Tesis sobre el tema "Mobilité autonome à la demande"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 25 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Mobilité autonome à la demande".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Berrada, Jaâfar. "Analyse et optimisation technico-économiques des nouveaux services de mobilité basés sur l'usage des véhicules autonomes". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1002.
Texto completoAutonomous Vehicles (AV) are becoming more of a reality, promising beneficial yet potentially disrupting changes to our urban transportation systems. This technology presents the potential to reduce energy consumption and crash occurrences, cut travel costs and minimize urban space occupancy for parking purposes. Yet barriers to implementation and mass-market penetration remain. Economically, the upfront costs in the initial stage will likely lack affordability. Socially, users could be reluctant to change their daily travel routines. Technically, the interactions with the other components of the transportation system remain uncertain. There are other challenges regarding liability, security, ethics and data privacy, too.This thesis contributes to the ex-ante study of AV-based mobility systems through the identification, design and assessment of upcoming Business Models (BM) articulated around AVs. In particular, it brings about a systemic analysis of “new” mobility services (especially car-sharing, carpooling and ride-sourcing services) in order to identify autonomous taxis (aTaxis) and autonomous shuttles (aTransit) as two of the most relevant forms of services that may enjoy wide spreading. Then, we focus on a service of aTaxis and we put forward a microeconomic model framework to evaluate strategic setups of aTaxis provider. The model framework comprises three levels (operational, tactical and strategic), and integrates three pressure forces (regulation, unit costs and demand preferences). An application is then conducted on a stylized area (Orbicity) and a real urban case (Palaiseau, a city in Paris area).Simulation results show that automation has the potential to improve both the mobility performances and the economic efficiency of the urban transportation system. Additionally, the density economies of supply and demand are evaluated by controlling both the fleet size and the number of users for a fixed study area. In particular, the framework application on Palaiseau proved that increasing by ten the fleet size of aTaxis involves 1% more users (+15 passengers) yet 50% less of profit. A stated-preference survey supports the model framework and suggests that aTaxis will likely be used for short-distance (2 to 5 km) commuting trips by two user profiles: (1) non-motorized young users (less than 30 years old) and (2) motorized active population between 30 and 50 years old.The thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach combining (1) a qualitative analysis that starts from a review of existing works and adds first a marketing analysis of Business Models based on AVs and second a systemic analysis of an aTaxis service, and (2) a quantitative analysis, situated midway between microeconomics and spatial simulation
Carreyre, Félix. "Are robotaxis worth it ? On-demand Autonomous Vehicle Mobility Services in heterogeneous Territories : A Cost Benefit Analysis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENPC0043.
Texto completoThe 2010’ has seen a spectacular interest for autonomous vehicles (AV). The new market opened by the promises of improved safety and comfort pushed car makers and newcomers, such as tech companies, to invest in the development of autonomous vehicles. The scientific literature has also taken interest in the topic and produced analysis to investigate the expected impact of this emerging mode of transportation. These works have mostly focused on the operational ability of on-demand autonomous vehicles services to replace services which are actually operated by conventional car, including the private use of the car. This thesis aims to provide an economic evaluation of on-demand autonomous vehicles services in different territories to complete the existing scientific literature.This thesis aims to answer the following research questions: What are the performances of AV-based services by considering the perspectives of the main stakeholders (i.e., users, operators and public authorities)? Are there more relevant AV-based services than others? Which is the most suitable operating model of AV-based services to deploy in each type of territory (i.e., urban, peri-urban and rural)?First, a bibliometric analysis and a meta-analysis is carried out to understand the focus of the literature and its main results. Then, a cost-benefit analysis framework suited to the evaluation of autonomous vehicles services is developed. The methodology is applied to three case studies, in Berlin (urban setting), the Communauté d’agglomération de Paris-Saclay (periurban setting) and Dourdan (a rural territory south of Paris). Each time, the MATSim agent-based mobility model is used to forecast the expected use of the AV services considered, and provide the necessary inputs for the cost-benefit analysis.The contributions of this thesis are both methodological and empirical. The methodological contribution lies in the development of a CBA framework and a parametrical set of reference values for autonomous vehicle services. Regarding the empirical contribution, the meta-analysis shows that on-demand AV services would increase travelled distances in most cases, but could allow to cut down the required fleet size by half. Our case studies corroborate and extend these results with a more comprehensive evaluation. In the Berlin case study, introducing AVs would lead to an increase in congestion, leading to a decrease in the consumer surplus and a negative net present value. This suggests that automation in urban settings should firstly focus on heavier modes of transportation, such as bus lines or rail lines. The Paris Saclay case study led to more promising results thanks to an intermodal (train – AV) scenario which allowed to significantly increase the average occupancy per vehicle and increase accessibility for many users, at the cost of lower patronage for the competing bus lines. On-demand AVs could replace low occupancy bus lines depending on territories. Considering the potentially substantial infrastructure costs, AVs could be implemented under a Stop-Based routing to limit the network length to equip. In the Dourdan rural case study, on-demand AVs suffer from low occupancy, especially when the service does not offer ridesharing (with a significant share of deadheading). This low economic performance of AV services in rural territories suggests that these should only be introduced for specific purposes – such as providing a mobility solution for specific populations – or in combination with other mobility policies. This case study highlights the importance of infrastructure costs, which are even more prevalent for low demand densities.This work contributes to better understanding the potential impacts of on-demand AVs. It provides first recommendations on how to introduce AVs depending on the territorial context in order to mitigate the undesirable externalities and limit the possibly large financial costs, especially regarding the infrastructure
Radier, Benoît. "Mobilité autonome". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066707.
Texto completoCortina, Mélanie. "Fostering synergy between public transportation and autonomous mobility on demand : the prospects of regulation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vaulx-en-Velin, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENTP0010.
Texto completoWith its ability to overcome common limitations of shared mobility, such as supply-demand imbalances, stochasticity in supply, and unaffordable rides, Autonomous Mobility on Demand (AMoD) could help face today's environmental challenges. But to prevent a too-high induced demand and increase the vehicle kilometers traveled, integrating AMoD and Public Transportation (PT) is required. However, the cooperation of AMoD and PT is not ensured, as shown by Uber's example. The main issue addressed in this thesis is how to regulate AMoD to foster cooperation with PT and achieve the benefits of intermodal AMoD. This question is tackled in two study cases: a transportation corridor and a large urban area. The work has three main objectives. First, it accounts for the benefits of a multimodal system based on the cooperation between PT and AMoD regarding efficiency, sustainability, and equity. Second, it aims at understanding the circumstances of cooperation/competition between PT and AMoD. The idea is to identify under which conditions AMoD cooperates or competes with PT and describe the associated mobility patterns. Third, we propose optimized means to realize the benefits of intermodal AMoD. It consists in optimizing the regulation strategies chosen for both case studies. In the corridor, we optimize the joint PT design and AMoD service disaggregation into fleets operating on geofenced coverage zones for the corridor. In the large city, we explore several pricing schemes affecting both travelers and autonomous vehicles
Bois, Hugo. "Modélisation et prospective de la demande de mobilité". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100100/document.
Texto completoToday, mostly in developed countries, we are moving from ownership to usership and therefore from transport to mobility. Mobility is at the heart of people's lives and structure; it is also a source of positive externalities (economic activity, time saving, geographical accessibility) but also negative about the environment (local pollution, greenhouse gases), the social (mobility inequalities) and the economy (loss of time in congestion). It is therefore necessary to analyse the impact on public expectations of public policies aimed at reducing negative externalities.This thesis is financed by PSA Group and aims to study the mobility demand through the construction of modal preferences. In this aim, the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to analyze the importance of the attributes characterizing transportation modes and the perceptions of these attributes for each transportation modes. An econometric treatment is then carried out concerning attitudes and perceptions and different models are compared with and without accessibility constraints. Finally, a carbon tax is introduced into our model through a shock of short-term perceptions to analyze changes in modal preferences. A new transportation mode is also introduced. The combination of these two elements is then analyzed in terms of modal shares and CO2 emissions. The analytic framework constructed allow us to simulate changes in a longer term. In other words, it allows to model the impact of prospective scenarios on modal preferences. This model was delivered to the PSA Group to refine the construction of its prospective scenarios as well as their knowledge about mobility demand.The main result are the followings. A carbon tax which is high enough must be introduced to have a significant and positive impact on the greenhouse gas emissions reduction from travel. At the same time, a new transportation mode defined between the bicycle and the small electric vehicle implies an increase in satisfaction of individuals. To be brief, if the objective is to reduce CO2 emissions from transports while maximizing the satisfaction of individuals, our model tells us that a relatively high carbon tax stimulate innovation and thus allows new transportation modes to emerge that are cleaner and better fitted to individuals expectations
Falola, Malick Oluchègoun. "La légitimité de la garantie autonome souscrite par une personne physique : essai de droit comparé (France et OHADA)". Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100053.
Texto completoThe general prohibition on the subscription of the autonomous guarantee to the physical persons established by the right(straight) African uniform is illegitimate. Indeed, the quality of natural person is compatible on one hand with the autonomous nature and with the technical functions(offices) of the guarantee and on the other hand with the rules(rulers) of legal politics(policies) relative to the economic and social emergence, without forgetting that the protection of the dignity of the human person also opposes the ban absolved from the guarantee to the physical persons. This absolute prohibition dedicated legally by the AUS would have created the obstacles to the physical persons in the exercise of their business and social laws. She (it) would establish (constitute) a brake in the economic and social blooming(self-fulfillment) of the physical persons. The absolute and general prohibition on the AUS is also questionable because it does not make a distinction between a professional and a consumer or exactly between guarantees or counter-guarantees signed by a professional in the interest of the pursuit (continuation) of the professional activity, and those were signed by consumers. We could say that this discrimination is illegitimate and based (established) because we could not forbid to a warned professional what is allowed any legal entity. What means that the professional people could be affected (allocated) by this prohibition. Because the law not in front of not to forbid them to sign an autonomous guarantee to cover a loan, with their bank, for the benefit of their cabinet (office), what implies(involves) that the activity of these professionals could be affected(allocated) if the prohibition extends to the professional people. Certain physical persons, in this particular case professionals physical persons warned or profane can sign an autonomous guarantee within the framework of their economic activities. A duty of information or piece of information is necessary on the rigor of the autonomous guarantee for the benefit of the profane professionals physical persons before they make a commitment. It is justified by the will to protect them against mindless commitments
Jacob, François. "Le constitut : ou l'engagement autonome de payer la dette d'autrui à titre de garantie". Strasbourg 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR30016.
Texto completoThis thesis aims at exploring and testing a new form of personnal security called constitut. The constitut can be defined as the undertaking to pay the debt of a third party by way of garantee, the undertaking being autonome, i. E. Not accessory to the debt of the principal debtor. As indicated by that definition and verified in this thesis, the constitut a security which achieves a compromise detween two types of garantees : on the hand the classic suretyship which is no longer seen as protecting enough and in the other hand the much criticized and misunderstood bonds which after having taken the place of the suretyship in international transactions tend to invade the domestic area
ARCORACI, ANDREA. "Sistemi Interattivi a supporto dei Veicoli Autonomi. User Experience all'interno del concept di mobilità Pop.Up Next". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2915201.
Texto completoJavaid, Usman. "Routage et gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux personnels". Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13570.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to investigate methods and strategies for efficient routing and mobility management in personal environments. The concept of Personal Ubiquitous Environments (PUE) is introduced which accommodates heterogeneous devices and access networks of different users and sustain the notion of sharing resources in a distributed manner. A prerequisite for achieving the resource (devices, networks) sharing in personal environments is the deployment of suitable communication protocols which establish efficient multi-hop routes betweens the devices of the PUE. Personal Network Routing Protocol (PNRP) has been developed to perform policy-based routing in personal environments. Moreover, in certain personal networking scenarios, the infrastructure network components (i. E. Gateways) are more than one-hop distance from the user's devices; Adaptive Distributed gateway Discovery (ADD) protocol is thereby proposed to efficiently discover the multi-hop routes towards the gateway in a totally distributed manner. All the more, since the personal environments regroups heterogeneous access networks, an efficient mobility management architecture is proposed which offers unified location management and seamless handover experience to dynamic personal nodes. The proposed protocols are assessed by means of numerous communication scenarios; the simulation results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed protocols
Grand, Christophe. "Optimisation et commande des modes de déplacement des systèmes locomoteurs hybrides roue-patte : application au robot Hylos". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066460.
Texto completoAbid, Bessaoud Meriem. "Pilotage autonomique de la mobilité dans les réseaux sans fil hétérogènes". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066690.
Texto completoCicile, Jérôme. "La mobilité des personnes dans les grandes villes européennes : de la congestion automobile à la régulation de la demande". Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10014.
Texto completoChaabane, Chiraz. "Système embarqué autonome en énergie pour objets mobiles communicants". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071056.
Texto completoAllaire, Julien. "Forme urbaine et mobilité soutenable : enjeux pour les villes chinoises". Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363397.
Texto completoZhao, Xiagang. "Algorithmes pour les problèmes de tournées à la demande". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671350.
Texto completoMoine, Alexandre. "Modélisation de la demande de logements en zone frontalière : un outils d'aide à la décision appliqué au marché local de Morteau (Doubs)". Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1037.
Texto completoIt's very difficult to understand the formation and anticipate the evolution of housing demand, especially in case of border zones. They depend on occupants mobility according to life cycle, housing strategy, income, socio-economic contexte, and disponibility of houses; and occur residential moves. In the case of local analysis, in morteau, near the swiss border, we compare the local market with a complex system where all the elements which explain occupant mobility are in interaction. Owing to an approach based on systemic method, and particulary on dynamic system according to JW. Forrester, we build a computer program in order to simulate demand evolution, and to identify the main causes which blocked the market in relation with the evolution of the number of frontier workers
Zidi, Issam. "Modélisation et Optimisation d’un Système de Transport à la Demande Multicritère et Dynamique". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0012/document.
Texto completoThe Dial a Ride Problem (DRP) is to take passengers from a place of departures to places of arrivals. Different versions of the dynamic Dial a Ride Problem are found in every day practice; transportation of people in low-density areas, transportation of the handicapped and elderly persons and parcel pick-up and delivery service in urban areas. In the DRP, customers send transportation requests to an operator. A request consists of a specified pickup location and destination location along with a desired departure or arrival time. The ultimate aim is to offer an alternative to displacement optimized individually and collectively. The DRP is classified as NP-hard problem that’s why most research has been concentrated on the use of approximate methods to solve it. Indeed the DRP is a multi-criteria problem, the proposed solution of which aims to reduce both route duration in response to a certain quality of service provided. In this thesis, we offer our contribution to the study and solving the DRP in the application using a multi agent system based on the Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Le, Goascoz Marie-Hélène. "La demande en logements : quels choix pour les acquéreurs de logements neufs : étude sur Rennes et son district urbain". Rennes 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN20008.
Texto completoThe analysis of the demand for new lodgings in Rennes and its urban district finds itself within the framework of the right to lodging. We choose indeed to focus our interest to owner occupiers who wish to acquire a main residence for personal use. On a methodological level, in order to remedy the lack of existing procedure, the setting up of a questionnaire seems essential. Our main motives are to know the acquire profiles and their desires to buy so as to define the expectations and behaviours of the inhabitants of Rennes and its urban district. From the analysis point of view, it seems important to understand the reasons behind the demand and its means rather than the quantitative aspect of this demand. Moreover, a structural approach enables one to understand the part played by the housing producers in the organization of the supply and the setting of the demand
Tran, Tien Dung. "L'usage du vélo en libre-service : impact de l'environnement socio-économique des stations sur la génération de la demande : application sur la Métropole de Lyon". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2179.
Texto completoIn a context of sustainable transport, the bike sharing is an important factor in the policies to promote soft modes of transport in the urban center. Its rapid development in the world requires a need to deepen the usage of this mode of travel. Our contribution through this research is to analyze the important built-environment factors and the characteristics of bike sharing system that influence the use of bike sharing in order to build predictive models of demand for bike sharing. Assuming that socio-economic elements around the bike sharing stations are qualitatively and quantitatively explanatory for the use of bike sharing, our approach are based primarily on statistical analysis of temporal and spatial elements explaining bike sharing usage in order to determine and quantify the important built-environment variables. These variables are then used to model the generation of the daily demand of bike sharing using multiple linear regression method. The models estimating inflows and outflows of bike sharing using socioeconomic variables determined in a buffer area of each station are built. These models are useful for estimating the demand for new stations in an enlargement perspective of an existing bike sharing system or location and sizing of a new bike sharing system. The similar process of determination, quantification of the explanatory variables and modelling can be used to form a framework to predict the demand of other vehicle sharing systems
Windisch, Elisabeth. "Une évaluation financière des politiques publiques en faveur des véhicules électriques en France". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957749.
Texto completoMahieux, Aurélie. "Economic assessment of strategic transport policies in a context of sustainable development : which innovative solutions ? : Application to the Syndicat Mixte des Transports Artois-Gohelle area". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12020/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the mobility patterns of a specific/given territory, in the North of France. The aim is to offer economic tools that will encourage people to adopt more sustainable travel behaviors. This paper investigates the direct and induced effects of a new public transport (PT) infrastructure on the transport demand as well as on the economic growth. In order to carry out the review, this thesis has been divided into four essays. The first one presents the characteristics of the territory. It consists of a quantitative analysis of current mobility behaviors based on the two existing Household Travel Surveys for this territory. We note a kind of inertia in the mobility behaviors of the population. The second article deals with the determinants of this inertia, using a quantitative analysis based on nine focus groups, and more specifically on people who have limited transport solutions. In the third essay, the qualitative analysis is completed with an econometric study. Thus, we choose to highlight the main determinants of individuals’ modal choices in this territory to determine which PT policies will impact the most mobility behaviors. The fourth essay comprises an assessment of the socio-economic impacts generated by the new transport infrastructure. Such an infrastructure is expected to generate low agglomeration gains. We found that those become almost negligible when local pollution, induced by this infrastructure, is accounted for. This infrastructure is put into question. Indeed, while it does not affect mobility behaviors, it does not generate significant wealth creation either. Other mobility solutions are thus needed
Tellez, Sanchez Oscar Augusto. "Optimizing the daily transport for people with disabilities". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI059.
Texto completoIn most of the developed countries, transport for people with disabilities (PWD) is subsidized with public funds. In France, the number of transported people increased by 18% from 2006 to 2008. In 2017, the cost of this transport was around 500 M€ representing 10% of the total medical transportation cost. Between 2006 and 2014, this cost has increased by 40%. For Medico-Social Institutions (MSI), transport costs often represent the second-largest expense after that of the staff. This thesis is part of the project "Numérique et Optimisation pour une Mobilité Adaptée" (NOMAd). This project aims to improve the daily transport service for people with disabilities between their homes and MSIs. To this end, we suggest the transport pooling between several MSIs on one side and a global optimization strategy for building the annual transport planning on the other side. Following the current practice, we can assume that the annual transport plan is composed of a pattern of identical weekly schedules. To solve the weekly problem, we first work on the planning of the half-day transport problem. This problem is called the fleet size and mix dial-a-ride problem. In this new variant of the dial-a-ride problem, en-route modifications of the vehicle's inner configuration are allowed. Vehicle reconfiguration is a lever to efficiently reduce transport costs, but the number of passengers and vehicle fleet setting make this problem intractable for exact solution methods. A large neighborhood search matheuristic combined with a set covering component and a reactive mechanism to automatically adjust its parameters is proposed. The simple juxtaposition of half-day transport schedules give cost-efficient transport planning but a very inconsistent service time for passengers. This situation is uncomfortable for PWD and even unacceptable for some people with mental disabilities. Time consistency together with traditional route planning defines a new variant of the multi-period dial-a-ride problem that we denote the time-consistent DARP. This problem is modeled as a route based mathematical program with two objectives: the transport cost and the service time consistency. The problem is solved with a matheuristic framework based on a master set partitioning problem and routes generated from a large neighborhood search procedure. The transport pooling between MSIs is both a research challenge and a managerial challenge. Currently, transport management is mainly carried out independently in each MSI. The pooling of transport increases the size of the problem and therefore its complexity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of transport pooling on the costs and the riding time of the users. The solving approach is clustering first route second. A comparison is made between a scenario without transport pooling and other scenarios allowing transport pooling shows that up to 30% of transport costs can be saved
Corrêa, Nazareth Tayana. "Migrations, travail et famille : réalités et transformations vécues dans la ville de Manaus". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA163.
Texto completoThis thesis sought to verify the interactions between family, professional and migratory life of three generations of Manaus’s urban area residents, born between 1951 and 1983. For so, we used secondary data sources for the general information about the city, also using field research to collect data on people’s family, professional and migratory path. By establishing the relationship between the family, professional and migratory spheres of the interviewee’s life, the study of migrations, under biographical perspective, has shown a new meaning, shedding light on questions usually unanswered by traditional databases
Saumtally, Tibye. "Modèles bidimensionnels de trafic". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839526.
Texto completoPham, Ngoc Thanh Tam. "L'offre des soins médicaux dans l'Union Européenne". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G019.
Texto completoEuropean Union member states have faced growing challenges in health care provision, such as: an aging population, an imbalance between supply and demand for care, and the rising cost of new medical technologies. Physician mobility could be a response to these challenges in the context of the right of free movement of workers within the European Union (EU). This thesis examines the validity of these responses from a typology of countries representing ideal-type health systems in the EU (France, UK, Italy and Romania). If economic variable (amount of compensation) plays a key role in the migration, it is adjusted according to the characteristics of the delivery of health care organizational models of health systems. Noting the diverse response of EU member states to these challenges, the study offers some thoughts on improving the medical migration flows based on the following key elements of European health law: right to freedom of movement of salaried physicians, freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services for physicians in private practice, equivalence of diplomas and coordination of various social security systems