Literatura académica sobre el tema "Modèles de substitutions"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Modèles de substitutions"
CHATELLIER, V., B. LELYON, C. PERROT y G. YOU. "Le secteur laitier français à la croisée des chemins". INRAE Productions Animales 26, n.º 2 (17 de mayo de 2013): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.2.3138.
Texto completoAuray, Stéphane. "Consommation, effet de substitution intertemporelle et formation des habitudes". L'Actualité économique 85, n.º 4 (8 de diciembre de 2010): 437–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045072ar.
Texto completoPhaneuf, Louis. "Approche d’équilibre général stochastique du cycle économique : problèmes et réalisations". L'Actualité économique 62, n.º 1 (27 de enero de 2009): 110–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/601362ar.
Texto completoHairault, Jean-Olivier y Franck Portier. "Monnaie et inflation dans un modèle de cycles réels". Recherches économiques de Louvain 59, n.º 4 (1993): 427–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800006606.
Texto completoLaloë, Francis. "Modelling sustainability: from applied to involved modeling". Social Science Information 46, n.º 1 (marzo de 2007): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018407073659.
Texto completoRajhi, Taoufik y Patrick Villieu. "Dynamique transitoire et non-superneutralité de la monnaie dans un modèle de croissance endogène à deux secteurs". Recherches économiques de Louvain 64, n.º 2 (1998): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800004498.
Texto completoPumain, Denise y Brigitte Baccaïni. "Les migrations dans le système des villes françaises de 1982 à 1990". Population Vol. 53, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1998): 947–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.p1998.53n5.0977.
Texto completoFOGO PAWO, Romain. "déterminants objectifs de l’endettement en contexte de rationnement du crédit". Journal of Academic Finance 11, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 280–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.59051/joaf.v11i2.417.
Texto completoDupire, Marguerite. "L'ambiguïté structurale du fosterage dans une société matri-virilocale (Sereer Ndut, Sénégal)". Anthropologie et Sociétés 12, n.º 2 (10 de septiembre de 2003): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015020ar.
Texto completoKechichian, Amélie, Florian Imbert y Nicolas Pinsault. "Coopérations entre professionnels de santé en soins primaires pour la prise en charge des troubles musculosquelettiques une revue narrative". Santé Publique Vol. 35, n.º 3 (12 de octubre de 2023): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/spub.233.0271.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Modèles de substitutions"
Chakir, Raja. "Analyse microéconométrique des substitutions inter-énergétiques : application au secteur bois et papier français". Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10073.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse interfuel substitution possibilities in the pulp and paper sector in France. The proposed models are useful to evaluate the outcome of price variations or an environmental policy. First, we provide an empirical application of the virtual price approach to the problem of cormer solutions in the case of panel data. The econometric model is an endogenous switching regime model which requires the evaluation of multivariate probability integrals. We estimate the random effect model by maximum likelihood using a panel of French plants from the paper and pulp industry. Next, we propose a Simulated Maximum Likelihood technique for estimation of the simultaneous equation demand system in the case of five forms of energy. Finally, our estimates are used to predict the outcome of an environmental policy aimed at reducing CO2 emissions in the paper and pulp industry. Results show that there are real interfuel substitution possibilities in this sector
Bourdon, Marie-Bénédicte. "Analyse des substitutions entre énergies dans le secteur résidentiel". Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOE008.
Texto completoHere we first make an attempt for identifying factors which have an impact on demand for energy in home. In a first step, we analyse , over the last decades, the intensity of energy use of various technical possibilities of supplying energy. Focusing the analyse on home appliances and various types of heating equipment we present a retrospect view on the dynamics of household energy demand. I a second step we introduce an econometric modelling process dealing on substitution between various types of energies. Starting with a "translog" model, we find more accurate predictive confidence intervals through a bootstrap process. At this level we must take in account the imperfect condition by which the energy market is ruled ; thus as validation a discrete choice model is tested that reveals a tendency toward complementary rather than substitution effects. Finally a forecast analysis is used to predict house heating units in year 2020
Sinot, François-Régis. "Stratégies Efficaces et Modèles d'Implantation pour les Langages Fonctionnels". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001952.
Texto completoMauguière, Frédéric. "Etude de la dynamique vibrationnelle de molécules triatomiques par les orbites périodiques et leurs bifurcations à partir de modèles effectifs et ab initio : états excités et effets de substitutions isotopiques". Reims, 2009. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00001115.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis work is devoted to vibrational dynamics of triatomic molecules nucleus. For this problem we have a double approach. First, we make quantum calculations by variational, DVR and contact transformations methods. Then we use nonlinear dynamics methods to interpret quantum results. The first part recalls some mathematics about dynamical systems and bifurcation theory. A review of the problem of vibrations in molecular physics is also given. The second part concerns dynamics of vibration with effective models. These models consist of effective hamiltonians built by contact transformations methods. A correspondence principle is used to obtain classical hamiltonians and then make a periodic orbit analysis. These periodic orbits are systematically compared with quantum wave functions. Finally, the last part discusses the dynamics of vibration directly from the potential energy surface. We lead quantum variational and DVR calculations with large basis. The study of periodic orbits brings to light the quantum results. In a first time we are interested in C2v symmetry group molecules. Then we are interested in isotopic substitions who break the symmetry from C2v to Cs
Baudoui, Vincent. "Optimisation robuste multiobjectifs par modèles de substitution". Phd thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742023.
Texto completoDe, lozzo Matthias. "Modèles de substitution spatio-temporels et multifidélité : Application à l'ingénierie thermique". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0027/document.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis deals with the construction of surrogate models in transient and steady states in the context of thermal simulation, with a few observations and many outputs.First, we design a robust construction of recurrent multilayer perceptron so as to approach a spatio-temporal dynamic. We use an average of neural networks resulting from a cross-validation procedure, whose associated data splitting allows to adjust the parameters of these models thanks to a test set without any information loss. Moreover, the construction of this perceptron can be distributed according to its outputs. This construction is applied to the modelling of the temporal evolution of the temperature at different points of an aeronautical equipment.Then, we proposed a mixture of Gaussian process models in a multifidelity framework where we have a high-fidelity observation model completed by many observation models with lower and no comparable fidelities. A particular attention is paid to the specifications of trends and adjustement coefficients present in these models. Different kriging and co-krigings models are put together according to a partition or a weighted aggregation based on a robustness measure associated to the most reliable design points. This approach is used in order to model the temperature at different points of the equipment in steady state.Finally, we propose a penalized criterion for the problem of heteroscedastic regression. This tool is build in the case of projection estimators and applied with the Haar wavelet. We also give some numerical results for different noise specifications and possible dependencies in the observations
Benard, Emmanuel. "Extension des modèles stochastiques de substitution de nucléotides et son implémentation informatique". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6212.
Texto completoA first stochastic evolution model of genes was developed by Jukes and Cantor in 1969. One substitution type per nucleotide is taken into account with this model. It was then generalised, in particular with two (Kimura 1980) and three substitution parameters per nucleotide (Kimura 1981). An extension of these models to genetic motifs of size 2 (dinucleotides) and 3 (trinucleotides) was proposed by Frey and Michel in 2006 and Michel in 2007. These extended models allow to study evolution of occurrence probabilities of genetic motifs, both in direct (past-present) and inverse (present-past) evolutionary directions, thanks to analytical solutions computed according to substitution parameters. In this work, we first focused on the extension of these stochastic substitution models for nucleotides, dinucleotides and trinucleotides to genetic motifs of any size, by using a new approach based on Kronecker's operations. A second part was dedicated to the development of a research software SEGM (Stochastic Evolution of Genetic Motifs) allowing the computation of analytical occurrence probabilities of genetic motifs of size 1 to 5 and evolution plots of these motifs. We present an application of these analytical stochastic models to the inverse evolution of splice sites of human genomes introns. In a third part, we developed a numerical stochastic evolution model for trinucleotides with dynamic substitution blockings. We present an application of this model to the inverse evolution of the universal circular code X0 (codon set) discovered in 1996 by Arquès and Michel in eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes
Loreau, Tanguy. "Construction automatique de modèles multi-corps de substitution aux simulations de crashtests". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC082/document.
Texto completoAt Renault, to fulfill upstream studies, teams in charge of crashworthiness use very simple models to pre-size the vehicle. Today, these models are built from the physical behavior of only one or some reference vehicles. They work and allow to size the project. But today, the company wishes to build its upstream models using all its vehicles. In other words, it wishes to get an automatic method to analyze crashtests simulations to capitalize their results in a database of simplified models.To meet this goal, we decide to use the multi-body model theory. We develop a method to analyze crashtests simulations in order to extract the data required to build a surrogate multi-body model : CrashScan. The analysis process implemented in CrashScan can be split into three major steps.The first one allows to identify the low deformed zones on a crashtest simulation. Then, we can build the topological graph of the future surrogate model. The second step is to analyze the relative kinematics between the low deformed zones : major directions and deformation modes (e.g. crushing or bending) are identified analysing relative movements. The last step is to analyze strengths and moments located between the low deformed zones, viewed in the frames associated to the major directions of deformations in function of the deformations. This allows us to identify equivalent Bouc-Wen hysteretic models. These models have three parameters that we can use : a stiffness, a threshold strength before plastification and a strain of hardening. These parameters can directly be used by upstream studies experts.Finally, we build multi-body models for three different use case. We compare them to their reference over the results they produce for the upstream criteria : models generated with CrashScan seems to grant the precision and the fidelity required to be used during automotive development's upstream phases.To continue this research work and get an industrial solution, there are still some locks to lift, the main ones are : synthesis of any movement into six elementary ones and multi-body synthesis on elements other than beams
Mainguy, Thomas. "Processus de substitution markoviens : un modèle statistique pour la linguistique". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066354/document.
Texto completoThis thesis proposes a new approach to natural language processing. Rather than trying to estimate directly the probability distribution of a random sentence, we will detect syntactic structures in the language, which can be used to modify and create new sentences from an initial sample.The study of syntactic structures will be done using Markov substitute sets, sets of strings that can be freely substituted in any sentence without affecting the whole distribution. These sets define the notion of Markov substitute processes, modelling conditional independence of certain substrings (given by the sets) with respect to their context. This point of view splits the issue of language analysis into two parts, a model selection stage where Markov substitute sets are selected, and a parameter estimation stage where the actual frequencies for each set are estimated.We show that these substitute processes form exponential families of distributions, when the language structure (the Markov substitute sets) is fixed. On the other hand, when the language structure is unknown, we propose methods to identify Markov substitute sets from a statistical sample, and to estimate the parameters of the distribution. Markov substitute sets show some connections with context-Free grammars, that can be used to help the analysis. We then proceed to build invariant dynamics for Markov substitute processes. They can among other things be used to effectively compute the maximum likelihood estimate. Indeed, Markov substitute models can be seen as the thermodynamical limit of the invariant measure of crossing-Over dynamics
Jung, Matthieu. "Evolution du VIH : méthodes, modèles et algorithmes". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20052/document.
Texto completoNucleotide sequences data enable the inference of phylogenetic trees, or phylogenies, describing their evolutionary re-lationships during evolution. Combining these sequences with their sampling date or country of origin, allows inferring the temporal or spatial localization of their common ancestors. These data and methods are widely used with viral sequences, and particularly with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), to trace the viral epidemic history over time and throughout the globe. Using sequences sampled at different points in time (or heterochronous) is also a mean to estimate their substitution rate, which characterizes the speed of evolution. The most commonly used methods to achieve these tasks are accurate, but are computationally heavy since they are based on complex models, and can only handle few hundreds of sequences. With an increasing number of sequences avail-able in the databases, often several thousand for a given study, the development of fast and accurate methods becomes essential. Here, we present a new distance-based method, named Ultrametric Least Squares, which is based on the princi-ple of least squares (very popular in phylogenetics) to estimate the substitution rate of a set of heterochronous sequences and the dates of their most recent common ancestors. We demonstrate that the criterion to be optimized is piecewise parabolic, and provide an efficient algorithm to find the global minimum.Using sequences sampled at different locations also helps to trace transmission chains of an epidemic. In this respect, we used all available sequences (~3,500) of HIV-1 subtype C, responsible for nearly 50% of global HIV-1 infections, to estimate its major migratory flows on a worldwide scale and its geographic origin. Innovative tools, based on the principle of parsimony, combined with several statistical criteria were used to synthesize and interpret information in a large phylogeny representing all the studied sequences. Finally, the temporal and geographical origins of the HIV-1 subtype C in Senegal were further explored and more specifically for men who have sex with men
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Modèles de substitutions"
Menecier, Pascal. "Psychoalcoologie fondamentale et théorique". En Psychoalcoologie fondamentale et théorique, 81–90. In Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pres.menec.2020.02.0082.
Texto completoRusso, Adelaide. "Chapitre V. Michel Leiris : Le Peintre comme modèle Méditation sur l’image ou Sous le signe de la substitution". En Le peintre comme modèle, 107–22. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.114883.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Modèles de substitutions"
Sonesson, Göran. "Rhetoric from the standpoint of the Lifeworld". En Le Groupe μ : quarante ans de rhétorique – trente-trois ans de sémiotique visuelle. Limoges: Université de Limoges, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.25965/as.3106.
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