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Perez-Lancellotti, Gino y Marcela Ziede. "Sustainable Transitions of Urban Projects towards Mitigation and Adaptation Projects for Climate Change: The case of Medellin". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, n.º 3 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 032011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032011.
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Abstract The research investigates the relationship between cities and climate change by examining how urban projects shifted to mitigation and adaptation for climate change at an urban scale. The article is based upon two complementary approaches, a multilevel analysis from sustainable transitions theory and a framework of interrelations of urban mitigation and adaptation projects. The methodological design is a case study; we analyzed the case of Medellin that, at the beginning of the 2000's, implemented public transport projects, urban parks, educational and cultural facilities, and risk mitigation projects in the surrounding hills. The main findings are that specific projects at an urban scale are operating as niches or experiments, taking advantage of windows of opportunities, and triggering changes in the urban design routines, framing a new sociotechnical system. It is found that governance, leadership, teams of experts and urban planners are drivers for the transition of urban projects, which were initially designed for social and transport needs, to urban mitigation projects for climate change. At the same time, urban mitigation projects such as the Metropolitan Green Belt are transiting to adaptation projects for climate change. The conclusion for this case study is that while most urban projects retain their traditional role, a new generation of projects with mitigation and adaptation features is emerging in the context of climate change. This article contributes to expanding the empirical analysis of the literature on the theory of sustainable transitions specifically related to cities and urban projects. The theoretical framework of urban projects and their linkages with climate change are enriched. The conceptual framework of the analysis is replicable and useful for practitioners in the field of urban design and researchers interested in comparisons to identify patterns or typologies. In addition, the article contributes to sensitize actors involved in public urban design policies in their roles as managers of transitions.
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Perez-Lancellotti, Gino y Marcela Ziede. "The fourth generation of urban projects to tackle climate change: a typological proposal". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, n.º 3 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 032012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032012.
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Abstract Climate change is the major challenge of our humanity and the relationship between climate change and cities has received increasing scholarly attention from governance, urban planning and infrastructure perspectives. However, the scale of the urban project, understood as the operationalization of climate change actions, has been neglected. The current three generations of urban projects are revisited (modern city, morphologic articulation, large urban projects) and a fourth-generation within the context of climate change is identified as missing; it combines adaptation and mitigation strategies for urban projects. While adaptation strategies are oriented to minimizing the negative impact of climate change on rising sea-levels, floods and rivers’ changes through green and blue infrastructures, mitigation strategies are twofold: one oriented to minimizing CO2 gas emissions and the other to reducing the risks of deterioration of natural systems due to human intervention or natural causes. Integrating the four generations, a typology of a 2x2 matrix of urban projects is drawn up. The four quadrants of types of urban projects are explained and accompanied by examples. Potential and desirable shifts between the quadrants are discussed to understand how changes are needed to advance to develop this new generation of urban projects. The paper contributes to expanding our understanding of urban projects in the context of climate change with heuristics purposes for researchers, practitioners and academia, and to prepare public policy makers to encourage the debate of climate change actions of adaptation and mitigation that should be materialized on an urban project scale. Future research may empirically test the typology in different contexts of development.
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Gilchrist, A., E. N. Allouche y D. Cowan. "Prediction and mitigation of construction noise in an urban environment". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2003): 659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-019.
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A growing number of construction projects are performed in congested urban areas. Often, the surrounding community finds these projects annoying because of noise, vibration, dust, light, and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper focuses on one type of irritant, noise. Common noise generators on construction sites are identified, and the elements of a generic program for mitigating construction-related noise are outlined. Mitigation strategies including source control, path control, and receiver control are discussed. A deterministic model based on the Monte Carlo simulation technique is used. It is capable of predicting the magnitude and frequency of noise levels generated by construction equipment at receptor locations around a construction site during each construction stage. The utilization of the model as a planning tool for optimizing the composition, geometry, and location of noise barriers around a construction site is demonstrated via a case history, namely the construction of an eight-storey parking garage in London, Ont. The model is validated by comparing its predictions to field measurements undertaken during various construction stages. Predictions agree favourably with field measurements.Key words: construction, noise, mitigation, barriers, modeling, Monte Carlo simulation.
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Donner, Julie, Juliana Mercedes Müller y Johann Köppel. "Urban Heat: Towards Adapted German Cities?" Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 17, n.º 02 (junio de 2015): 1550020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333215500209.
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Is heat becoming a major threat to cities? Following the heat wave in Europe in 2003, which is estimated to have caused the deaths of 70,000 people, municipal authorities began to develop adaptation and mitigation plans and programs. Legal obligations to consider climate change within various development projects have been defined, e.g. by the latest amendment of the EU EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) Directive (2014/52/EU) and the Federal Building Code (BauGB §1a (5)). However, urban heat hazards have not yet received as much attention as, for example, carbon dioxide emissions as drivers of global warming. Dense urban structures, high buildings, dark surfaces, and high population densities trigger urban heat effects. With about 3/4 of Europeans living in cities, measures to reduce heat-related impacts are needed. This paper evaluates how German cities have implemented measures towards climate change adaptation. The results show that 24 out of 30 cities have developed mitigation and/or adaptation plans, with a majority focusing on mitigating CO 2, indicating less awareness of urban heat hazards. Moreover, we found elaborate and comprehensive examples which might serve as blue-prints for adaptation strategies. Based on the inhomogeneous scope of the different plans and programs, there remains a need for guidance and more knowledge exchange among the cities on mitigation/adaptation options and preferably information on their effectiveness, to further assist cities in tackling heat stress.
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Akbari, Hashem, Constantinos Cartalis, Denia Kolokotsa, Alberto Muscio, Anna Laura Pisello, Federico Rossi, Matheos Santamouris, Afroditi Synnef, Nyuk Hien WONG y Michele Zinzi. "LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION TECHNIQUES – THE STATE OF THE ART". JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, n.º 1 (18 de diciembre de 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1111934.
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Increase of the ambient air temperature in cities caused by the urban heat island phenomenon has a seri- ous impact on the economic and social system of cities. to counterbalance the consequences of the increased urban temperatures important research has been carried out resulting in the development of efficient mitigation technologies. the present paper aims to present the state of the art in terms of local climate change and urban heat island mitigation techniques. In particular, developments in the field on highly reflective materials, cool and green roofs, cool pavements, urban green and of other mitigation technologies are presented in detail, while examples of implemented projects are given.
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Ayuni, S. I., S. Tsana y N. R. Priyandianto. "Project-induced displacement: Rethinking the impact of spatial planning and disaster mitigation policies in Tambakrejo, Semarang City". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 986, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2022): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012063.
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Abstract Development in accordance with disaster mitigation policies in urban areas sometimes involves relocation and forced eviction of people living in informal settlements. Semarang City has the same experience. In 2019 the normalization project of the Banjir Kanal Timur river as a government effort to control flooding had displaced the local communities in Tambakrejo. This paper aims to criticize the implementation of flood disaster mitigation projects that impact poor households and assess their livelihood assets after displacement. Utilizing spatial data and primary data collection using the purposive sampling method were carried out during the fieldwork. The findings highlight that, irrespective of potential opportunities to avoid local communities from flood risk and safer place to live, on the other hand, local communities experience impacts on their livelihood assets and unclear compensation for their assets. This phenomenon proves that there are still many challenges to creating safe, comfortable, and sustainable urban development mandated in Law No. 26 of 2007. In the name of national projects, this action has taken away the “right to the city”, has increased marginalized urban communities, and the emergence of urban social issues such as the affected communities’ dissatisfaction with local government authorities
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Benson, Charlotte y John Twigg. "Tools for Analysing Disaster Risk in Designing and Evaluating Projects". Open House International 31, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2006): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2006-b0016.
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As the human and financial costs of disasters rise, there are increasing demands for evidence that mitigation “pays”. Until this proof exists, many development organisations remain reluctant to pursue risk reduction as a key objective, or even to protect their own projects against potential hazards. This paper outlines how such evidence could, in fact, be relatively easily obtained by integrating natural hazard related risks concerns into the design and evaluation of potential projects using standard appraisal and evaluation tools. It shows that there is nothing intrinsically difficult about either appraising risks or monitoring and evaluating the impact of related mitigation measures as part of these broader analyses - if this task is approached thoughtfully and knowledgeably, and adequately resourced. Provision of appropriate methodological tools is not sufficient in itself, however, to secure improvements in the management of risk. The paper identifies a series of further critical factors that need to be addressed in order to secure long-term commitment to risk reduction, as reflected in the broad policies, objectives and priorities of both governments and development organisations, and actual practice on the ground. In particular, development organisations and governments need to accept greater accountability for disaster-related losses. The paper is based on the findings of an ongoing ProVention Consortium project, 'Measuring Mitigation': Methodologies for Assessing Natural Hazard Risks and the Net Benefits of Mitigation.
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Jamali, Farimah Sadat, Shahriar Khaledi y Mohammad Taghi Razavian. "Priority Areas for Developing Green Infrastructure in Semi-arid Cities: A Case Study of Tehran". Environment and Urbanization ASIA 12, n.º 1 (marzo de 2021): 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425321990326.
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Urban green infrastructure (GI) approach supports building resilience, mitigating greenhouse gases emissions and adapting to the impacts of climate change. However, the development and maintenance of GI in semi-arid cities can be hindered by limitations such as available water resources. In this article, we study priority areas for GI development schemes at the neighbourhood scale through a seasonal vulnerability framework with the case study of two urban districts in the semi-arid city of Tehran, Iran. Heat mitigation and stormwater runoff control are considered as the main objectives of GI development. The results show that priority areas have high levels of land surface temperature, impervious surfaces and population density, with a low proportion of vegetation land cover. The necessary GI services vary in different local climate zones (LCZ) during the year. Although heat mitigation is required in both compact and open LCZs, the runoff control service of GI is also needed for neighbourhoods with compact midrise settings. To promote sustainability at the neighbourhood scale, the findings of the study can be used for initiating nature-based solutions and GI development projects.
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Martirena, Fernando y Andrés Olivera. "Sustainable Disaster Mitigation: Ecomaterials in Reconstruction Projects in Cuba". Open House International 31, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2006): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2006-b0003.
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Cuba has recently endured the impact of hurricanes Lili (1996), George (1998), Irene (1999), Michelle (2001), Isidore (2002), Lili (2002), Charlie and Ivan (2004). The provinces of Villa Clara, Matanzas and Pinar del Río have suffered the major damage, basically in coastal towns where thousands of houses have been destroyed, and families displaced from their homes. Tackling this problem proves to be complicated. Decision-makers face two choices: (a) to concentrate the scarce resources - including post disaster aid - on emergency actions to reduce only the damages caused by the hurricane, or (b) to improve in a sustainable way existing houses through better and more efficient material supply. In both cases, the possibility of local production of building materials becomes a crucial factor. The Centre for Investigation and Development of Structures and Materials (CIDEM) has been involved in disaster-response projects in the area since 1996. The thrust has been the manufacture of ecomaterials such as micro concrete roofing (MCR) tiles, pozzolanic cement CP-40 and hollow concrete blocks, which provide the means to build affordable and hurricane safe houses. These materials are produced on the basis of local raw materials and labour in small workshops based directly in the communities. The widespread use of ecomaterials on the northern coast of Villa Clara province has been a key aspect in decreasing the vulnerability of the houses against hurricanes. The fact that these materials have withstood the impact of various hurricanes without significant damage has drawn the attention of local governments, communities and donors. The presentation of case studies in this paper will illustrate this experience.
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Jacob, Ana Caroline Pitzer, Osvaldo Moura Rezende, Matheus Martins de Sousa, Luiza Batista de França Ribeiro, Antonio Krishnamurti Beleño de Oliveira, Cícero Matos Arrais y Marcelo Gomes Miguez. "Use of detention basin for flood mitigation and urban requalification in Mesquita, Brazil". Water Science and Technology 79, n.º 11 (1 de junio de 2019): 2135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.212.
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Abstract Unplanned urbanization is one of the main factors responsible for worsening flood-related problems in cities, increasing the frequency of flooding and flooding depths, consequently degrading both the natural and built environment. Considering this, the use of engineering techniques that reduce runoff and promote urban requalification are an efficient option for managing rainwater. This paper presents a case study of a flood control project using a storm water detention pond, designed to allow multiple uses of an urban space. The operation of the system is evaluated by an urban flow-cell model, known as MODCEL. This application seeks the best configuration for the layout of ‘Celso Peçanha’ Detention Basin, considering the local restrictions imposed by the City of Mesquita – Brazil, and optimized to damp storm flows resulting from rainfall events with return periods up to 50 years. The solution proposed considers the possibility of social urban space uses in flood control projects, revitalizing degraded areas and giving them multiple functions.
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Rezende, Osvaldo M., Luciana F. Guimarães, Francis M. Miranda, Assed N. Haddad y Marcelo G. Miguez. "A Time-Integrated Index for Flood Risk to Resistance Capacity". Water 11, n.º 7 (26 de junio de 2019): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071321.
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The lack of open spaces and the intense land use occupation in flood plains makes floods in consolidated urban areas difficult to mitigate. In these areas, setting a standard pre-defined return period for projects can limit and even preclude flood mitigation actions. However, it is possible to propose flood control alternatives that are compatible with available spaces. Thus, determining how much the original risk is reduced and how significant the residual risk can be becomes the main target. In this context, a time-integrated index for risk to resistance capacity is proposed to address these questions. This index correlates the exposure of buildings and urban infrastructure to the hazard of a given flood and is then evaluated over a project horizon through a sequence of events. The proposed index is applied to the Canal do Mangue catchment, a highly urbanized watershed located in Rio de Janeiro. The results demonstrate the difficulty of designing flood mitigation measures in extremely occupied watersheds and the importance of evaluating residual risks associated with proposed projects. As an additional result, a scenario with concentrated measures is compared to another with distributed interventions, evidencing the greater coverage of the latter.
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Ciampa, Francesca, Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Zahra Kalantari y Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira. "Flood Mitigation in Mediterranean Coastal Regions: Problems, Solutions, and Stakeholder Involvement". Sustainability 13, n.º 18 (21 de septiembre de 2021): 10474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810474.
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Flooding affects Mediterranean coastal areas, with negative impacts on regional populations and ecosystems. This paper reviews the causes and consequences of coastal flooding in European Mediterranean countries, common and advanced solutions implemented to mitigate flood risk, and the importance of stakeholder involvement in developing these solutions. Climate change, intensive urbanization, tourism, deforestation, wildfires, and erosion are the main causes of coastal flooding, leading to social and economic losses, degradation of ecosystems, and water and soil contamination due to saltwater intrusion. Various measures for mitigating urban coastal flooding have been implemented, including coastal barriers, infrastructural drainage systems, wetlands, and mobile dams. Development and implementation of such solutions should be performed in close collaboration with stakeholders, but their current engagement at the coordination and/or decision-making level does not allow full integration of local knowledge in flood mitigation projects. Various processes are used to engage stakeholders in coastal flood mitigation, but participatory approaches are required to integrate their perspectives into performance analysis of potential solutions. Such approaches would allow a balance to be reached between nature conservation, market forces, stakeholder needs, and decision-makers’ priorities, resulting in development of innovative and sustainable mitigation solutions to enhance urban resilience to coastal flooding.
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Samsunlu, A. y L. Akça. "Coastal pollution and mitigation measures in Turkey". Water Science and Technology 39, n.º 8 (1 de abril de 1999): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0374.
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Turkey is a developing country where industrial and urban developments mostly occur in coastal areas. Besides the present pollution loads, newly developed tourist areas and industries, through increased input of wastes, further stress the coasts of Turkey. In this study, the state of sewerage systems, treatment plants and sea outfalls in Turkish coasts were investigated. The pollution problems should be considered differently from region to region. Development of coastal areas appeared to be partially tourist and partially industrial in nature. Because of this fact, problems from different coastal areas were discussed in different projects and solutions were recommended.
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Liu, S. C., W. Anderson, C. Astill y L. Weber. "The NSF Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Research Program". Earthquake Spectra 14, n.º 3 (agosto de 1998): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586009.
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This paper presents several major developments and research initiatives of NSF's program in earthquake hazard mitigation. These activities include (1) establishment of three new earthquake engineering research centers in the U.S., (2) initiation of a major five-year cooperative research program on urban earthquake disaster mitigation between the U.S. and Japan, (3) initiation of two joint center-to-center projects between the U.S. and Japan, and (4) planning for a high-performance earthquake simulation facility network in the U.S. These activities highlight the ever-increasing importance of research innovations for earthquake disaster mitigation and the continuing challenges for cooperation between the U.S. and Japan.
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Astuti, Wahyu Kusuma, Nadia Ayu Rahma Lestari y Suryono Herlambang. "Small town urbanization and project experimentation in Pangandaran Region, Indonesia". HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES – JOURNAL OF STUDIES AND RESEARCH IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 15, n.º 2 (30 de noviembre de 2021): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5719/hgeo.2021.152.3.
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This article contributes to the debate of small centre urbanization and positions it amidst three emerging challenges: urban-rural transformation, economic experimentation, and disaster risk mitigation. To examine the entanglement of the three forces, we analysed the expansion of the Pangandaran urban area – a small urbanizing area in West Java. This expansion occurred as part of the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) project, in the form of a regional infrastructure plan including railway, airport, and harbour development to accommodate tourism flux. This study uses discursive and qualitative approaches to rural-urban transformation with data gathered through document analysis, mapping, and FGDs with local stakeholders. The results show that although urbanization was a complex process with promises of extensive infrastructure developments and national projects, little attention has been paid to the internal urban structure, utilities, and increasing vulnerability to natural disasters in Pangandaran. The study also addresses how urban theories and policies should deal with the complexities of small urban areas in Indonesia.
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Miklian, Jason y Kristian Hoelscher. "Entrepreneurial Strategies to Address Rural-Urban Climate-Induced Vulnerabilities: Assessing Adaptation and Innovation Measures in Dhaka, Bangladesh". Sustainability 12, n.º 21 (2 de noviembre de 2020): 9115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219115.
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Climate change amplifies social, political, economic, infrastructural and environmental challenges in many Global South cities, and perhaps no city is more vulnerable than Bangladesh’s capital of Dhaka. Climate-induced rural–urban migration is a profound concern, and Dhaka’s political leaders have embraced technology-based innovation as one solution pathway. This article explores the societal impact of Dhaka’s innovation environment strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Employing a case study qualitative methodology, our three findings expand knowledge about innovation for urban climate adaptation and mitigation as understood by Dhaka-based entrepreneurs. First, the most effective innovations were not the most technologically advanced, but those with the highest degree of participant ownership. Second, gaps between recipient, corporate and governmental understandings of effective mitigation and adaptation harmed projects were driven by different definitions of risk and competing understandings of vulnerability. Third, even the most technical climate adaptation measures were inherently political in their application. We discuss how to better position urban climate innovation infrastructures in Bangladesh and beyond, including developing a better recognition of innovation lifecycles for urban climate adaptation and widening our definitions of “innovation” to better incorporate more effective and inclusive climate adaptation solutions.
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Ito, Hideyuki y Atsushi Fukuda. "Study on Possibility of Applying Mitigation Bank to Road Projects in the Urban Suburbs". Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 40 (2005): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/cpij1.40.0.147.0.
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Ito, Hideyuki y Atsushi Fukuda. "Study on Possibility of Applying Mitigation Bank to Road Projects in the Urban Suburbs". Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 40.3 (2005): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.40.3.877.
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Meenar, Mahbubur, Megan Heckert y Deepti Adlakha. "“Green Enough Ain’t Good Enough:” Public Perceptions and Emotions Related to Green Infrastructure in Environmental Justice Communities". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 3 (27 de enero de 2022): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031448.
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The concept of biophilic urban planning has inspired neighborhood greening projects in many older urban communities in the USA and beyond. The strengths (e.g., environmental management, biodiversity, heat island mitigation) and challenges (e.g., greenwashing, green gentrification) of such projects are well-documented. Additional research on the relationship between these projects and various social factors (e.g., public perceptions, feelings, and mental health and well-being) is necessary to better understand how people adapt to said projects while struggling to navigate other more pressing socioeconomic issues, especially in communities facing environmental injustice and health inequity. In this article, we focus on one aspect of biophilic urban planning—green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) (e.g., rain gardens, bio-swales, pervious pavements, and wildflower meadows)—in Waterfront South, a post-industrial neighborhood in Camden, NJ, USA, where residents have faced environmental injustices for decades. Our qualitative analysis of in-depth semi-structured interviews of sixteen residents offered a thorough insight into their perceptions and emotions regarding different types of urban GSI projects. Residents acknowledge the many benefits that GSI offers to combat the neighborhood’s social and environmental injustices, but they are cautious about the possibility of some projects prompting new issues and concerns within the community. Our findings reveal potential implications in GSI planning, research, and practice in this neighborhood and similar urban places elsewhere that have yet to undergo gentrification.
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Qin, Yinghong. "Urban Flooding Mitigation Techniques: A Systematic Review and Future Studies". Water 12, n.º 12 (20 de diciembre de 2020): 3579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123579.
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Urbanization has replaced natural permeable surfaces with roofs, roads, and other sealed surfaces, which convert rainfall into runoff that finally is carried away by the local sewage system. High intensity rainfall can cause flooding when the city sewer system fails to carry the amounts of runoff offsite. Although projects, such as low-impact development and water-sensitive urban design, have been proposed to retain, detain, infiltrate, harvest, evaporate, transpire, or re-use rainwater on-site, urban flooding is still a serious, unresolved problem. This review sequentially discusses runoff reduction facilities installed above the ground, at the ground surface, and underground. Mainstream techniques include green roofs, non-vegetated roofs, permeable pavements, water-retaining pavements, infiltration trenches, trees, rainwater harvest, rain garden, vegetated filter strip, swale, and soakaways. While these techniques function differently, they share a common characteristic; that is, they can effectively reduce runoff for small rainfalls but lead to overflow in the case of heavy rainfalls. In addition, most of these techniques require sizable land areas for construction. The end of this review highlights the necessity of developing novel, discharge-controllable facilities that can attenuate the peak flow of urban runoff by extending the duration of the runoff discharge.
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Claghorn, Joseph, Francesco Maria Orsini, Carlos Alejandro Echeverri Restrepo y Christian Werthmann. "Rehabitar la Montaña: strategies and processes for sustainable communities in the mountainous periphery of Medellín". urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 8, n.º 1 (15 de diciembre de 2015): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-3369.008.001.se03.
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Abstract Thousands of poor, marginal communities’ residents die due to landslide events every year. The quick urbanization of mountainous areas, combined with an increased frequency of landslide events induced by heavy rains due to climate change, is leading to increased deaths year after year, and the problem will only get worse. Landscape Architects, trained to analyze and intervene in situations with complex natural and social territorial dynamics, are in position to make positive contributions to mitigating risks in such situations. A collaborative effort between a team of landscape architects from Germany and Urbanists in Medellín Colombia is carrying out a four-phased research and implementation proposal to anticipate and mitigate risk in low-income settlements on Medellín's urban periphery. They propose five pilot projects to test risk mitigation strategies through monitoring and early warning systems, drainage improvements, urban agriculture, slope forestation, and developing sites with the supplied services.
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Sampaio, Alcínia Zita, Gonçalo B. Constantino y Nuno M. Almeida. "8D BIM Model in Urban Rehabilitation Projects: Enhanced Occupational Safety for Temporary Construction Works". Applied Sciences 12, n.º 20 (20 de octubre de 2022): 10577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010577.
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Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a relevant booster to the modernization of construction. The adoption of digital technologies positively contributes to more agile and integrated processes in all phases of the building life-cycle, namely with regard to project management activities. The implementation of BIM has been predominant in new building projects, but the current market cycle of the rehabilitation or refurbishing of existing buildings offers new opportunities of application to be explored. This paper explores such opportunities, namely with regard to the temporary construction works involved in urban rehabilitation projects with the preservation of the façades of the original buildings. It specifically addresses the impacts of the modeling efforts of steel frames and structures needed to temporarily support façades, after the demolition of the old buildings, and until the original façade is reintegrated into the structural elements of the new building. In a BIM context, an 8D model is created to explore BIM capabilities in enabling more efficient occupation safety and health coordination and management activities in building rehabilitation projects, namely in improving and validating the demolitions and construction methods and sequencing, the scheduling of construction works, and the mandatory occupational risk prevention documents for the construction site. The development of the research was supported on the use of the available BIM software: Revit, to model the façade and the temporary steel structural system; Microsoft Project, to schedule the construction works; Navisworks, to perform clash detection analyses and enable visual simulations for occupational risk, and its identification and mitigation. The study intends to contribute to the dissemination of BIM capabilities to improve occupation safety and health in construction, namely in rehabilitation projects involving temporary structures while contributing with innovative perspectives toward higher maturity in BIM implementation and use in the construction sector.
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CSETE, Maria y Attila BUZASI. "CLIMATE-ORIENTED ASSESSMENT OF MAIN STREET DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT IN BUDAPEST". JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 24, n.º 4 (16 de diciembre de 2016): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2016.1185431.
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Main streets play pivotal role in urban areas in terms of economic, social, moreover environmental contexts. Such streets are generally situated in densely built-up areas, where the adverse effects of climate change, such as rising temperature and changing precipitation patterns occur emphatically. Increasing urban heat island effect or extreme amount of runoff water during severe storms and floods significantly decrease the adaptive capacity of a city, consequently its residents becoming more vulnerable. Therefore involving climate-oriented design principles into planning and construction phase contributes to reach more sustainable and climate-friendly open spaces what are strongly relevant especially in main streets which are designed for a great amount of people. Present study provides a criteria matrix for assessing the climate-friendly level of recently renewed main streets in Budapest. Due to this assessment tool the adaptation and mitigation performance of the selected projects can be evaluated. For identifying strengths and weaknesses of a given project, a rating scheme has been applied by selecting and using 42 indicators grouped into mitigation, adaptation and awareness raising categories. Thus planners, decision-makers and other stakeholders can easily define future opportunities and challenges, accordingly this study may contribute to take urban street design practices toward climate-friendliness by paying more attention on changing local weather patterns and related consequences.
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Wang, Gui Zhen, Ying Min Li y Li Ping Liu. "Determination and Comparison of Design Ground Motion Parameters in the Small Earthquake Zoning of the Chongqing City". Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (septiembre de 2011): 1419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.1419.
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This paper, based on the Chongqing urban small earthquake zoning, structure of ground calculation model to analysis soil seismic response , determined the design ground motion parameters , and with the current seismic code were compared ,for the general construction projects in Chongqing provides a reference for seismic design . At the same time, it’s of importance to disaster mitigation of other cities, sustainable social and economic development.
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Sánchez-Pantoja, Núria, Rosario Vidal y M. Carmen Pastor. "EU-Funded Projects with Actual Implementation of Renewable Energies in Cities. Analysis of Their Concern for Aesthetic Impact". Energies 14, n.º 6 (15 de marzo de 2021): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061627.
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Social acceptance and aesthetic impact of renewable energy (RE) in cities are topics scarcely considered in the literature even though they have attracted growing interest. Innovative European-funded projects, therefore, should start to consider these concepts. This paper provides an innovative review of European projects with the aim of identifying those with actual implementation of RE and energy storage systems in urban environments and their concern for aesthetic impact. The search considered the five most relevant programs related to RE and climate change mitigation, including almost 14,000 projects. Furthermore, a survey and some interviews allowed to collect data about the selected projects. 0.1% of reviewed projects aimed at the actual installation of RE on an urban scale. However, there is a recent growing trend. The most used RE was solar, especially photovoltaic, while the most common system for energy storage was lithium batteries. We can affirm that these European projects do not currently show any particular concern for the aesthetic impact they cause in cities, nor for the social perception assessment. It would be advisable to consider technologies as products and basic components of work and daily life, and not only as a means of intervention to promote RE.
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Liu, Y. P. y G. Y. Cai. "ASSESSMENT OF VEGETATION COOLING EFFECT ON THE SURROUNDING THERMAL ENVIRONMENT IN BLOCK SCALES". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (8 de febrero de 2020): 875–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-875-2020.
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Abstract. The growing coverage of impervious surfaces within cities has resulted in a decrease in vegetation areas, which in turn has caused the temperature increase in urban region. It has proved that vegetation plays an important role in mitigating urban heat island (UHI) effects such that the city managers and planners have paid more attention on how to plan green lands in city planning related projects. This paper focuses on the detection of the mean land surface temperature (LST) change in residential blocks in Changchun where citizens are have common daily lives. Then, according to the interactive extraction of high spatial resolution images, the regions with great changes in Changchun city during 2016 and 2019 are analyzed and compared with the average surface temperature of each block. According to statistical methods, the mitigation effect of the green space on the plot was obtained. It is helpful for city managers or planners to create a livable environment for citizens.
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Horayangkura, Vimolsiddhi, Yongtanit Pimonsathean, Uruya Weesakul, Krittiya Lertpocasombut, Worawut Romratanapun, Eakaboon Wongsawatgul y Siwaporn Klinmalai. "In Search of His Majesty the King’s Underlying Concepts in Royally-Initiated Urban, Community and Architecture Development". Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 5, n.º 3 (3 de septiembre de 2018): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/jars.v5i3.169038.
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King Bhumibol Adulyadej has been paid tribute to and presented with many international awards asthe world’s “Development King.” Throughout 60 years of His Majesty’s reign, there have been over 3,000royally-initiated projects for country development and improving the livelihood of his subjects. This research isintended to investigate His Majesty’s concepts in royally-initiated urban, community and architecturedevelopment, especially among those projects that are vital and beneficial to social and national development.It covers royally-initiated projects in urban development and improving the quality of life regarding traffic andtransportation, flood mitigation, improvement of water quality, the provision of open spaces for urban areas,royally-initiated projects in self-reliant community development, community development through knowledgemanagement, community development in enhancing spiritual and social cohesion, including royally-initiatedprojects in royal architecture and religious architecture development. Applicability analyses focus on thepotential for future application in royally-initiated development models as well as on the legislative dimension.In parallel to examining the accomplishments and constraints of selected projects, comprehensiveanalyses are undertaken concerning concepts and theories/principles related to royal initiatives, His Majesty’sroles and concepts, royal statements and guidance, activities, etc. To provide a sufficient basis for conceptinvestigation, relevant information was collected from documentary resources, physical surveys and structuredinterviews of key informants. Through systematic analyses of the arrays of concepts among various urban,community and architecture development initiatives, underlying development concepts, which are substantiallyphilosophy/principles, have been emerged. Further integration of the proposed significantunderlying concepts reveals a “sufficiency development” approach.
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Roy, Debopam y Satyanarayana N. Kalidindi. "Critical challenges in management of heritage conservation projects in India". Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 7, n.º 3 (21 de agosto de 2017): 290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-03-2017-0012.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify factors affecting performance of heritage conservation projects in terms of project management parameters of time, cost, and quality. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory study was conducted in India, wherein 41 conservation professionals were interviewed. The method adopted for the study was unstructured interviews, wherein the respondents were asked open-ended questions about the issues faced in such projects and factors affecting project performance. Findings The interview recordings and notes, made during the exploratory study, have been manually coded to identify the most frequently mentioned problems, group them into categories, and assess their relative importance. Research limitations/implications This paper has presented a broad overview of the challenges faced by heritage conservation projects in general. Further research is necessary to analyse if the challenges depend on factors like type of heritage, project delivery model, and stakeholders involved, and to develop mitigation strategies for these challenges. Practical implications The findings from this study can be used by practitioners to improve performance of heritage conservation projects in terms of time, cost, and quality. Originality/value The findings of the exploratory study help to better understand the reasons of poor performance of heritage conservation projects in terms of time, cost, and quality. The paper has identified major challenges of the sector, and assessed their relative importance, which can help in developing project management strategy for future projects.
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MUTMAN, DEMET y Derya Yorgancioğlu. "Commodification of Urban Space and the Image of ‘New’ Istanbul". Ekistics and The New Habitat 80, n.º 1 (5 de julio de 2021): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e2020801415.
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This study aims to identify the urban transformation strategy implemented in Istanbul for the last 15 years as a tool to promote the ‘new’ city discourse. This marking strategy leads to a thoroughly manipulated or re-written urban texture, constructed through concepts of identity, context and historicism. By decoding its actors, their roles, and branding images of five selected urban projects which relied on a top-down approach, the research exposes the implicit and explicit targets behind the political discourse of ‘new’ İstanbul. Through a qualitative content analysis of branding images and promotional media, the research focuses on the unseen agenda of the governing authority concerning the urban image and the state economy, which, on the contrary, undermines legitimate laws covering disaster mitigation. The conceptual framework of the study draws on Tafuri’s (1969) seminal article "Toward a Critique of Architectural Ideology" to deepen our examination of the leading forces of urban ideology that are reshaping the city. The article aims to spark a debate over the ‘new’ Istanbul discourse and its planning practices through its re-reading of urban projects, the field of architecture and planning, development strategies, and their relevant actors.
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Mindzie, Christophe Mbida, Raymond Asombang y Michèle Delneuf. "Rescue archaeology in eastern Cameroon". Antiquity 75, n.º 290 (diciembre de 2001): 805–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00089341.
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Many infrastructural development projects are now being carried out in Cameroon (e.g. road building, oil pipeline construction, and urban renewal). At present, no specific data base exists to determine the current and potential extent of damage to archaeological and historical sites. To redress this, we believe that there is an urgent need to make impact assessments and mitigation work a mandatory precondition of development approval for entrepreneurs and public works professionals operating in the country.
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Nemitz, Eiko, Massimo Vieno, Edward Carnell, Alice Fitch, Claudia Steadman, Philip Cryle, Mike Holland et al. "Potential and limitation of air pollution mitigation by vegetation and uncertainties of deposition-based evaluations". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, n.º 2183 (28 de septiembre de 2020): 20190320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0320.
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The potential to capture additional air pollutants by introducing more vegetation or changing existing short vegetation to woodland on first sight provides an attractive route for lowering urban pollution. Here, an atmospheric chemistry and transport model was run with a range of landcover scenarios to quantify pollutant removal by the existing total UK vegetation as well as the UK urban vegetation and to quantify the effect of large-scale urban tree planting on urban air pollution. UK vegetation as a whole reduces area (population)-weighted concentrations significantly, by 10% (9%) for PM 2.5 , 30% (22%) for SO 2 , 24% (19%) for NH 3 and 15% (13%) for O 3 , compared with a desert scenario. By contrast, urban vegetation reduces average urban PM 2.5 by only approximately 1%. Even large-scale conversion of half of existing open urban greenspace to forest would lower urban PM 2.5 by only another 1%, suggesting that the effect on air quality needs to be considered in the context of the wider benefits of urban tree planting, e.g. on physical and mental health. The net benefits of UK vegetation for NO 2 are small, and urban tree planting is even forecast to increase urban NO 2 and NO x concentrations, due to the chemical interaction with changes in BVOC emissions and O 3 , but the details depend on tree species selection. By extrapolation, green infrastructure projects focusing on non-greenspace (roadside trees, green walls, roof-top gardens) would have to be implemented at very large scales to match this effect. Downscaling of the results to micro-interventions solely aimed at pollutant removal suggests that their impact is too limited for their cost–benefit analysis to compare favourably with emission abatement measures. Urban vegetation planting is less effective for lowering pollution than measures to reduce emissions at source. The results highlight interactions that cannot be captured if benefits are quantified via deposition models using prescribed concentrations, and emission damage costs. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Air quality, past present and future’.
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Charnley, Susan, Melissa R. Poe, Alan A. Ager, Thomas A. Spies, Emily K. Platt y Keith A. Olsen. "A Burning Problem: Social Dynamics of Disaster Risk Reduction through Wildfire Mitigation". Human Organization 74, n.º 4 (1 de enero de 2015): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0018-7259-74.4.329.
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Disasters result from hazards affecting vulnerable people. Most disasters research by anthropologists focuses on vulnerability; this article focuses on natural hazards. We use the case of wildfire mitigation on United States Forest Service lands in the northwestern United States to examine social, political, and economic variables at multiple scales that influence fire hazard and risk reduction treatments and their effectiveness. Variables highlighted include policy direction to prioritize wildfire risk reduction in the wildland-urban interface, laws and policies that make treating fuels in some national forest land management allocations challenging, social and political constraints on using prescribed fire, agency budget and target pressures, and integrating fire hazard reduction into forest management projects having multiple objectives. These variables compromise the effectiveness of wildfire mitigation treatments. Understanding the social dynamics of natural hazard mitigation is important because they affect its outcomes, creating differential exposure to natural hazards—one component of social vulnerability. Interdisciplinary research to identify how the social dynamics of natural hazard mitigation influence hazard reduction outcomes can contribute to more informed and effective approaches to disaster risk reduction.
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Diallo, Thierno, Nicola Cantoreggi, Jean Simos y Derek P. T. H. Christie. "Is HIA the most effective tool to assess the impact on health of climate change mitigation policies at the local level? A case study in Geneva, Switzerland". Global Health Promotion 24, n.º 2 (9 de mayo de 2017): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975916686920.
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This study aims to understand how the health dimension is integrated into four impact assessment tools used in Geneva, Switzerland: environmental impact assessment (EIA), strategic environmental assessment (SEA), sustainability assessment (SA) and health impact assessment (HIA). We have chosen as a case study greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction policies chosen by the city of Geneva. The methodological approach consists in analysing EIA, SEA, SA and HIA conducted on three projects in three topic areas: urban planning, heating and transportation. These projects are: a complex urbanisation plan in an urban neighbourhood in Geneva (the Gare des Eaux-Vives project), a sustainable transportation plan for a central district in Geneva (the St-Gervais transportation project) and a strategy to encourage the City’s employees to use sustainable transport for local business travel. The results show some shortcomings in the consideration of health in SEA, EIA and SA. This work highlights a narrow vision of health in SEA and EIA, limiting itself to a review of the effects of projects on the determinants of the physical environment as required by the legislation relating to these tools. EIA does not require the integration of the health dimension. As for SA, our research found that health is treated much more superficially than in HIA and primarily through the analysis of ‘health and safety’ criteria. It appears from this work that HIA is the tool which provides the most elaborate assessment, compared to SA, SEA or EIA, of the consequences for health of the GHG reduction policies chosen by the local decision-makers of a city. However, our study suggests that the HIA community should identify the situations in which HIA should be carried out and in which cases it is better to include health issues within an integrated analysis.
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Ricart, Sandra, Carlo Berizzi, David Saurí y Gaia Nerea Terlicher. "The Social, Political, and Environmental Dimensions in Designing Urban Public Space from a Water Management Perspective: Testing European Experiences". Land 11, n.º 9 (15 de septiembre de 2022): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091575.
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Urban areas are increasingly experiencing extreme weather events, especially related to water (e.g., droughts, heatwaves, floods), which are devastatingly impacting infrastructure and human lives. Compact cities, conceived to create more robust, effective, and sustainable environments, are under pressure to increase their resilience by co-producing adaptive strategies mainly focused on the urban public space. However, public space design tends to face environmental challenges without sufficiently exploring their intersection with social issues (citizens living conditions and vulnerability) and political structures (governance). This contribution delves into how urban public space interventions are (not) moving towards achieving urban resilience in an integrated way instead of sectoral. A triple-loop approach has been developed and tested in ten urban public spaces in European compact cities in the last 25 years. The results report how most projects reinforce the social dimension by promoting citizen well-being through new quality standards in public spaces, excluding some citizenry’s vulnerable segments (immigrants, women, and disabled). The political dimension reinforces hard adaptation measures to manage water resources, although increasing attention is put on nature-based solutions, and most projects ensure participation processes. Finally, the environmental dimension is the most transversal by increasing land conversion, ensuring flooding mitigation, and enhancing adaptive capacity.
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Qureshi, Aiman Mazhar y Ahmed Rachid. "Review and Comparative Study of Decision Support Tools for the Mitigation of Urban Heat Stress". Climate 9, n.º 6 (21 de junio de 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9060102.
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Over the last few decades, Urban Heat Stress (UHS) has become a crucial concern of scientists and policy-makers. Many projects have been implemented to mitigate Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects using nature-based solutions. However, decision-making and selecting an adequate framework are difficult because of complex interactions between natural, social, economic and built environments. This paper contributes to the UHI issue by: (i) identifying the most important key factors of a Decision Support Tool (DST) used for urban heat mitigation, (ii) presenting multi-criteria methods applied to urban heat resilience, (iii) reviewing existing spatial and non-spatial DSTs, (iv) and analyzing, classifying and ranking DSTs. It aims to help decision-makers through an overview of the pros and cons of existing DSTs and indicate which tool is providing maximum support for choosing and planning heat resilience measures from the designing phase to the heat mitigation phase. This review shows that Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) can be used for any pilot site and the criteria can be adapted to the given location accordingly. It also highlights that GIS-based spatial tools have an effective decision support system (DSS) because they offer a quick assessment of interventions and predict long-term effects of urban heat. Through a comparative study using specific chosen criteria, we conclude that the DSS tool is well suited and fulfils many prerequisites to support new policies and interventions to mitigate UHS.
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Zhai, Chang, Zhonghui Zhang, Guangdao Bao, Dan Zhang, Ting Liu, Jiaqi Chen, Mingming Ding, Ruoxuan Geng y Ning Fang. "Comparing the Urban Floods Resistance of Common Tree Species in Winter City Parks". Land 11, n.º 12 (9 de diciembre de 2022): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122247.
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The rapid urbanization process and high-intensity construction mode have greatly changed the underlying surface structure and spatial distribution of the natural land surface, further amplified the possibility of urban floods, and made urban security face more serious threats. Urban forest could help to mitigate urban floods through water holding and interception by its unique structures, especially the litter layer. This paper compared the ability of different forest tree species on urban floods mitigation, through analyzing their litter accumulation, litter water holding characteristics, and water interception features of different decomposed layers. The results concluded that Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. (QM) forest, Betula platyphylla Sukaczev (BP) forest, Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. (LG) forest, and Picea koraiensis Nakai (PK) forest were the best choices for improving urban floods resistance in a high-urbanization winter city, for they had larger litter mass and higher maximum water holding and interception capacity. The corresponding results of this study could help environmental management departments worldwide in the selection of tree species in urban greening projects focusing on urban flood control.
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Chiesi, Leonardo y Giuseppina Forte. "Design for Climate Change in the Neoliberal Present: Gentrification, Ecocide, and the Loss of Urbanity in New York City". Social Sciences 11, n.º 10 (3 de octubre de 2022): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11100451.
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Climate urbanism is an emerging field of action that aims to adapt to or mitigate the impacts of climate change on cities. These interventions are often framed by narratives of climate collapse, implying that there is not enough time to engage citizens in participatory planning processes. Some scholars have argued that this may also enable the realization of urban interventions that would otherwise be difficult to implement under ordinary circumstances. At the same time, research has demonstrated that mitigation and adaptation policies and projects may result in the displacement of vulnerable populations. To avoid this scenario, city governments must ensure vulnerability assessments, transparency, and accountability to all affected communities throughout the design process, and examination of projects proposed by residents and developed by the city government. Based on interviews, fieldwork observation, and secondary analysis of open-source documents, this article examines the complexity of appropriate urban climate planning through a comparative analysis. Taking the East Side Coast Resilience (ESCR) project in New York as an exemplary case study, we analyze multiple perspectives, expertise, and rights involved in climate urbanism in global cities under the neoliberal present. We conclude that democratic city planning for climate change cannot be separated from questions of climate justice, which concerns democratic decision making and the impact of interventions on local communities and ecosystems.
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Hasan, Aisha, Umair Hasan, Andrew Whyte y Hamad Al Jassmi. "Lifecycle Analysis of Recycled Asphalt Pavements: Case Study Scenario Analyses of an Urban Highway Section". CivilEng 3, n.º 2 (25 de marzo de 2022): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng3020015.
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Roads account for a major part of energy/resource consumption and emission of GHGs, such as CO2, PM, NOx, O3, etc., due to high demand for virgin materials, specifically in developing regions. The applicability of recycled materials, such as recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and other alternative approaches for, e.g., warm-mix asphalt (WMA), in developed countries is hindered by project-specific constraints and lack of empirical studies in these regions. Lifecycle assessment studies on the usage of these road options from actual projects in the developing countries can aid decision makers choose sustainable material approaches by providing case study examples as guidelines. To that end, this study analyses environmental in/out-flows for a traditional approach and multiple green approaches (RAP and WMA) for a major highway section in Abu Dhabi through a 30-year (2015–2045) lifecycle approach. Roadworks were modelled in SimaPro according to real-world conditions, and the expected burden mitigation in each stage is calculated. Benefits of using optimum RAP-based options and a virgin-material-based WMA case against the baseline virgin material case were also investigated. Results showed benefits of WMA as higher than replacing virgin asphalt with recycled asphalt (25% RAP asphalt base, 15% RAP binder and wearing courses). Land use (19%) and energy consumption (16%) showed the highest reduction, followed by ozone depletion (14%), ionizing radiation (11%), PM (8%), acidification (7%) and global warming potential (6%) across all pavement lifecycle stages and environmental indicators. Similar results were obtained for other scenarios with lesser degrees of reduction, which show the significance of replacing HMA with WMA for real-world projects, specifically in mega road projects in Abu Dhabi and the Middle East towards cutting the significant carbon footprint of asphalt pavements.
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Ozgun, Kaan. "Towards a Sustainability Assessment Model for Urban Public Space Renewable Energy Infrastructure". Energies 13, n.º 13 (3 de julio de 2020): 3428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133428.
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As cities develop new interventions for climate change mitigation, incorporating renewable energy in urban public spaces becomes a common norm to address sustainability objectives. However, current built projects and assessment practices mainly uses a “techno-fixes” approach focusing on strategies that are related to the environmental benefits and neglecting other potential strategies instigating social and economic benefits of renewable energy. The purpose of this study is to present a potential sustainability assessment model introducing new strategies for public space renewable energy use where social and economic benefits of renewables become evident. Supplemented with theories and principles from ecology, the model’s economic strategies refer whether the project considers meaningful part of the produced electricity for generating a local economy; environmental strategy comprises embodied energy, energy storage and self-maintenance; social strategy includes whether the project considers generating active and passive interaction using on-site electricity. Ballast Point Park in Sydney was used as a test bed to examine the model and sustainability of park’s renewable energy use. The findings showed that environmental strategies were evident in the park, social strategies remained average and economic strategies with renewable energy were lacking. Interactions with on-site produced electricity was further claimed to be an imperative feature of any public space. Recommendations were made specific to operational and planning impacts of the integrated model.
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Alkhani, Roudaina. "Understanding Private-Sector Engagement in Sustainable Urban Development and Delivering the Climate Agenda in Northwestern Europe—A Case Study of London and Copenhagen". Sustainability 12, n.º 20 (13 de octubre de 2020): 8431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208431.
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While greenhouse gas emissions in Europe have reduced in recent years, there is still a considerable gap between the current situation and where we need be to limit global warming and adapt to climate change, particularly in cities. The Sustainable Development Goals and the Climate Agenda have placed great emphasis on collaborative frameworks and the private sector’s crucial contribution to closing the climate gap in terms of investment and leadership in innovation. However, there has not been a concise follow-up and assessment of the private sector’s practical involvement and contribution, whether policy and legislative frameworks and planning approaches are suitable to enable this involvement, and who would lead in delivering the climate agenda locally. The present article addresses this gap reporting on case observations regarding the delivery of climate interest and sustainability through urban development in London and Copenhagen—two European cities of different sizes and varying government approaches. Thereby, the article assesses patterns of private-sector involvement and governance around climate adaptation and mitigation and locates gaps around its involvement in delivering the climate agenda. The analysis clarifies overarching differences in governance and frameworks for the involvement of the private sector between the two cities, attributing this on the local level partly to city size and scale, but to a great extent to ‘city leadership’ in the built environment and sustainable urban innovation in general. A crucial finding highlights the importance that cities further establish platforms for collaborative learning, specifically around pilot urban projects, thereby stimulating voluntary private engagement. Another key finding is in the potential effectiveness of strategies by public agencies such as city governments to incentivise private actors and simultaneously monitor sustainability effects both broadly at the city level, and specifically at urban project level using ecological, circular and life-cycle approaches. Further implications of the analysis point to the importance of developing a more nuanced approach to understanding the different roles fulfilled by the ‘private sector’ in the built environment and the necessity of creating an information base addressing the life cycle of development projects and business processes and comparing their impacts. The situation also necessitates considering efforts, impacts, climate finances and data on the broad city scale. The findings of this article can inspire further research, benefit further action in these cities and inform international efforts about climate gaps related to climate adaptation and mitigation.
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Xu, Na, Qing Liu, Ling Ma, Yongliang Deng, Hong Chang, Guodong Ni y Zhe Zhou. "A Hybrid Approach for Dynamic Simulation of Safety Risks in Mega Construction Projects". Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (22 de octubre de 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9603401.
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Mega construction projects (MCPs) are inherently high-risk and complex. The challenge of safety management for mega construction projects is that safety risk factors constantly change and interact with each other in the long-term construction period. Few of the prior studies have enabled the prediction of the safety state in a dynamic and connected overview, which is a critical characteristic of safety risks in MCPs. Therefore, a hybrid approach for the dynamic simulation of risk factors is proposed. A three-stage procedure review of explicit documents, including accident investigation reports and construction standards, was carried out to identify safety risk factors and the causal relationships among them. Subsequently, the likelihood exposure and consequence (LEC) assessment method was applied to define the changes in risk factors over time. A system dynamics (SD) model was established to integrate the interacting risks and simulate the developing trend of the overall safety risk state. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was provided to rank risk factors and simulate optimal risk mitigation strategies. Finally, the model was applied to the urban rail transit Line 9 project in China as a case study. The results indicated that the proposed hybrid approach performed satisfactorily under complex interrelated risk factors. Therefore, this study provides a practical framework to simulate and predict the safety state dynamically in a timely process for MCPs, either ahead of a project theoretically or during a project with real data.
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Mahani, Iris, Rizal Z. Tamin, Rani G. Pradoto, Meifrinaldi, Putri N. K. Whardani, Yongki A. Tanne, y Kevin A. Hartono. "A STUDY ON THE APPLICATION OF AVAILABILITY PAYMENT SCHEME FOR URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDONESIA". International Journal of Education and Social Science Research 05, n.º 05 (2022): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37500/ijessr.2022.5506.
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The Government of Indonesia encourages the implementation of central and regional infrastructure through Public Private Patnership (PPP) which is regulated by Presidential Regulation no. 30/2015. One of the financing schemes in PPPs is the availability payment (AP), namely periodic payments by the Regional Head to the Implementing Business Entity for the availability of infrastructure services in accordance with the quality and/or criteria as determined by the PPP Agreement (Minister of Finance Regulation No. 260/PMK.08/2016). The AP scheme can be an alternative for PPP projects that are not feasible in terms of user payments because they do not depend on demand. AP is considered still difficult to implement in Indonesian PPPs because it is constrained by various things that need to be evaluated. Through a descriptive narrative approach based on literature review and case surveys, this research analyzes the keys to success, constraints, and recommendations for implementing AP in urban infrastructure in Indonesia. Case studies were conducted on several regional PPP projects in 8 districts/cities in Indonesia that use the AP and user payment schemes, where projects will be compared and evaluated based on the keys to the success of the AP to map constraints and their mitigation. The identification results obtained 13 AP success criteria which are grouped into regulation, institution, and business process aspects. The failure of AP compared to user payments in regional PPP projects is caused by the absence of regional PPP implementation and technical guidelines, the absence of approval from the DPRD and weak coordination with the regional government, the immature experience and preparation of the regional government, and the unpreparedness of regional PPP institutions. The recommendations proposed are the implementation of socialization of PPPs in the regions by the central government, increased coordination between the Regional Government and the DPRD, mature and complete preparation of regional PPP projects, and the implementation of regional PPP capacity building in improving the experience of regional governments.
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Wang, Peng, Bei Bei Cheng y Dai Qing Zhao. "Study on the Low Carbon City of Guangzhou by Energy Model". Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (septiembre de 2013): 1404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1404.
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As city accounts for more than half of the world population and consumed 75% of the energy, it emitted around 70% of the global GHGs. So it is essential to consider low carbon development at urban level from a long term perspective. This study aims to how to account the current carbon emission and predict future emission at city level by use of Energy model. The model projects consistent and quantitative socio-economic variables, energy demand, GHG emission and diffusion of mitigation options in order to achieve an emission target or assess the potential of emission reduction by various counter measures. The analysis results could be recommended to the policy makers.
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Belčáková, Ingrid, Małgorzata Świąder y Małgorzata Bartyna-Zielińska. "The Green Infrastructure in Cities as A Tool for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Slovakian and Polish Experiences". Atmosphere 10, n.º 9 (16 de septiembre de 2019): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090552.
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Climate change could be seen as a 21st century phenomenon. This topic has been taken up equally by professionals as well as the general public. Adaptation and mitigation actions are needed, especially in cities where the concentration of population and an increased demand for resources (e.g., water, food, land) are expected in the coming years. Already, 400 cities have been declared to be in a “climate emergency” state. There are no longer any doubts that current environmental state requires actions and solutions for both the alarming climate situation and urban quality life development. If such action is not going to be taken, the environmental state will deteriorate. One possible solution could be the use of green infrastructure. This research compares approaches to green areas and green infrastructure development in Bratislava (Slovakia) and Wrocław (Poland). A comparison was made for projects realized between 2013 and 2018—i.e., since the publication of the European Union (EU) Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change in 2013. The research presents an overview of delivered projects regarding land use. The overview, which is supported by a density map of implemented green projects, verifies whether the new greenery fits and fills in the existing natural areas. Secondly, the green projects were analyzed according to years and land use types using Tableau software. Moreover, the legislation of climate adaptation mechanisms and practical aspects of green infrastructure implementation are shown. Finally, actions concerning the greening of the cities were categorized into practical, educational, and participatory ones, and the potential of green infrastructure as a positive landscape, micro-climate, health, and aesthetic influence was examined.
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Poli, Irene, Chiara Ravagnan y Laura Ricci. "A Planning Framework for Urban Resilience toward Climate Adaptation and Mitigation: Potentials and Limits of “Eco-Districts”". Urban Science 6, n.º 3 (22 de julio de 2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci6030049.
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In order to contribute to the debate on climate-proof urban regeneration, the study illustrated in this paper pays attention to the references for eco-districts as possible integrated frameworks that include urbanism and ecology toward urban resilience linked to environmental, social and governance “commitments”. To this end, the research activity has given answer to a need for a contextualization of the urban phenomena and the state of the art on sustainable development and climate proof urban resilience, pointing out the French context as an emblematic scope of study through a literature review of European best practices of eco-district. In consistency with this research framework, the study has developed a case study analysis, focusing on the description and evaluation of four best practices of French EcoQuartiers. The methodology adopted has selected with an inductive method the mitigation and adaptation strategies developed in the implementation of the French emblematic eco-quartiers, combining the official sources of the projects with on-site visits and surveys in order to define an experimental proposal of a grid of methodological-operational references relating to eco-districts. Furthermore, the discussion points out the potentials and limits of the proposed framework, related on the one hand to the quality, innovation, integration, and dissemination of the design solutions, and on the other hand to the economic and social costs of the EcoQuartiers that find a synthesis in the concept of “greentrification”. Finally, the conclusion highlights the interest of the contribution of the French context in climate proof planning and points out research interest in the other national contexts toward a European framework for eco-districts.
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Ryckewaert, Michael, Jan Zaman y Sarah De Boeck. "Variable Arrangements Between Residential and Productive Activities: Conceiving Mixed-Use for Urban Development in Brussels". Urban Planning 6, n.º 3 (23 de septiembre de 2021): 334–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4274.
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Mixing productive economic activities with housing is a hot topic in academic and policy discourses on the redevelopment of large cities today. Mixed-use is proposed to reduce adverse effects of modernist planning such as single-use zoning, traffic congestion, and loss of quality in public space. Moreover, productive city discourses plead for the re-integration of industry and manufacturing in the urban tissue. Often, historical examples of successful mixed-use in urban areas serve as a guiding image, with vertical symbiosis appearing as the holy grail of the live-work mix-discourse. This article examines three recent live-work mix projects developed by a public real estate agency in Brussels. We investigate how different spatial layouts shape the links between productive, residential, and other land uses and how potential conflicts between residents and economic actors are mediated. We develop a theoretical framework based on earlier conceptualisations of mixed-use development to analyse the spatial and functional relationships within the projects. We situate them within the housing and productive city policies in Brussels. From this analysis, we conclude that mixed-use should be understood by considering spatial and functional relationships at various scales and by studying the actual spatial layout of shared spaces, logistics and nuisance mitigation. Mixed-use is highly contextual, depending on the characteristics of the area as well as policy goals. The vertical symbiosis between different land uses is but one example of valid mixed-use strategies along with good neighbourship, overlap, and tolerance. As such, future commercial and industrial areas will occur in various degrees of mixity in our cities.
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Javed, Nida, Muhammad Jamaluddin Thaheem, Beenish Bakhtawar, Abdur Rehman Nasir, Khurram Iqbal Ahmad Khan y Hamza Farooq Gabriel. "Managing risk in green building projects: toward a dedicated framework". Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 9, n.º 2 (13 de septiembre de 2019): 156–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-11-2018-0060.
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Purpose The formal application of project risk management (PRM) in green building projects is still an emergent part of project management. The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual PRM framework that increases the probability of success in green building projects by minimizing unexpected events. Design/methodology/approach This paper interprets the related literature and uses the opinion of green building experts. It exposes some pertinent elements needed for structuring the PRM framework and suggests some mitigation actions for high-ranked risks. It also performs ex-post analysis on a case study to practically validate the proposed framework. Findings It is found that high initial cost, lack of experienced contractors and subcontractors, consideration of lifecycle inflation and experience in green building project management are the most significant risks. To address them, the framework proposes a rigorous selection of contractors, provision of financial incentives from the government, setting of a time buffer to accommodate legal process and development of a deliberate proactive financial model. Originality/value This paper contributes to the body of knowledge and practice by providing a reasonable strategy for employing the PRM framework capable of effectively managing risk in green building projects to keep organizations competitive within the business environment. The overall aim of this study is to contribute to the further development of the area of risk assessment and risk management from a knowledge-based perspective.
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Qurix, Williams Barnabas y Rahila Gugule Doshu. "Mitigating building collapse in Nigeria". ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 5, n.º 3 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v5i3.596.
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The past ten years (2010- 2020), an overwhelming number of buildings (forty-eight) have collapsed in Nigerian urban cities, with about 77% rise from the previous decade. To address this menace, the study aimed at exploring major causes of building collapse in Nigeria as perceived by building industry professionals, policy makers and the public; with a view of establishing effective ways for mitigation. The primary data were obtained from Questionnaires and field observations while secondary data were obtained from textbooks, Journal articles and newspapers. The results revealed that factors such as change of use for building without following professional protocols is a major cause of building collapse. Poor supervision or lack of supervision by qualified professionals; substandard materials, structural failure; government controlling agency not monitoring projects and standards are compromised, a significant amount (27.7%) of collapse cases recorded during constructions. Other factors include faulty architectural and engineering designs; clients not ready to pay for quality jobs and contractors cut corners for profit. The study recommends use of Building Information Modelling to predict behaviour of buildings under various loading and environmental conditions. Also, only certified professionals should carry out design and supervision of projects. Further research should evaluate the role of technology on existing buildings to check the level of safety for occupants’ in such buildings.
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Buchori, Imam, Abdurrahman Zaki, Pangi Pangi, Anang Wahyu Sejati, Angrenggani Pramitasari y Yan Liu. "Adaptation strategies and community participation in government-led mitigation projects: A comparison between urban and suburban communities in Pekalongan, Indonesia". International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 81 (octubre de 2022): 103271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103271.
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Graham, Christopher. "Managing Climate Change: The Role of Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships in Building Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa". Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies 7, n.º 2 (16 de diciembre de 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/ijps.v7i2.3386.
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Research increasingly suggests that climate change has intensified the frequency of droughts, floods, and other environmental disasters across sub-Saharan Africa. In response to the resulting array of climate-induced challenges, various stakeholders are working collectively to build climate resilience in rural and urban communities and trans-continentally. This paper examines key climate resilience-building projects that have been implemented across sub-Saharan Africa through multi-stakeholder partnerships. It uses a vulnerabilities assessment approach to examine the strategic value of these projects in managing the mitigation of climate shocks and long-term environmental changes. There are still many challenges to building climate resilience in the region, but through multi-stakeholder partnerships, sub-Saharan African nations are expanding their capacity to pool resources and build collective action aimed at financing and scaling up innovative climate solutions. This article contributes to ongoing interdisciplinary academic, management, and policy discourses on global climate adaptation focused on populations and landscapes most at risk.