Tesis sobre el tema "Modèle distribué"
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Girod, Thomas. "Un modèle d'apprentissage multimodal pour un substrat distribué d'inspiration corticale". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00547941.
Texto completoTa, Thanh Dinh. "Modèle de protection contre les codes malveillants dans un environnement distribué". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0040/document.
Texto completoThe thesis consists in two principal parts: the first one discusses the message for- mat extraction and the second one discusses the behavioral obfuscation of malwares and the detection. In the first part, we study the problem of “binary code coverage” and “input message format extraction”. For the first problem, we propose a new technique based on “smart” dynamic tainting analysis and reverse execution. For the second one, we propose a new method using an idea of classifying input message values by the corresponding execution traces received by executing the program with these input values. In the second part, we propose an abstract model for system calls interactions between malwares and the operating system at a host. We show that, in many cases, the behaviors of a malicious program can imitate ones of a benign program, and in these cases a behavioral detector cannot distinguish between the two programs
Hinge, Antoine. "Dessin de graphe distribué par modèle de force : application au Big Data". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0092/document.
Texto completoGraphs, usually used to model relations between entities, are continually growing mainly because of the internet (social networks for example). Graph visualization (also called drawing) is a fast way of collecting data about a graph. Internet graphs are often stored in a distributed manner, split between several machines interconnected. This thesis aims to develop drawing algorithms to draw very large graphs using the MapReduce paradigm, used for cluster computing. Among graph drawing algorithms, those which rely on a physical model to compute the node placement are generally considered to draw graphs well regardless of the type of graph. We developped two force-directed graph drawing algorithms in the MapReduce paradigm. GDAD, the fist distributed force-directed graph drawing algorithm ever, uses pivots to simplify computations of node interactions. MuGDAD, following GDAD, uses a recursive simplification to draw the original graph, keeping the pivots. We compare these two algorithms with the state of the art to assess their performances
Debrie, Jean-Luc. "Modèle "distribué" de transistor IGBT pour simulation de circuits en électronique de puissance". Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0046.
Texto completoNguyen, Quoc Son. "Application du modèle distribué événementiel SCS-LR pour la prévision des crues méditerranéennes : performances du modèle et variabilité spatiale des paramètres". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG019/document.
Texto completoRainfall-runoff models are essential tools for many hydrological applications, including flood forecasting. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the performances of a distributed event model for reproducing the Mediterranean floods. This model reduces the parametrization of the processes to the flood period, and estimates the saturation of the catchment at the beginning of the event with an external predictor, which is easily observable or available. Such predictor avoids modelling the inter-flood phase and simplifies the parametrization and the calibration of the model. The selected model combines a distributed SCS production function and a Lag and Route transfer function, applied to a discretization of the basin in a grid of regular square meshes.The model was first tested on the Real Collobrier watershed. This Mediterranean basin has been monitored by IRSTEA for more than 50 years and has an exceptional density of rainfall and flow measurements. This favourable environment made it possible to reduce the uncertainties on the rainfall input and to evaluate the actual performances of the model. In such conditions, the floods were correctly simulated by using constant parameters for all the events, but the initial condition of the event-based model. This latter was highly correlated to predictors such as the base flow or the soil water content w2 simulated by the SIM model of Meteo-France. The model was then applied by reducing the density of the rain gauges, showing loss of accuracy of the model and biases in the model parameters for lower densities, which are representative of most of the catchments.The spatial variability of the model parameters was then studied in different Real Collobrier sub-basins. The comparison made it possible to highlight and correct the scale effect concerning one of the parameters of the transfer function. The catchment saturation predictors and the initial condition of the model were still highly correlated, but the relationships differed from some sub-catchments. Finally, the spatial variability of the model parameters was studied for other larger Mediterranean catchments, of which area ranged from some tenth to hundreds of square kilometres. Once more, the model could be efficiently initialized by the base flow and the water content w2, but significant differences were found from a catchment to another. Such differences could be explained by uncertainties affecting as well the rainfall estimation as the selected predictors. However, the relationships between the initial condition of the model and the water content w2 were close together for a given type of catchment.In conclusion, this distributed event model represents an excellent compromise between performance and ease of implementation. The performances are satisfactory for a given catchment or a given type of catchment. The transposition of the model to ungauged catchment is less satisfactory, and other catchment saturation indicators need to be tested, e.g. in situ measurements or satellite measurements of soil moisture
El, Houri Marwa. "Un modèle formel pour exprimer des politiques dynamiques pour contrôle d'accès et négociation dans un environnement distribué". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492317.
Texto completoGillet, Pierre. "Modèle "distribué" de transistor bipolaire pour la C. A. O. Des circuits en électronique de puissance". Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT003H.
Texto completoSiala, Beji Mariem. "Un modèle distribué pour la gestion du stock disponible dans les réseaux de distribution multi-niveaux". Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAL0031.
Texto completoThe Available-to-Promise (ATP) fonction is an important element to manage the relationship between a company and its current and prospective customers. The initial role of this fonction is to provide product availability information in order to promise customers' order requests. The purpose of the present thesis is to improve this A TP fonction, within a multi-echelon distribution network. The suggested model is a distributed mode! based on horizons. For the short-term horizon, we suggest the Effective A TP fonction (ATPE). This fonction provides a better local stock management within the different entities of the distribution network. For the medium-term horizon, we suggest the Cooperative ATPE fonction (ATPE-C) which is based on a multi-agent approach, using the "Contract Net" protocoJ to assure the inventory redeployment between the different entities of the distribution network. In order to assess these fonctions we have developed a simulation tool which allowed us to show the e:fficiency of the suggested functi. Ons as weil as to study the impact of the system and the agents' cooperation degree on the global and individual performances
Tran-The, Hung. "Problème du Consensus dans le Modèle Homonyme". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925941.
Texto completoXu, Jin. "Un modèle multi-agent distribué et hybride pour la planification du transport à la demande temps réel". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558769.
Texto completoAtohoun, Béthel Christian A. R. K. "Architecture logique d'un système multi agents de suivi multi caméra distribué : exploitation du modèle de croyance transférable". Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0373/document.
Texto completoThis thesis presents the joint use of the theory of evidence and multiple hypothesis tracking for modeling and managing a system for monitoring multiple cameras in a motorway. The tracking is based on the re-identification of objects (vehicles) on the basis of visuals and times informations. A realization of these concepts results in the design and implementation of a software architecture for multiple agents management of multiple camera tracking system. After presenting the state of the art on the frameworks of uncertainty management and that on information fusion for the matching, and the multi-agent systems, our contribution in this work is on two or three levels. The first was an adaptation of the decision phase of the transferable belief model to incorporate the use of multi-hypotheses tracking as a tool of ambiguity survey in case of indecision in matching situation. The second contribution was a proposition of agent-based software architecture for management of a multiple cameras tracking system. We have proposed the global system modeling as well as agents and their interactions modeling using a personal analysis method but nevertheless inspired by modelisation languages and tolls such as Agent UML, MaSE and others, because there is not yet a standard and normalized tool on the subject. Our third contribution was to begin an implementation of our agent-based software architecture using JADE (Java Agent Development Framework). Some experiment and discussions are presented at the end to lead to our conclusions and perspectives
Gindraud, François. "Système distribué à adressage global et cohérence logicielle pourl’exécution d’un modèle de tâche à flot de données". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM001/document.
Texto completoDistributed systems are widely used in HPC (High Performance Computing). Owing to rising energy concerns, some chip manufacturers moved from multi-core CPUs to MPSoC (Multi-Processor System on Chip), which includes a distributed system on one chip.However distributed systems – with distributed memories – are hard to program compared to more friendly shared memory systems. A family of solutions called DSM (Distributed Shared Memory) systems has been developed to simplify the programming of distributed systems. DSM systems include NUMA architectures, PGAS languages, and distributed task runtimes. The common strategy of these systems is to create a global address space of some kind, and automate network transfers on accesses to global objects. DSM systems usually differ in their interfaces, capabilities, semantics on global objects, implementation levels (hardware / software), ...This thesis presents a new software DSM system called Givy. The motivation of Givy is to execute programs modeled as dynamic task graphs with data-flow dependencies on MPSoC architectures (MPPA). Contrary to many software DSM, the global address space of Givy is indexed by real pointers: raw C pointers are made global to the distributed system. Givy global objects are memory blocks returned by malloc(). Data is replicated across nodes, and all these copies are managed by a software cache coherence protocol called Owner Writable Memory. This protocol can relocate coherence metadata, and thus should help execute irregular applications efficiently. The programming model cuts the program into tasks which are annotated with memory accesses, and created dynamically. Memory annotations are used to drive coherence requests, and provide useful information for scheduling and load-balancing.The first contribution of this thesis is the overall design of the Givy runtime. A second contribution is the formalization of the Owner Writable Memory coherence protocol. A third contribution is its translation in a model checker language (Cubicle), and correctness validation attempts. The last contribution is the detailed allocator subsystem implementation: the choice of real pointers for global references requires a tight integration between memory allocator and coherence protocol
Gaillard, Charlotte. "Amélioration d'un modèle distribué d'érosion hydrique par la prise en compte spatiale de l'influence anthropique en milieu agricole". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2729.
Texto completoHäfliger, Claude Vincent. "Préparation à l'assimilation de hauteurs d'eau SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) dans un modèle hydrométéorologique distribué régional". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30266/document.
Texto completoThe SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) mission will provide free water surface elevations, slopes and river widths for rivers wider than 100 m, with a repetitivity of about 5 days and a revisit time of 21 days over France. These data will allow to validate hydrological models and improve them to simulate the water cycle. The final goal is to assimilate virtual water surface elevations measured by SWOT, by taking into account the error of these measurements. By using these products, the goal is to improve the values of the roughness coefficient in a hydrological model. This coefficient is important because river flows are very sensitive to this parameter. First, several developpements are set up in the regional hydrometeorological model ISBA/MODCOU. These model improvements will make possible comparisons with the future SWOT products. The principal objective is to simulate river depths in order to make an easy comparison with the SWOT products in future works. This will also improve the hydrodynamics of the model, in particular the simulation of temporal variations of flow velocities in the river. The representation of a variable flow velocity significantly improves the quality of the simulations which are validated over in situ river gauges located in the Garonne catchment. The comparison of ISBA/MODCOU outputs with those of fine-scale hydraulic models in the downstream Garonne river shows that the temporal river height variations are well simulated, but that it is difficult to simulate locally the river depth (because the high spatial heterogeneity of the geomorphology is not taken into account in ISBA/MODCOU). After the developpement and evaluation of the model in the Garonne catchement, the second step is to build a data assimilation scheme able to assimilate synthetic SWOT data in the model. The data assimilation scheme is based on the " Best Linear Unbiased Estimator " (BLUE). In our case, virtual SWOT data are used to improve an important hydrological parameter in ISBA/MODCOU : the roughness coefficient of the river. Because SWOT is not yet in orbit, it is necessary to simulate future satellite observations. By knowing the orbit, it is possible to simulate the swath and revisit times of the satellite above the Garonne catchment. We can also know over a complete cycle of 21 days which rivers will be observed and when. A reference simulation of ISBA/MODCOU has been run to create virtual observations. In this way, we know the reality to which we want to tender. This kind of experiment is called " twin experiment ". The goal is to start volontary from a pertubed state of the model, and then to converge in the assimilation cycles to the known reality. Results show that the data assimilation system let to converge in the direction of the reference simulation (± 1 Ks for the roughness coefficient, ± 5 cm for the river height). The representation of more realistic SWOT errors is implemented at the end of the work (linked to the instrument on board, the deformation of the waves in the atmosphere, etc.), and also the data assimilation of river heights simulated by fine scale hydraulic models in the downstream Garonne. Furthermore, the assimilation of temporal variations of river depths in ISBA/MODCOU is tested, because SWOT will not observe river depths but surface water elevations above a known reference level
Goundoul, N'golona. "Etude de la relation "averses-crues" : application d'un modèle global et essais de mise au point d'un modèle distribué sur le bassin versant du Bam-Bam (Tchad)". Avignon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AVIG1001.
Texto completoThe Bam-Bam catchment area is about 1196 km2. It is located in the sahelian region and its comprised by five jointed watersheds of different surfaces. The dynamic study of mrainfalls reflects the characteristics of precipitation (homogeneity of form, spatial distribution) in the sahelian region in general. A hydrological model based on the unit hydrograph technique is used with aim of analysing and predetermining the floods for each sub-watershed. The resulds obtained by a humped model approach show the predominance of surface runoff in comparison with the other types of runoff (base runoff, delayed runoff). An attempt using a distributed model shows that, for the watersheds greater than 100 km2, direct runoff is not predominant. In order to improve modelisation in the sahelian region, we suggest the application of a process which takes into account other factors (geomorphogical, pedological)
Pérez, Marie Anne. "Modèle électrothermique distribué de transistor bipolaire à hétérojonction : application à la conception non linéaire d'amplificateurs de puissance optimisés en température". Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0029.
Texto completoGnouma, Raouf. "Aide à la calibration d'un modèle hydrologique distribué au moyen d'une analyse des processus hydrologiques : application au bassin versant de l'Yzeron". Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0084/these.pdf.
Texto completoThe present work is a contribution to the recent research topics in hydrology devoted to the amelioration of hydrological modelling performance on the base of field knowledge. The study catchment is the Yzeron basin (A = 147,3 km²) located at the west of Lyon. Following a state of the art review concerning hydrological processes for runoff generation and distributed hydrological modelling, the WISTOO model was implemented in the Yzeron basin. This first work of modelling raised the different problems of the distributed hydrological modelling, already evoked in the literature, and stresses the importance of knowledge about the hydrological behaviour of the study catchment is necessary. In the second part of this work, a spatial analysis was carried out, using the different available thematic layers, leading to the selection of three representative sub-catchments. A field experimental approach has been conducted at two scales : catchment (runoff-rainfall analysis and geochemical tracing) and hillslope scale (piezometric level measurements). The geochemical tracing application has made it possible to propose some hypotheses on the hydrological behaviour of these entities. For a smaller scale approach, a set of piezometers have been installed on two hillslopes, which allowed monitoring of the piezometric level during some rainfall-runoff events. Association of two techniques (geochemical tracing and experimental investigation at the hillslope scale) and global rainfall-runoff analysis have finally permitted to improve our understanding of dominant hydrological processes associated to the representatives sub-catchments of Yzeron basin. A first tentative of integration of this knowledge in to the calibration process of WISTOO model constitutes the last chapter of this work
Dubus, Jérémy. "Une démarche orientée modèle pour le déploiement de systèmes en environnements ouverts distribués". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668936.
Texto completoTrudel, Mélanie. "Assimilation d'observations de débit et d'humidité du sol dans un modèle hydrologique distribué, application au bassin versant de la rivière des anglais". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/661/1/TRUDEL_M%C3%A9lanie.pdf.
Texto completoRouhier, Laura. "Régionalisation d'un modèle hydrologique distribué pour la modélisation de bassins non jaugés. Application aux vallées de la Loire et de la Durance". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS316/document.
Texto completoTo provide reliable simulations, hydrological models usually require the calibration of their parameters over streamflow data. However, the latter are limited and most of the catchments remained ungauged. Consequently, alternative methods termed ‘regionalization’ are needed to estimate model parameters. The thesis proposes to combine the three classical methods in order to regionalize the parameters of a distributed model over two large French catchments: the Loire catchment at Gien and the Durance catchment at Cadarache. On the basis of the three regionalization methods, the degree of spatialization is adapted to the different model parameters according to their characteristics and their hydrological role. In fine, the proposed multi-method and multi-pattern approach (i) significantly reduces the number of degrees of freedom, (ii) improves the representation of the catchment physical variability, and (iii) significantly improves the performance of the simulations. In the ungauged context, the parameter spatialization allows an improvement of about 10%, and in particular, the multi-method and multi-pattern povides an improvement of about 7% compared to a single regionalization method. Despite these improvements, the impact of the climatic input spatialization remains 6 times greater than th parameter spatialization
Rouhier, Laura. "Régionalisation d'un modèle hydrologique distribué pour la modélisation de bassins non jaugés. Application aux vallées de la Loire et de la Durance". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS316.
Texto completoTo provide reliable simulations, hydrological models usually require the calibration of their parameters over streamflow data. However, the latter are limited and most of the catchments remained ungauged. Consequently, alternative methods termed ‘regionalization’ are needed to estimate model parameters. The thesis proposes to combine the three classical methods in order to regionalize the parameters of a distributed model over two large French catchments: the Loire catchment at Gien and the Durance catchment at Cadarache. On the basis of the three regionalization methods, the degree of spatialization is adapted to the different model parameters according to their characteristics and their hydrological role. In fine, the proposed multi-method and multi-pattern approach (i) significantly reduces the number of degrees of freedom, (ii) improves the representation of the catchment physical variability, and (iii) significantly improves the performance of the simulations. In the ungauged context, the parameter spatialization allows an improvement of about 10%, and in particular, the multi-method and multi-pattern povides an improvement of about 7% compared to a single regionalization method. Despite these improvements, the impact of the climatic input spatialization remains 6 times greater than th parameter spatialization
Beaujouan, Véronique. "Modélisation des transferts d'eau et d'azote dans les sols et les nappes. Développement d'un modèle conceptuel distribué. Applications à de petits bassins versants agricoles". Rennes, ENSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NSARD035.
Texto completoVentresque, Anthony. "Espaces vectoriels sémantiques : enrichissement et interprétation de requêtes dans un système d'information distribué et hétérogène". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457820.
Texto completoRibès, André. "Contribution à la conception d'un modèle de programmation parallèle distribué et sa mise en oeuvre au sein de plates-formes orientées objet et composant". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10144.
Texto completoBessière, Hélène. "Assimilation de données variationnelle pour la modélisation hydrologique distribuée des crues à cinétique rapide". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7761/1/bessiere1.pdf.
Texto completoBessière, Hélène. "Assimilation de données variationnelle pour la modélisation hydrologique distribuée des crues à cinétique rapide". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. https://hal.science/tel-04426689.
Texto completoIntense flash floods, produced by severe thunderstorms, represent the most destructive hazard in the Mediterranean region. Human lives and properties are increasingly exposed to flood risks. Therefore, there is a clear need to improve real-time monitoring and flood forecasting. The HydroEco research group at IMFT (Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Toulouse) developed the MARINE model (Modélisation de l'Anticipation du Ruissellement et des Inondations pour des évéNements Extrêmes), a distributed physically-based model, in order to forecast this kind of flood. A data assimilation process called the adjoint state method is implemented into the MARINE model. The principle of the adjoint method is to consider input parameters as control variables and optimize them by minimizing a cost function measuring the discrepancy between observations and model simulations. The procedure is tested on the Mediterranean Gardon d'Anduze catchment. A previous sensitivity analysis allows identifying the most sensitive parameters in order to avoid the “non-uniqueness problem” and overparameterization. Then a first application of the adjoint method aims at calibrating the model. The method enables to evaluate the model performance and contributes to either the validation of physical hypothesis or perspectives for the model structure improvements. A consistent set of parameters, in accordance with results achieved with a Monte-Carlo procedure, is then identified and simulated hydrographs are limited into a reduced range of uncertainties. The second application of the method is dedicated to flash flood forecasting. The first strategy employed is to use outlet flow information during the rising flood phase to estimate the peak. The second strategy employed is to use information of intermediate upstream gauging stations to predict the outlet flow. Both strategies allow anticipating, a few hours in advance, the peak which is crucial from an operational point of view
Rejeb, Hejer. "Étude des problèmes d’ordonnancement sur des plates-formes hétérogènes en modèle multi-port". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14299/document.
Texto completoThe results presented in this document deal with scheduling problems on dynamic and heterogeneous computing platforms under the "multiport" model for the communications. We have considered the problem of scheduling independent tasks on master-slave platforms, in both offline and online contexts. We have also proposed algorithms for replicated files redistribution to achieve load balancing. Finally, we have studied the importance of bandwidth sharing mechanisms to achieve better efficiency
Morille, Benjamin. "Elaboration d’un modèle du climat distribué à l’échelle de l’abri et de la plante en cultures ornementales sous serres : analyse des transferts de masse et de chaleur, bilans énergétiques". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958617.
Texto completoThe objectives of this thesis are to develop a numerical tool which would be able to provide exhaustive information on the evolution of the distributed climate in a greenhouse. The thesis is based on experimental and numerical approaches and aims for giving information on the main concerns of the growers: the temperature and the humidity management with a special attention giving to the reduction of the energy consumptions. This is the reason why the study considers two situations in which these main concerns are the most pronounced. Experimental investigations on the climatic parameters have been led at the end of spring 2010 and at winter 2011 in order to increase the comprehension of the interaction between the physical mechanisms governing the climate and to provide data carry on the numerical part of this study. The higher heating needs and lower roof wall temperature during clear nights were evidence as well as most important role played by the solar radiation during days especially on temperature, the crop transpiration and the phenomenon of storage and restitution of heat in the ground. Then, the sensible ventilation efficiency impact on humidity and the lower on temperature are evidenced. Last, experimental data were also exploited through the application of transpiration models adapted to greenhouse conditions. Water balance on a crop divided into two layers provides supply information on the transpiration distribution. The unsteady 2D simulations consider night (clear, cloudy) and daytime (under clear sky conditions) situations. Innovative improvements are implemented into existing models : the RTE is solved in the canopy volume and provide the exact absorbed radiation in each crop layer all along the day and a condensation sub-routine is activated to simulate humidity rate evolution during the night. Models are validated against a large number of experimental climatic parameters. Simulations show good agreements with experimental data even if slight underestimations of humidity and temperature differences between above and inside crop air evidence the need of improvements on this point. Last, water and energy balances are obtained thanks to these models
Kaid, Achraf. "Modélisation électrothermique de composants de puissance discrets soumis à une surcharge électrique sous cadence". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAD057.
Texto completoThe miniaturization of electronic components is a major challenge for our daily objects. However, this miniaturization leads to an increase in power density, an elevation in temperature, and a degradation of component performance and reliability. To remedy this, it is therefore important to take thermal effects into account during component design. This is done using Computer-Aided Design (CAD). This thesis allowed the development of a simple and effective simulation tool for power electronic components. The tool is based on the use of multiple compact models distributed in space to describe a single power component. This allows to determine the evolution of electrical and thermal quantities (current, temperature, etc.) inside the power component. Our method also avoids numerical resolution of charge and heat transport equations in junctions. These must be finely discretized in conventional CAD methods based on the finite element method, but our method uses the calculation of compact models that do not require such a level of discretization. This advantage significantly reduces simulation times. The development of a graphical user interface was carried out for simplified use of the tool. Finally, this approach is sufficiently general to be applied to any type of component and to model other types of physics
Nguyen, Gia Hien. "Fiabilité des réponses fournies par un réseau logique pair-à-pair". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00342652.
Texto completoNguyen, Gia Hien. "Fiabilité des réponses fournies par un réseau logique pair-à-pair". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10233.
Texto completoThis thesis improves the reliability of answers in semantic peer-to-peer networks in different ways. The first part of the thesis focuses on the problem of returning only well-founded answers of a query when the global network of such a system is inconsistent. Two algorithms have been proposed. The first one detects causes of inconsistencies. It terminates, is decentralized, complete and correct. The second algorithm uses the results of the first one in order to make only well-founded reasoning. It terminates, is decentralized and correct. Promising results have been obtained from experimentations. The second part of the thesis considers the problem of modeling and handling peers’ trust into returned answers. Based on a probabilistic setting, the proposed model of trust has a clear semantics and trust towards answers can be estimated by peers with a good precision using few observations
Chai, Anchen. "Simulation réaliste de l'exécution des applications déployées sur des systèmes distribués avec un focus sur l'amélioration de la gestion des fichiers". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI003/document.
Texto completoSimulation is a powerful tool to study distributed systems. It allows researchers to evaluate different scenarios in a reproducible manner, which is hardly possible in real experiments. However, the realism of simulations is rarely investigated in the literature, leading to a questionable accuracy of the simulated metrics. In this context, the main aim of our work is to improve the realism of simulations with a focus on file transfer in a large distributed production system (i.e., the EGI federated e-Infrastructure (EGI)). Then, based on the findings obtained from realistic simulations, we can propose reliable recommendations to improve file management in the Virtual Imaging Platform (VIP). In order to realistically reproduce certain behaviors of the real system in simulation, we need to obtain an inside view of it. Therefore, we collect and analyze a set of execution traces of one particular application executed on EGI via VIP. The realism of simulations is investigated with respect to two main aspects in this thesis: the simulator and the platform model. Based on the knowledge obtained from traces, we design and implement a simulator to provide a simulated environment as close as possible to the real execution conditions for file transfers on EGI. A complete description of a realistic platform model is also built by leveraging the information registered in traces. The accuracy of our platform model is evaluated by confronting the simulation results with the ground truth of real transfers. Our proposed model is shown to largely outperform the state-of-the-art model to reproduce the real-life variability of file transfers on EGI. Finally, we cross-evaluate different file replication strategies by simulations using an enhanced state-of-the-art model and our platform model built from traces. Simulation results highlight that the instantiation of the two models leads to different qualitative decisions of replication, even though they reflect a similar hierarchical network topology. Last but not least, we find that selecting sites hosting a large number of executed jobs to replicate files is a reliable recommendation to improve file management of VIP. In addition, adopting our proposed dynamic replication strategy can further reduce the duration of file transfers except for extreme cases (very poorly connected sites) that only our proposed platform model is able to capture
Condom, Thomas. "Dynamiques d'extension lacustre et glaciaire associées aux modifications du climat dans les Andes Centrales". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066401.
Texto completoPak, Lai Ting. "Modélisation hydrologique distribuée des écoulements surface-souterrain à l’échelle d’un bassin versant bananier en milieu tropical volcanique (Guadeloupe, France)". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSAM0014/document.
Texto completoIn the French West Indies (FWI), limited resources supply on island and farming with extensive uses of pesticides have damaged water resources. In environments under intensive banana production, water pollution can be of particular concern, with regards to the use of chlordecone, an insecticide to control the banana weevil. Understanding the hydrological behaviour of a catchment is a challenge in assessing the exposure of the ecosystem to pollutions and in predicting the long-term contamination dynamics. This thesis aimed at developing a model to simulate de surface and underground hydrological processes at the catchment scale on volcanic deposits in a humid tropical area covered by banana plantations in Guadeloupe. First, we developed an original water budget model at the plot scale, adapted to the banana canopy. It takes into account the high rainfall redistribution by banana cover and simulates the effects of modified rainfall intensities and within-plot heterogeneities on the water balance components. The sensitivity analysis showed that rainfall redistribution promotes surface runoff and percolation, in accordance with the field observations, but influences little or only temporarily the average field evapotranspiration and soil moisture. The model calibration tested on experimental data indicated improved runoff production performances compared to a model without rainfall redistribution. Secondly, the Féfé experimental catchment (17.8 ha) was studied with a linked iterative modelling approach (of MHYDAS and MODFLOW) that includes surface and underground hydrological processes. Tested against a year of outlet discharge and water table depth measurements, the linked modelling approach seems appropriate. However, the main limit of this approach was that it does not consider the transfer through the unsaturated zone when simulating the aquifers' recharge. The analysis of the results and of the differences between measured and simulated variables supported the hypothesis, from experimental analyses, that: the surface runoff is mainly Hortonian, groundwater flow is the main contributor to runoff at the catchment outlet. However, there was still uncertainty concerning the main processes during wet periods. Various hypotheses were suggested and should be investigated in future studies. This work represents a first step towards the evaluation of the major flow paths and contamination dynamics of pesticides on volcanic deposits in a humid tropical area covered by banana plantations
Gastin, Paul. "Un modele distribue". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077072.
Texto completoLyoubi, Ahmed. "Métrologie et modélisation du bruit basse fréquence dans les transistors à effet de champ : application à la CAO des sources dans les systèmes de communication". Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0037.
Texto completoThis work concerns the development of the low frequency noise measurement set up and the distributed electrical modeling of field-effect transistors in order to lay out a precise and realistic description of this component for microwave CAD circuits. A first approach uses the classical model topology based on the non linear intrinsic model and the external parasitic elements. However, the constraining specifications imposed on the noise spectra of the oscillators within the electronic systems impose a rigorous modelling of the low frequency noise of the active devices. In oscillator circuits, low frequency noise sources are pratically the main causes of the resulting phase noise, so it is necessary to study the noise behaviour of the component. Indeed, the presence of noise converted by phase modulation and amplitude around the oscillator carrier, contribute for instance, to increase the bit error rate or to reduce the radar detector sensibility. In order to extract a realistic electrical noise models, a low frequency noise measurement set up, composed of a low noise voltage amplifier, a low noise transimpedance amplifier and an FFT analyzer, is developed. With this experimental characterization, the FET LF noise model is established from the distributed non linear model. The distribution of the low frequency noise current sources into the non linear model enabled us to compare successfully the measured and computed phase noise of the DRO at 19 GHz of millimeter wave sources of warning/avoidance car radar at 77 GHz
Rahman, Anis. "La perception des visages en vidéos: Contributions à un modèle saillance visuelle et son application sur les GPU". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923796.
Texto completoGarambois, Pierre-André. "Etude régionale des crues éclair de l'arc méditerranéen français. Elaboration de méthodologies de transfert à des bassins versants non jaugés". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0102/document.
Texto completoClimate and orography in the Mediterranean region tend to promote intense rainfalls, particularly in autumn. Storms often hit steep catchments. Flood quickness only let a very short time lapse for forecasts. Peak flow intensity depends on the great variability of rainfalls and catchment characteristics. As a matter of facts, observation networks are not adapted to these small space-time scales and event severity often affects data fiability when they exist thus the notion of ungauged catchment emerges. Regionalization in hydrology seeks to determine hydrological variables at locations where these data lack. This work contributes to pose the bases of a methodology adapted to transpose parameterizations of a flash flood dedicated distributed hydrologic model from gauged catchments to ungauged ones, and for a large study area. The MARINE distributed hydrologic model is used [Roux et al., 2011], its originality lies in the automatically differentiated adjoint model able to perform calibrations and spatial-temporal sensitivity analysis, in order to improve understanding in flash flood generating mechanisms and real time data assimilation for hydrometeorological forecasts. MARINE sensitivity analysis addresses the question of physical process understanding. A large panel of hydrologic behaviours is explored. General catchment behaviours are highlighted for the study area [Garambois et al., 2012a]. Selected flood events and a multiple events calibration technique help to extract catchment parameter sets. Those parameterizations are tested on validation events. A variance decomposition method leads to parameter temporal sensitivity analysis. It enables better understanding in catching dynamics of physical processes involved in flash floods formation [Garambois et al., 2012c]. Parameterizations are then transfered from gauged catchments with hydrologic similarity to ungauged ones with a view to develop real time flood forecasting
Avril, Quentin. "Détection de Collision pour Environnements Large Échelle : Modèle Unifié et Adaptatif pour Architectures Multi-coeur et Multi-GPU". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642067.
Texto completoBournez, Olivier. "Modèles Continus. Calculs. Algorithmique Distribuée". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123104.
Texto completosystèmes physiques, biologiques, ou issus de l'informatique
distribuée. Nous nous intéressons à leur pouvoir de modélisation, et à
leurs propriétés en tant que systèmes de calculs, et plus généralement
aux propriétés calculatoires des modèles continus.
Les deux premiers chapitres ne visent pas à produire des résultats
nouveaux, mais à motiver ce travail, et à le mettre en
perspectives. Le chapitre 3 constitue un survol. Les chapitres 4, 5 et
l'annexe A présentent un panorama de quelques-uns de nos résultats
personnels en relations avec cette problématique.
Plus précisément, le chapitre 1 présente les systèmes dynamiques, avec
un point de vue classique et mathématique. Il vise d'une part à
souligner la richesse, et la subtilité des comportements possibles des
systèmes dynamiques continus, et d'autre part à mettre en évidence que
différents dispositifs sont intrinsèquement continus, et utilisables
comme tels pour réaliser des calculs. En outre nous insistons sur la
puissance de modélisation d'une classe de systèmes dynamiques, que
nous nommons les problèmes de Cauchy polynomiaux.
Les exemples du chapitre 2, issus de la bioinformatique, des modèles
de la biologie des populations, de la virologie biologique et de la
virologie informatique, et de l'algorithmique distribuée, se
distinguent de ceux du chapitre 1 par le fait qu'ils mettent
explicitement en jeu une certaine notion de concurrence entre agents.
Nous présentons la théorie des jeux, et ses modèles, en nous
focalisant sur certains de ses modèles du dynamisme. Ces modèles
continus deviennent naturels pour parler d'algorithmique distribuée,
en particulier dès que l'on a affaire à des systèmes de grandes
tailles, ou dont on ne contrôle pas les interactions. Nous pointons
quelques modèles de l'algorithmique distribuée qui intègrent ces
considérations, et le potentiel de l'utilisation des systèmes continus
pour l'algorithmique distribuée.
Le chapitre 3 constitue un survol de la théorie des calculs pour les
modèles à temps continu. La puissance des modèles de calculs à temps
et espace discrets est relativement bien comprise grâce à la thèse de
Church, qui postule que tous les modèles raisonnables et suffisamment
puissants ont la même puissance, celle des machines de Turing. On peut
aussi considérer des modèles où le temps est continu. Certaines
grandes classes de modèles ont été considérées dans la
littérature. Nous les reprenons dans ce chapitre, en présentant un
panorama de ce qui est connu sur leurs propriétés calculatoires.
Le chapitre 4 présente un résumé de quelques-uns de nos résultats
personnels à propos de la comparaison de la puissance de plusieurs
modèles à temps continu, en relations avec la thèse de Emmanuel
Hainry. Claude Shannon a introduit en 1941 le GPAC comme un modèle des
dispositifs de calculs analogiques. Les résultats de Shannon ont
longtemps été utilisés pour argumenter que ce modèle était plus faible
que l'analyse récursive, et donc que les machines analogiques sont
prouvablement plus faibles que les machines digitales. Avec Manuel
Campagnolo, Daniel Graça, et Emmanuel Hainry, nous avons prouvé
récemment que le GPAC et l'analyse récursive calculent en fait les
mêmes fonctions. Ce résultat prend toute sa perspective si l'on
comprend que les fonctions calculées par le GPAC correspondent aux
problèmes de Cauchy polynomiaux, dont le pouvoir de modélisation est
discuté dans le chapitre 1.
D'autre part, nous avons montré qu'il était possible de caractériser
algébriquement les fonctions élémentairement calculables et
calculables au sens de l'analyse récursive. Cela signifie d'une part
qu'il est possible de les caractériser en termes d'une sous-classe des
fonctions R-récursives à la Moore, ce qui étend les résultats de
Campagnolo, Costa, Moore, de la calculabilité discrète à l'analyse
récursive, mais aussi d'autre part, qu'il est possible de caractériser
ces fonctions de façon purement continue, par l'analyse, sans
référence à de la calculabilité.
Dans le chapitre 5, nous reprenons certains de nos résultats à propos
de caractérisations logiques de classes de complexité dans le modèle
de Blum Shub et Smale, en relations avec la thèse de Paulin Jacobé de
Naurois. Le modèle de Blum Shub et Smale constitue un modèle de calcul
à temps discret et à espace continu. Le modèle, défini initialement
pour parler de complexité algébrique de problèmes sur le corps des
réels, ou plus généralement sur un anneau, a été par la suite été
étendu par Poizat en un modèle de calculs sur une structure logique
arbitraire. Avec Paulin Jacobé de Naurois, Felipe Cucker et Jean-Yves
Marion, nous avons caractérisé syntaxiquement les classes de
complexité majeures dans ce modèle sur une structure arbitraire, à la
Bellantoni et Cook 1992.
Le chapitre 6 est consacré à une conclusion, dans laquelle nous
reprenons plusieurs questions et perspectives qui nous semblent
intéressantes.
Dans l'annexe A, nous discutons un point de vue sur les
hypercalculs. La question de l'existence de systèmes capables de
réaliser des hypercalculs, c'est-à-dire d'effectuer des calculs
exploitables qui ne seraient pas réalisables par aucune machine de
Turing, fait encore couler de l'encre et des controverses. Nous avons
été invité à exprimer notre point de vue dans un numéro spécial sur le
sujet, que nous reprenons en annexe A. Nous y rappelons plusieurs
mauvaises compréhensions fréquentes de la thèse de Church, et nous
présentons un panorama de plusieurs classes de systèmes mathématiques,
avec la caractérisation de leur puissance.
Adla, Abdelkader. "Aide à la Facilitation pour une prise de Décision Collective : Proposition d'un Modèle et d'un Outil". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00514908.
Texto completoBarreto, Lucio Sangoi. "Modelo de otimiza??o para o planejamento da expans?o de sistemas de distribui??o considerando gera??o distribu?da". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3091.
Texto completoNeste trabalho apresenta-se um modelo para o problema de planejamento em m?ltiplos est?gios da expans?o do sistema de distribui??o de energia, considerando gera??o distribu?da. O modelo de expans?o considera a amplia??o da capacidade das subesta??es existentes, a instala??o de novas subesta??es, o uso de gera??o distribu?da, e os diferentes tipos de altera??es poss?veis nos alimentadores (amplia??o, remo??o, uni?o, subdivis?o, transfer?ncia de carga e substitui??o de condutores). A fun??o objetivo a ser minimizada representa o valor presente dos custos totais de instala??o (alimentadores e subesta??es), de opera??o e manuten??o da rede e da gera??o distribu?da. O modelo considera restri??es operacionais, relacionadas com a capacidade dos equipamentos e com os limites de tens?o, e restri??es l?gicas, com o objetivo de reduzir o espa?o de busca. S?o apresentadas: (a) uma extens?o da formula??o linear disjuntiva que ? capaz de representar a inclus?o, a exclus?o e a substitui??o de ramos da configura??o inicial; (b) uma generaliza??o das restri??es relacionadas com a cria??o de novos caminhos que pode ser aplicada em topologias mais complexas. O modelo linear inteiro misto resultante permite que a solu??o ?tima seja obtida atrav?s de m?todos de programa??o matem?tica, tais como o algoritmo branch-and-bound. A validade e a efici?ncia do modelo s?o comprovadas atrav?s de exemplos de aplica??o em uma rede de distribui??o em m?dia tens?o. As simula??es realizadas consideram o problema de planejamento em tr?s est?gios de uma rede distribui??o de energia el?trica, admitindo cinco situa??es distintas: (a) planejamento independente de cada um dos tr?s est?gios; (b) planejamento multi-est?gio; (c) planejamento multi-est?gio com gera??o distribu?da; (d) planejamento multi-est?gio com gera??o distribu?da e restri??es de investimento; (e) planejamento multi-est?gio com gera??o distribu?da considerando tr?s n?veis de carregamento. ? realizada tamb?m uma an?lise da influ?ncia das restri??es adicionais, relacionando- as com o esfor?o computacional envolvido na determina??o da solu??o ?tima do problema.
Bradai, Amira. "Secured trust and reputation system : analysis of malicious behaviors and optimization". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0019/document.
Texto completoReputation mechanisms offer a novel and effective way of ensuring the necessary level of trust which is essential to the functioning of any critical system. They collect information about the history (i.e., past transactions) of participants and make public their reputation. Prospective participants guide their decisions by considering reputation information, and thus make more informative choices. Online reputation mechanisms enjoy huge success. They are present in most e-commerce sites available today, and are seriously taken into consideration by human users. Existing reputation systems were conceived with the assumption that users will share feedback honestly. But, such systems like those in peer to peer are generally compromise of malicious users. This leads to the problem in cooperation, aggregation and evaluation. Some users want to use resources from network but do not want to contribute back to the network. Others manipulate the evaluations of trust and provide wrong estimation. We have recently seen increasing evidence that some users strategically manipulate their reports and behave maliciously. For proper protecting against those users, some kind of reputation management system is required. In some system, a trusted third entity exists and can aggregate the information. However, Peer-to-peer networks don’t have any central control or repository. Large size of distributed and hybrid networks makes the reputation management more challenging task. Hence reputation management system should perform all the tasks in distributed fashion. When these kinds of systems are implemented, peers try to deceive them to take maximum advantage. This thesis describes ways of making reputation mechanisms more trustworthy and optimized by providing defense mechanism and analysis. Different kinds of malicious behaviors exist and for each one, we present a complete analysis, simulation and a real use case example in distributed and non-distributed way
Rozoy, Brigitte. "Un modele de parallelisme : le monoide distribue". Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2039.
Texto completoGastin, Paul. "Un Modèle distribué". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376053112.
Texto completoNowak, Thomas. "Comportement transitoire d'algorithmes distribués et modèles de circuits". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01061470.
Texto completoMa, Qiang. "Modélisation hydrologique déterministe pour les systèmes d'aide à la décision en temps réel : application au bassin versant Var, France". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4015/document.
Texto completoWater resource is commonly considered as one of the most important natural resources in social development especially for supporting domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. During the last decade, due to the increase of human activities, such as urbanization and industrialization, the social impacts on the natural environment become more and more intensive. Therefore, recently, water problems compared to before become more complicated. To deal with the complex problem, since 1970s, started from the companies, people recognized that the Decision Support System (DSS) has obvious advantages Moreover, with the development of computer science and web techniques, the DSS are commonly applied for supporting the local decision makers to manage the region natural resources especially the water resources. The hydrological modelling in charge of representing the catchment characteristics plays significant role in the Environment Decision Support System (EDSS). Among different kinds of models, the deterministic distributed hydrological model is able to describe the real condition of the study area in more detail and accurate way. However, the only obstacle to limit the applications of this kind of model is pointed to the large data requirement requested by its modelling set up. In this study of hydrological modelling assessment in AquaVar project, one deterministic distributed model (MIKE SHE) is built for the whole Var catchment with less field information available in the area. Through one reasonable modelling strategy, several hypothesises are conceived to solve the missing data problems within daily and hourly time intervals. The simulation is calibrated in both daily and hourly time scale from 2008 to 2011, which contains one extreme flood event at 2011. Due to the impacts of missing data on both model inputs and observations, the evaluation of modelling calibration is not only based on the statistic coefficients such as Nash coefficient, but also effected by some physical factors (e.g. peak values and total discharge). The calibrated model is able to describe usual condition of Var hydrological system, and also represent the unusual phenomenon in the catchment such as flood and drought event. The validation process implemented from 2011 to 2014 within both daily and hourly time interval further proves the good performance of the simulation in Var. The MIKE SHE simulation in Var is one of the main parts of the deterministic distributed modelling system in the EDSS of AquaVar. After the calibration and validation, the model could be able to use for forecasting the impacts of coming meteorological events (e.g. extreme flood) in this region and producing the boundary conditions for other deterministic distributed models in the system. The design of the EDSS architecture, modelling strategy and modelling evaluation process presented in this research could be applied as one standard working process for solving the similar problems in other region
De, Saqui-Sannes Pierre. "Conception basée modèle des systèmes temps réel et distribués". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010707.
Texto completoAl, Masri Nada. "Modèle d'Administration des Systèmes Distribués à Base de Composants". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474407.
Texto completoParaiso, Fawaz. "soCloud : une plateforme multi-nuages distribuée pour la conception, le déploiement et l'exécution d'applications distribuées à large échelle". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01009918.
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