Tesis sobre el tema "Modèle numérique multi-échelle"
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Touzeau, Josselyn. "Approches numérique multi-échelle/multi-modèle de la dégradation des matériaux composites". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00837874.
Texto completoAymard, Benjamin. "Simulation numérique d'un modèle multi-échelle de cinétique cellulaire formulé à partir d'équations de transport non conservatives". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066254/document.
Texto completoThe thesis focuses on the numerical simulation of a biomathematical, multiscale model explaining the phenomenon of selection within the population of ovarian follicles, and grounded on a cellular basis. The PDE model consists of a large dimension hyperbolic quasilinear system governing the evolution of cell density functions for a cohort of follicles (around twenty in practice).The equations are coupled in a nonlocal way by control terms involving moments of the solution, defined on either the mesoscopic or macroscopic scale.Three chapters of the thesis, presented in the form of articles, develop the method used to simulate the model numerically. The numerical code is implemented on a parallel architecture. PDEs are discretized with a Finite Volume scheme on an adaptive mesh driven by a multiresolution analysis. Flux discontinuities, at the interfaces between different cellular states, require a specific treatment to be compatible with the high order numerical scheme and mesh refinement.A chapter of the thesis is devoted to the calibration method, which translates the biological knowledge into constraints on the parameters and model outputs. The multiscale character is crucial, since parameters are used at the microscopic level in the equations governing the evolution of the density of cells within each follicle, whereas quantitative biological data are rather available at the mesoscopic and macroscopic levels.The last chapter of the thesis focuses on the analysis of computational performances of the parallel code, based on statistical methods inspired from the field of uncertainty quantification
Bernard, Manuel. "Approche multi-échelle pour les écoulements fluide-particules". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/12239/1/Bernard.pdf.
Texto completoDu, Shuimiao. "Investigations numériques multi-échelle et multi-niveau des problèmes de contact adhésif à l'échelle microscopique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC080.
Texto completoThe ultimate goal of this work is to provide computationally efficient and robust methodologies for the modelling and solution of a class of Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential-based adhesive contact problems. To alleviate theoretical and numerical pitfalls of the LJ model related to its non-defined and nonbounded characteristics, a model-adaptivity method is proposed to solve the pure-LJ problem as the limit of a sequence of adaptively constructed multilevel problems. Each member of the sequence consists of a model partition between the microscopic LJ model and the macroscopic Signorini model. The convergence of the model-adaptivity method is proved mathematically under some physical and realistic assumptions. On the other hand, the asymptotic numerical method (ANM) is adapted to track accurately instabilities for soft contact problems. Both methods are incorporated in the Arlequin multiscale framework to achieve an accurate resolution at a reasonable computational cost. In the model-adaptivity method, to capture accurately the localization of the zones of interest (ZOI), a two-step strategy is suggested: a macroscopic resolution is used as the first guess of the ZOI localization, then the Arlequin method is used there to achieve a fine scale resolution. In the ANM strategy, the Arlequin method is also used to suppress numerical oscillations and improve accuracy
Avril, Quentin. "Détection de Collision pour Environnements Large Échelle : Modèle Unifié et Adaptatif pour Architectures Multi-coeur et Multi-GPU". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642067.
Texto completoLe, Minh Hoang. "Modélisation multi-échelle et simulation numérique de l'érosion des sols de la parcelle au bassin versant". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838947.
Texto completoMinh-Hoang, Le. "Modélisation multi-échelle et simulation numérique de l'érosion des sols de la parcelle au bassin versant". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780648.
Texto completoLe, Minh Hoang. "Modélisation multi-échelle et simulation numérique de l’érosion des sols de la parcelle au bassin versant". Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2059/document.
Texto completoThe overall objective of this thesis is to study a multiscale modelling and to develop a suitable method for the numerical simulation of soil erosion on catchment scale. After reviewing the various existing models, we derive an analytical solution for the non-trivial coupled system modelling the bedload transport. Next, we study the hyperbolicity of the system with different sedimentation laws found in the literature. Relating to the numerical method, we present the validity domain of the time splitting method, consisting in solving separately the Shallow-Water system (modelling the flow routing) during a first time step for a fixed bed and updating afterward the topography on a second step using the Exner equation. On the modelling of transport in suspension at the plot scale, we present a system coupling the mechanisms of infiltration, runoff and transport of several classes of sediment. Numerical implementation and validation tests of a high order wellbalanced finite volume scheme are also presented. Then, we discuss on the model application and calibration using experimental data on ten 1 m2 plots of crusted soil in Niger. In order to achieve the simulation at the catchment scale, we develop a multiscale modelling in which we integrate the inundation ratio in the evolution equations to take into account the small-scale effect of the microtopography. On the numerical method, we study two well-balanced schemes : the first one is the Roe scheme based on a path conservative, and the second one is the scheme using a generalized hydrostatic reconstruction. Finally, we present a first model application with experimental data of the Ganspoel catchment where the parallel computing is also motived
Fayard, Franck. "Génération de MNT d'une zone montagneuse par radargrammétrie et approche multi-échelle". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820847.
Texto completoDaouk, Elias. "Etudes expérimentale et numérique de la pyrolyse oxydante de la biomasse en lit fixe". Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMNA0241/document.
Texto completoWood Multi-staged gasification in a fixed bed reactor is suitable for small-scale electricity generation. In these processes, the pyrolysis is performed in a continuous downward fixed bed reactor. The main feature of this reactor is the autothermal operation. Energy for heating, drying and pyrolysis is supplied by partial combustion of wood, known as “oxidative pyrolysis”. The air introduced from the top of the reactor induces a combustion front that propagates countercurrent with the solids and gazes flows. The work presented in this document aimed to achieve a better description of this process. A multi-scale approach was considered. Therefore, we have firstly studied the behavior of an isolated particle before focusing on the overall fixed bed. At the particle scale, we have quantified the effect of oxygen and of particle size on the oxidative pyrolysis kinetics. This led us to the setup of a kinetic model for this transformation.At the fixed bed scale, the propagation of the combustion front was studied considering the experimental and numerical approaches, which provides a better understanding of this step of the wood staged gasifiers
Blanchard, Ghislain Emmanuel. "Modélisation et simulation multi-échelles de l'atomisation d'une nappe liquide cisaillée". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0043/document.
Texto completoIn order to improve efficiency of aircraft combustion chambers and reduce polluting emissions,engine manufacturers try to achieve a better control on fuel atomization, which is usually injectedas a jet or liquid sheet. As experiments are expensive and time consuming, a numerical tool able to simulate atomization would be a powerful asset in engine conception design. However, simulation ofthe whole atomization process with commonly used approach in computational fluid dynamics is still prohibitive due to the multi-scale nature of the phenomenon.The objective of this thesis is to develop a new approach allowing the simulation of the spray formation for a industrial configuration in the near future. This involves coupling of two types of models.The first one, called two-fluid model, is based on the Navier-Stokes equations for two immiscible compressible fluids. This one is used to describe the large scales of the atomization mechanism corresponding to the formation of ligaments and liquids blobs in the near-injector area. The second one,called spray model, is based on a kinetic equation. Further downstream from the injector, this model describes statistically the evolution of the droplet cloud produced by the primary fragmentation of liquid jet. The main difficulty, in terms of both modeling and algorithmic, is the coupling of these twomodels.This has been achieved by introducing an atomization and an impact models which ensure liquid transfer between the two-fluid model and the spray model.This new approach was applied to the numerical simulation of sheared liquid sheets. Comparisons between numerical and experimental results show how the two-fluid model predicts the influence of injector geometry and injection conditions on the primary atomization of the liquid sheet. Concerning droplets production, the atomization model is able to reproduce the unsteady nature of this mechanism when transferring liquid phase from the two-fluid model to the spray model. Test cases for the impact model also validate the robustness and generality of the coupling approach
Bartok, Andras. "A multiscale model for anisotropic magnetoresistance". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS094/document.
Texto completoThe anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) of ferromagnetic materials is widely used as the basic phenomenon for measuring or detecting magnetic field. Owing to the relationship between magnetic domain configuration and macroscopic resistivity, the application of an external magnetic field changes the resistivity of ferromagnetic materials. Although this effect is widely used in industrial applications, some basic aspects of AMR behavior are still unsufficiently understood. For example, the role of crystallographic texture is not accurately described by conventional modeling tools. As a consequence of the direct relationship between microstructure and AMR, models for AMR effect are generally based on micromagnetic calculations. For these calculations, the number of degrees of freedom and interactions can grow exponentially when investigating macroscopic behavior (case of polycrystals for example).The thesis deals with the numerical modeling of AMR effect in ferromagnetic materials. This new 3D modeling tool can overcome this major drawback of micromagnetic approaches. A model to describe the effects of magneto-elastic coupling using a micro-macro approach is available at the laboratory GeePs. Based on the same principles of micro-macro modeling, an AMR effect simulation tool has been developed including the effect of mechanical stress and the role of crystallographic texture of materials.The modeling strategy is as follows:Three scales of description of the behavior are introduced: the Representative Volume Element (RVE) of polycrystals (macro scale), the single crystal or grain, and finally the magnetic domain (micro scale).A first step, named localization, determines the magneto-mechanical loading (magnetic field and mechanical stress) within a grain depending on the external applied load. The introduction of internal variables and corresponding evolution laws allow describing in a statistical way the evolution of the magnetic domain microstructure under the influence of the local load. Also at this scale, the use of the phenomenological Doring model allows for each area, to calculate the resistivity as a function of the relative orientation between local magnetization and electric current. Once this local resistivity is known, a so-called homogenization step based on the Bruggeman model is used to determine the macroscopic resistivity of the RVE. It is thus possible to predict the variation in resistivity between an initial demagnetized state and a state under any magneto-mechanical loading.The results obtained by this approach were successfully compared to experimental results from literature on polycrystalline nickel, pure iron or Permalloy.Then simulations reproducing AMR sensors operating conditions were carried out. These simulations lead to the conclusion that it is possible to improve the sensitivity of AMR sensors by introducing an appropriate biaxial residual stress
Aubras, Farid. "Contribution à l’étude de l’influence des régimes bi-phasiques sur les performances des électrolyseurs de type PEM basse pression : approche numérique, analytique et expérimentale". Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0011/document.
Texto completoBased on proton conduction of polymeric electrolyte membrane (PEM) technology, the water electrolysis (PEMWE) offers an interesting solution for efficiency hydrogen production. During the electrolysis process of water in PEMWE, the anodic side is the place where the water is splitting into oxygen, protons and electrons. The aim of this study is to recognize the link between two-phase flows (anode side) and cell performance under low pressure conditions. We have developed three approaches: the analytical approach and the numerical approach validated by the experimental data. For the numerical model, we have developed a two-dimensional stationary PEMWE model that takes into account electro-chemical reaction, mass transfer (bubbly flow), heat transfer and charges balance through the Membrane Electrodes Assembly (MEA). In order to take into account the changing electrical behavior, our model combines two scales of descriptions: at microscale within anodic active layer and MEA scale. The water management at both scales is strongly linked to the slug flow regime or the bubbly flow regime. Therefore, water content close to active surface areas depends on two-phase flow regimes. Our simulation results demonstrate that the transition from bubble to slug flow in the channel is associated with improvement in mass transport, a reduction of the ohmic resistance and an enhancement of the PEMWE efficiency. Regarding the analytical model, we have developed a one-dimensional stationary isothermal PEMWE model that takes into account electro-chemical reaction, mass transfer and charges balance through the Membrane Electrodes Assembly (MEA). The analytical approach permit to obtain mathematical solution of the activation overpotential, the ohmic losses and the bubbles overpotential respectively for the low current density, the middle current density and the high current density. This approach quantify the total overpotential of the cell, function of the operational and intrinsic numbers. In terms of perspective, the analytical model could be used for the diagnostic of the electrolyzer PEM
Legoll, Frédéric. "Contributions à l'étude mathématique et numérique de quelques modèles en simulation multi-échelle des matériaux". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783334.
Texto completoLes questions étudiées portent sur l'échantillonnage de la mesure de Boltzmann-Gibbs (avec des résultats concernant la non-ergodicité de certains systèmes dynamiques proposés dans la littérature), et sur la construction de dynamiques effectives: supposant que le système suit une dynamique X_t régie par l'équation de Langevin amortie, et se donnant une variable scalaire macroscopique xi(X), lente en un certain sens, nous proposons une dynamique mono-dimensionnelle fermée qui approche xi(X_t), et dont la précision est estimée à l'aide de méthodes d'entropie relative.
Une autre partie du travail consiste à développer de nouveaux schémas numériques pour des problèmes Hamiltoniens hautement oscillants (souvent rencontrés en simulation moléculaire), en suivant une démarche d'homogénéisation en temps. Nous avons aussi proposé une adaptation au contexte Hamiltonien de l'algorithme pararéel, permettant d'obtenir la solution d'un problème d'évolution par des méthodes de calcul parallèle.
La seconde partie du mémoire présente des travaux sur la dérivation de modèles à l'échelle du continuum à partir de modèles discrets (à l'échelle atomistique), pour les solides, et sur le couplage de ces deux modèles, discret et continu. Une première approche consiste à poser le problème sous forme variationnelle (modélisation à température nulle). Nous nous sommes aussi intéressés au cas de systèmes à température finie, modélisés dans le cadre de la mécanique statistique. Dans certains cas, nous avons obtenu des modèles réduits, macroscopiques, où la température est un paramètre, en suivant des approches de type limite thermodynamique.
La troisième partie du mémoire s'intéresse à des questions d'homogénéisation stochastique, pour des équations aux dérivées partielles elliptiques linéaires. Les matériaux sont donc modélisés à l'échelle du continuum. Le constat qui motive notre travail est le fait que, même dans les cas les plus simples sur le plan théorique, les méthodes numériques à ce jour disponibles en homogénéisation stochastique conduisent à des calculs très lourds. Nous avons travaillé dans deux directions. La première consiste à réduire la variance des quantités aléatoires effectivement calculées, seules accessibles en pratique pour approcher la matrice homogénéisée. La seconde est d'étudier le cas de problèmes faiblement stochastiques, en partant du constat que les matériaux hétérogènes, rarement périodiques, ne sont pas pour autant systématiquement fortement aléatoires. Le cas d'un matériau aléatoire pour lequel cet aléa n'est qu'une petite perturbation autour d'un modèle périodique est donc intéressant, et peut se traiter avec un coût calcul beaucoup plus abordable.
Hautefeuille, Martin. "Modélisation numérique des matériaux hétérogènes : une approche EF multi-échelle et orientée composant". Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1802.
Texto completoConcrete like materials display a matrix/inclusions heterogeneous meso structure visible to the naked eye. In this PhD thesis, an integrated multiscale Finite Element based strategy is proposed. The latter carries out simultaneously structural level computation and mesoscale ones which enriched the macro scale behavior. This method aims at describing global structural collapse accounting for complex failure mechanisms at their proper scales of occurrence. The proposed computational approach derives from non-overlapping domain decomposition techniques. Each element of a structure discretization receives a finner description of the underlying meso structure. Localized Lagrange multipliers ensure a dual compatibility between the macroscale and the mesoscale displacements. A dedicated parallel software architecture has been implemented using the middleware CTL (Component Template Library) developed at the TU Braunschweig. A lattice meso model has been employed in order to describe the fine scale. Each truss element is provided with two kinematics enrichments. Such model is able to account for the heterogeneous phase arrangement and the quasi-brittle behavior of such materials
Xia, Liang. "Towards optimal design of multiscale nonlinear structures : reduced-order modeling approaches". Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2230/document.
Texto completoHigh-performance heterogeneous materials have been increasingly used nowadays for their advantageous overall characteristics resulting in superior structural mechanical performance. The pronounced heterogeneities of materials have significant impact on the structural behavior that one needs to account for both material microscopic heterogeneities and constituent behaviors to achieve reliable structural designs. Meanwhile, the fast progress of material science and the latest development of 3D printing techniques make it possible to generate more innovative, lightweight, and structurally efficient designs through controlling the composition and the microstructure of material at the microscopic scale. In this thesis, we have made first attempts towards topology optimization design of multiscale nonlinear structures, including design of highly heterogeneous structures, material microstructural design, and simultaneous design of structure and materials. We have primarily developed a multiscale design framework, constituted of two key ingredients : multiscale modeling for structural performance simulation and topology optimization forstructural design. With regard to the first ingredient, we employ the first-order computational homogenization method FE2 to bridge structural and material scales. With regard to the second ingredient, we apply the method Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) to perform topology optimization. In contrast to the conventional nonlinear design of homogeneous structures, this design framework provides an automatic design tool for nonlinear highly heterogeneous structures of which the underlying material model is governed directly by the realistic microstructural geometry and the microscopic constitutive laws. Note that the FE2 method is extremely expensive in terms of computing time and storage requirement. The dilemma of heavy computational burden is even more pronounced when it comes to topology optimization : not only is it required to solve the time-consuming multiscale problem once, but for many different realizations of the structural topology. Meanwhile we note that the optimization process requires multiple design loops involving similar or even repeated computations at the microscopic scale. For these reasons, we introduce to the design framework a third ingredient : reduced-order modeling (ROM). We develop an adaptive surrogate model using snapshot Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Diffuse Approximation to substitute the microscopic solutions. The surrogate model is initially built by the first design iteration and updated adaptively in the subsequent design iterations. This surrogate model has shown promising performance in terms of reducing computing cost and modeling accuracy when applied to the design framework for nonlinear elastic cases. As for more severe material nonlinearity, we employ directly an established method potential based Reduced Basis Model Order Reduction (pRBMOR). The key idea of pRBMOR is to approximate the internal variables of the dissipative material by a precomputed reduced basis computed from snapshot POD. To drastically accelerate the computing procedure, pRBMOR has been implemented by parallelization on modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The implementation of pRBMOR with GPU acceleration enables us to realize the design of multiscale elastoviscoplastic structures using the previously developed design framework inrealistic computing time and with affordable memory requirement. We have so far assumed a fixed material microstructure at the microscopic scale. The remaining part of the thesis is dedicated to simultaneous design of both macroscopic structure and microscopic materials. By the previously established multiscale design framework, we have topology variables and volume constraints defined at both scales
Moreau, Antoine. "Calcul des propriétés homogénéisées de transfert dans les matériaux poreux par des méthodes de réduction de modèle : Application aux matériaux cimentaires". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS024.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we manage to combine two existing tools in mechanics: periodic homogenization, and reduced-order modelling, to modelize corrosion of reinforced concrete structures. Indeed, chloride and carbonate diffusion take place their pores and eventually oxydate their steel skeleton. The simulation of this degradation is difficult to afford because of both the material heterogenenity, and its microstructure variability. Periodic homogenization provides a multiscale model which takes care of the first of these issues. Nevertheless, it assumes the existence of a representative elementary volume (REV) of the material at the microscopical scale. I order to afford the microstructure variability, we must solve the equations which arise from periodic homogenization in a reduced time. This motivates the use of model order reduction, and especially the POD. In this work we design geometrical transformations that transport the original homogenization equations on the fluid domain of a unique REV. Indeed, the POD method can’t be directly performed on a variable geometrical space like the material pore network. Secondly, we adapt model order reduction to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, which is strongly nonlinear, and which rules ionic electro diffusion at the Debye length scale. Finally, we combine these new methods to other existing tools in model order reduction (ITSGM interpolatin, MPS method), in order to couple the micro- and macroscopic components of periodic homogenization
Cheng, Peng. "Numerical simulations for rain-wind-induced vibration". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066722/document.
Texto completoA fluid structure instability phenomenon frequently occurs in the subcritical Reynolds regimes multiphase flow system, and rain--wind-induced vibration (RWIV) is taken as an example in civil engineering to characterize the aeroelastic instability caused by fluid-structure interactions. RWIV is hypothesized to be a new type of vibration; regularly accompanied by two significant phenomena: the circumferentially vibrating upper rivulet and the Von Karman vortex shedding frequency shift to a much lower value compared with the convectional evaluation; and customarily observed from the stay cables of cable--stayed bridge. Due to the complicated interactions mechanisms in the liquid-gas-solid system, the mechanism of RWIV has not been thoroughly solved and recognized by the previous researchers. Most have focused on the research topic from the field observation, the analytical dynamic model, and the wind tunnel experiment aspects, but rarely on numerical investigation aspect. To develop a systematic numerical framework, including the separated model, the semi-coupled model, the coupled model, and the multiphase multi-scale model (MMM) distinguished by different ways to simulate the rain effects when RWIV occurs, to establish highly accurate and precise numerical model for RWIV, and to recognize and clarify the mechanism of RWIV, various numerical investigations have been made in this thesis.To simulate the rain effects as an artificial rivulet (fixed/moving solid attaching/oscillating along the circumference of stay cable) when RWIV occurs, the separated method is implemented based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in combination with the monotone integrated large eddy simulation (MILES) to evaluate the sub-grid stress terms. The effects of various artificial rivulet positions along the circumference of stay cable on the vortex shedding structure behind the cable, pressure distribution around the cable, and the aerodynamic force of the cable are analyzed. However, investigations indicate the positions of artificial rivulet along the circumference of cable extremely weakly affect Von Karman vortex shedding frequency near the wake of the cable.To capture the dynamic rainwater morphology evolution, the semi-coupled model simplifies the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the lubrication theory on the assumption that a thin water film surrounding around the cable. The investigations indicate the rainwater gathers at the locations near the separation points, and forms two symmetrical rivulets along the circumference of cable. However, both the circumferentially vibrating upper rivulet and the frequency shift phenomena accompanying RWIV cannot be solved and explained detailedly and clearly. To improve the semi-coupled model on tracking the rainwater morphology evolution, volume-of-fluid (VOF) method combined with incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is employed in the coupled model. Both the high-nonlinear rainwater rivulets evolution along the circumference of cable and the aerodynamic characteristics of stay cable can be obtained and analyzed. The results indicate rainwater rivulet are formed near the separation points along the circumference of cable; the negative pressure zone along the circumference of cable provides a prerequisite for the formation of upper rivulet. However, the computational efficiency is reduced due to the smaller droplets scatter in the surrounding air, furthermore, the assumptions, surrounding the stay cable with the constant volume of rainwater, cannot reflect the real physical conditions (i.e., rain infall process) and cannot obtain the real aerodynamic force from physical aspect
Genadot, Alexandre. "Étude multi-échelle de modèles probabilistes pour les systèmes excitables avec composante spatiale". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905886.
Texto completoArbia, Grégory. "Modélisation multi-échelle d'écoulements sanguins et application à des pathologies congénitales du cœur". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066707/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we deal with numerical simulation of blood flow in the context of congenital heart diseases. We focus on clinical data integration into reduced models, and from a numerical point view on the coupling of blood flow (3D Navier-Stokes equations) and reduced models. In the introduction, we present congenital heart diseases and the surgical palliations needed for severe pathologies. We then present a chapter on challenges in numerical simulations of blood flow. In the next chapters, we present a methodology to estimate parameters of reduced models taking into account the effect of the pulmonary vasculature and the clinical measurements performed at different locations prior to surgical intervention of each patient. This method is applied to nine patient-specific cases and provides a representation of the hemodynamics in pulmonary arteries at different palliation stages. The next part of this thesis is devoted to numerical coupling between 3D blood flow and reduced models, which leads to numerical instability in a number of applications. We first present the state of the art for the different coupling methods, and perform a stability analysis of each coupling approach, highlighting the pros and cons. Moreover we present the new 3D-3D coupling method which presents the same energy balance as the 3D-reduced model. We compare all these methods on three systemic or pulmonary patient-specific cases to assess the robustness and accuracy of each one. In the last part of this manuscript we present a framework to investigate the effect of uncertainty of clinical measurements on our methodology to estimate reduced models for surgery planning: we focus on the impact of clinical data uncertainty to estimate blood flow distribution and pressure loss due to a stenosis to assess if it should be removed or not
Josien, Marc. "Etude mathématique et numérique de quelques modèles multi-échelles issus de la mécanique des matériaux". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1120/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis we study mathematically and numerically some multi-scale models from materials science. First, we investigate an homogenization problem for an oscillating elliptic equation. The material under consideration is described by a periodic structure with a defect at the microscopic scale. By adapting Avellaneda and Lin's theory for periodic structures, we prove that the solution of the oscillating equation can be approximated at a fine scale. The rates of convergence depend upon the integrability of the defect. We also study some properties of the Green function of periodic materials with periodic boundary conditions. Dislocations are lines of defects inside materials, which induce plasticity. The second part and the third part of this manuscript are concerned with simulation of dislocations, first in the stationnary regime then in the dynamical regime. We use the Peierls model, which couples atomistic and mesoscopic scales and involves integrodifferential equations. In the stationary regime, dislocations are described by the so-called Weertman equation, which is nonlinear and involves a fractional Laplacian. We study some mathematical properties of this equation and propose a numerical scheme for approximating its solution. In the dynamical regime, dislocations are described by an equation which is integrodifferential in time and space. We compare some numerical methods for recovering its solution. In the last chapter, we investigate the macroscopic limit of a simple chain of atoms governed by the Newton equation. Surprisingly enough, under technical assumptions, we show that it is not described by a nonlinear wave equation when shocks occur
Davidović, Andjela. "Modélisation mathématique multi-échelle des hétérogénéités structurelles en électrophysiologie cardiaque". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0448/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis we addressed two problems in mathematical modelling of propagation of electrical signals in the heart: tissue scale propagation with presence of tissue heterogeneities and cell scale propagation with non-linear gap junctions. Diffusive inclusions. The standard model used in cardiac electrophysiology is the bidomain model. It is an averaged model derived from the microscopic properties of the tissue.The bidomain model assumes that the electrically active myocytes are present uniformly everywhere in the heart. While this is a reasonable assumption for healthy hearts, it fails insome pathological cases where significant changes in the tissue structure occur, for examplein ischaemic and rheumatic heart disease, inflammation, hypertrophy, or infarction. These tissue heterogeneities are often taken into account through an ad-hoc tuning of model parameters. The first aim of this thesis consisted in generalizing the bidomain equations to the case of structural heart diseases.We assumed a periodic alternation of healthy (bidomain model) and altered (diffusive inclusion) tissue patches. Such a model may be simulated directly, at the high computational cost of a very fine discretisation. Instead we derived a homogenized model at the macroscopic scale, using a rigorous two-scale analysis. We recovered a bidomain-type model with modified conductivity coefficients, and performed a 2D numerical verificationof the convergence of the microscopic model towards the homogenized one.In the second part we quantified the effects of different shapes and sizes of diffusive inclusions on the effective conductivity coefficients and their anisotropy ratios in 2D and3D. Additionally, we ran simulations on 2D patches of tissue with modified conductivity coefficients. We observed changes in the propagation velocity as well as in the shape of the depolarization wave-front.In the third part, based on high-resolution MR images of a rat heart we simulated 3D propagations with the homogenized model. Using image analysis software tools we assessed the structural properties of the tissue, that we used afterwards as parameters inthe homogenized model. Non-linear gap junctions. In the last part of this thesis, we studied the effects of nonlineargap junction channels on the signal propagation at the cell scale. In existing models, the gap junction channels, if modelled, are assumed to have a linear behaviour, while from experimental data we know that they have a time- and voltage-dependent non-linear behaviour. Firstly, we stated a non-linear 0D model for the gap junctional current, and secondly fitted the model to available experimental data. Finally, we proposed a 2D mathematical model that describes the electrical interaction of cardiac myocytes on the cell scale. It accounts for the gap junctional current as "the direct link" between the adjacent cells
Chardin, Jonathan. "Analyse multi-échelle du processus de réionisation dans les simulations cosmologiques". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985573.
Texto completoRoothaer, Xavier. "Approche multi-échelle du comportement mécanique des os porteurs et non-porteurs : vers une personnalisation des modèles numériques EF de l'être humain". Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UPHF0020.
Texto completoThe human skeleton aims at participating to the locomotor system, protecting and serving as brackets for the internal organs. To ensure the mechanical stiffness of the entire body, the cortical bone can be found in every part of the skeleton. A dynamic process occurs throughout the life and is named bone remodelling. This process adapts the cortical bone architecture and the shape of bones according to their functions. Due to its complexity, bone remodelling can defect in the elderly and weakens bones. This thesis studies the bearing and non-bearing long human bones by focusing on the humerus and femur. A survey of the state of the art, detailed in the first chapter, reveals several lacks. First, the femur is widely investigated compared to the other bones and this unbalance creates a lack of data for the other bones. Therefore, inputs for numerical human models come from deprecated and contradictory studies where the extra-individual differences impact the trends. Second, architectural studies are mainly limited to in-plane assessment whereas the vascular network is complex and needs more robust analyses. Thus, the second chapter describes an innovative method to 3D assess the cortical vascular network from tomographic data. This Python script automatically detects canals, connectivity and Bone Multicellular Units (BMUs), cradle of the bone remodelling activity. Then, 77 samples from left and right femurs and humeri of ten human cadavers are scanned and analysed using this method. As this method provides numerous novel features of the cortical architecture, tensile and indentation tests are also carried out in order to understand and exhibit the impact of the architecture on the mechanical behaviour. Hence, all the scanned samples are tested and available for statistical analysis. So as to identify global trends, humerus and femur are compared using different statistical tests. Likewise, the bias impact is also investigated. Finally, a correlation study followed by a regression study is described so as to provide polynomial functions in order to be used to predict the mechanical behaviour from an architectural study
Ghorbanbeigi, Hamid. "Modélisation multi-échelle du comportement mécanique des matériaux cimentaires soumis à la carbonatation ou à la lixiviation". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10214/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to model the mechanical behavior of cement based materials, such as cement paste and concrete, which are subject to carbonation and leaching. These chemical reactions between the cementitious material and the surrounding aggressive environment lead to changes in the material microstructure and consequently on the mechanical behavior, and can have a significant impact on the durability of structures. To characterize the mechanical behavior of these chemically influenced materials, two different approaches are proposed in this thesis: the macroscopic and microscopic approach. In the first part, a macroscopic approach is used. The interest is to use a classical elastoplastic model to see the effect of carbonation and lixiviation on the elastic and plastic parameters. This model is then coupled with an interface model to describe the mechanical behavior and the failure process of cementitious materials, taking into account the localization of deformations on a shear band. In the second part, by taking advantage of micro-macro models, it is possible to explicitly link the microstructure evolution during the degradation to the mechanical behavior of the material. Two or three homogenization steps based on the modified secant method are needed to reach the macroscopic criterion. The predictive capabilities of micro-macro models proposed here have been demonstrated through a wide experimental validation
Meynadier, Remi. "Analyse multi-échelle du cycle de l'eau dans la mousson africaine à l'aide d'observations GPS". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00524379.
Texto completoWali, Abderrahmen. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation multi-échelle du comportement mécanique de mélanges Polycarbonate/Polypropylène : effet de la morphologie". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10077.
Texto completoThe objective of this work is to perform experimental characterization and to model the mechanical behaviour of immiscible PC/PP blends. A predominantly spherical microstructure, in the most PC / PP blends, reveals low adhesion due to high interfacial tension between two phases which was observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This results in a negative deviation of the mechanical tensile properties accordingly to the % of PP. One of the possible solutions is to add a third component that can improve adhesion between two phases. In this work PP-g-MA was chosen. Despite its low rigidity and brittleness, it has partially improved the mechanical properties of the blends. A multi-scale approach was applied to model the homogenised behaviour of the PC / PP blends using two different types of models. The first one is based on analytical homogenization and the second one will be defined in the context of numerical homogenization. The statistical distribution law for the size of the dispersed phase was determined from the SEM images. This law was applied for representative volume element (RVE) generation. The behaviour of the constituents has been defined as elastoplastic. Initially assumed hypothesis of a perfect interface did not describe the mechanical behaviour of the blends in a satisfactory manner. In order to improve this, a model introducing cohesive surfaces to simulate interfacial damage is developed using traction-separation law. The model is in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, parametric study was carried out to highlight the effect of the shape, the number and the orientation of dispersed phase on the nonlinear response of blends
Bettinotti, Omar. "A weakly-intrusive multi-scale substitution method in explicit dynamics". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0032/document.
Texto completoComposite laminates are increasingly employed in aeronautics, but can be prone to extensive delamination when submitted to impact loads. The need of performing virtual testing to predict delamination becomes essential for engineering workflows, in which the use of a fine modeling scheme appears nowadays to be the preferred one. The associated computational cost would be prohibitively high for large structures. The goal of this work consists in reducing such computational cost coupling the fine model, restricted to the surroundings of the delamination process zone, with a coarse one applied to the rest of the structure. Due to the transient behavior of impact problems, the dynamic adaptivity of the models to follow evolutive phenomena represents a crucial feature for the coupling. Many methodologies are currently used to couple multiple models, such as non-overlapping Domain Decomposition method, that, applied to dynamic adaptivity, has to be combined with a re-meshing strategy, considered as intrusive implementation within a Finite Element Analysis software. In this work, the bases of a weakly-intrusive approach, called Substitution method, are presented in the field of explicit dynamics. The method is based on a global-local formulation and is designed so that it is possible to make use of the pre-fixed coarse model the meshes the whole structure to obtain a global response: this pre-computation is then iteratively corrected considering the application of the refined model only where required, in the picture of an adaptive strategy. The verification of the Substitution method in comparison with the Domain Decomposition method is presented
Missoum, Benziane Djamel. "Nouvelle approche pour la modélisation des problèmes multi-échelles en mécanique : la méthode 95/5". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002617.
Texto completoAdia, Jean-Luc. "Modélisation multi échelle des phénomènes de retrait et de fluage dans les matériaux cimentaires : approches numériques couplant les éléments finis et la méthode de Lattice-Boltzmann". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1013/document.
Texto completoIn pre-stressed concrete structures, creep and shrinkage tend to reduce the pre-stress forces which are initially produced so as to maintain concrete in a state minimizing traction forces and then cracks. Understanding and predicting these phenomena through models are thus highly important for the design and durability of civil engineering structures, such as containment buildings in nuclear power plants.The objective of this thesis is to develop a micromechanical modeling framework to describe shrinkage and creep in cementitious materials in a unified manner. For this purpose, the study focuses on the scale of the porous structure of the C-S-H gel where the intrinsic mechanisms of delayed strains are active. A computational homogenization approach is developed to model these phenomena in porous structures with arbitrary morphologies. An explicit description of the porous network and of the liquid phase of water during the drying/humidification process is taken into account. The mechanisms related to delayed strains in the solid phase are modeled by the microprestress-solidification theory (MPS). The simulations at the microscale are conductedbased on an original approach coupling the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the finite element method (FEM). The LBM is used to describe the distribution of capillary water in the porous structure, whereas the FEM serves as modeling the strain of the solid skeleton under the capillary water effets and a macroscopic load.The proposed method allows, by means of the simulations, to better understand the mechanisms related to the capillary effects in the porous structure. More specifically, taking into account realistic morphologies of microstructures and of the formed menisci lead to different regimes of shrinkage/swelling. Then, the effects of capillary pressure intensity, of surface tension and of morphologies of capillary surfaces on the elastic response of the solid skeleton are evaluated. Finally, the above approaches are extended to the case of a viscoelastic solid deformed under the action of the capillary water. From numerical observations, we propose a model is proposed to describe the creep and shrinkage of C-S-H gel in a unified way
Sun, Yufeng. "Time-dependent hydromechanical behaviour of callovo-oxfordian claystone by anatytical and multiscale numerical methods". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vaulx-en-Velin, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENTP0009.
Texto completoIn the context of radioactive waste repository, the time-dependent hydromechanical behaviour of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone is investigated to ensure the safety conditions required for long-term repository of radioactive wastes.The first two parts of the study are based on the phenomenological approach carried out directly at the macroscale. Firstly, a quasi-analytical model for the hydromechanical behaviour of a deep spherical cavity excavated in a dilatant poro-viscoplastic rock mass is presented, considering three stages of a simplified life cycle: excavation, free convergence and post-closure. Subsequently, the sensitive and probability analyses are carried out using the finite element code Cast3M toinvestigate the time-dependent extent of the Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) which refers to a region characterized by significant and mainly irreversible changes in geochemical and hydromechanical properties. In the following, a multiscale numerical approach is employed to investigate its creep and damage behaviour under mechanical condition. Firstly, a micromechanics-based model within the finite element square (FE2) framework is developed to model the short-term and long-term behaviours of saturated COx claystone. For the viscous behaviour, two microscale mechanisms have been introduced: the viscoplasticity of the clay aggregates and the viscoelasticity of their contacts. Then, the creep model of COx claystones developed at small scale is applied to model the large-scale creep behaviour at laboratory and gallery scales. From simulation results of laboratory scale, a clear three-stage creep process is reproduced, including the primary creep stage, second creep stage and tertiary creep stage. At the gallery scale, the long-term effect of viscosity on the gallery convergences, the evolution of EDZ, and the long-term drainage and pore pressure around a gallery are investigated. Finally, the above developed double-scale creep model used to simulate saturated cracked medium is extend to partial saturated case to study the interaction between rock and the atmosphere occurs through air circulation within underground galleries. The emphasis is to study the effect of the gallery air ventilation on hydromechanical behaviour of host rock. The model predictions reproduce the drainage and desaturation kinetics of undisturbed and damaged rock
Joerger, Guillaume. "Multiscale modeling and event tracking wireless technologies to improve efficiency and safety of the surgical flow in an OR suite". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS009/document.
Texto completoImproving operating room management is a constant issue for modern large hospital systems who have to deal with the reality of day to day clinical activity. As opposed to other industrial sectors such as air civil aviation that have mastered the topic of industry organization and safety, progress in surgical flow management has been slower. The goal of the work presented here is to develop and implement technologies that leverage the principles of computational science to the application of OR suite problems. Most of the currently available models of surgical flow are used for planning purposes and are essentially stochastic processes due to uncertainties in the available data. We propose an agent-based model framework that can incorporate all the elements, from communication skills of the staff to the time it takes for the janitorial team to go clean an OR. We believe that human factor is at the center of the difficulty of OR suite management and should be incorporated in the model. In parallel, we use a numerical model of airflow at the OR suite level to monitor and simulate environment conditions inside the OR. We hypothesize that the following three key ingredients will provide the level of accuracy needed to improve OR management : 1) Real time updates of the model with ad hoc sensors of tasks/stages 2) Construction of a multi-scale model that links all key elements of the complex surgical infrastructure 3) Careful analysis of patient population factors, staff behavior, and environment conditions. We have developed a robust and non-obtrusive automatic event tracking system to make our model realistic to clinical conditions. Not only we track traffic through the door and the air quality inside the OR, we can also detect standard events in the surgical process. We propose a computational fluid dynamics model of a part of an OR suite to track dispersion of toxic surgical smoke and build in parallel a multidomain model of potential nosocomial contaminant particles flow in an OR suite. Combining the three models will raise the awareness of the OR suite by bringing to the surgical staff a cyber-physical system capable of prediction of rare events in the workflow and the safety conditions
Debayle, Johan. "Traitement d'image à voisinages adaptatifs généraux". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749859.
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