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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Modèle animaux d'infection"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Modèle animaux d'infection"
Medugu, N., B. Adegboro, M. S. Babazhitsu, M. Kadiri y E. A. Abanida. "A review of the recent advances on Lassa fever with special reference to molecular epidemiology and progress in vaccine development". African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 24, n.º 2 (18 de abril de 2023): 130–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v24i2.3.
Texto completoDUCROT, C. "Chapitre 1 : Pathogénie des Encéphalopathies Spongiformes Transmissibles". INRAE Productions Animales 17, HS (20 de diciembre de 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2004.17.hs.3618.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Modèle animaux d'infection"
Reynaud, Joséphine. "Développement d'un modèle murin transgénique d'infection par l'herpèsvirus 6A et étude des mécanismes d'induction de la neuroinflammation". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998378.
Texto completoBruder, Elise. "Etude de l'implication de PB1-F2 dans la pathogénicité, l'émergence et la transmissibilité des virus Influenza de Type A". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL065.
Texto completoInfluenza A viruses (IAVs), belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family, have a segmented, negative-sense RNA genome that promotes reassortment (exchange of genomic segments) and antigenic drift (mutations due to the lack of polymerase proofreading). These processes enable the virus to evade pre-existing immune defenses. IAVs pose a major public health and veterinary concern, regularly emerging and causing epizootics events with significant economic impacts, particularly in poultry industries (551 million birds culled between 2005 and 2023). Their ability to infect a wide range of hosts and cross species barriers raises the threat of zoonotic emergence with efficient human-to-human transmission, potentially leading to a pandemic. Among viral proteins, virulence factors such as PB1-F2 play a critical role in host adaptation and influence the virulence of emerging strains. Discovered in 2001, PB1-F2 is a small, intrinsically disordered protein of 90 amino acids, associated with increased pathogenicity in mammals, although its mechanisms remain unclear and its function unknown, especially in avian hosts. Non-essential for viral replication, PB1-F2 is functional in 95% of avian strains, but this functionality is often lost during the host switch to mammals due to truncation of its C-terminal domain, leading to virus attenuation and less severe seasonal outbreaks. Since 2013, H5Nx reassortants from clade 2.3.4.4b, derived from the H5N1 strain, have diversified through waves of reassortment, with the N1 segment replaced by others (N2, N3, N5, N6, N8, and N9). During the winter of 2016-2017, Europe experienced its largest HPAI outbreak ever recorded, with two co-circulating H5N8 strains: one expressing a functional 90 aa PB1-F2 (Poland strain) and the other a non-functional 11 aa version (Tarn strain). The Tarn strain caused significant economic losses in southwest France (6.8 million ducks culled). This scenario, where an avian IAV causes high mortality in ducks without expressing functional PB1-F2, may suggest pre-adaptation to mammalian hosts and zoonotic potential. Understanding PB1-F2's role in crossing species barriers, transmissibility, and pathogenicity is crucial for predicting pandemic strain emergence. Specific motifs in PB1-F2's C-terminal domain, linked to increased pathogenicity in mammals, are partially present in the Poland strain. A panel of Poland proteins with or without these inflammation-associated mutations (mut1 and mut2), along with truncated PB1-F2 versions, were studied in an NFkB-luciferase transgenic mouse model to quantify inflammation via in vivo imaging. qPCR analysis of lung tissue complemented the study of the inflammatory response induced by the recombinant protein. PB1-F2's ability to form amyloid fibrils, associated with increased pathogenicity in mice, was also investigated. In parallel, Poland viruses carrying these mutations and the Tarn strain were generated via reverse genetics to assess their impact on the inflammatory response during influenza infections in mice. Cellular recruitment and cytokine production in the lungs were characterized using flow cytometry and ELISA multiplex. H5N8 viruses, less virulent than mammalian strains, are poorly adapted to the murine model, but PB1-F2 contributes to heightened post-infection inflammation. Transmission tests in ferrets confirmed the poor adaptation of H5N8 to mammals. These findings enhance the understanding of PB1-F2's mechanism of action and its role in balancing pathogenicity and viral fitness
Kukavica-Ibrulj, Iréna y Iréna Kukavica-Ibrulj. "Génomique fonctionnelle du régulateur transcriptionnel PYCR de Pseudomonas aeruginosa essentiel in vivo et comparaison des cinétiques d'infection pulmonaire chronique". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19688.
Texto completoPseudomonas aeruginosa est une bactérie pathogène opportuniste, hautement résistant à une multitude d’antibiotiques qui infecte principalement les patients immunosupprimés. Il représente la cause principale de morbidité et de mortalité chez les patients atteints de fibrose kystique (mucoviscidose). Le but principal de ce projet consistait à identifier et à caractériser des gènes essentiels à l’infection et au maintien de P. aeruginosa dans un modèle animal d’infection pulmonaire chronique. À partir d’une banque de mutants transpositionnels, nous avons identifié 148 mutants de P. aeruginosa déficients à causer l’infection pulmonaire chronique chez le rat. Suite à des analyses bioinformatiques, le mutant inactivant le gène PA5437 a été sélectionné. L’opéron adjacent code pour les sous unités du pyruvate carboxylase (pycA et pycB) et est régulé par le gène PA5437, d’où l’appellation pycR pour pyruvate carboxylase regulator. Le pycR a été identifié comme étant un régulateur transcriptionnel de type LysR ayant une région typique de liaison à l’ADN. Le codon d’initiation de la transcription des gènes pycR et pycA a été identifié par élongation d’amorce. La capacité de liaison de la protéine PycR à l’ADN a été confirmée à l’aide du gel à retardement. L’implication de PycR dans la virulence bactérienne in vivo a été confirmée par indice de compétition et après 7 jours d’infection le mutant déficient ΔpycR est complètement éliminé du poumon du rat. L’importance de PycR a aussi été confirmée in vitro à l’aide des tests phénotypiques et enzymatiques démontrant la déficience dans la production de la lipase, de l’estérase et du biofilm. Finalement, l’analyse des résultats métaboliques et transcriptomiques a confirmé l’importance de PycR dans la régulation du métabolisme de lipides, de l’activité lipolytique, de la respiration anaérobique, de la formation du biofilm et des gènes régulés par le quorum sensing. Dans un second volet, une étude comparative entre souches prototypes (PAO1 et PA14) de P. aeruginosa et un isolat clinique (LESB58) de la fibrose kystique a été réalisée dans un modèle de l’infection pulmonaire chronique chez le rat. Cette étude a permis d’identifier des différences significatives au niveau de la localisation bactérienne dans les tissus pulmonaires de l’isolat clinique LESB58. D’importantes différences ont également été notées au niveau des facteurs de virulence comme la mobilité et la formation du biofilm. À long terme, les nouvelles connaissances acquises en génomique fonctionnelle devraient permettre d’identifier et de développer de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques permettant de combattre et mieux comprendre les infections causées par cette bactérie.
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly resistant to most classes of antibiotics and causes a wide variety of infections in compromised hosts. In addition, it represents the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The principal goal of the present research project was to identify and to characterise P. aeruginosa genes essential for causing a chronic lung infection. Using a PCR-based signature-tagged mutagenesis, we identified a P. aeruginosa STM5437 mutant having an insertion into the PA5437 gene; its inactivation causes attenuation of virulence in vivo. The PA5437 gene, now called pycR, regulates the adjacent operon encoding the pyruvate carboxylase subunits (pyruvate carboxylase regulator). PycR has the signature of a putative transcriptional regulator with a predicted helix-turn-helix motif binding to a typical LysR DNA-binding motif identified in the PA5436 (pycA)-PA5437 (pycA) intercistronic region. Transcriptional start sites of pycA and pycR were identified by primer extension and the DNA binding capacity of PycR was confirmed by a DNA mobility gel shift assay. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling indicated that the genes whose control were differentially expressed by PycR implicated genes responsible for lipid metabolism, lipolytic activity, anaerobic respiration, biofilm formation and a number of quorum sensing regulated genes. This study defines PycR as a major regulator in virulence and where mutations in pycR have pleiotropic effects on the expression of multiple virulence factors such as lipase, esterase and biofilm formation. The expressions of several of these genes are associated with chronic lung persistence. In the second part of the study, P. aeruginosa prototype strains PAO1 and PA14 were compared with the CF isolate LESB58 in the rat model of chronic lung infection. This comparative study identified major differences for LESB58; in vivo in bacterial localisation in the rat lung and in vitro for motility and biofilm production. Functional genomics of P. aeruginosa will provide new insights for the development of novel therapeutic targets. Genomic biodiversity may explain the variation in severity of the P. aeruginosa infections in CF disease.
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly resistant to most classes of antibiotics and causes a wide variety of infections in compromised hosts. In addition, it represents the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The principal goal of the present research project was to identify and to characterise P. aeruginosa genes essential for causing a chronic lung infection. Using a PCR-based signature-tagged mutagenesis, we identified a P. aeruginosa STM5437 mutant having an insertion into the PA5437 gene; its inactivation causes attenuation of virulence in vivo. The PA5437 gene, now called pycR, regulates the adjacent operon encoding the pyruvate carboxylase subunits (pyruvate carboxylase regulator). PycR has the signature of a putative transcriptional regulator with a predicted helix-turn-helix motif binding to a typical LysR DNA-binding motif identified in the PA5436 (pycA)-PA5437 (pycA) intercistronic region. Transcriptional start sites of pycA and pycR were identified by primer extension and the DNA binding capacity of PycR was confirmed by a DNA mobility gel shift assay. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling indicated that the genes whose control were differentially expressed by PycR implicated genes responsible for lipid metabolism, lipolytic activity, anaerobic respiration, biofilm formation and a number of quorum sensing regulated genes. This study defines PycR as a major regulator in virulence and where mutations in pycR have pleiotropic effects on the expression of multiple virulence factors such as lipase, esterase and biofilm formation. The expressions of several of these genes are associated with chronic lung persistence. In the second part of the study, P. aeruginosa prototype strains PAO1 and PA14 were compared with the CF isolate LESB58 in the rat model of chronic lung infection. This comparative study identified major differences for LESB58; in vivo in bacterial localisation in the rat lung and in vitro for motility and biofilm production. Functional genomics of P. aeruginosa will provide new insights for the development of novel therapeutic targets. Genomic biodiversity may explain the variation in severity of the P. aeruginosa infections in CF disease.
Beaulac, Christian. "Élaboration et évaluation de chémoliposomes à action bactéricide anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa chez un modèle animal d'infection chronique". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1995. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4966/1/000620161.pdf.
Texto completoGagnon, Mélanie. "Rôle des probiotiques lors d'infections entériques d'origine bactérienne et virale : analyses in vitro et études in vivo chez des modèles murins". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24866/24866.pdf.
Texto completoFor decades, the use of certain lactic acid bacteria as so-called probiotics has been suggested in order to stabilize the intestinal microbiota and thus prevent or treat enteric infections. Consumption of these bacteria, which are normal components of human intestinal microbiota, is reputed to be beneficial to health. However, their possible role as therapeutic or prophylactic agents has been studied very little. Five probiotic bifidobacteria isolated from the feces of newborn infants were first selected and characterized. Among these, a strain of Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum (called RBL71) demonstrating strong resistance to the conditions prevailing in the digestive tract, strong adhesion to Caco-2 intestinal cells and inhibition of the adhesion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (50%) to Caco-2 cells was administered via the oral route to BALB/c mice. Mice thus treated before challenge had reduced fecal counts of E. coli O157:H7 and less intestinal histological damage than the control group. Greater production of O157:H7-specific antibody was detected in mice receiving the probiotic. In a second study, the effectiveness of three other strains of bifidobacteria against viral enteropathogens was examined. A strain of B. thermophilum (called RBL67) demonstrating the strongest inhibition (98%) of rotavirus attachment to Caco-2 and HT-29 intestinal cells was administered via the oral route to neonatal CD-1 mice infected with rotavirus. The viral concentration of the intestinal contents 48 hours after infection was significantly lower in the probiotic-treated group than in the control group. In addition, the diarrhea was of shorter duration and rotavirus-specific antibody production was detected in the mice receiving the probiotic before infection. These results suggest that strain RBL67 has a positive impact on the evolution of infections by invasive viral pathogens such as rotavirus and that strain RBL71 could thus have a role to play in the prevention or treatment of enteric infections by non-invasive bacterial pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7. In both cases, inhibition of adhesion of the pathogen seems to be a plausible mechanism of action. This demonstration of the activities of these new bifidobacterial strains of human origin against E. coli O157:H7 and rotavirus suggests their potential for interfering with the mechanism of infection of enteropathogens and supports their use in humans as possible agents for preventing enteric infections transmitted by the oral route.
Defaye, Manon. "Mise en place d'un modèle animal d'infection par Blastocystis : répercussion sur la sensibilité colique, le comportement et le microbiote intestinal". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS019/document.
Texto completoChronic abdominal pain often associated with colonic hypersensitivity (CHS) is one of the major symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS is a functional chronic disorder affecting ~11% of worldwide population and disturbing patients’ quality of life. Etiology is multifactorial and thus pathophysiology is complex and remains poorly understood. Infectious gastroenteritis has been described as one of the risk factors for development of post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS). PI-IBS can occur in 4-31% of patients following acute gastroenteritis of bacterial, viral or parasitic origin. Numerous studies support a role for pathogen-mediated modifications in the resident intestinal microbiota, epithelial barrier integrity and immune activation in PI-IBS. Interestingly, the risk of IBS is highest with protozoal enteritis, with ~40% of individuals developing IBS against ~14% following bacterial infection. Blastocystis is the most common intestinal parasite found in human intestinal tract. Nevertheless, clinical relevance remains controversial, despite recent epidemiological studies showing a higher prevalence of this parasite in IBS patients. Interestingly, studies report that individuals carrying Blastocystis display abdominal pain and intestinal dysbiosis. Currently, the lack of reproducible animal model of Blastocystis infection does not allow to study the pathological mechanisms related to infection and thus to explore the potential contribution of this parasite in IBS.The aims of this study were first to develop a murine model of Blastocystis infection and then to investigate whether this parasite could lead to the development of intestinal dysbiosis associated CHS with the aim of developing a new PI-IBS rat model.The first aim was to evaluate the infectivity of different parasitic subtypes and stages (vacuolar and cystic forms) isolated from axenic cultures or purified from human or animal feces, into laboratory animals (rats and mice). Interestingly, we succeeded in the development of a reproducible model of chronic infection by Blastocystis in laboratory rats using cysts purified from human stool.Using this animal model, we found that Blastocystis ST4 induced non inflammatory CHS in infected rats. In addition infected rats developed anxiety- and depressive-like behavior correlated with CHS. Infection associated intestinal dysbiosis was characterized by increased bacterial richness and decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Interestingly, we correlated CHS with the increase in the relative abundance of genus Bacteroides and the decrease in the relative abundance of the family Clostridiaceae, some bacteria producing Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). Indeed, fecal SCFAs levels were decreased in infected rats. These decreases were correlated with the relative abundance of genus Oscillospira which was also described increased in Blastocystis individual carriers. In addition, we have demonstrated an increase in fecal serine protease activity in infected animals that may explain development of CHS.These data suggest that a gastrointestinal infection with Blastocystis may be associated with the establishment of intestinal dysbiosis associated CHS. Thus, this new infectious model could be a good model of PI-IBS and could therefore contribute to a better diagnosis and development of new therapeutic strategies for chronic bowel diseases
Delebecque, Frédéric. "Mise au point d'un modèle murin d'infection par HTLV-1 à l'aide de virus chimériques contenant l'enveloppe de Moloney-MuLV". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066087.
Texto completoOkay, Thelma Suely. "Etude de la kystogenèse de Toxoplasma Gondii chez le rat immunocompétent ou immunodéprimé et dans un modèle d'infection congénitale : caractérisation génotypique de différentes souches et clones toxoplasmiques par amplification aléatoire". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10081.
Texto completoSevestre, Julien. "Epidémie clonale d'infections invasives à méningocoque de groupe B en Normandie : caractérisation d'un facteur de virulence - HmbR, système d'acquisition du fer via l'hémoglobine - et analyse de la protection conférée par un vaccin à base de vésicules de membrane externe". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR047/document.
Texto completoThis thesis work includes two studies which both contribute to analyze a posteriori an outbreak of invasive meningococcal diseases (IMD) that had occurred in Normandy from 2003 to 2012 due to the expansion of a single hypervirulent clone (B:14:P1.7,16/ST-32 ). The first work (published in Virulence: Sevestre et al 2018 ;9 :923-929) focused on the virulence determinants of “B14” by comparing 6 isolates, either from IMD or from asymptomatic carriage (these latter expressing or not the capsule). Apparently identical on the basis of classical typing methods (immunotyping and MLST genotyping), these 3 groups of isolates were markedly different by whole genome analysis and on gene by gene comparison (more than 600 genes presenting a variable genetic profile). This analysis leaded to identify the crucial implication of iron acquisition in virulence and in particular the place of the HmbR system, an hemoglobin receptor. In a murine model (transgenic mice made susceptible to infection), these 3 groups also appeared separated, with a distinct infectivity hierarchy (bacterial counts, levels of cytokines). The restoration of the HmbR system in the capsulated carriage isolates (switch from Off phase to On phase) also restored their invasiveness in vitro and in vivo. Even if iron is already known to be a determining factor in the virulence of many bacterial species, our results clearly indicate the importance of the hmbR phase variation among clonal epidemic isolates, allowing adaptation to carriage, sine qua non condition for people to people transmission. The second work (published in Vaccine: Sevestre et al 2017 ;35 :4029-4033) concerned the durability and the cross-protection of the MenBvac®, an OMV vaccine (Outer Membrane Vesicles), used in the past to control the outbreak. This work has been done thanks to 2 cohorts of children vaccinated with 4 doses and sampled either 1 year or 4 years after the last dose. The efficacy (serum bactericidal activity against the epidemic strain) was short lasting, with 48% of children protected after 1 year and 31% after 4 years, a result in accordance with OMV literature. A bactericidal effect was observed far beyond “B14”, by cross-immunity with strains harboring homologies, even partials of the porin PorA (main antigenic determinant in OMV vaccine), indicating a coverage for 15% of virulent isolates B circulating in France, an original result as until then not so far investigated