considering pinning and depinning of the walls by these defects. A distinction is carried out between minor loops, for which the density of domain walls is constant, and the major loops where one must take into account the variation of the density of walls
Issa, Walaa. "Modélisation du couplage thermohydrique dans les matériaux cimentaires". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I112.
Texto completoThe evaluation and prediction of the durability of cement-based materials require knowledge of sorption isotherms at different temperatures. The objective of this study is to model the isotherms of desorption of cementitious materials and their evolution as a function of temperature.This work is mainly devoted to the development of a model with parameters related to the type of material, its formulation and its microstructural, hydric and thermodynamic characteristics.The porous network is divided into two main parts based on the condition of the water: capillary or adsorbed.The first part, the capillary porosity, consists of two porous modes, the large and small capillary pores. Capillary condensation during desaturation is modelled by the bimodal Kosugi model, the parameters being deduced from the mercury intrusion porosity curves considering a lognormal distribution of each pore mode.The second part is the adsorption porosity consisting of the micropores and the layer adsorbed to the walls of the capillary pores, it is fixed from the water porosity and the mercury intrusion porosity also considering a lognormal distribution of the pores.The desorption process of the adsorbed layer is modelled by the three-parameter BSB model.The parameter W_m is deduced from the distribution curve fixed at different temperatures, it represents the effect of the modification of the porous network and the properties of the adsorbate with temperature.The parameters C and k represent the effect of thermodynamics; they are fixed for each type of material based on experimental data, considering an exponential evolution as a function of temperature.The combination of the two models allows the prediction of the isothermal desorption curves of cementitious materials at moderate temperatures without the need for parameter calibration.Experimental isotherms are performed for the validation of the combined model
Andrea, Luc. "Modélisation du transport thermique dans des matériaux thermoélectriques". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066122/document.
Texto completoThermoelectric materials provide a way to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. Nonetheless, their low efficiency is the main obstacle for global scale applications. Experimentally, specific treatments can lead to great improvement in the efficiency, mainly by lowering the thermal conductivity. This thesis is aimed at calculating from first principles, the thermal transport properties in perfect and doped half-Heusler thermoelectric materials. We begin with a theoretical analysis of the harmonic and anharmonic properties of phonons for perfect phases.The density functional theory is used to deduce the phonons lifetime from phonon-phonon interactions. The lifetimes are integrated into the Boltzmann transport equation for the phonon density, which solution allows us to compute fully ab initio the lattice thermal conductivity. The purpose of point defects is to scatter the phonons and thus reduce thermal conductivity. We developed two methods to account for the defects on thermal transport. The first one, based on a mean field approach, is suitable for the high concentration regimes. The second one in the framework of Green functions theory is used for dilute regimes. Both methods consistently show that the main reduction of thermal conductivity is already obtained within around 10 % of solute elements in NiTiSn, NiZrSn and NiHfSn
Andrea, Luc. "Modélisation du transport thermique dans des matériaux thermoélectriques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066122.
Texto completoThermoelectric materials provide a way to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. Nonetheless, their low efficiency is the main obstacle for global scale applications. Experimentally, specific treatments can lead to great improvement in the efficiency, mainly by lowering the thermal conductivity. This thesis is aimed at calculating from first principles, the thermal transport properties in perfect and doped half-Heusler thermoelectric materials. We begin with a theoretical analysis of the harmonic and anharmonic properties of phonons for perfect phases.The density functional theory is used to deduce the phonons lifetime from phonon-phonon interactions. The lifetimes are integrated into the Boltzmann transport equation for the phonon density, which solution allows us to compute fully ab initio the lattice thermal conductivity. The purpose of point defects is to scatter the phonons and thus reduce thermal conductivity. We developed two methods to account for the defects on thermal transport. The first one, based on a mean field approach, is suitable for the high concentration regimes. The second one in the framework of Green functions theory is used for dilute regimes. Both methods consistently show that the main reduction of thermal conductivity is already obtained within around 10 % of solute elements in NiTiSn, NiZrSn and NiHfSn
Largeteau, Alain. "Élaboration, caractérisation et modélisation de céramiques magnétodiélectriques à couches d'arrêt". Bordeaux 1, 1990. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173432.
Texto completoMdarhri, A. "Propriétés électromagnétiques de matériaux hétérogènes: Approche expérimentale et modélisation". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583599.
Texto completoBouëssel, du Bourg Lila. "Modélisation de verres de tellure, matériaux pour l’optique infrarouge". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S100/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the rationalisation of telluride glasses, with a high applicative potential. Results have been obtained using ab initio molecular dynamics and NMR parameters calculations on different nuclei. In order to validate our glasses models, theoretical results have been compared to available experimental data, as neutron or X-rays scattering structure factors or NMR spectra. The first part describes theoretical methods employed, whereas the two next chapters focus on the use of GIPAW formalism to obtain NMR parameters of 73Ge and 125Te, on crystalline and/or molecular systems. In the case of 125Te, we calibrated a linear function that relates calculated isotropic shielding and isotropic chemical shift. For the 73Ge, we took into account thermal effect to get averaged NMR parameters, by considering several configurations taken from a 300 K molecular dynamics. The next part is a structural study of amorphous GeTe4, where the impact of the size of simulated cells and the functional used, has been analysed. A comparison of theoretical and experimental structure factors, allowed a description of germanium and tellurium first coordination sphere. The comparison of experimental and theoretical 125Te NMR spectra did not disprove these results. Fifth and sixth parts deal with glasses of ternary systems Ge-Se-Te and Ge-Ga-Te. The validation of our models with 77Se, 125Te, 69Ga and 71Ga NMR and structure factors, permitted us to characterize the role of selenium or gallium on glasses structures. Last chapter is dedicated to chalcohalide glasses from the binary system Te-Cl. Solid state NMR, X-rays and neutron diffraction, combined with ab initio calculations, let us make changes in previews suggested structural models
Verron, Erwan. "Modélisation du comportement des structures et des matériaux élastomères". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833719.
Texto completoNguyen, Thu Trang. "Modélisation par éléments finis de matériaux composites magnéto-électriques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00663218.
Texto completoDumazet, Sylvain. "Modélisation de l'apparence visuelle des matériaux - Rendu Physiquement réaliste". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470649.
Texto completoLenoir, Gilles. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement mécanique de matériaux supraconducteurs". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC044/document.
Texto completoSuperconducting cables are widely used in high field magnets and have recently been extended to electricity transport. Cables are composed of a complex assembly of superconducting strands, themselves composed of superconducting filaments twisted in a metallic matrix and surrounded by an outerlayer. The electrical-strain dependence of individual strands is known to be responsible for the degradation of the electrical performance of cables. Thus, it is necessary to understand and predict the mechanical behavior at the strand scale to predict the electrical properties and optimize the manufacturing process of cables to achieve higher fields and better transport capabilities.A multi-scale mechanical characterization of Nb3Sn and MgB2 strands was carried out through tests on complete strands and strands without an outer-layer. A specific device was developed for uniaxial tests on small brittle wire. Nano-indentation tests were also carried out to access to the local properties of each material in the strand.A strategy for the modeling and identification of the mechanical behavior of strands was developed. The model is based on a simplified representation of the structure built from the component volume fractions and the nanoindentation tests. The identification of the parameters is carried out using the experimental database previously developed. The model is intended to be subsequently used to simulate the coupled mechanical and electrical behavior of cables.Discussion about damage phenomenon in strands is carried out through the study of strain localization observed in strands, observations and analyses after interrupted tests, and tensile tests performed in an X-ray tomograph
Piacenza, Guy. "Nouveaux matériaux énergétiques, modélisation et préparation de polyamines hétérocycliques". Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30081.
Texto completoGhaouti, Abdelwahab. "Modélisation numérique des matériaux granulaires à interactions à distance". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1641_aghaouti.pdf.
Texto completoThe numerical simulation of the behaviour of granular materials interacting at large scale, using the TRUBAL software of Peter Cundall, is the topic of this thesis. This software is described by recalling the principle of the Discrete Element Method (D. E. M. ) and the particularity of TRUBAL. In this method, particles motion is described by integration of motion equations and contact forces are calculated by using an appropriate contact law. The theoretical approach developed at "Ecole Centrale de Lyon" that lies the global behaviour of a granular material to its local behaviour is then presented : the statistical homogenisation approach. The first medium studied is the soap bubbles medium for which many experiments made at "Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systemes" of the "Ecole Centrale de Lyon" help us to fixe the modelling. The interaction law between soap bubbles is formed by an attractive part at large scale, which requires modifications of the Trubal software, and a linear elastic part at short scale. Homogeneous tests showed that the simulated behaviour is representative of the behaviour generally observed. The effect of the set of attractive forces is described by using a cohesive stress tensor which was defined by homogenisation. The expression of the tensor is obtained by using a radial distribution function. The homogenisation approach allowed to define the global behaviour of the medium from the local contact law : numerical tests are in good agreement with the theory. Two non-homogeneous tests showed the ability to use the Trubal software to simulate Tribological problems on interfaces: the indentation test of a thin half layer with a crystalline punch and the alternate shearing (friction and wear) of an amorphous layer (third body). The second medium studied is a granular material with capillary forces. The modelling of the capillary forces by the Laplace-Young relation allowed to carry out homogeneous and non-homogeneous tests. A non-confined triaxial test showed the influence on the behaviour of the water presence in the medium. Otherwise the influence is negligible under an important confinement. Non-homogeneous tests concern bidimensionnal flows in silos in different conditions: capillary cohesion (moisture content) or not, the outlet width ant the angle of the walls. The formation of arches is particularly studied as well as the stress distribution on the walls. The set of this results show the advantage of the Discrete Element Method to analyse the behaviour of granular materials interacting at large scale
Laradi, Nadir. "Modélisation du comportement des matériaux traites aux liants hydrocarbones". Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0063.
Texto completo[This study tends to improve the structural calculation rules in Civil Engineering. Th general frame of this research is that the continuum mechanics, according to the actual evolution of the methods used in Civil Engineering. This first part deals with several mathematical tools useful to describe the continuum mediums, and the constitutive laws of geo-materials. In the second part, we present the classical tests carried out on bituminous concrete and the specific ones. Then, we present the main results of the experimental study about the evolution of the mechanical properties of a bituminous concrete, This stud has been carried out with the help of a sophisticated apparatus : the automatized revolution triaxial test developed in. The Geomaterials laboratory of the E. N. T. P. L Finally, we present a numerical simulation of some of the homogeneous tests using DI BENEDETTO's constitutive law. The experimental study of the evolution of the response of a bituminous concrete according to the direction of solicitation (ANISOTROPY OF THE MATERIALS. At last, the fourth part is devoted to the theoretical study of the evolution of the "YOUNG"'s modulus E according to the direction of the solicitation, using the behaviour constitutive laws developed for geo-materials. ]
Quirion, Yann. "Impact sur matériaux métalliques : modélisation des phénomènes de rupture". Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2103.
Texto completoOur work contributes to the substitution of expensive trials by reliable simulations allowing the identification of empirical laws of vulnerability. In particular, we want to predict, in case of metallic fragments impact on metallic plates, the perforation of the target as well as the fragmentation of the projectile and the target. We choose to represent these rupture phenomena by loss of uniqueness for the solution of the thermomechanical balance equation. A Thermo Elastic Plastic Viscoplastic (TEPV) model is developed and identified. Two separated variables are introduced to describe plasticity on the one hand and viscoplasticity on the other hand. These two issues are implemented in the finite elements code ABAQUS/Explicit. An explicit scheme with a convergence criterion of sub-incrementation is used to integrate the strain rate. The simulation results confirm the experimental tendencies for impacts at 1000 m/s with normal and slant incidence (45ʿ)
Mdarhri, Ahmed. "Propriétés électromagnétiques de matériaux hétérogènes : approche expérimentale et modélisation". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13372.
Texto completoGaillac, Romain. "Modélisation moléculaire des propriétés physico-chimiques de matériaux microporeux". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEC005.
Texto completoDuring this PhD, we perform studies based on numerical simulation (Ab initio molecular dynamics for instance) of physico-chemical properties for crystalline adsorbents industrially used, like zeolites,or could be used someday, like hybrid materials or MOFs (Metal–Organic Frameworks). We are primarily interested in adsorption properties of molecular fluids and their mixtures but also in the mechanical and thermal behaviors of nanoporous solids. The aim is to reveal relationships between molecular structures and properties, via multiscale modeling, to construct a rational design approach for such materials
Ben, Bettaieb Mohamed. "Modélisation du comportement des matériaux polycristallins par homogénéisation périodique". Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22067.pdf.
Texto completoWe propose in this work an approach based on the multilevel finite element method (FE2). This method consists in meshing the structure in finite elements and considering that each macroscopic integration point of the structure mesh is a basic cell composed by several single crystals. These basic cells themselves are meshed in finite elements. The transition between the two geometrical scales is ensured by the periodic homogenization technique. Thus the contribution of our numerical approach is carried out on three different geometrical scales: the single crystal, the polycrystal and the polycrystalline structure. On the single crystal scale, we developed two numerical algorithms allowing the local integration of its behavior law. On the polycrystal scale, we established the eulerian-lagrangian equivalence in the context of the periodic homogenization
Ly, Hai Bang. "Matériaux polymères fonctionnalisés à double porosité : conception et modélisation". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1144/document.
Texto completoPolymer-based porous materials have been the subject of intense research for many years and present some important advantages over their inorganic counterparts, such as tunable mechanical properties, ease to be functionalized, and especially lower production cost. Over the last decade, materials with dual porosity have attracted a particular attention from the scientific community, as these peculiar materials offer new interesting perspectives for engineering sustainable materials. The role of each porosity level is different and associated with distinct mass transfer processes. Macropores (~100 µm) would allow macromolecules and cells flow through the material, while a nanoporous network (10-100 nm) would be dedicated to the passage of smaller molecules, thus acting as a second transport mechanism, especially when macropores are totally clogged. The first part of this work addresses the development of versatile and effective approaches to biocompatible doubly porous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)-based materials. The first approach relied on the use of two distinct types of porogen templates, i.e. a macroporogen and a nanoporogen. To generate the macroporosity, either NaCl particles or PMMA beads that could be fused or not, were used in order to control the pore morphology and interconnectivity of the materials. The nanoporosity was obtained by using various amounts of different porogenic solvents, thus generating a wide range of pore size distributions for this second porosity level. The second methodology was based on the thermally-induced phase separation process. A co-solvent mixture constituted of dioxane and water was used to solubilize previously prepared linear PHEMA, followed by a solidification process by freezing the co-solvents/PHEMA mixture, and subsequent sublimation of the co-solvents to generate the corresponding biporous PHEMA materials. Finally, advantage of doubly porous materials was taken through different functionalization reactions using carbonyldiimidazole chemistry, and further immobilization of in-situ generated gold nanoparticles. Such hybrid doubly porous materials proved to act as efficient catalytic supports. In the second part, we numerically determined the permeability of doubly porous materials. The methodology was based on a double upscaling approach in the field of periodic homogenization theories and on unit cell calculations. The first upscaling consisted in the determination of a first permeability associated with the array of nanoscopic pores. At this scale, the pores were saturated by a viscous fluid obeying the Stokes equations and the problem was solved by means of standard Finite-Element approaches or using more recent techniques based on Fast Fourier Transform. At the mesoscopic scale, the fluid flow obeyed the Stokes equations in the macropores and the Darcy equations in the permeable solid. The unit cell problem coupling Darcy and Stokes equations was solved by the Finite Element method in order to compute the final macroscopic permeability. To this purpose, we developed a method based on a mixed variational formulation which was implemented by taking different elements in the solid and fluid regions. Various 2D and 3D examples were provided to illustrate the accuracy and the capacity of the proposed numerical methods to compute the macroscopic permeability of biporous materials
Nguyen, Thanh Hai. "Modélisation numérique et rhéologie des matériaux à particules déformables". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT273/document.
Texto completoSoft-particle materials are complex forms of matter that occur in numerous applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food products. Joint effects of disorder and large particle deformations lead to novel mechanical properties that differ from those of rigid-particle materials. In particular, the compressibility and shear resistance depend on both particle rearrangements and their shape change. In this doctoral work, we developed an original approach for numerical simulation of these systems. To allow the particles to deform without breakage, each particle is modeled as an aggregate of frictionless primary particles interacting via a Lennard-Jones attraction force and impenetrability constraints. Energy dissipation by inelastic collisions between primary particles leads to the plastic nature of particle deformations. This model was used to investigate the compaction and shear behavior of soft-particle systems. We find that the compressibility is strongly nonlinear as the packing fraction increases beyond that of a random close packing of rigid particles. In continuous shearing, a critical state is reached with a dilatancy that depends on the confining pressure. In this state, we investigate the shear resistance, distributions of particle shapes, fabric properties and inter-particle forces as a function of the confining pressure. We also compare our results with those obtained by using the Material Point Method (MPM) with elastic particles
Koutsawa-Tchalla, Adjovi Abueno Kanika C.-M. "Contribution à la modélisation multi-échelle des matériaux composites". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0119.
Texto completoWe propose in this thesis several approaches for improving the multiscale modeling and simulation of composites’ behavior. Accurate and reliable modeling of the mechanical response of composite materials remains a major challenge. The objective of this work is to develop simplified methodologies based on existing homogenization techniques (numerical and analytical) for efficient prediction of nonlinear behavior of these materials. First choice has been focused on the Mean-field homogenization methods to study the elasto-plastic behavior and ductile damage phenomena in composites. Although restrictive, these techniques remain the best in terms of computational cost and efficiency. Two methods were investigated for this purpose: the Incremental Scheme Micromechanics (IMS) in One-site modeling and the Mori-Tanaka model in multi-site modeling (MTMS). In the framework of elastoplasticity, we have shown and validated by finite element method that the IMS homogenization results are more accurate, when dealing with high volume fraction composites, than the Mori-Tanaka model, frequently used in the literature. Furthermore, we have extended the Mori-Tanaka's model (MT) generally formulated in One-site to the multi-site formulation for the study of elasto-plastic behavior of composites with ordered microstructure. This approach shows that the multi-site formulation produces consistent results with respect to finite element and experimental solutions. In the continuation of our research, the Lemaître-Chaboche ductile damage model has been included to the study of elasto-plastic behavior in composite through the IMS homogenization. This latest investigation demonstrates the capability of the IMS model to capture damage effects in the material. However, the issue on the loss of ellipticity was not addressed. Finally we develop a numerical homogenization tool based on computational homogenization. This novel numerical tool works with 2D and 3D structure and is fully integrated in the conventional finite element code ABAQUS through its subroutine UMAT. The (FE2) method offers the advantage of being extremely accurate and allows the handling of more complex physics and geometrical nonlinearities. Linear and non-linear cases were studied. In addition, its combination with ABAQUS allows the use of major resources provided by this software (a panel of toolbox for various mechanical, thermomechanical and electrical analysis) for the study of multi-physics problems. This work was validated in the linear case on a two-scale analysis in bending and compared to the multi-scale method ANM (Nezamabadi et al. (2009)). Extensive work will be needed later with applications on non-linear problems to highlight the value of the developed tool
Mahmoud, Bassam. "Modélisation d'impacts sur des stratifiés composites unidirectionnels et hybrides". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30212.
Texto completoToday, composite materials are largely used in the manufacturing of aeronautical structures, in order to lighten their weight. Impact on composite structures is one of the most detrimental loading. The present study aims to develop a predictive modelling of impacts on thin unidirectional laminates in order to, firstly, better understand the damage mechanisms involved, and, secondly, be able to provide guidance for a strength improvement of these structures. First, an explicit finite element modelling of unidirectional laminates is developed based on the work of F Pascal dealing with impact modeling on helicopter blades. Thus, a new element that can represent the impact response of unidirectional plies is formulated. The behavior of the bundle of fibers is modeled with rod elements stabilized with specific 2D elements. The degradation is managed using damage based on experimental observations. The parameters of the proposed modelling strategy are identified on the basis of experimental tests carried out on T700/M21 and HTA7/913 composites. The results provided by the modeling are then validated by a comparison with experimental low velocity impact results. Finally, in order to improve the laminate strength, low velocity and medium velocity impacts on hybrid unidirectional/woven composite laminates are studied experimentally and with the developed modelling strategy
Joly, Thierry. "Modélisation de l'oxydabilité d'un matériau réfractaire carbone". Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMP602S.
Texto completoWe have studied oxydation by air of carbon-containing monolithic refractory castable to improve blast furnace lining refractory performance. In the first place, we measured temperature distribution inside the Wear lining in a blast furnace plant. We prepared a simulation model wich show high heat loss in the lining. In the second place, thermogravimetric studies of castable shown the relation between open porosity, temperature and oxidation kinetic. We data processed the test results obtained above and built a weight loss modeling. To improve refractory performance, our choice was based on the use of oxidation inhibitor to decrease carbon oxidation. By this method we obtained good results
Desbrun, Mathieu. "Modélisation et Animation de Matériaux Hautement Déformables en Synthèse d'Images". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00528678.
Texto completoBoukamel, Adnane. "Modélisation mécaniques et numériques des matériaux et structures en élastomères". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00517997.
Texto completoMarinelli, Ferdinando. "Comportement couplé des géo-matériaux : deux approches de modélisation numérique". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954405.
Texto completoNiezgoda, Mathieu. "Modélisation du transfert thermique au sein de matériaux poreux multiconstituants". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829217.
Texto completoLe, Ba Danh. "Modélisation discrète en mécanique de la rupture des matériaux fragiles". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966789.
Texto completoTaifi, Elhadi. "Modélisation des matériaux ferroélectriques de structure Bronze de Tungstène (TTB)". Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0109.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to propose the theoretical model describing the experimental phase diagram of ferroelectric materials of structure of Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze (TTB). In the first part (chapter BI), we determine, using the method of mean field, the variation of transition temperatures as function of interaction between ferroelectric dipoles. In the second part (chapter BII), we use the numerical Monte Carlo method based on the Algorithm of Metropolis, which enables us to understand the realizing phase diagram, the symmetry of corresponding phases and calculate the corresponding transition temperatures. In the third (chapter BIII) chapter we develop the phenomenological Landau theory and the theory of effective field based on the Ising-like model to determine the phase diagram of ferroelectric materials of structure TTB. The results obtained by these methods are in good agreement with the experiments performed in the laboratories LPMC of Amiens and LMCN of Marrakech and with other experimental data available in the literature
Bouajila, Wissam. "Modélisation des chambres de combustion de lanceurs (matériaux & calculs)". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066553.
Texto completoMichrafy, Abderrahim. "Modélisation et calcul pour certains types de matériaux composites endommageables". Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10616.
Texto completoBrousse, Elodie. "Modélisation et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux en couches As2GenTe3+n". Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20163.
Texto completoLachaud, Jean. "Modélisation physico-chimique de l'ablation de matériaux composites en carbone". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13291.
Texto completoCarbon-based composites are used in extreme conditions: Tokamaks, re-entry bodies, nozzle throats. Their walls undergo a surface recession, called ablation, mainly due to some gasification phenomena (oxidation or even sublimation). This work is a contribution to the improvement of the understanding of the near-wall material/environment interaction and to its modeling. Some original gasification experiments have been carried out, modeled, and quantitatively analyzed; a complex multiscale behavior of the materials is observed through their average recession velocity and a surface roughness onset mainly caused by their heterogeneous anisotropic structure. In order to explain these observations, a multiscale modeling strategy has been set up; it follows the characteristic scales of the composites: nanoscopic (carbon texture), microscopic (fiber, inter-fiber matrix), mesoscopic (yarn, inter-yarn matrix), and macroscopic (homogenized composite) scales. The proposed models notably integrate the local recession of the wall, the heterogeneous gasification reactions, and mass transfer. A numerical simulation tool, based on Monte-Carlo Random Walks, has been implemented, validated, and used to solve these models. Under some numerically validated hypotheses, an analytical homogenization provides the effective behavior of the composites as a function of the intrinsic reactivity of their components. The results of these phenomenological models have been validated by comparison to the laboratory experiments and applied for the analysis of actual applications. Physics-based criterions are made available for the choice or the fabrication of ideal materials
Elbaa, Mohamed. "Caractérisation et modélisation des matériaux supraconducteurs à haute température critique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0196.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to optimize the process of magnetization of superconducting pellets at high critical temperature (SHTC) by pulsed field magnetization (PFM) in order to use them in applications in the field of electrical engineering. In the design phase of the inductor necessary to magnetize these SHTC pellets, modeling and simulation are strongly recommended to perform the necessary calculations of the various electrical characteristics of the magnetization system. Therefore, we have developed an analytical model to study the influence of the presence of a superconducting bulk on the value of the inductance of an induction coil in a ferromagnetic circuit. The aim is to solve the Laplace and Poisson equations in different regions of interest through the magnetic vector potential. The analytical resolution was performed (carried out) using a computer code developed under MATLAB where the results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulation under COMSOL. The inhomogeneity of YBaCuO type SHTC pellets in terms of critical current density Jc was also investigated. To do this, we carried out experiments on the magnetization of these bulks by the PFM method. We have shown that the flat surface containing the crystallization germ (seed) of these pellets is characterized by a higher Jc than the other surface. Also, we studied the influence of the position of the seed crystallization in the two-pellet characterization method
Poizat, Christophe. "Modélisation numérique de matériaux et structures composites à fibres piézoélectriques". Troyes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TROY0004.
Texto completoMaestrali, Bernard. "Modélisation numérique d'une installation d'élaboration de matériaux en creuset froid". Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0036.
Texto completoDierkens, Michaël. "Mesures rhéologiques et modélisation de matériaux en cours de prise". Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0004/these.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the study during setting of two categories of heterogeneous evolving materials: concretes and cold bitumen mixes. The setting of the first ones is governed by chemical phenomena, linked to the hydration of the cement components. The other ones have a setting mainly governed by physical phenomena such as water evaporation or electric attractions. The experimental approach is based on the use of a wave propagation device in low frequency. The wave velocity and two pressure ratios, linked to the wave damping and Poisson effect, are monitored during time. The evolution of rheological moduli during setting is then obtained by inverse analysis, by means of a viscoelastic behaviour law obtained from a periodic homogenisation modeling. Experiments with concretes were performed to follow up the general evolution of setting, to characterize the impact of admixtures (air antrainer, plasticizer, retarder) and to test the possibility of studying concretes by the means of mortars. Two categories of mortars are tested: some have the same thermal properties than the one of the relative concretes, others (called Equivalent Mortars of Concrete) have the same specific area. The general evolution of the setting of cold bitumen mixes is studied, in relation with the physical transformations of the material. The impact of the variation of various parameters such as compactness, bitumen content and water content is studied. An attempt to model the evolution of shear modulus during setting by a self consistent modeling is also proposed