Tesis sobre el tema "Modélisation de la pollution atmosphérique"
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Khlaifi, Anis. "Estimation des sources de pollution atmosphérique par modélisation inversée". Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120067.
Texto completoThe identification of the pollution sources and their contributions using the measures in their environment was treated by two approaches, adapted to two different problems. In the first case, the objective is the identification of the sources as a blind source separation, by their profiles (fingerprints), and the estimation of their contributions. They are complex sources, whose emission profiles are unknown and include several species. It is through the measurements of the various species in the environment, by using statistical methods of pattern recognition (PCA, PMF, HC, KPCA, ICA), that we determined the sources profiles. The general interest of these problems lies within the evaluation of the impact of the aerosols sources. In the second case, the separation among the sources is not done any more by their profile, because there is only one chemical species; in this case, the purpose is to estimate the contributions of the chronic and known sources. We developed an original coupling between the Pasquill gaussian model and the genetic algorithms, to solve the inverse problem: source emission estimation from the measurements of an air quality monitoring network. This estimation can be realized with the aim of sources monitoring or emission inventory. Our results revealed various configurations related to the inversion of a physical model and led to the development of a methodology allowing an optimal network design
Loup, Pierre. "Modélisation de l'exposition individuelle à la pollution atmosphérique". Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T016.
Texto completoPhilippe, Christelle. "Analyse de la pollution atmosphérique aux échelles locale et régionale. Modélisation spatiale et temporelle à l'aide d'une méthode de scénarios épisodiques". Rouen, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAM0005.
Texto completoBalde, Hambaliou. "Modélisation de la pollution atmosphérique de scalaires passifs par faibles vents". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EVRY0001/document.
Texto completoThe most intense air pollution episodes occur in situations of low winds. The air pollution models overestimate or underestimate the levels in these conditions, according to models of standard deviations (σi with i = x, y, z) dispersion which they are associated. This was highlighted in the irst part of this thesis where we evaluated the efficacy of five models of dispersal patterns associated with six standard deviations, using five international databases. In the second part, we have developed two models of dispersal standard deviations (S_LMEE_Ond and S_LMEE_Taylor) from experimental databases appropriate. It has been shown and for light winds, the wind speed is non-stationary and ischaracterized by rapid fluctuations (random or turbulent) and slow fluctuations (organized). Turbulent fluctuations promote mixing of particles within the plume and slow fluctuations leading to their horizontal transport. Models of deviations developed in this thesis seem more appropriate to study the dispersion of particles by low winds. The model is based on the module S_LMEE_Taylor average wind speed (V) and standard deviations of fluctuations organized (σu and σv). ARX models and multivariate autoregressive have been developed in MATLAB to predict these parameters with a 10 min and 30 min
Glockner, Stéphane. "Contribution à la modélisation de la pollution atmosphérique dans les villes". Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12332.
Texto completoThouron, Laëtitia. "Modélisation dynamique multi-échelle de la pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1206/document.
Texto completoUrban air pollution has been identified as an important cause of health impacts, including premature deaths. In particular, ambient concentrations of gaseous pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) are regulated, which means that emission reduction strategies must be put in place to reduce these concentrations in places where the corresponding regulations are not respected. Besides, air pollution can contribute to the contamination of other media, for example through the contribution of atmospheric deposition to runoff contamination.The multifactorial and multiscale aspects of urban make the pollution sources difficult to identify. Indeed, the urban environment is a heterogeneous space characterized by complex architectural structures (old buildings alongside a more modern building, residential, commercial, industrial zones, roads, etc.), non-uniform atmospheric pollutant emissions and therefore the population exposure to pollution is variable in space and time.The modeling of urban air pollution aims to understand the origin of pollutants, their spatial extent and their concentration/deposition levels. Some pollutants have long residence times and can stay several weeks in the atmosphere (PM2.5) and therefore be transported over long distances, while others are more local (NOx in the vicinity of traffic). The spatial distribution of a pollutant will therefore depend on several factors, and in particular on the surfaces encountered. Air quality depends strongly on weather, buildings (canyon-street) and emissions.The aim of this thesis is to address some of these aspects by modeling: (1) urban background pollution with a transport-chemical model (Polyphemus / POLAIR3D), which makes it possible to estimate atmospheric pollutants by type of urban surfaces (roofs, walls and roadways), (2) street-level pollution by explicitly integrating the effects of the building in a three-dimensional way with a multi-scale model of transport chemistry (SinG) and (3) a microscale process which is the traffic-related resuspension of the particles present on the road surface with three different formulations (deterministic, semi-empirical and empirical).The interest of this thesis is to compare and evaluate the operability and performance of several air quality models at different scales (region, neighborhood and street) in order to better understand the characterization of air quality in an urban environment
Lachatre, Mathieu. "Étude de la pollution atmosphérique en Chine par modélisation et télédétection". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://theses.hal.science/tel-02914807.
Texto completoAs a result of its significant economic development, Chinese society has transformed itself and today faces a global environmental crisis. In everyday life, China’s big cities are covered with a thick smog of gas and particles, which is responsible for more than 1.6 million premature deaths, making China the most affected country by air pollution, along with its neighbor, India. In China, there are many sources of air pollution linked to human activities [traffic, industry, agriculture, energy production, construction], but also various natural sources of pollutants, in particular emissions of mineral dust from the deserts of Asia, in western China. The People’s Republic of China has begun to regulate activities that may affect air quality. The effectiveness of such actions is conditioned by the detailed knowledge of the anthropogenic contribution to this pollution and the complex relationship between primary and secondary pollutants. In this thesis, we have investigated, on the one hand, the impact of primary pollutant reduction policies on ammonia concentrations and more generally inorganic aerosols, and on the other hand, the contribution of desert aerosol to the particulate matter load in Chinese urban agglomerations. To do so, we combined data sources and tools such as satellite observations and numerical modelling. We use the CHIMERE regional chemistry-transport model to study and characterize air pollution in China. First, we carried out a detailed evaluation of the simulations performed with a configuration of the CHIMERE model set up for China. For this, we relied on satellite observations, remote sensing, and in-situ measurements of particulate concentrations and gaseous [inorganic] precursors. The results obtained show that the model works satisfactorily according to criteria given in the literature. Regarding the impact of emission reduction policies - especially for sulfur and nitrogen oxides, long term measurements with the OMI instrument aboard the AURA satellite show a sharp decrease in the atmospheric sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide columns. From these observations, it was possible to derive corrected emissions [compared to the available 2010 inventory] for the years 2013 and 2015 for NOX and SO2. The derived emission trends were then used to study the impacts on atmospheric composition, particularly on the formation of inorganic particles and associated gases such as ammonia, whose concentrations appeared to strongly increase in recent years. Simulations showed that the sharp decrease in SO2 and NO2 emissions between 2011 and 2015 led to a overall 14% decrease in nitrate, sulphate and ammonium aerosol concentrations, as well as an increase of nearly 50% of ammonia column levels, a value corroborated by the IASI observations that indicate an increase in ammonia columns of +65 ˙% under the same conditions. In a second step, the objective was to evaluate the contribution of desert aerosol to the particulate matter load in several Chinese cities. Dust emission modeling by Asian desert regions was first evaluated using remote sensing observations. Then, we verified the model’s ability to represent PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in Chinese megacities by comparing measurements of ground based observation networks. The study focuses mainly on three of the most populated PRC cities with different geographic locations, Beijing, Chengdu and Shanghai [...]
Gauthier, Alain. "Analyse d'une modélisation lagrangienne des panaches dans un modèle régional de pollution atmosphérique". Paris, ENMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0893.
Texto completoSoulhac, Lionel. "Modélisation de la dispersion atmosphérique à l'intérieur de la canopée urbaine". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0007.
Texto completoThere are many practical situations in which it is necessary to evaluate the impact of urban air pollution on health and the environment. Often, this demands rather fine scale modelling of air flow and dispersion, at the scale of the street or the quartier. In such cases it is usually necessary to include the influence of a large number of irregularly-shaped buildings. This requires the development and application of simplified, practical models, which are based on the main underlying physical phenomena. One approach which is commonly used to estimate pollutant concentrations in an isolated street is the street canyon model. Although flow and dispersion in an isolated street have been the subject of many investigations in the past, and several practical models have been proposed for idealised configurations, many questions remain unanswered. The aims of this investigation are therefore to improve our understanding of the fundamental processes which govern flow and dispersion in a single street or a group of streets, and to develop simple, operational models for these situations. The research has been carried out using numerical and experimental techniques. Numerical simulations have been carried out using the three-dimensional atmospheric boundary layer code MERCURE (a RANS model with a k-є closure) and the experiments were performed in the atmospheric wind tunnel at the Ecole Centrale de Lyon. Fluid velocities and gas concentrations were measured using LDA and FID. Initially, we studied the influence of street geometry (aspect ratio, asymmetry) on flow and dispersion within the street, when the wind blows perpendicular to the street. We have developed a model for pollutant concentrations, based on a solution of the advection-diffusion equation in a potential flow. Next we studied the influence of the direction of the wind relative to the axis of the street, and we show that the problem can be decomposed into flow parallel and perpendicular to the street. In the third part of the study we investigated the influence of street geometry and wind direction on flow and dispersion at street intersections; we show that the flow within the streets plays an important role in determining the exchange of material within the intersection. Based on these results, we then develop a model which extends the street canyon concept to a network of connected streets. This makes it possible to study the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants at the scale of the quartier. All the models developed during this work have been compared with the results from numerical simulations and experiments, and the agreement is generally good. As a final test of the models, we have used them to simulate dispersion in part of the 6th arrondissement of Lyon; the calculated concentrations show surprisingly good agreement with concentrations measured by an atmospheric pollution monitor located there
Sarrat, Claire. "Modélisation à l'échelle régionale de la pollution atmosphérique : application à la campagne ESQUIF". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30152.
Texto completoPison, Isabelle. "Modélisation inverse pour l'optimisation des sources primaires de pollution atmosphérique à l'échelle régionale". Phd thesis, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011681.
Texto completoUne méthode d'inversion des émissions anthropiques à l'échelle régionale, utilisant les mesures de routine et basée sur le modèle CHIMERE et son adjoint, a été élaborée et validée. Une technique de krigeage permet d'utiliser de façon optimale les informations disponibles dans l'espace des concentrations. L'enchaînement de cycles krigeage-optimisation améliore la qualité des résultats. Une technique d'agrégation spatiale dynamique est utilisée pour réduire la dimension du problème.
Les émissions de NOx du cadastre élaboré par AIRPARIF pour l'Ile-de-France ont été inversées pendant les étés 1998 et 1999, les épisodes de la campagne ESQUIF étant étudiés en détail. L'optimisation corrige des écarts importants entre concentrations mesurées et simulées. Cependant, d'une façon générale, le niveau de fiabilité des résultats diminue avec la densité du réseau de mesure. Les résultats présentant le plus haut niveau de confiance concernent donc les flux d'émission les plus intenses d'Ile-de-France. Les corrections apportées à la masse moyenne émise dans l'ensemble du domaine et aux profils temporels correspondant sont en accord avec l'estimation de l'incertitude sur le cadastre pour les NOx (15%) obtenue lors de la campagne ESQUIF.
Pison, Isabelle. "Modélisation inverse pour l'optimisation des sources primaires de pollution atmosphérique à l'échelle régionale". Phd thesis, Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002346970204611&vid=upec.
Texto completoA method for the inversion of anthropogenic emissions at a regional scale, using network measurements and based on CHIMERE model and its adjoint, was developed and validated. A kriging technique allows us to optimize the use of the information available in the concentration space. A dynamical spatial aggregation technique makes it possible to further reduce the size of the problem. Finally, other parameters may be inverted or debiased before the inversion. The NOx emissions from the inventory elaborated by AIRPARIF for the Paris area were inverted during the summers of 1998 and 1999, the events of the ESQUIF campaign being studied in detail. The optimization reduces large differences between simulated and measured concentrations. Generally, the confidence level of the results decreases with the density of the measurement network. Therefore, the results with the higher confidence level correspond to the most intense emission fluxes of the Paris area
Menegoz, Martin. "Modélisation globale des interactions atmosphère-aérosols". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/700/.
Texto completoAerosols influence the Earth radiative budget, both scattering and absorbing solar radiation and through their interactions with clouds. Before quantifying the impact of aerosols on climate, it is necessary to evaluate their concentration in the atmosphere. This is the topic of this work. In particular, three aerosols are studied : sulphate, black-carbon and desert dust. Multi-year simulations are analysed over Europe and high latitudes as a first step and at the global scale as a second step. They are compared with observations and with simulations performed by other models. Our model describe the atmospheric concentration of aerosols quite well. Mains sinks and sources are put forward for each aerosol, which allows to identify ways to better simulate their atmospheric distribution
Mazzuca, Muriel. "Quantification par mesures directes d'émissions polluantes gazeuses de divers grands process industriels, et modélisation d'un panache réactif". Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-49.pdf.
Texto completoTaghavi, Seyed Mohammad. "Etude de la pollution en zone urbaine et péri-urbaine à l'aide d'une modélisation méso-échelle durant la campagne ESCOMPTE". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF22454.
Texto completoLopez, Ferber Roman. "Approches RBF-FD pour la modélisation de la pollution atmosphérique urbaine et l'estimation de sources". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT006.
Texto completoSince the industrial era, cities have been affected by air pollution due to the density of industry, vehicle traffic and the density of combustion heaters. Urban air pollution has health consequences that are of increasing concern to both public authorities and the general public. This pollution can aggravate asthma and cardiovascular problems. The aim of this thesis is to locate and quantify sources of urban pollution using a dense network of noisy measurements. We have chosen to develop methods for estimating pollution sources based on physical models of pollutant dispersion. The estimation of pollution sources is therefore constrained by knowledge of the physics of the dispersion phenomenon. This thesis therefore focuses on the numerical modelling of pollutant dispersion in an urban environment and on the estimation of source terms.Because of the many constraints imposed on pollutant flows by urban buildings, the physics of dispersion is represented by computationally expensive numerical models.We have developed a numerical dispersion model based on the Finite Difference method supported by Radial Basis Functions (RBF-FD). These approaches are known to be computationally frugal and suitable for handling simulation domains with complex geometries. Our RBF-FD model can handle both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) problems. We compared this model with a 2D analytical model, and qualitatively compared our 3D model with a reference numerical model.Source estimation experiments were then carried out. They consider numerous noisy measurements in order to estimate any source term over the entire simulation domain. The various studies carried out involve twin experiments: we ourselves generate measurements simulated by a numerical model and evaluate the performance of the estimates. After testing a machine-learning approach on a one-dimensional steady-state case, we tested source term estimation methods on three-dimensional steady-state and transient cases, considering geometries without and with the presence of obstacles. We tested estimates using an original adjoint method, then an original estimation method inspired by physics-informed machine learning (PIML) and finally a Kalman filter. The PIML-inspired approach, which is currently being tested in a stationary regime, produces an estimation quality comparable to that of the Kalman filter (where the latter considers a transient dispersion regime with a stationary source). The PIML-inspired approach directly exploits the frugality of the RBF-FD direct computation model, which makes it a promising method for source estimates over large computational domains
Cousin, Frédéric. "Modélisation de l'intéraction dynamique- chimie - aérosol : campagne ESCOMPTE 2001". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30106.
Texto completoAfif, Charbel. "L'acide nitreux atmosphérique : implications dans la chimie en milieu urbain". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944178.
Texto completoMeleux, Fréderik. "Modélisation de la pollution atmosphérique à différentes échelles : confrontations simulations/mesures pour la préparation d'Escompte 2001". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30196.
Texto completoSchadkowski, Corinne. "Étude de la pollution photochimique à l'échelle régionale par modélisation eulérienne 3D et mesures spectroradiométriques". Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-245.pdf.
Texto completoDjouad, Rafik. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation de la chimie atmosphérique multiphasique". Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES014.
Texto completoTeyssedre, Hubert. "Observations satellitaires et modélisation de l'évolution à long terme de l'ozone stratosphérique et influence d'activités humaines". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30200.
Texto completoTerrenoire, Étienne. "Application des systèmes MM5-CHIMERE et MM5-FLEXPART à la modélisation de l'ozone et des PM10 sur la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10043/document.
Texto completoAir pollution is a topical subject affecting both human health and the environment. Nowadays, two kind of pollution have been intensely studied, namely, the ozone and the particulate (PMIO, PM2.5 and PM1) pollution. During the thesis, the MM5-CHIMERE and the MM5-FLEXPART systems have been set up and optimised at the PC2A laboratory in order to study ozone and PM 10 pollution events. The performance of the MM5-CHIIMERE system has been evaluated for different topography and meteorological situations. Firstly, the modelled data are compared against observed data from the Atmo-NPDC air pollution monitoring network over the June-Ju!y 2006 heat wave period. Then, the dynamical and chemical performance of the models is assessed over the Dunkerque area for two periods in April and May 2006. For those two periods, measured data were collected during a field campaign achieved by the Laboratoire de Physicochimie Atmosphérique (LPCA) of the University du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO). Finally, the MM5-FLEXPART system was used to determine the origin of an intense PM10 event over the NPDC region. The influence of anthropogenic primary emission, grid and meteorological data resolution has also becn tested
Auby, Antoine. "Modélisation à haute résolution du transport de polluants à longue distance". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735198.
Texto completoLasry, Fanny. "Analyse par modélisation tridimentionnelle des processus physico-chimiques déterminant la production d'ozone : évaluation de l'impact de scénarios d'émissions prospectifs : application au site ESCOMPTE". Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002346940204611&vid=upec.
Texto completoThis work aimed to study the physical and chemical processes determining ozone production on the Berre-Marseille area, and to evaluate the impact of prospectives emissions scenarios. In this purpose, we used a chemistry-transport eulerian model to simulate 24 ozone episodes. In a first step, this model has been adapted in order to restitute the small scale dynamic and the complex chemistry of the site. The model outputs analysis allowed us to identify the different primary and secondary compounds present during a photochemical episode, and to localize the ozone production sites. A section of the manuscript is dedicated to the study of the chemical regimes and to the identification of the compounds ans category of emitters which are the most invoved in ozone formation. Last, we expose the elaboration of emissions scenarios for the year 2010. We have drawn up an air quality balance sheet and we discuss the effects of emissions regulations at regional versus continental scales
Giguère, Jean-Denis. "Évaluation d'un modèle de luminance artificielle du ciel nocturne". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2643.
Texto completoCoddeville, Patrice. "Formation de l'ozone, polluant de la troposphère : étude expérimentale dans l'environnement et par modélisation lagrangienneévaluation de l'impact de l'heure d'été sur la pollution photooxydante". Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10078.
Texto completoPugliese, Stéphane. "Modélisation numérique des écoulements atmosphériques stratifiés : application au panache de fumée". Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11027.
Texto completoDergaoui, Hilel. "Modélisation d'une population d'aérosols multi-sources et recherche des contributions de chaque source à l'échelle urbaine avec le modèle de dispersion CHIMERE". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00806520.
Texto completoTerrenoire, Étienne. "Application des systèmes MM5-CHIMERE et MM5-FLEXPART à la modélisation de l'ozone et des PM10 sur la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10043.
Texto completoAir pollution is a topical subject affecting both human health and the environment. Nowadays, two kind of pollution have been intensely studied, namely, the ozone and the particulate (PMIO, PM2.5 and PM1) pollution. During the thesis, the MM5-CHIMERE and the MM5-FLEXPART systems have been set up and optimised at the PC2A laboratory in order to study ozone and PM 10 pollution events. The performance of the MM5-CHIIMERE system has been evaluated for different topography and meteorological situations. Firstly, the modelled data are compared against observed data from the Atmo-NPDC air pollution monitoring network over the June-Ju!y 2006 heat wave period. Then, the dynamical and chemical performance of the models is assessed over the Dunkerque area for two periods in April and May 2006. For those two periods, measured data were collected during a field campaign achieved by the Laboratoire de Physicochimie Atmosphérique (LPCA) of the University du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO). Finally, the MM5-FLEXPART system was used to determine the origin of an intense PM10 event over the NPDC region. The influence of anthropogenic primary emission, grid and meteorological data resolution has also becn tested
Vancassel, Xavier. "Modélisation microphysique de la formation et de l'évolution d'aérosols et de leurs précurseurs dans les sillages d'avions". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13023.
Texto completoCivil aviation has known for years and mainly in the developed countries an exceptional growth. This one has unfortunately been followed by an increase in the associated harmful effects, especially polluting emissions. Aircraft as any vehicle propelled by a system with combustion emits various residues such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and sulphur oxides, water etc. The main interest carried to these gas emissions, in particular within the framework of "the greenhouse effect" studies tends to mask less direct consequences, in particular the potential effects of the aerosols formed in plumes. The low temperatures reached at typical altitudes of flight (approximately 10000 m) cause indeed a fast condensation of certain species in gas phase which, in an expanding plume, are likely to form new particles having potentially chemical and radiative impacts which could modify the stratospheric equilibrium. In order to determine the features of these particles (size distribution, concentration etc. ) and to make predictions, the main processes of formation and evolution of aerosols (nucleation, growth etc. ) have been considered in a model, based on collision mechanisms. The system we have studied has been simplified by considering a gas phase water and sulphuric acid binary mixture and a primary aerosol (soot particles). The model has thus been applied to real aircraft plumes (Concorde for instance) but also to a combustion chamber on a test rig. The results, coming in particular from many sensitivity studies, should improve our understanding of the microphysical processes occurring in a plume and should also make us contribute to establish correlations between aircraft emissions and their impacts on the atmospheric equilibrium
Marelle, Louis. "Modélisation régionale des polluants à courte durée de vie (aérosols, ozone) en Arctique". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066190/document.
Texto completoThe Arctic is increasingly open to human activity due to rapid warming, associated with decreased sea ice extent. This warming is due, in part, to the effect of short-lived atmospheric pollutants (aerosols, ozone). As a result, Arctic pollutant emissions should increase in the future, and their impacts might become significant compared to the now predominant source due to pollution transport from the mid-latitudes. In this thesis, regional simulations of the Arctic troposphere are performed with the WRF-Chem model, combined with new emission estimates for oil and gas extraction and shipping in the Arctic. The model is used to analyze two case studies from recent airborne measurement datasets: POLARCAT-France in 2008, ACCESS in 2012. First, I investigate an aerosol transport event from Europe to the Arctic in spring 2008, in order to improve our understanding of this major source of Arctic pollution. Second, I determine the air quality and radiative impacts of shipping emissions in Northern Norway in summer 2012, where most current Arctic shipping occurs. I use these results to validate modeled pollution, and to improve WRF-Chem for Arctic studies. The updated model is used to investigate the current (2012) and future (2050) impacts of Arctic shipping and Arctic gas flaring in terms of air quality and radiative effects. Results show that Arctic flaring emissions are and should remain a strong source of local black carbon aerosols, causing warming, and that Arctic shipping is already a strong source of aerosols and ozone during summer. In 2050, diversion shipping through the Arctic Ocean could become a major source of local surface aerosol and ozone pollution
Lemaire, Vincent. "Modélisation de l'aérosol organique : impact sur la pollution longue-distance en Europe". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1057/document.
Texto completoNowadays, particular pollution is at the center of many environmental concerns because of its health effects and of its interactions with climate issues. Organic aerosols represent an important part of particular matter. They can be directly emitted as particulate matter or results from the oxidation of many different volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere. Owing to the large variety of its biogenic and anthropogenic emission sources, organic aerosol composition as well as its formation and chemical aging processes are still questioning. Field observations of organic aerosol aging and transport are quite complex to set up. This is why modeling tools remain a necessary complementary approach to describe the formation and long-range transport of the organic fraction of particulate matter. For these reasons, this work focused on the identification and the simulation of some of the main processes controlling the formation and photochemical aging of organic aerosols. Based on an innovating approach, we developed an operational chemical scheme for air quality models dedicated to the simulation of semi-volatile primary compound emission and oxidation. Its implementation and its evaluation in the CHIMERE model have been conducted through a comparison with the summer and winter MEGAPOLI campaign database. In parallel, one objective of this work was to implement oligomerization processes in our model, since it is now recognized that this process is one major pathway for organic aerosol aging
Hodzic, Alma. "Modélisation des aérosols de pollution en Ile-de-France". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001535.
Texto completoMilliez, Maya. "Modélisation micro-météorologique en milieu urbain : dispersion des polluants et prise en compte des effets radiatifs". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENPC0629.
Texto completoCortinovis, Jérôme. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des émissions biogéniques d'oxydes d'azote et d'isoprène depuis les écosystèmes naturels et aménagés:impact sur l'ozone". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30162.
Texto completoIn order to build a national inventory of nitrogen oxides from agricultural activities, an algorithm deduced from laboratory experiments was coupled with the CERES crop model to simulate NOx flux at the soil level. Simulations on a year basis allow the estimation of emission factors. NOx fluxes were integrated at the regional scale for three administrative regions. A new version of the SURFATM SVAT model integrating NOx emissions and NOx-O3 basic chemistry simulates ozone and NOx surface-atmosphere exchanges. Two contrasted sites from the ESCOMPTE experiment were used to validate this new approach. The canopy reduction factor, that is the actual proportion of NOx emitted above the canopy, was calculated, this net emission being included in a meso-scale model. The contribution of isoprene emissions, the major contributor in the COV global inventory, to ozone production has been evaluated for the ESCOMPTE experiment. This contribution is a function of the anthropogenic plume degree of maturation. The contribution appears to be mostly important in the suburban and rural areas. Coupling an algorithm combining high and low frequency terms with the SVAT ISBA-Ags allows for simulations of isoprene emissions at the canopy scale including a seasonal variation. Summer emissions appear to be preponderant when compared to spring and autumn ones. Coupling with the MesoNH-Chemistry model shows the maximum seasonal contribution of isoprene emissions to ozone production during summer, followed by spring and autumn periods
Coman, Adriana. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle de la pollution atmosphérique urbaine à partir d'un réseau de surveillance de la qualité de l'air". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647761.
Texto completoTalbot, Charles. "Transport de la pollution atmosphérique sous influence de brise de mer dans la zone industrielle dunkerquoise". Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0209.
Texto completoThis work aims to study the impact of the sea-breeze system on the boundary layer dynamics and transport of the pollutants. In order to simulate the sea-breeze dynamics, the non hydrostatic atmospheric model Meso-NH has been applied to the Nord-Pas de Calais region. The simulations were computed at the IDRIS computational centre in Paris and the model outputs have been compared with data issued from ground based instruments lidar and sodar (LCPA laboratory , Dunkerque, France), meteorological stations and the air quality network ATMO Nord-Pas de Calais. These results allowed the analysis of a type of sea breeze having the largest occurence on the Flanders coast. The numerical simulations have shown that the sea breeze had a temporarily recirculation zone when the sea-breeze flow was accelerating. The chemistry-transport model Meso-NHC has then been applied in order to follow pollutants emitted regionally and from Dunkerque industrial area. The regional inventory of emissions has been integrated to the model with temporal coefficients applied to different categories of pollutants. These improvements allow us using the regional inventory in the numerical simulations in order to realize realistic pollutions episodes at local and regional scales. The results show that the sea-breeze circulation induces a redistribution of marine air and pollutants above the sea-breeze gravity current. The uplift, up to twice the height of the gravity current, induces a cooling of the air masses. These conditions are proneto form particules and acid clouds by a nucleation process of sulfates particles which is enhanced by both photochemistry of ozone and high relative humidity. The sea-breeze system stratifies the atmosphere and thus restrains the pollutants circulations at low altitudes. Consecutive sea-breeze days can keep the circulation of pollutants in the nearby coastal areas of emissions and favour the stagnation of the pollutants at regional scale
Marelle, Louis. "Modélisation régionale des polluants à courte durée de vie (aérosols, ozone) en Arctique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066190.pdf.
Texto completoThe Arctic is increasingly open to human activity due to rapid warming, associated with decreased sea ice extent. This warming is due, in part, to the effect of short-lived atmospheric pollutants (aerosols, ozone). As a result, Arctic pollutant emissions should increase in the future, and their impacts might become significant compared to the now predominant source due to pollution transport from the mid-latitudes. In this thesis, regional simulations of the Arctic troposphere are performed with the WRF-Chem model, combined with new emission estimates for oil and gas extraction and shipping in the Arctic. The model is used to analyze two case studies from recent airborne measurement datasets: POLARCAT-France in 2008, ACCESS in 2012. First, I investigate an aerosol transport event from Europe to the Arctic in spring 2008, in order to improve our understanding of this major source of Arctic pollution. Second, I determine the air quality and radiative impacts of shipping emissions in Northern Norway in summer 2012, where most current Arctic shipping occurs. I use these results to validate modeled pollution, and to improve WRF-Chem for Arctic studies. The updated model is used to investigate the current (2012) and future (2050) impacts of Arctic shipping and Arctic gas flaring in terms of air quality and radiative effects. Results show that Arctic flaring emissions are and should remain a strong source of local black carbon aerosols, causing warming, and that Arctic shipping is already a strong source of aerosols and ozone during summer. In 2050, diversion shipping through the Arctic Ocean could become a major source of local surface aerosol and ozone pollution
Wagner, Sébastien. "Modélisation numérique de la dispersion à méso-échelle de polluants atmosphériques par emboîtement interactif de maillages : application à la zone ESCOMPTE". Toulon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUL0004.
Texto completoThis work aims to be a contribution to the numerical techniques used in air quality modelling. Our new multiscale model "MAPOM" (Multiscale Air Pollution Model) simulates mesoscale atmospheric pollutant dispersion. To increase the model accuracy, a new mesh embedding method, allowing grid interactions at the interface, has been implemented and tested. Mass conservation, positivity, and monotonicity are ensured. MAPOM was validated on theoretical test cases. It was then applied over the area of Marseille - Etang de Berre (ESCOMPTE domain). The model and its interactive mesh embedding algorithm were proved to be efficient in handling difficult problems of air quality at mesoscale over complex terrain. The optimization of the memory, and the modular structure of this new model enable a flexible, fast and automatic management of the nested grids, and of the physical and chemical processes
Couvidat, Florian. "Modélisation des particules organiques dans l'atmosphère". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00778086.
Texto completoCrassier, Vincent. "Développement et qualification du système de modélisation physico-chimique MEso-NH-C: analyses de sensibilité de la pollution urbaine". Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU3A001.
Texto completoBugajny, Christine. "Quantification des émissions polluantes d'origine automobile et modélisation des processus de formation de l'ozone dans la ville de mexico". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10037.
Texto completoRude, Julien. "Développement d'un modèle statistique neuronal pour la description fine de la pollution atmosphérique par le dioxyde d'azote : application à la région parisienne". Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0005.
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Brulfert, Guillaume. "Modélisation des circulations atmosphériques pour l'étude de la pollution des vallées alpines". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10171.
Texto completoLocal weather phenomena observed in alpine valleys frequently lead to the accumulation of emitted anthropogenic airborne species in the low layers of the atmosphere. The development of a numerical model allows reproducing the chemical evolution of air mass during POVA intensive period of observations. In Chamonix and Maurienne valley, computations of photochemical indicators (NOy, O3/NOz, H2O2/HNO3) prove the ozone regime to be control by volatile organic compounds. Moreover simulation highlighted that the major part of this secondary pollutant is regionally produced. The development of an indicator who localised ozone production sites can help to define abatement scenarios. The chemical mechanism RACM allows describing the evolution of many species. It is possible to conclude that in winter road traffic and heating are the main sources of volatile organic compounds
Griolet, Frédéric. "Dimensionnement des rideaux d'eau : modélisation et applications industrielles". Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10039.
Texto completoNicolas, Jean-Pierre. "Ville, transports et environnement. Contributions relatives des paramètres du trafic routier affectant la pollution sonore et atmosphérique en milieu urbain". Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267185.
Texto completoL'objectif de cette thèse est de mieux se rendre compte d'une part du poids relatifs des émissions polluantes et sonores du trafic routier sur l'environnement et le cadre de vie urbain, d'autre part du poids relatif des caractéristiques du trafic routier dans ses émissions (niveau global du trafic, conditions générales de circulation, caractéristiques technologiques des véhicules).
D'un point de vue méthodologique, deux démarches ont été privilégiées. D'une part une réflexion générale a permis de mieux situer le contexte économique et social, mais aussi technique et scientifique dans lequel le travail s'inscrit. Un premier bilan statique permet ainsi de donner une idée des enjeux actuels liés aux émissions polluantes et sonores du trafic routier en milieu urbain. Chacun des 3 facteurs considérés comme affectant les émissions du trafic (Cf. ci-dessus) a également fait l'objet de ce type d'investigation. D'autre part un outil spécifique a du être développé pour mettre en évidence les liens existants entre les paramètres descriptifs du trafic et ses émissions polluantes et sonores. Nous avons utilisé un modèle d'affectation du trafic appliqué à l'agglomération lyonnaise en 1990, 1994, 2000 et 2010. Les résultats d'affectation obtenus ont permis d'établir des indicateurs de niveaux de pollution liée à la route, compte tenu d'hypothèses sur les relations entre les conditions de circulation et les émissions ainsi que sur la composition du trafic.
Aouizerats, Benjamin. "Impacts radiatifs des aérosols sur la dynamique en couche limite urbaine : application à la campagne CAPITOUL". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1591/.
Texto completoNowaday, aerosol modelling is an absolute interest for the understanding of the complex atmospheric system. The role of aerosol particles is considered crucial for air quality, meteorological and climatical purpose. Several studies show that the aerosol physical and chemical behaviours affect the atmospheric radiative budget by scaterring and aborbing the radiative fluxes. Moreover, it has also been shown that the physical and chemical description of the aerosol is necessary to give shape to water droplets. Finally, several reports from the World Health Organisation show that the fine aerosol particles can cause major diseases as cancer or pulmonary diseases, and should be now considered as a public health matter. This study takes place in this context, and aims at estimating the radiative feedbacks of urban aerosol on the boundary layer. The CAPITOUL field experiment, which took place in the city of Toulouse during one year from march 2004 to february 2005, is the framework of a modelling study during a 2-day IOP. First, an emission inventory has been set up to reproduce the gaz and particles emissions. Then, a simulation exercise aims at reproduce the aerosol evolution at the fine scale of 500 m, and the very specific spatial distribution at different resolutions. In order to estimate the impact of aerosol particles on radiation, a radiative module has been developped to compute online the aerosol optical properties depending on the complex aerosol physical and chemical parameters. The radiative fluxes are then impacted by the aerosol scaterring and aborbing behaviour, leading to change in the urban dynamics. Those feedbacks on radiative fluxes lead to a change of the boundary layer's temperature. The impacts are also compared to the urban surface impacts
Jaidan, David Nizar. "Etude des processus d'import et d'export de la pollution gazeuse et particulaire au-dessus du bassin méditerranéen dans le cadre du projet ChArMEx". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30063/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to study the import and the export processes of gaseous and particulate air pollution over the Mediterranean Basin (MB). Firstly, we investiga- ted the evolution of surface ozone (O3) over the MB over the time period 2000-2100 in a context of climate change, using the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model In- tercomparison Project (ACCMIP) outputs from 13 models. Compared to the reference period (2000), we found a net decrease in the ensemble mean surface O3 over the MB in 2030 (2100) for 3 RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathway) : -14% (-38%) for RCP2.6, -9% (-24%) for RCP4.5 and -10% (-29%) for RCP6.0. For the RCP8.5 scenario, the ensemble mean surface O3 is almost constant over the MB from 2000 to 2100. Se- condly, we identified the geographical sources and the transport pathways of polluted air masses inducing high levels of surface O3 and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in di erent regions of the MB, representative of the west, the center and the east of the MB between 2012 and 2014, using several backward trajectory statistical analyses combining in situ measurements and back trajectories obtained from the HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single- Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. In general, O3 and CO are transported to the MB from continental Europe and Eastern Europe, respectively. Finally, we studied the import and export processes of pollution over the MB using the chemical transport model MOCAGE (MOdele de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Échelle) and the HYS- PLIT model. We also investigated in situ measurements carried out during both TRAQA (TRAnsport à longue distance et Qualité de l'Air) (2012) and GLAM (Gradient in Longi- tude of Atmospheric constituents above the Mediterranean basin) (2014) field campaigns performed within the framework of the ChArMEx (The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) program. We highlighted the long-range transport of air masses rich in O3 and the impact of the Mistral wind on the air mass mixing. The budget of O3 and CO was also performed over the MB for the year 2012 using the MOCAGE model simulations. We found that the MB is an import area for CO during the spring-summer period, whilst tropospheric O3 is imported to the MB during the January-June period and exported the rest of the year
Philippe, Christelle. "Analyse de la pollution atmosphérique aux échelles locale et régionale. Modélisation spatiale et temporelle à l'aide d'une méthode de scénarii épisodiques". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006789.
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