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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Modèles statistiques – Dissertation universitaire"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Modèles statistiques – Dissertation universitaire"
Deltreil, Guillaume. "Matrices emplois expositions biomécaniques et troubles musculosquelettiques : comment modéliser au mieux les contraintes physiques par matrice dans la prédictivité des troubles musculosquelettiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2023. https://dune.univ-angers.fr/documents/dune17781.
Texto completoMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent a major occupational health issue. The growth in the number of workers affected by these pathologies is a marker of the worsening of working conditions. Job-exposure matrices area tool for assessing the impact on the relationship between these conditions and these disorders. The objective of this thesis was to study, from a lifetime perspective,musculoskeletal disorders based on data from job-exposure matrices and using statistical tools.The CONSTANCES job-exposure matrix was used as a source of exposure across this work. It is based on the cohort of the same name and gathers personal and work-related data concerning the general population. Through the development of a tool, it was possible to select a logistic regression model linking the interaction between the duration of exposure and the level of exposure with the appearance of the pathology within the framework of the study of knee pain. It was showed that the level of exposure was the most strongly impacting factor (1.34-2.81) on the onset of disorders, although the duration also increased (0.83-1.10) the risks. Secondly, it was possible to found that this same model should also be selected for the study of low back pain and severe hand pain, with similar results. Finally, using a machine learning tool, it was possible to adapt our model within the framework of the study of the imbalance data. Tor the carpal tunnel surgery, the impact of the duration (1.29) was more important than in the other studies but it is the level of intensity (1.31) which remained the most determining.In conclusion, the job-exposure matrices made it possible to obtain an assessment of the impact of different factors on the occurrence of several disorders, even in a context of data imbalance, although many more studies are needed before it can be applied by practitioners
Karpf, Léa. "Systematic Study of OX40 Ligand Context-Dependent Function on Human T Helper Cell Polarization A Quantitative Multivariate Model of Human Dendritic Cell-T Helper Cell Communication TH Cell Diversity and Response to Dupilumab in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis Inborn Errors of Type I IFN Immunity in Patients With Life-Threatening COVID-19 Quantitative Modeling of OX40 Ligand Context-Dependent Function on Human T Helper Cell SARS-CoV-2 Induces Activation and Diversification of Human Plasmacytoid Pre-Dendritic Cells". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL044.
Texto completoAdaptive immunity is mainly orchestrated by CD4 T helper cells. They have the ability to polarize in several subsets, each associated to a suitable phenotype for the encounter pathogen. T helper cell activation can be regulated by co-stimulator, such as OX40 Ligand, or co-inhibitor immune checkpoint molecules. These molecules have been studied individually, in specific conditions. However, context-dependency may explain large parts of the functional variability of biological molecules on a given output. Currently, there is no framework to analyze and quantify context-dependency of a molecule over multiple contexts and response outputs. My PhD project focused on OX40L function on T helper cell polarization, in 4 molecular and 11 cellular contexts. We measured 17 T helper cytokines and developed a statistical modeling strategy to quantify OX40L context-dependency on these cytokines. This revealed highly variable qualitative and quantitative context-dependency scores, depending on the output cytokine and context type. Among molecular contexts, Th2 was the most influential on OX40L function. Among cellular contexts, dendritic cell type rather than activating stimulus was dominant in controlling OX40L contextdependency. My thesis work unveils the complex determinants of OX40L function, provides a unique framework to quantify the context-dependent functional variability of any biomolecule, and supports that context-dependency should be more taken into consideration in future studies
Valmy, Larissa. "Modèles hiérarchiques et processus ponctuels spatio-temporels - Applications en épidémiologie et en sismologie". Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841146.
Texto completoGarcia, Aurélie. "Établissement de modèles cellulaires de cancer du sein et de l'ovaire permettant l'étude des effets des récepteurs des œstrogènes sur la proliférération et l'activation de gènes". Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1TA07.
Texto completoEstrogen Receptors a and β (ERa and ERβ), which are members of the nuclear receptors superfamily, impact on cell proliferation and difrrentiation genes expression in an opposite manner. Both transcription factors activity belong to a natural ligand, but also to many environmental molecules, efficient to bind and disrupt their mechanism. Breast and ovarian cancers can be hormono-dependant cancers. Therapies aimed at counteract ERa positive breast cancers progression are mainly based on its invalidation. Nowadays, two strategies are applied: estrogen production inhibition using aromatase inhibitors, and ERa activity inhibition by anti-estrogens. On the contrary, hormono-therapy is not proposed for ovarian cancer treatment, because of a de nova resistance which remains to be better understood. It also appears essential to improve our knowledge about breast cancer resistance acquisition mechanisms, in order to research new therapies. The aim of this work was first to precise estrogen actions on~ cell proliferati n and target genes activation. For that, we established estrogen-responsive bioluminescent breast and ovarian cancers models. These cell lines allowed us to determine effects of naturat synthetic and environmental selective ligands on natural and synthetic genes activation through ERa and ERβ. The other part of this study consisted in establishing other breast and ovarian bioluminescent cell lines, allowing us to study cell and tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We also show these bioluminescent models relevance to investigate hormono-resistance acquirement mechanisms and new anti-tumoral treatments
Plancade, Sandra. "Estimation par sélection de modèles à partir de données partiellement observées". Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05S008.
Texto completoThis manuscript presents several non parametric estimation procedures in frameworks involving partially observed data. The estimators rely on the model selection method adapted to the L2 risk (following Birge and Massart procedure) and also to the risk at a given point. The first part of the manuscript is devoted to the estimation of regression error density, and the second part to survival analysis issues: estimation of the hazard rate in presence of right censoring and estimation of the conditional distribution function from interval censored data
Carrard, Julie. "Impact d'une exposition aux nanoparticules de carbone couplées au benzo(a)pyrène sur la réponse inflammatoire dans des modèles expérimentaux d'asthme". Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S004.
Texto completoAllergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. It is characterized by therecruitment of inflammatory cells including CD4+ type 2 helper T-lymphocytes (Th), interleukin(IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 producers, eosinophils as well as mast cells and basophils. The prevalenceof asthma has continued to increase in recent decades and genetic changes cannot be solelyresponsible Air pollution, especially particulate matter, is suspected to be part of this rising trend.Atmospheric particles can be classified according to their aerodynamic diameter, includingultrafine particles (< 100 nm). These particles are potentially more harmful because of their smallsize, which gives them the ability to settle deep in the bronchial tree. They are also able to adsorbmolecules such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. However, some of these hydrocarbons,such as benzo(a)pyrene, are known to be harmful to health and in particular to the respiratorysystem. We investigated the effects of exposure to benzo(a)pyrene-bound ultrafine particles onthe inflammatory response in two experimental models of allergen-induced asthma. For this, weused a simplified model of particles from an industrial process that we call « nanoparticles ».In our first model, chronic exposure to carbon nanoparticles coupled or not to benzo(a)pyrene,was performed in C57Bl/6 mice sensitized intranasally to the allergen Dermatophagoidespteronyssinus. Nanoparticles had no effect on cell recruitment in allergen-inducedbronchoalveolar lavage. Surprisingly, co-administration of nanoparticles with the allergendecreased bronchial hyperreactivity compared to allergen alone. In contrast, we observed aneffect on lung tissue when co-exposed to benzo(a)pyrene-coupled nanoparticles and allergen.Indeed, this co-exposure induced a strong increase in Th2 cytokine expression and cellrecruitment in lung tissue compared to sensitized mice. In addition, this co-exposure modify thetype of cells recruited by the allergen, with an increase in the number of neutrophils, NKT-likecells, CD8+ T cells, Ly6C+ and Ly6C- monocytes/macrophages. These results were not found inco-exposure to nanoparticles not coupled to benzo(a)pyrene.In our second model, exposure to carbon nanoparticles, coupled or not with benzo(a)pyrène, wasperformed in C57Bl/6 mice sensitized intranasally with a low dose of the allergenDermatophagoides farinae. Preliminary results showed an adjuvant effect of nanoparticles withthe allergen on immunoglobulin E production but also on the inflammatory infiltrate in thebroncho-alveolar lavage, mainly composed of eosinophils. The expression of Th2 cytokines isalso increased by the administration of allergen with nanoparticles uncoupled to benzo(a)pyreneand not with benzo(a)pyrene-coupled particles. But, co-exposure of allergen withbenzo(a)pyrene-coupled nanoparticles induces the expression of Il-33, an alarmin produced bythe epithelium, which is also pro-Th2. In conclusion, our results suggest that nanoparticles have an impact on inflammation in allergensensitizedmice in our two experimental models. However, the dose, the amount of allergen andthe nature of the inhaled nanoparticles appear to influence the induced response in vivo
Branchereau, Julien. "Etude et techniques innovantes de préservation du pancréas dans des modèles de transplantation précliniques". Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT1008.
Texto completoPancreatic transplantation is the treatment of choice for unstable diabetes. The two main causes of early failure in this transplant are pancreatitis and venous graft thrombosis. Due to its anatomy and physiology the pancreas is an organ that is particularly sensitive to ischemia reperfusion injury. The current standard technique for preserving transplants after removal and before transplantation remains static hypothermic preservation. Changes in donor characteristics have led transplant teams to consider increasingly fragile pancreases, which are even more susceptible to ischemia reperfusion injury. The objective of this work was to establish the modalities of an innovative technique for the preservation of pancreatic transplants on a pulsatile hypothermic perfusion machine.The first step was to assess the technical feasibility and safety of this perfusion on human pancreas that had been discarded for transplantation. The second step was to test this perfusion model on nonU human primate pancreas. The third step consisted of an evaluation of the impact of hypothermic pulsatile preservation in a model of pancreatic alloUtransplantation in diabetic pigs. The fourth step was carried out in collaboration with the University of Oxford in order to develop normothermic ex situ reperfusion of the pancreas. The next step will be to assess the value of pulsatile hypothermic preservation of the pancreas with a PEG solution and oxygenation in a porcine donation model of death after circulatory arrest. We have in this study determined the parameters for hypothermic pulsatile perfusion of the pancreas and shown its effectiveness in the preserving of the exocrine pancreas. We are now working on the implementation of a clinical trial evaluating this hypothermic pulsatile perfusion
Bergeron, Sandrine. "Microhémorragies cérébrales et cognition : impact fonctionnel à court, moyen et long termes dans un modèle murin". Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S048.
Texto completoIn magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral microbleeds (CMB) appear as small, oval hypointense lesions corresponding to focal hemosiderin depositions. CMB prevalence in the general population is about 15,3%. Considered as biomarkers of small vessel diseases, CMBs are more frequent in people with cognitive impairments or dementia with a prevalence of 23% in A.lzheimer disease (AD). Several population-based studies show an effect of CMBs on cognitive functions. They could have a key role in AD pathophysiology creating a link between amyloid and vascular hypothesis. However, their cognitive impact in AD remains unclear. A new murine model of cortical microhemorrhage (CMH) has been developed in order to study with a multimodal approach, the functional impact of the cortical lesion: i) in Wild type (WT) mice without any underlying pathology, ii) in transgenic J20 mice expressing the human mutated amyloid protein precursor (APP). The effect of a pharmacological modulation by atorvastatin was also studied in this model._x000D_10 weeks-old male mice, WT and APP were operated by stereotaxic injection of collagenase 0.8 µUI/µL to induce the CMH. 24 hours after surgery, mice underwent MRI acquisition (T2* sequence) to visualize the bleeding. Mice were divided into sham, CMH and CMH treated by atorvastatin groups. Atorvastatin was administered by mixing a tablet into the mice’s standard chow at a dose of 5mg/kg/day and initiated after surgery. Follow-up included a neurobehavioral assessment (locomotor activity, anxiety, working memory, special reference memory, visiospatial memory), imaging (tesla MRI 7, positron emission tomography), and immunohistochemistry at different time from 1,5 months to 12 months post-surgery.An initial WT mice cohort assessed at 6 weeks post-surgery demonstrated an impact of CMH on anxiety, spatial reference and visuospatial memory. An improvement in cognition performances was depicted under atorvastatin indicating this CMH-model is sensitive to pharmacological modulation.A longitudinal follow-up on WT and APP groups was performed assessing cognitive performances at 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-surgery. In WT mice, the CMH group showed a decreased level of anxiety and an impaired spatial reference memory at 1.5 months. Cognitive impairment was also found at 9 and 12 months in this group. This study did not allow to conclude in a precipitating or aggravating effect of the CMH in APP mice. The treatment by atorvastatin seemed to have a positive effect on cognition in both WT and APP mice. A decreased volume of ipsilateral hippocampus was observed in all APP and WT groups at 12 months. No difference in metabolism of brain structures was found.It is hypothesized that either the presence of CMB or the cerebrovascular damages underlying their occurrence may cause cognitive impairment. This study proved that isolated CMH can affect cognitive functions in WT mice, regardless of any underlying vascular pathology. It is likely that the burden of neurodegenerative lesions exceeds the cognitive impact of the CMH in APP mice. Atorvastatin seems to have a neuroprotective effect
Le, Guern Rémi. "Colonisation digestive par entérobactéries productrices de carbapénémase dans un modèle murin : aggravation de la pneumopathie à Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S033.
Texto completoAntibiotics disrupt the gut microbiota, and are considered a risk factor of colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria. In a murine model, we studied the impact of digestive colonization with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) on the severity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Mice colonized by CPE presented a more severe pneumonia (clinical score and alveolocapillary permeability) and a higher mortality compared to controls or mice that received only clindamycin. Fecal microbiota transplant was associated with better outcomes. After infection by P. aeruginosa, lung dendritic cells and CD4 T lymphocytes were decreased in mice colonized by CPE. Gut microbiota was specifically altered in mice colonized by CPE: Muribaculaceae relative abundance was greatly reduced, associated with an expansion of the Hungatella genus. Tryptophan metabolites were modified by CPE colonization. Asymptomatic digestive colonization with CPE had a detrimental effect on the host response to P. aeruginosa pneumonia
Ramdani, Linda. "Stratégies de vaccination basées sur l’exposition de peptides ou de protéines à la surface de particules virales : modèles de l’adénovirus 5 et du bactériophage T5". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS597.
Texto completoViral vectors capable of inducing the expression of an antigen of interest and VLP composed by proteins that can self-assemble into a non-infectious but immunogenic viruslike particles have shown their potential to induce immune responses and protect against different pathogens. During my work, I became interested in two vaccination approaches based on the exposure of antigens, epitopes or proteins, on the surface of viral particles. In the first part of my thesis, I evaluated the ability of epitope-displaying adenoviruses to induce cellular immune responses in mice. Different adenoviral vectors with capsid modified by insertion of a T epitope derived from the ovalbumin model antigen have been produced and I have shown that these vectors are capable of inducing CD8+ cellular responses. In addition, I observed that this epitope display strategy was more effective in inducing cellular responses when the epitope was inserted into the hexon, regardless of the host's status towards Ad. These observations led me, in the 2nd part of my thesis, to evaluate the ability of the epitope display to induce cellular responses against a therapeutic target, the human papillomavirus. I have constructed and characterized different vectors displaying T epitopes derived from the E6 and E7 proteins of HPV16 or HPV18. Then, I analyzed their ability to induce anti-HPV cellular responses in mice. Among the different vectors produced, one Ad vector displaying a T epitope derived from HPV16 E7 protein induced CD8+ LT responses against E7 protein in mice. Finally, in the last part of my thesis, I evaluated the ability of T5 bacteriophage capsids exposing a protein fused with the ovalbumin antigen on their surface to induce humoral and cellular immune responses against this antigen. I have shown that these ovalbuminexposed capsids generate strong humoral and cellular responses. The results obtained allowed to precise the molecular bases of the effectiveness of vaccination by exposure of epitopes (epitope display) to the surface of adenoviral vectors or exposure of proteins (protein display) to the surface of capsids of the T5 phage