Tesis sobre el tema "Mixité sociale à l'école – France"
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Monso, Olivier. "La ségrégation sociale entre les collèges dans le système éducatif français : mesure, disparités géographiques, évolution temporelle et conséquences". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IEPP0012.
Texto completoIn the context of the French educational system, social segregation between middle schools is defined by the disparities between these schools based on the social backgrounds of their students. This thesis extends the statistical social morphology research I conducted as an expert at the DEPP, the statistical office of the Ministry of National Education. The data comes from the individual national databases of secondary school students and from the DEPP longitudinal databases on samples of middle school pupils (“panels”). Recent research conducted on a local scale shows that a strong segregation between middle schools negatively affects the school climate and the pursuit of studies in the most disadvantaged schools. However, these effects are more moderate when it comes to skill acquisition, a finding supported by my own investigations. The thesis provides an overview of social segregation between middle schools in the early 2020s. It is based on a detailed study of the main measures of segregation which are used in the scientific literature, which leads me to choose the entropy index. The stability of segregation on a national level over the past twenty years results from a decrease in segregation between public schools and an increase in disparities between public and private schools. My analysis conducted in the major French cities confirms the significant role of the private sector in segregation,even though residential segregation remains the dominant factor. The thesis concludes with an overview of future research needed to deepen the understanding of social segregation and its effects on students' educational trajectories and outcomes
Picart, Anne-Gaëlle. "La parentalité pendant les années d’école maternelle (éducation des enfants, fonctionnement familial et vécu subjectif des parents) : le point de vue de mères et de pères de CSP+ dans un quartier parisien à forte mixité sociale". Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100088.
Texto completoThis research explores parenting, during the very first school years, in terms of child education, family functioning, and parents’ subjective experience.Data was collected on parents who mostly belonged to higher socio-professional categories, and whose children, aged 3 to 6, attended a state-run school in a Paris neighborhood that is part of the national high-priority educational network. Both quantitative and qualitative methodological tools have been used: a survey by questionnaire (n=173) and 34 interviews (24 mothers and 10 fathers), with a twofold analysis, one thematic and one relying on a discourse analysis software. It captured ways this population, which is relatively unstudied, responds to new educational standards and diverse influences, at the very beginning of the children’s school career. Results reveal that most mothers and fathers aspire to be “super-parents” and show a style of parenting based on control, aiming at optimizing child development. It includes control over the child - with positive parenting methods and stimulation practices typical of a “concerted education” (Lareau, 2003) -, self-management - to become a “better” parent -, environmental monitoring - through actors including the co-parent, at home, and the professionals and the child’s peers, at school -, organizing family life’s tight schedule... Yet, differences occur according to the sex of the parent, the sex of the child, his/her age and school level
Missaoui, Hasnia-Sonia. "De l'étranger au citoyen : l'école déstabilisée : mixité scolaire, mixité familiale et attitude face à la déscolarisation d'enfants gitans et maghrébins". Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20038.
Texto completoSome characteristics of new migrants issued from Moroccan and settled gipsy communities are studied. It is demonstrated how they develop skills to be "here and there" based on a know-how for international travel, hence creating new models of identification relying on experiences of multiple interaction. These new types of migrants are highly mobile and produce micro-societies with singular norms with new adapted social interactions that transform the concerned institutions: school, family and economic processes. The children accompanying the migrants demonstrate a capability to enter and exit normative universes with different or even antagonistic norms without necessarily leaving out their respective attributes. We address the self-education of these children, we question the adaptation of scholar institution facing these social behaviours and we conclude on the social autonomy empowerment of populations ethnically designated as "Others"
Fontaine, Samuel. "Représentation sociale de l'école : parents et enseignants à La Réunion". La Réunion, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462280/fr/.
Texto completoThis research is a psychosocial approach of the relation between school and family in Reunion Island. It concerned in parents' and teachers' social representation of the school in a multi cultural context. It fits in the theory of the central nucleus. The objective is to identify the contents and the internal structure of representation. The results show that social representation of school of all the respondees who are parents, whatever their origin and their statute, would be organized around two common elements: training and education. In addition, there is a convergence of opinions of the parents and the teacher-parents originating from Reunion Island, relating to significant questions in particular about discrimination at school, and inequality of opportunities regarding school. Values and common beliefs attached to education and instruction would be thus shared by parents and teachers, but perception that some have of the others is based on preconcieved ideas. This shift would be one of the explanatory factors of the dialogue difficulties between families and school
Wojcik, Marie-Hélène. "Rester à l'école "pour s'en sortir" : offre et demande sociale d'éducation dans le second cycle de l'enseignement professionnel". Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN21036.
Texto completoMole, Frédéric. "L'école laïque pour une République sociale ? : crises et controverses dans la politique scolaire française, 1900-1914". Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/mole_f.
Texto completoThe school reforms of the Third Republic in France, in particular the secularisation of schools, initially rested on a relative consensus among the Republicans. But at the beginning of the 20th century, although this unity and strength was at their height, the deep internal dissensions within the republican camp could not be masked. Opposing the Conservatives, the Socialists, the Radical socialists and the primary school teacher trade unionists developed, in different ways, the idea that secular schooling from then on should convey new forms of social emancipation. In what ways did left-wing republican criticisms of the secular ideal contribute to this crisis ? How did the aim of a social Republic give rise to new conceptions of schooling ? How were hopes raised to believe that this institution could help overcome social conservatism and contribute to social justice ? The thesis, based mainly on a corpus of educational, unionist, and political periodicals as well as congress reports, explores the tensions and controversies within various networks. It examines the various conceptions of a democratic primary school: 1. An "école de la critique" – or a school of criticism – which would prepare pupils to be able to conceive and build a new social order ; 2. An "école des producteurs"– or a school for future production – which would adapt the school curriculum to the world of work and local realities; 3. An "école unique" or a unified school, which breaking away from the traditional divisions of primary and secondary schools, with would release the individual from his or her social origins. Finally, the thesis seeks to understand the political bases and the social aims of these conceptions, as well the inherent tensions
Rios, Pozzi Diego. "L'École, le marché et la justice sociale : une étude sur les attitudes anticapitalistes des intellectuels". Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040191.
Texto completoPeiro, Catherine. "Mixité à l'école et inégalités de traitement entre filles et garçons : l’exemple de l’éducation physique et sportive dans le second degré". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20112.
Texto completoCoeducation is often considered an ideal way to foster equality between girls and boys. Although, in theory, various institutional initiatives encouraging coeducation have contributed to fostering equal rights, they do not always lead to equal opportunities in practice. This study focuses on the tangible aspects of coeducation at secondary school level in the specific fields of physical education (PE) and sport, where some inequality between girls and boys is still often considered ―normal‖. Countering this preconceived notion, the thesis demonstrates that whilst coeducation does not initially stand in the way of greater gender equality, the educational strategies that may be associated with it are likely to put some girls at a disadvantage. In terms of methodology, the research is based on a combination of several studies, including ethnographic observation of 200 teaching hours; some twenty interviews with PE and sports teachers; and secondary analysis of two national surveys based on questionnaires completed by 1,954 secondary school pupils and 1,317 secondary school teachers. The study shows, among other things, that the type of group activity and educational content chosen (which is often male-oriented), as well as the way teachers and pupils interact, are all factors that are likely to promote disparities in the way girls and boys are treated. Finally, the work underlines that teaching PE and sport in a coeducational environment cannot be done without careful consideration of the differences between girls and boys, and the development of educational strategies that take these differences into account (be they biological or cultural)
Riviere, Clément. "Ce que tous les parents disent ? : approche compréhensive de l’encadrement parental des pratiques urbaines des enfants en contexte de mixité sociale (Paris-Milan)". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0001/document.
Texto completoThis work considers the parental supervision of children’s daily urban practices as an original research object for the study of socialization processes in contemporary metropolises. The study of the regulatory role of parents aims to understand how interactional and mobility skills are transmitted, and how social and gendered inequalities arise through this process in urban childhoods. Complementing previous works on urban segregation and school choice, this research compares two socially mixed areas located in Milan (Italy) and Paris (France). The data includes 78 interviews carried out with 88 parents of children aged from 8 to 14 and ethnographic fieldwork. Theoretical and methodological issues are tackled in the first part of the work. The second part focuses on the different mechanisms and stages of the urban socialization process, in both a synchronic and diachronic perspective. The third part highlights the social, sexual and local differentiation of the way children’s urban practices are supervised and suggests the effects on children of these contrasts
Adler, Yoann. "Les familles face au choix du collège : logiques d’action, régulation administrative et critique sociale". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20079.
Texto completoThe present thesis, relevant of a broader concern about families' choice of school, more specifically tackles issues raisedby recent approaches on the sectorisation policies implemented in France: the 2007 relaxation of the school map and, mostly since 2012, the efforts to shape a new sectorisation model on a strict compliance basis. As the latest update of two decades of experiments with the relaxation of the school map carried out by both right-wing and left-wing governments, the Education Act of June, 4th 2007, though not venturing beyond the relaxation stage, has deeply impacted families' ways of thinking and availed them with a new sense of liberty which cannot be ignored nor brushed aside effortlessly. Consequently, the purpose of this study is twofold.First and foremost, we will consider how the relation between users – pupils and their parents – and public service education has been affected by the families' choice of secondary school – which all too often amounts to a trying experience. Demands for choice of school originated in the early 80's with a growing awareness on the parents' side that ed cational facilities were not on par, yet the logical determinants behind these demands have significantly shifted in focus. While a market-based logic remains a key factor, new forms of civic logic have surfaced which are mostly concerned with the rights of users, laying a strong emphasis on the right to information, the access to an efficient school, the well-being and safety of one's child, etc. On every level of administrative regulation, whether central, intermediate or local, the educational community as well as the local authorities have been trying to meet the families' new expectations, sometimes if only to serve special interests : garner electoral votes, contain defections from school institutions plagued by a lack of attractivity, etc. This is properly the core of our demonstration. The second – and far from secondary – purpose of our study is to delineate the evolution of the relations of competition and cooperation between secondary schools located in a same area, highlighting in the process the various actors' logics at work within this broader – and unprecedented – relaxed framework. In the course of this study, we have been able to assess, among various factors, how social and ethnic mixity, along with effective regulation of training provision on local and intermediate levels, play a preponderant and substantial part in the relations of competition and cooperation between school institutions
Piquée, Céline. "Gérer les inégalités de réussite à l'école primaire : public, modes de fonctionnement et efficacité pédagogique des dispositifs d'accompagnement scolaire". Dijon, 2001. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1f9550ee-ce7e-453d-b888-2e8446849604.
Texto completoBicini, Vincent. "Le droit de l'urbanisme et la ségrégation urbaine". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0026/document.
Texto completoThe order and disorder. This simple phrase sums up the evolution of the Urban Planning Law. Once ambitious, sometimes abstruse but still clear on its objectives, effective, this right has become talkative, messy, and incoherent. The purpose of our research was to understand this relaxation which does not seem to end. To do that, we had to identify the main theme of the discipline : the fight against urban segregation. The L.O.V., as well as the S.R.U. and A.L.U.R. laws confirmed it. The study to fight urban segregation with the urban planning law requires to be addressed under different approaches. The first is very chronological, and refers us to the legal beginning of the material, at the time of the creation of the urban order, which never ceased to grow and develop. It later took us to the criticism of this order, then to its slow dismantling, destruction, and its replacement. It led us finally to the point where masks fell, illusions were dispelled and urban distress appeared ; the moment where public authorities seemed to give credit to what Henri Bergson once said : “Mess is simply the order we do not search for”. This admission of failure was the starting point of our second approach. This obscure right continues to live against winds and waves. The study of treatments of urban segregation illuminates a reality, Governments have focused their attention on cities, and have left out the “peripheral France”. This explains both why this right has maintained so far and is condemned at the same time
Suchaut, Bruno. "Regards croisés sur l'école primaire française : éléments d'évaluation macro et micro". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199857.
Texto completoTruong, Fabien. "À l'école de la banlieue : la démocratisation des études supérieures et la marginalisation urbaine à l'épreuve des trajectoires individuelles". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0145.
Texto completoThis fieldwork is a extensive ethnographical survey ranging between 5 and 7 years, of 20 students from working class and immigrant backgrounds living in the northern suburbs of Paris. Set in a 3 act scenario, the Is' episode takes place in highschool during a 6 year period where I employ participant observation methods whilst teaching. The 2"d episode analyses the undergraduate years and the dispersion of 'my' former pupils within the Higher Education system, from local suburban universities to elite Parisian schools. The 3rd episode depicts the postgraduate years and the final entrance into the job market. The study as a whole analyses social structural constraints as well as oppositional relationships and processes through the lenses of individual cases, plurality of social scenes and temporality. Biographic trajectories and school careers enlighten the conditions under which social mobility is possible as well as the dispositional adjustments it requires. The new contradictions of 'school massification' appear. The Key to success lies in the ability to face territorial stigma, class ostracism, cultural illegitimacy, racism and islamophobia more than 'pure' academic skills. These social ordeals reinforce the fragmentation of an unequal system. The desire for outcast students to find an 'appropriate' curriculum participates in remapping the inner frontiers of legitimacy and commodification of the cultural capital. This shift goes against the sense of dignity and singularity that is acquired through school acculturation, displaying a tension inbetween reproduction and emancipation. This urges reconsideration of pedagogy as a rapport and of the performativity of knowledge
Bijou, Mohammed. "Qualité de l'éducation, taille des classes et mixité sociale : Un réexamen à partir des méthodes à variables instrumentales et semi-paramétriques sur données multiniveaux - Cas du Maroc -". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL2004.
Texto completoThis thesis objective is to examine the quality of the Moroccan education system exploiting the data of the programs TIMSS and PIRLS 2011.The thesis is structured around three chapters. The first chapter examines the influence of individual student and school characteristics on school performance, as well as the important role of the school environment (effect of size and social composition). In the second chapter, we seek to estimate the optimal class size that ensures widespread success for all students at both levels, namely, the fourth year of primary school and the second year of college. The third chapter proposes to study the relationship between the social and economic composition of the school and academic performance, while demonstrating the role of social mix in student success. In order to study this relationship, we mobilize different econometric approaches, by applying a multilevel model with correction for the problem of endogeneity (chapter 1), a hierarchical semi-parametric model (chapter 2) and a contextual hierarchical semi-parametric model (chapter 3). The results show that academic performance is determined by several factors that are intrinsic to the student and also contextual. Indeed, a smaller class size and a school with a mixed social composition are the two essential elements for a favourable environment and assured learning for all students. According to our results, governments should give priority to reducing class size by limiting it to a maximum of 27 students. In addition, it is necessary to consider making the school map more flexible in order to promote social mixing at school. The results obtained allow a better understanding of the Moroccan school system, in its qualitative aspect and the justification of relevant educational policies to improve the quality of the Moroccan education system
Fitoussi, Raymond. "La pensée du retour dans l'école de Paris de pensée juive, de la libération jusqu'à nos jours". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070080.
Texto completoAfter liberation from the Nazi occupation, the French Jewish thinkers attempted to deal'with the perplexity pertaining to the overwhelming dimensions of the Shoah - while basing themselves on the two sources which had inspired their intellectual horizon, Western thought and Hebraic wisdom. As opposed to the "Science of Judaism" on one side and to an obscurantist approach on the other side, this school of thought was characterized at the same time by authenticity and openness and was based on the primacy of the ethic and of the relation to others. The "thought of return", product of this school, had repercussions both in Jewish as well as European thought. In contemporary Jewish French thinking, this concept still maintains its centrality from the epistemological perspective. Firstly this research will examine wether indeed this represents a legitimate "school of thought" despite the different approaches to the thought of return. The focus will be on the first generation, the second generation and both generations combined. My goal is to focus on the ethical, philosophical and intellectual dimensions of this question which represents the very basis of the universal dimension of Judaism - namely the liberty and dignity of the individual human being. From the school of Paris of Jewish thought's point of view, this research must lead to a true civilizational ethic within a qualitative participation in the French and in European intellectual, cultural and spiritual debates of our time
Jacquemart, Alban. "Les hommes dans les mouvements féministes français (1870-2010) : sociologie d'un engagement improbable". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0020.
Texto completoThis dissertation examines an uncommon, socially unlikely form of activism: the involvement of men in French feminist movements, from their political emergence in the early times of the Third Republic to the present day (1870-2010). The research draws on a set of biographical interviews with male feminist activists as weIl as on a wide array of archives, and mobilizes both gender and social movements theories. Using the concept of « activist career », I argue that men's feminist activism should be understood by paying close attention to their individual dispositions, their socialization experiences, their integration in political networks and the organizational context they are confronted with. I then distinguish between two main forms of men's activism in feminist groups: the humanist model, which is based on the idea of a universalistic political subject, and the identity mode l, which rests on the refusaI of gender assignations. In both models, men's participation rests on the vision that feminism can be detached from women’s specific experiences. This study therefore contributes to a better understanding of the political subject of feminism as weIl as, more broadly, of the political subject of identity-based movements
Fauconnier, Grégoire. "La mise en oeuvre de l'article 55 de la loi "Solidarité et renouvellement urbains" (SRU) dans les Yvelines, entre application formelle et adaptation stratégique". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. https://bdr-parisnanterre-fr.faraway.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100040/2019PA100040.pdf.
Texto completoPromulgated on December 13th 2000, the SRU law decreesed with its article 55 that there should be a 20% minimum limit of social housing in most of the communes located in big urban areas. Therein, it was designed to contribute to the right to housing and above all to promote « social mix ». Although strongly criticized, many times jeopardized, the SRU law was eventually reinforced in 2013 through the rise of the minimum limit up to 25% of social housing. More than 15 years after coming into force, the law entered a phase of development that allows a detailed and objective assessment of this thesis. This study focuses on the analysis of quantitative and qualitative datas on the construction of social housing in the non-law abiding communes of the Yvelines, the department with the highest number of non-law abiding communes on a national level. By doing so, it appears that overall, the non-law abiding communes respect the letter of the law- by building the required social housing - while getting round its spirit - by limiting social mix. Indeed, the social housing that they build have several specific features and at the same time, numerous private housing continue to be set up, making it impossible to reach the demanded percentage. So as to understand the reasons for this partial and biased implementation, it was necessary to study the interplay of stakeholders that the SRU law results in. This survey thus puts forward the fact that it is the everlasting rejection of social housing in the field that hinders the mechanism introduced by the legislator and prevents the SRU law from achieving its intended effect
Jacquemart, Alban. "Les hommes dans les mouvements féministes français (1870-2010) : sociologie d'un engagement improbable". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608896.
Texto completoWang, Lijuan. "La politique chinoise des minzu (minorités) en question : intégration et cohésion sociales par l'école entre prescriptions institutionnelles et expérience des acteurs dans la préfecture des Yi de Liangshan au Sichuan (Chine)". Paris 7, 2014. https://eu02.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/uresolver/33PUDB_IEP/openurl?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&portfolio_pid=5364117200004675&Force_direct=true.
Texto completoThe rapid development of the Chinese economy had real shocks in all the domains of the Chinese society. With this change of national context, the Chinese sociologists specialized in the field of the ethnicity, from last decade, began to consider the aptness of the minzu (group ethnic) policy. Attention was put notably in the recovery of the social inequality by measures of affirmative action based on ethnic criterion, which consists in the essentialisation of the ethnic groups (minzu), historically built by the policy impulsed by Mao. At the same time, the question of the social cohesion also becomes a concern, for the reason that this policy of essentialist nature could have an impact on the identical consciousness of individuals. How to reassemble the Chinese citizens "accommodated" in 56 groups minzu to reach a better social cohesion after having them differentiated? By enrolling in this issue, we focus on the Yi minzu of Liangshan Prefecture in order to bring some lights on this important subject. In doing this, we led investigations in the form of questionnaire and of interview with Han and Yi (pupils, teachers, parents), which are completed by numerous statistical data. These data allow us to estimate the degree of inequality existing in social economy and in school education between the minority Yi and the majority Han, as well as inside one minzu, whether it is Han or Yi, in this Prefecture. These data also allow us to include the causes of this inequality, and to evaluate measures put in place to tackle it. Besides, we studied the social cohesion between minzu through the exam of the «formal curriculum " (textbook of history) and of the understanding about this assignment of identity by Han / Yi pupils. Then, through the analysis of the perception of more intimate identical markers such as the torch festival (symbol of the identity Yi), the friendship and the interethnic marfiage, we dread, even very partially, the intensity of the interethnic relations between Han and Yi in the Liangshan Prefecture. Throughout this thesis, we attempted to estimate the effect of context by referring to the social and ethnie coeducation, which allowed us to distance ourselves from the essentialist approach of the CCP on the homogenization of minzu groups
Coutant, Paulette. "Les Arméniennes de l'Empire ottoman à l'école de la France (1840-1914) : stratégies missionnaires et mutations d'une société traditionnelle". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0129.
Texto completoThroughout the study of the education of young Armenian girls, this piece of work allows light to be thrown on the cultural and social evolution of one of the minorities of the ottoman Empire, before its disappearance after the genocide of 1915. At the beginning of the 19th century, the American Protestant missionaries were pioneers in guidance of young women at the moment when the Armenian elite showed itself equally concerned about the nation's progress through education. The French Catholic Congregationallsts, present for centuries with the Eastern Christians, are trying to react to this vigorous competition. They made an appeal to nuns from the provinces of France who were capable of adapting themselves to precarious situations. To engage with the families, shape the young girl, a future mother, is to allow the implanting of catholic culture with the French tradition. The chronological framework, from 1840 to 1915, covers the whole period of presence of female missions whose actions were less studied than those of male orders. The research relies on the public archives (diplomatic and national) and above all religious from the relative orders (Ladies of Sion, Franciscaines of Lons-le-Saunier, Oblates of the Assumption, Sisters of St Joseph of the Apparition, Sisters of St Joseph of Lyon, Capucines, Brothers of Christian schools, Jesuits at Vanves and in Rome, missionary Pontifical works at Lyon), the most frequently unexploited along with the press and witnesses of the time. Pillars of the French Catholic establishments in rural areas in western Anatolia but also those of large metropolitan areas, very many Armenian women acquired a dual Franco-Armenian culture, becoming in this way the vehicles for the absorption of French knowledge and culture in the establishment, and further into the society of the Ottoman Empire which was coming to the end. Some themes of a more general view are tackled : the strategies of monks and nuns to implant themselves and last in Muslin territory faced with the restrictions of Ottoman power, the blossoming of elite young girls open to modernity. In 1920, a page was turned with the disappearance of missionary schools in Anatolia at the same time as the disappearance of Christians in this place
Schultz, Véronique. "Population et niveaux de vie à Strasbourg de la Révolution à l'annexion : le niveau de vie des milieux modestes et défavorisés : approche par les registres de conscription et présentation de l'école de travail". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/SCHULTZ_Veronique_2006.pdf.
Texto completoThe exploitation of the military files makes it possible to evaluate the medical standing of the conscripts and, through this evaluation, to detect a possible malnutrition during childhood or adolescence. The result of these investigation methods is the socio-professional classification of Strasbourg’s population from the end of the Ancien Régime down to the Second Empire, based on the "malnutrition variable" composed by the sum of various pathologies which is synonym of underalimentation syndromes. Up to the 19th century, when a reliable census appeared, these sources also give us information on people’s birthplaces, activities and even illiteracy. The last part of this work is about the fate of the poor in Strasbourg: the "Ecole de travail" is an original example of assistance
Clerval, Anne. "La gentrification à Paris intra-muros : dynamiques spatiales, rapports sociaux et politiques publiques". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347824.
Texto completoMachline, Elise. "Les conséquences socio-économiques de l'Eco-construction : une analyse comparative entre la France et Israël". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H026.
Texto completoThis thesis considers the socioeconomic impact of 'green' building in Israel and France and, examines whether socil aspect are integrated in approaches to sustainable urbanism in the two countries. We compare policy contexts and 'green' building instruments in France and Israel and, considered whether affordable housing and social diversity are part of green building policy and green building implementation. We also inquire whether green buildings foster gentrification–inadvertently or intentionally. As observed in other countries, we found that there is a 'green premium' in Israel, whereby certified apartments tend to be systematically more expensive for homebuyers than similar noncertified apartments. Green building certification was found to raise apartment sale prices by between 3% and 14%. Moreover, the typical 'green premium' – in terms of the sale price of an apartment in a certified building – is significantly higher than the additional construction costs required to build it. We show in three case studies (in Tel Aviv, Yavneh and Dimona), that 'green' building is being used as a gentrification tool, to attract middle class households to previously poor neighborhoods. In France, as in Israel, 'green' building is mainly practiced in middleclass urban areas – and in lowincome areas of wealthy cities like Paris, to attract middle class residents. Like in Israel, we do not find 'green' neighborhoods in rich areas of wealthy cities. However, in contrast to Israel, we find 'green' housing in poor French localities (like Reims). The French policy promotes social diversity and the construction of 'green' public social housing in the ecodistricts. Thus, there is an ostensibl effort to build housing that is both "green" and affordable. However, in affluent and average municipalities, the share of 'green' social public housing actually available to lowincome groups is minimal – since most public social housing is ultimately allocated to higherincome groups
Pasquier, Gaël. "Les pratiques enseignantes en faveur de l'égalité des sexes et des sexualités à l'école primaire : vers un nouvel élément du curriculum". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100142/document.
Texto completoAlthough in France school can be seen as an important factor in women emancipation many studies have pointed out that it also remains an instrument enabling the social reproduction of traditional gender relations. Since the 80s the National Education official texts have encouraged teachers to work for the promotion of gender equality and to question the sex stereotypes. Since the 2000s they have also asked them to fight against homophobia. These texts define the term as the discrimination or the verbal and the physical violence against the homosexuals but also, through the questioning of sex stereotypes, against those who are suspected of being homosexuals. However these formal requirements seem not well known by teachers and remain therefore unapplied. They nevertheless offer a formal framework and clearly-defined regulatory environment for people wishing to put into practice a non-sexist and/or a non-heterosexist pedagogy based on equal treatment of children regardless of their gender and on the refusal to link gender with predetermined social roles. This work focuses on these innovative practices and aims to strengthen the understanding of the specific work of these teachers and the new issues it raises. This research focuses precisely on the teachers who are intending to take up these issues and these practices in the context of primary school which includes in France the nursery school and the elementary school. On the basis of twenty non-directive interviews we try to better understand the specificity of these teachers's work and the representation they have of it. We also analyze the possibility and the characteristics of an education for gender and sexualities equality at the first education levels and the tensions that it can generate in the exercise of the teaching profession
Lancien, Alice. "Habiter l'instabilité : la gentrification des quartiers de centre ancien au prisme des jeunesses populaires (Paris-Barcelone)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PA100021.
Texto completoThis dissertation in Urban Studies is concerned with working-class young people living in two central neighborhoods of Paris (France) and Barcelona (Spain), focusing on the way they socialize. Relying on ethnographic fieldwork undertaken between 2018 and 2020, this study gathers a large range of tools and data. Interrogating prejudices on youth socialization, usually understood as peer-(group) sociability embedded in the neighborhood, this study sheds light on the way in which Inner Cities working-class respond to gentrification and social mix. Focusing on young people’s strategies developed to answer gentrification, this research is in line with existing literature defining gentrification as a complex dynamic, rather than linear, one-way processes of displacement and substitution. The analysis of individual urban trajectories, and residential trajectories within the workingclass youth population, reveals a multi-sited urban belongings, that rely on local relationships and take root in the neighborhoods. While they may be imposed, these relations also arise from individual and family strategies to ensure a continuing presence in the city, influenced by local urban policies. This analysis of relationships to the neighborhood, based on four typical patterns, allows to understand how urban centrality plays a differentiated role for those who are "settled in", "arriving", "passing through" and "returning". Finally, situations of cohabitation in old city centers involve negotiations between different social groups. Examining these negotiations in Parisian urban public space allows us to question ways of managing cohabitation by articulating institutional policies and the infrapolitical practices developed by working-class youth. In sum, this study highlights how young working-classcity-dwellers are constantly negotiating and transforming the city, while at the same time the city itself is being transformed
Raibaud, Yves. "Une Géographie Socioculturelle". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526660.
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