Libros sobre el tema "Modèle distribué"

In the monograph reviewed the development of the inventory management of railway transport in the new economic environment of market economy. According to the results of theoretical research, innovative and production potential of the supply system of railway transport the main directions and methods of transformation of the restructuring process under the corporate changes of JSC "RZD", positioned value system of the logistics of railway transportation, and developed a classification model used logistical resources. Evaluation of activity of structural divisions of Russian Railways supply is proposed to be viewed through an integrated and comprehensive approach to the development of systems of balanced indicators of supply and prompt handling of material resources, the implementation of which allows to distribute the strategic objectives of the company "Russian Railways" activities in the system of logistics of the Railways and also to involve in economic circulation of excessive and unused inventories of material and technical resources and efficiently reallocate them among enterprises at the site of the railway. Recommendations for the implementation of the developed algorithms and models are long term in nature and are based on the concept of logistics management and improve the business processes of the logistics system. Will be useful for managers and specialists of directorates of logistics of Russian Railways supply, undergraduates and graduate students interested in the economy of railway transport.

In Old Testament narratives, invasion and conquest were the catalysts of the institution of kingship. Chapter 2 explores relevant biblical models for medieval kingship, both conditional and unconditional. It also considers the paradoxes of writers’ decisions about how to distribute responsibility and justice in classical sources, which lacked a providential framework for the explanation of human actions and obligations. Together, these ancient models of royal responsibility, both causal and moral, illuminate approaches to the problem of explaining contingency with which later writers were familiar. The chapter also identifies several key Carolingian precedents for guiding evaluating kings to show where Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman thought about kingship diverged from continental models.

Ideas and people may be mobilized in order to influence the thinking of policy makers or society to either promote a specific point of view or enact policy in the form of laws or programs that benefit the ideas or people. This mobilization of ideas and people is known as political advocacy, which falls into two broad categories: social action and social mobilization, which can—but not necessarily—give rise to social movements, and interest and lobbying groups. According to Mancur Olson, groups are organized to pursue a common good or benefit. The success or failure of such groups can be explained using models such as the classical model, the resource mobilization model, and the “political process” model. The success of political advocacy is contingent upon a number of interrelated concepts and characteristics, including access to resources (money, people, and time), good leadership, a sense of identity or common focus, and the opportunity to be heard. A movement can distribute its message to its target audience—for example, policy makers, opinion leaders, potential participants, or the public at large—by means of information and communications technologies (ICTs). Two theses are used to assess the effectiveness of ICTs in political advocacy: the mobilization thesis and the reinforcement thesis. The inclusion of international communication has enriched our understanding of how, when, where, and why political advocacy is or is not effective.

Help your library leverage opportunities in the popular do-it-yourself publishing movement by following this guide's process for creating and producing books. In this useful guidebook, you'll learn how to transform your library into a self-publishing center with pointers, advice, and strategies for creating, producing, and printing books both digitally and on paper. The book outlines your partnering role with patrons in the creation of published materials, offering step-by-step guidance for assisting library users who wish to put their written words in print. By using the detailed plan in this reference, you'll be able to help patrons identify an audience for their material, select the best publishing software for their needs, and utilize social media to promote and distribute their work. Chapters follow the publishing process from planning to creative development, production, and marketing. The final chapter features books, websites, and Internet sources for designing brochures; creating a website; and designing, printing, and distributing a book. Helpful guidelines accompany excerpts from interviews with librarians experienced with this publishing model, examples of self-published books, and graphic models.

Naturally fractured reservoirs present unique and specialized challenges to hydrocarbon extraction. Naturally Fractured Reservoir Characterization seeks to confront many of these challenges by providing an introduction to the engineering and geological character of naturally fractured reservoirs. The focus is on understanding fractures in a reservoir – how to determine whether fractures are important to hydrocarbon producibility, and if so, how to analyze the fracture system for the purpose of improved reservoir management. Topics discussed include the geological character of fracture systems, how to recognize and describe them, their effect on reservoir performance, how to distribute them in a reservoir model, and different approaches to flow simulation. A blend of engineering and geological data and tools are used to optimize our understanding of this class of reservoirs. Case histories of several naturally fractured reservoirs are presented to show that a range of strategies may be required to successfully address the complexity of this diverse class of reservoirs.

Exploring models for masculinity as they appear in major works of Greek literature, this book combines literary, historical, and psychological insights to examine how the ancient Greeks understood the meaning of a man's life. The thoughts and actions of Achilles, Odysseus, Oedipus, and other enduring characters from Greek literature reflect the imperatives that the ancient Greeks saw as governing a man's life as he moved from childhood to adult maturity to old age. Because the Greeks believed that men (as opposed to women) were by nature the proper agents of human civilization within the larger order of the universe, examining how the Greeks thought that a man ought to live his life prompts exploration of the place of human life in a world governed by transcendent forces, nature, fate, and the gods. While focusing on the experience of men in ancient Greece, the discussion also offers an analysis of the society in which they lived, addressing questions still vital in our own time, such as how the members of a society should govern themselves, distribute resources, form relationships with others, weigh the needs of the individual against the larger good of the community, and establish right relations with divine forces beyond their knowledge or control. Suggestions for further reading offer the reader the chance to explore the ideas in the book.

Relational Inequalities focuses on the organizational production of categorical inequalities, in the context of the intersectional complexity and institutional fluidity that characterize social life. Three generic inequality-generating mechanisms—exploitation, social closure, and claims-making—distribute organizational resources, rewards, and respect. The actual levels and contours of the inequalities produced by these three mechanisms are, however, profoundly contingent on the historical moments and institutional fields in which organizations operate. Organizational inequality regimes are comprised of the resources available for distribution; the task-, class-, and status-based social relations within organizations; formal and informal practices used to accomplish goals and tasks; and internal cultural models of people, work, and inequality, often adapted from the society at large to fit local social relationships. Legal and cultural institutions as they are filtered through workplace inequality regimes steer which groups are exploited and excluded, blocking or facilitating the conditions that lead to exploitation and closure. Sometimes exploitative and closure claims-making are naked and open for all to see; more often, they are institutionalized, taken for granted, and legitimated, sometimes even by those being exploited and excluded. The implications of RIT for social science and equality agendas are discussed in the conclusion. Case studies examine historical and contemporary workplace inequality regime variation in multiple countries. The role of intersectionality in producing regime variation is explored repeatedly across the book. Many occupations and industries are examined in depth, with particular attention given to engineers, CEOs, financial service, airlines, and information technology industries.

Nos últimos 50 anos o mundo experimentou intensas e profundas transformações decorrentes do modelo de desenvolvimento adotado pelos países em processo de industrialização. A produção agrícola em particular, obteve crescentemente ganhos de rendimento físico e financeiro, mas ignorou às pressões do modelo implementado, sobre os recursos naturais e sobre às populações rurais. A despeito de haver ampliado significativamente a produção agrícola (notadamente a de comodities) também é absolutamente verdadeiro a secundarização do papel e importância do meio ambiente das culturas locais e das pessoas ligadas à cada ambiente onde se realiza a agricultura. Pensar a produção de alimentos para o abastecimento interno da população e para redução das dificuldades alimentares e da fome, deixou aparentemente, de ser objetivo principal e estratégico de um país que convive com a pobreza e com uma acentuada desigualdade social. Neste contexto demonstrar o papel da agroecologia e dos sistemas de agricultura de base ecológica tornou-se essencial e os estudos sobre transições agroecológicas de cultivos agrícolas são fundamentais para a indispensável viabilidade econômica, ambiental e social de tais agriculturas, aonde os elementos da produção física e da rentabilidade financeira não devem estar desassociados das preocupações com o ambiente (solo, água, florestas e biodiversidade) e muito menos das pessoas ( pequenos e médios agricultores dos espaços rurais e dos consumidores de alimentos) que tornam possível os alimentos chegarem à nossa mesa. Portanto um choque de paradigmas sempre instala um conflito de ideias, de práxis sociais, de formas de fazer ciência, de tratar as instituições, de produzir, de tratar a natureza, de consumir, de distribuir, de conhecer. Por isto que cada forma de cultivar a terra, de fazer agricultura e pecuária, corresponde a uma orientação paradigmática que atua no sentido de reafirmar o velho paradigma em crise, ou se aproxima do paradigma emergente, por constatar um conflito entre a qualidade das demandas do novo consumidor e o velho paradigma. A Transição Paradigmática reflete esta segunda tendência, na medida em que as tentativas de respostas oferecidas pelo velho paradigma em nada alteraram o curso das coisas, pois não ofereceram uma alternativa que garantisse à humanidade uma vida de qualidade. Pelo contrário, enquanto as respostas apresentadas a partir do paradigma emergente, já sinalizaram que o trato agroecológico da natureza não só oferece uma agricultura e pecuária saudáveis, que não adoece a vida animal e vegetal, assim como propicia uma vida que gera vida, ao invés da vida que ameaça a própria vida. Por tudo isto devemos viver um movimento paradoxal, lutar ininterruptamente para iluminar o interior da caverna de onde saímos do culto ao velho paradigma, mas sem deixar de amparar aqueles que entrando em estado de perturbação com essa luz, debatem-se contra ela, uns insistindo nela ficar, e outros que convencidos da necessidade de dela sair, mal encontram forças e orientação para encontrar o caminho da saída. É preciso suportar a dor da agressão de quem estendemos as mãos, assim como suportar o peso e angústia de quem socorremos para sair dela. A Transição Agroecológica é nosso bom combate no trato da natureza. É o caminho de construção de um meio ambiente saudável a todas as formas de vida, porque emerge da compreensão do diálogo com as distintas linguagens da natureza, procurando descobrir as demandas de cada espécie que integra a biota de cada planta e animal que exploramos no meio ambiente que intervimos. Mas sabemos que neste processo uns caminham mais rápido, outros mais lentos. Contudo, afetados pelos imperativos ontológicos de cada espécie animal e vegetal, pela vontade da natureza em realizar sua autopoiese, respondem ou responderão amanhã à determinação da Transição Agroecológica. Como nos ensina Kant “a Natureza assim o quis”, e deste imperativo de participar da autopoiese da vida nenhum de nós tem como se desviar. Pois, a resistência terá como retorno a reação imperativa de um crescente movimento de transição agroecológica que luta por uma economia que garanta condições de sua autoreprodução e assim a continuidade do seu curso em sociedade, sem o velho e cansativo modo de produção que se funda no inaceitável estranhamento do ser humano com a natureza. O livro Transição Agroecológica - Evoluindo em Sistemas Produtivos é uma produção do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Territorial (PPGADT), doutorado profissional interdisciplinar, oferecido em associação ampla pela Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF) e Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE). Os 10 artigos que compõem o livro são resultados da disciplina Transição Agroecológica e Sistemas Agroalimentares, ofertada no segundo semestre de 2020, de forma remota, devido a pandemia do coronavírus 19, no Polo UNEB, pelos docentes do Programa Professores Jairton Fraga Araújo, Luciano Sérgio Ventin Bonfim e Edonilce da Rocha Barros. Ao decidir-se publicar os resultados dos trabalhos dos doutorandos em associação com seus orientadores, neste e-book, analisou-se a pertinência dos textos que podem contribuir de forma substancial para a transição de sistemas produtivos que ora são desenvolvidos no Submédio São Francisco, em áreas irrigadas, a partir de estudos técnico-científicos. Mesmo com uma longa trajetória da agricultura irrigada no Vale, sabemos que a busca pela qualidade de alimentos limpos é mais que necessária. Os artigos ora apresentados trazem informações que demarcam o esforço das universidades instaladas no território Sertão do São Francisco, dentre elas a UNEB, em produzir e popularizar conhecimentos para uma transição agroecológica e o desenvolvimento sustentável do Semiárido brasileiro.

Economy and mankind are inextricably interlinked. Just as the economy or the production of material wealth is unimaginable without a man, so human existence and development are impossible without the wealth created in the economy. Shortly, both the goal and the means of achieving and realization of the economy are still the human resources. People have long ago noticed that it was the economy that created livelihoods, and the delays in their production led to the catastrophic events such as hunger, poverty, civil wars, social upheavals, revolutions, moral degeneration, and more. Therefore, the special interest of people in understanding the regulatory framework of the functioning of the economy has existed and exists in all historical epochs [A. Sisvadze. Economic theory. Part One. 2006y. p. 22]. The system of economic disciplines studies economy or economic activities of a society. All of them are based on science, which is currently called economic theory in the post-socialist space (the science of economics, the principles of economics or modern economics), and in most countries of the world - predominantly in the Greek-Latin manner - economics. The title of the present book is also Modern Economics. Economics (economic theory) is the science that studies the efficient use of limited resources to produce and distribute goods and services in order to satisfy as much as possible the unlimited needs and demands of the society. More simply, economics is the science of choice and how society manages its limited resources. Moreover, it should be emphasized that economics (economic theory) studies only the distribution, exchange and consumption of the economic wealth (food, beverages, clothing, housing, machine tools, computers, services, etc.), the production of which is possible and limited. And the wealth that exists indefinitely: no economic relations are formed in the production and distribution of solar energy, air, and the like. This current book is the second complete updated edition of the challenges of the modern global economy in the context of the coronary crisis, taking into account some of the priority directions of the country's development. Its purpose is to help students and interested readers gain a thorough knowledge of economics and show them how this knowledge can be applied pragmatically (professionally) in professional activities or in everyday life. To achieve this goal, this textbook, which consists of two parts and tests, discusses in simple and clear language issues such as: the essence of economics as a science, reasons for origin, purpose, tasks, usefulness and functions; Basic principles, problems and peculiarities of economics in different economic systems; Needs and demand, the essence of economic resources, types and limitations; Interaction, mobility, interchangeability and efficient use of economic resources. The essence and types of wealth; The essence, types and models of the economic system; The interaction of households and firms in the market of resources and products; Market mechanism and its elements - demand, supply and price; Demand and supply elasticity; Production costs and the ways to reduce them; Forms of the market - perfect and incomplete competition markets and their peculiarities; Markets for Production Factors and factor incomes; The essence of macroeconomics, causes and importance of origin; The essence and calculation of key macroeconomic indicators (gross national product, gross domestic product, net national product, national income, etc.); Macroeconomic stability and instability, unemployment, inflation and anti-inflationary policies; State regulation of the economy and economic policy; Monetary and fiscal policy; Income and standard of living; Economic Growth; The Corona Pandemic as a Defect and Effect of Globalization; National Economic Problems and New Opportunities for Development in the conditions of the Coronary Crisis; The Socio-economic problems of moral obsolescence in digital technologies; Education and creativity are the main solution way to overcome the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus; Positive and negative effects of tourism in Georgia; Formation of the middle class as a contributing factor to the development of tourism in Georgia; Corporate culture in Georgian travel companies, etc. The axiomatic truth is that economics is the union of people in constant interaction. Given that the behavior of the economy reflects the behavior of the people who make up the economy, after clarifying the essence of the economy, we move on to the analysis of the four principles of individual decision-making. Furtermore, the book describes how people make independent decisions. The key to making an individual decision is that people have to choose from alternative options, that the value of any action is measured by the value of what must be given or what must be given up to get something, that the rational, smart people make decisions based on the comparison of the marginal costs and marginal returns (benefits), and that people behave accordingly to stimuli. Afterwards, the need for human interaction is then analyzed and substantiated. If a person is isolated, he will have to take care of his own food, clothes, shoes, his own house and so on. In the case of such a closed economy and universalization of labor, firstly, its productivity will be low and, secondly, it will be able to consume only what it produces. It is clear that human productivity will be higher and more profitable as a result of labor specialization and the opportunity to trade with others. Indeed, trade allows each person to specialize, to engage in the activities that are most successful, be it agriculture, sewing or construction, and to buy more diverse goods and services from others at a relatively lower price. The key to such human interactions is that trade is mutually beneficial; That markets are usually the good means of coordination between people and that the government can improve the results of market functioning if the market reveals weakness or the results of market functioning are not fair. Moroever, it also shows how the economy works as a whole. In particular, it is argued that productivity is a key determinant of living standards, that an increase in the money supply is a major source of inflation, and that one of the main impediments to avoiding inflation is the existence of an alternative between inflation and unemployment in the short term, that the inflation decrease causes the temporary decline in unemployement and vice versa. The Understanding creatively of all above mentioned issues, we think, will help the reader to develop market economy-appropriate thinking and rational economic-commercial-financial behaviors, to be more competitive in the domestic and international labor markets, and thus to ensure both their own prosperity and the functioning of the country's economy. How he/she copes with the tasks, it is up to the individual reader to decide. At the same time, we will receive all the smart useful advices with a sense of gratitude and will take it into account in the further work. We also would like to thank the editor and reviewers of the books. Finally, there are many things changing, so it is very important to realize that the XXI century has come: 1. The century of the new economy; 2. Age of Knowledge; 3. Age of Information and economic activities are changing in term of innovations. 1. Why is the 21st century the century of the new economy? Because for this period the economic resources, especially non-productive, non-recoverable ones (oil, natural gas, coal, etc.) are becoming increasingly limited. According to the World Energy Council, there are currently 43 years of gas and oil reserves left in the world (see “New Commersant 2007 # 2, p. 16). Under such conditions, sustainable growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) and maximum satisfaction of uncertain needs should be achieved not through the use of more land, labor and capital (extensification), but through more efficient use of available resources (intensification) or innovative economy. And economics, as it was said, is the science of finding the ways about the more effective usage of the limited resources. At the same time, with the sustainable growth and development of the economy, the present needs must be met in a way that does not deprive future generations of the opportunity to meet their needs; 2. Why is the 21st century the age of knowledge? Because in a modern economy, it is not land (natural resources), labor and capital that is crucial, but knowledge. Modern production, its factors and products are not time-consuming and capital-intensive, but science-intensive, knowledge-intensive. The good example of this is a Japanese enterprise (firm) where the production process is going on but people are almost invisible, also, the result of such production (Japanese product) is a miniature or a sample of how to get the maximum result at the lowest cost; 3. Why is the 21st century the age of information? Because the efficient functioning of the modern economy, the effective organization of the material and personal factors of production largely depend on the right governance decision. The right governance decision requires prompt and accurate information. Gone are the days when the main means of transport was a sailing ship, the main form of data processing was pencil and paper, and the main means of transmitting information was sending letters through a postman on horseback. By the modern transport infrastructure (highways, railways, ships, regular domestic and international flights, oil and gas pipelines, etc.), the movement of goods, services and labor resoucres has been significantly accelerated, while through the modern means of communication (mobile phone, internet, other) the information is spreading rapidly globally, which seems to have "shrunk" the world and made it a single large country. The Authors of the book: Ushangi Samadashvili, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University - Introduction, Chapters - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11,12, 15,16, 17.1,18 , Tests, Revaz Shengelia, Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University, Chapters_7, 8, 13. 14, 17.2, 17.4; Zhuzhuna Tsiklauri - Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University - Chapters 13.6, 13.7,17.2, 17.3, 18. We also thank the editor and reviewers of the book.