Tesis sobre el tema "Mismatch negativity"
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Gene-Cos, N. "Mismatch negativity in anxiety disorders". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515466.
Texto completoFerreira, Dulce Azevedo. "Caracterização do Mismatch Negativity em crianças". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163755.
Texto completoAim: To characterize the answers of Mismatch Negativity (MMN) in children with hearing thresholds within the normality patterns and without auditory complaints. Methods: Transversal type study. Children between 5 and 11 years old without auditory complaints have participated in this research. All the participants have done peripheral audiological evaluation with acoustic immittance measures, tonal audiometry and vocal audiometry previously to MMN execution. To perform the electrophysiological procedure, MMN, it was used Masbe ATC Plus equipment from Contronic brand. The electrodes were fixed in Fpz (active electrode), M1 and M2 (reference electrodes) and front (earth electrode) positions. The intensity used to evoke the potential was 80 dBNA, the frequent stimulus used was 1.000 Hz and the rare stimulus was 2.000 Hz. The stimuli were presented in both ears monoaurally. Children performed the assessment sat and they were conditioned to watch a video without sound, on a tablet computer, while the procedure was performed. Results: For the female group, the average of the latencies and amplitudes was 177,3 ms and 5,01 μV for the right ear and 182,4 ms and 5,39 μV for the left ear. Regarding the male group, the average of latencies was 194,4 ms for the right ear and 183,6 ms for the left ear, with an amplitude of 5,11 μV for the right ear and 5,83 μV for the left ear. There was no significant statistically difference for the values of latency and amplitude among ears (p=0,867 and p=0,178), age (p>0,20) and gender of the participants (p>0,05). Conclusion: The values found in the latencies and amplitudes of MMN potential are similar to those observed in the scientific literature examined, in children with typical development and without auditory complaints.
Engeland, Christopher. "Nicotine and the mismatch negativity in Alzheimer's disease". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ27048.pdf.
Texto completoEngeland, Christopher (Christopher Gerald) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Nicotine and the mismatch negativity in Alzheimer's disease". Ottawa, 1997.
Buscar texto completoDoerfling, Paul. "The negative difference and mismatch negativity as measures of attention". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ56173.pdf.
Texto completoMacLean, Shannon Elizabeth. "Temporo-frontal phase synchronization supports hierarchical network for mismatch negativity". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33788.
Texto completoAbu, Qouta Nedal. "Auditiv mismatch negativity (MMN) : under hög och låg visuell belastning". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157556.
Texto completoO'Reilly, Jamie Alexander. "Characterising mismatch negativity biomarker signatures in preclinical models relevant to schizophrenia". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28635.
Texto completoWei, Dawei. "Early and automatic processing of written Chinese : visual mismatch negativity studies". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47161/.
Texto completoPerry, Elizabeth Anne. "Brain Mapping of the Mismatch Negativity Response in Vowel Formant Processing". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3226.
Texto completoElangovan, Saravanan, Jerry L. Cranford, Letitia Walker y Andrew Stuart. "A Comparison of the Mismatch Negativity and a Differential Waveform Response". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1556.
Texto completoMilovan, Denise L. "Generation of mismatch negativity in a sample of treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0022/MQ39943.pdf.
Texto completoSinghal, Anthony. "Attentional workload and the ERPs, negative difference (Nd) and mismatch negativity (MMN)". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39233.pdf.
Texto completoKrljes, Sanya. "Mismatch negativity (MMN) deficit in schizophrenia : specificity and relationship to cognitive deficits". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422339.
Texto completoLilge, Anja [Verfasser]. "Ist eine objektive Darstellung der Ordnungsschwelle mittels Mismatch Negativity möglich ? / Anja Lilge". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1023582236/34.
Texto completoPierce, Dana Lynn. "Mismatch Negativity Event Related Potential Elicited by Speech Stimuli in Geriatric Patients". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7487.
Texto completoJansson-Verkasalo, E. (Eira). "Auditory event-related potentials as indices of language impairment in children born preterm and with Asperger syndrome". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514272447.
Texto completoPettigrew, Catharine Melainie. "Automatic processing of spoken words in normals and aphasics : a mismatch negativity study /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17891.pdf.
Texto completoVajsar, Jiri. "The mismatch negativity evoked by changes in the frequency of an auditory stimulus". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5679.
Texto completoQuandt, Daniel. "Ereigniskorrelierte Potenziale und mismatch negativity zur Objektivierung vorbewusster Phonem- und Tonhöhendiskrimination bei unauffälligen Säuglingen". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2004/252/index.html.
Texto completoChen, J. "Mismatch negativity in health and dystonia and its modulation by non-invasive brain stimulation". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1437736/.
Texto completoDuda, Victoria. "Measuring Mismatch Negativity Responses to Gaps in Noise for a Better Understanding of Tinnitus". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38226.
Texto completoSchuller, Marietta [Verfasser] y Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Bogdahn. "Die Mismatch Negativity (MMN) als Indikator müdigkeits- bzw. schläfrigkeitsassoziierter Aufmerksamkeitsdefizite / Marietta Schuller ; Betreuer: Ulrich Bogdahn". Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156780276/34.
Texto completoAlzaher, Mariam. "Mismatch negativity, un marqueur neuronal de la plasticité spatiale auditive chez les sujets sourds unilatéraux". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30253.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates different spatial hearing functions in 3 types of populations: Normal Hearing Subjects (NHS), Unilateral Hearing Loss patients (UHL) and Bilateral Hearing Loss patients ( BHL). To discover the mechanisms underlying the adaptive strategies that are observed in UHL with acquired deafness. The main aim of the thesis is to verify whether spatial Mismatch Negativity (MMN) could be a neuronal marker of spatial auditory plasticity observed in UHL patients, and to verify whether these neural correlates are consistent with the spatial auditory performance. Two types of investigations were applied to 20 NHS, 21 UHL and 14 BHL. The first investigation is a sound source identification task measured by the root mean square error (RMS). The second assessment is an electroencephalography (EEG) study where we analyzed the amplitude and latency of the MMN. MMN is defined as an auditory evoked potential that reflects the brain's ability to detect a change in one physical property of a sound. We used a standard sound in a reference position (50°) with three deviations from the standard (10° , 20°, and 100°), in binaural and monaural conditions. UHL patients were divided into 3 groups according to their spatial performances. The group of good performers (UHL {low rms}) showed better RMS scores in comparison with NHS with earplugs (NHS-mon), with performances similar to those of NHS subjects in binaural condition. A progressive increase of the MMN with the angle of deviation from the standard was noted in all groups. With a significant reduction of MMN amplitude in monaural NHS when the ear plug was applied on the ipsilateral side of the standard. MMN showed consistent variation with the behavioral observations, where UHL {low rms} patients had larger MMN amplitudes than those of monaural NHS and similar to those of binaural NHS. UHL patients have adaptive spatial auditory strategies. Our study was able to demonstrate that spatial auditory plasticity that occurs after deafness can be reflected by the MMN. Neural observations (i.e. the MMN) are correlated with behavioral observations of spatial source identification. This means that the spatial cortical plasticity, that took place in these subjects, is not limited to the functions of identification of the sound source, but exceeds these capacities towards more complex mechanisms such as deviance detection and short-term memory, that are involved in the spatial discrimination function
Smith, Lyndsy Marie. "Brain Mapping of the Mismatch Negativity Response to Vowel Variances of Natural and Synthetic Phonemes". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3890.
Texto completoHutton, Brittany A. "Exploring Echoic Memory and Auditory Cognition in the Atlantic Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, with Mismatch Negativity". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1613741639578729.
Texto completoRoser, Patrik [Verfasser]. "Auswirkungen von Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol und standardisiertem Cannabis-Extrakt auf die akustisch evozierte Mismatch Negativity / Patrik Roser". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1021937169/34.
Texto completoNeff, Skylee Simmons. "Brain Mapping of the Mismatch Negativity and the P300 Response in Speech and Nonspeech Stimulus Processing". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2254.
Texto completoWeise, Annekathrin, Sabine Grimm, Nelson J. Trujillo-Barreto y Erich Schröger. "Timing matters". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-146962.
Texto completoMengler, Elise Dione. "Neurophysiologically mediated auditory processing insensitivity in children with specific language impairment : behavioural discrimination and the mismatch and late discriminative negativities". University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0154.
Texto completoGottberg, Friedrich Wilhelm Verfasser] y Jesko L. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Verhey. "Untersuchung trainingsbedingter Veränderungen der Richtungsunterscheidung von Gleittönen mit der Mismatch Negativity / Friedrich Wilhelm Gottberg. Betreuer: Jesko L. Verhey". Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076590292/34.
Texto completoFreire, Izabela Lyon. "Is the Mismatch Negativity a symmetrical measure of change?: mathematico-philosophical and experimental investigations aimed at mapping psychotopologies". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-9NMLCY.
Texto completoO potencial evocado conhecido como Negatividade do Desviante (Mismatch Negativity, MMN) é uma medida psicofísica de mudança discriminável. A forma mais simples de evocá-lo é através de experimentos no paradigma da bolota estranha no qual dois estímulos são apresentados em alternância aleatória: um deles acontecendo mais frequentemente, chamado de padrão, e outro acontecendo mais raramente, chamado de desviante. O MMN é a forma de onda calculada como a subtração da resposta ao padrão da resposta ao desviante. A literatura caracteriza o MMN como uma forma de onda cuja amplitude do pico aumenta e latência do pico diminui tanto com decrementos em probabilidade de apresentação do desviante quanto com a diferença entre estímulos utilizados nos papéis de padrão e desviante. Tal caractarização do MMN é em essência incompleta, já que não determina como fazer essa medida da diferença entre estímulos padrão e desviante, e as possibilidades de escolha de espaços métricos para o domínio dos estímulos físicos são várias. A literatura comumente assume que o MMN é uma medida simétrica de mudança e que uma reversão de papéis de padrão e desviante para os estímulos físicos utilizados no experimento da bolota estranha não afetaria a forma de onda do MMN. Diferenças observadas entre MMNs obtidos no par de experimentos determinados pela troca de papéis são, na literatura, explicadas por diferenças em outros potenciais evocados sendo gravados durante o experimento. Este texto mostra que a hipótese de simetria do MMN é mal-definida, faltando-lhe rigor matemático, e propõe um paradigma experimental para a investigação da questão da simetria do MMN sob determinado espaço métrico para os estímulos físicos. Em termos experimentais, é demonstrado que o MMN para frequências se comporta de forma assimétrica sob a métrica diferença absoluta, em Hertz, entre a frequência fundamental de tons complexos de três hamônicos. Se for admitida a hipótese de que o MMN seja, em essência, uma medida simétrica de mudança, então a busca por espaços métricos para estímulos, sob os quais o MMN se comporte como tal, pode ser utilizada como ferramenta para o mapeamento da psicotopologia do processamento daquele tipo de estímulo.
Moreira, Renata Rodrigues. "Mismatch negativity: análise dos efeitos da hipotermia e do treinamento auditivo a partir de um modelo de estudo experimental". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5159/tde-08072008-150937/.
Texto completoINTRODUCTION: Significant ischemic cerebral lesions may result in cognitive disorders of varying degrees, with clinical repercussions that could be extremely severe for the affected patients. In order to evaluate the consequences of such lesions upon functional aspects, one of the components of event-related auditory evoked potentials, the Mismatch Negativity (MMN), may be used. AIM: to verify whether the MMN is able to identify electrophysiological changes in gerbils submitted to cerebral ischemia and hypothermia; to verify if auditory training may generate electrophysiological changes detectable by MMN, and to compare the potential\'s latencies with the surviving cells of the hippocampus of gerbils submitted to cerebral ischemia and hypothermia. METHODS: Study 1: 44 adult gerbils (Meriones Unguiculatus) were sedated with halothane and underwent cerebral ischemia through bilateral occlusion of the carotids for seven minutes, and the MMN was registered. Animals were divided in four groups, SHAM, HIPO, NORMO and HIPER, according to the temperature they were exposed. Study 2: 28 gerbils underwent a session of auditory training of 300 seconds in a passive shuttle box with an electroshock generator, and the MMN was registered. Study 3: the MMN of 27 gerbils were registered and after their scarifice, the amount of surviving cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was quantified through histological cuts. RESULTS: Study 1: the MMN was 100% present in the HIPO group, there was no significant statistical difference between groups SHAM and HIPO. Study 2: there was no significant statistical difference between the MMN latencies before and after the auditory training. Study 3: a greater number of surviving cells was observed in the hippocampus of animals from group HIPO, and a low correlation between the number of surviving cells and the MMN latency was detected. CONCLUSIONS: MMN detected electrophysiological changes generated by the neuroprotector effect of hypothermia, nevertheless the auditory training protocol used in this study did not generate neural changes in the animals that could be detected by MMN, and a low correlation between the MMN latency and the number of surviving cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of gerbils submitted to ischemia and hypothermia was observed.
Makepeace, Shawn. "Using Bioacoustical Methodologies to Evaluate Equine Hearing Capabilities and Cognition". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1368026497.
Texto completoKaur, Manreena. "Reconceptualising neurophysiological biomarkers of schizophrenia: an investigation of the MMN/P3a complex in early stage psychiatric disorders". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10104.
Texto completoMerl, Volker. "Die Beeinflussung der Encodierung im echoischen Gedächtnis durch Ketamin, gemessen mit Hilfe der mismatch negativity eine Untersuchung an gesunden Probanden /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974508462.
Texto completoMuller-Gass, Alexandra. "The effect of task demands on the processing of attended and unattended auditory inputs as indexed by the mismatch negativity". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29145.
Texto completoSmith, Marjorie A. "Phonemic Categorization of Eight-to-Ten Year Old Children with an Articulation Disorder". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2941.pdf.
Texto completoAfyonoglu, Kirbas Yeliz. "Neuronal activity to environmental sounds when presented together with semantically related words : An MMN study on monolingual and bilingual processing of homophones". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170303.
Texto completoNeuronal aktivitet av en- och tvåspråkiga till miljöljud och ord som är semantiskt relaterade till dem studerades med hjälp av Mismatch Negativity (MMN) komponent av event-relaterade potentialer. MMN förväntades spegla språkvalsprocessen i tvåspråkiga baserad på semantik och fonologi. I detta avseende presenterades interlingual-homofoner ’car’ (bil) och ’kar’ (snö) som lexikala stimuli tillsammans med semantiskt besläktade miljöljud i ett passivt auditivt oddball paradigm. De lexikala stimuli spelades in av en modersmålstalare av engelska. Tre turkiska-engelska sena tvåspråkiga och en modersmålstalare av engelska deltog i studien. En tidig MMN framkallades i båda grupperna med en fördelning över de främre central- och centrala områdena över skalp med amplitud vid -2,5 med 113 ms latens. Detta indikerar att deltagarna var sensitiva till de akustiska förändringarna mellan de två olika typerna av stimuli. Den vidare undersökningen av samspelet mellan miljöljud och semantik visade inget avgörande resultat. Dessutom, var det också ett inkonklusivt resultat som handlade om att huruvida tvåspråkiga deltagarna använde subfonemiska signalerna i de presenterade auditiva lexikala stimuli eller inte.
Macdonald, Margaret. "Are Stimuli Representing Increases in Acoustic Intensity Processed Differently? An Event-Related Potential Study". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30394.
Texto completoSorensen, David Olonzo. "Cross-Lingual Diphthong Perception: A Simultaneous EEG/fMRI Investigation". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7602.
Texto completoStothart, George. "Deficits and compensation in healthy ageing, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease : a mismatch negativity study of visual, auditory and audiovisual processing". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616567.
Texto completoJohansson, Daniel. "Neural bearbetning av regelbunden och oregelbunden aspektböjning i modern grekiska : En MMN-studie". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169650.
Texto completoDifferences in morphological complexity between languages have not recieved much attention within the field of neural processing of morphological information. Conclusions have though been drawn regarding inflectional morphology, arguing for different processing of regular and irregular inflections, i.e. decompositional and holistic processing respectively. To provide the research with higher morphological complexity and to investigate the relationship between the continuous regularity spectra and the dichotomy of decompositional-holistic processing, this thesis investigated the neural processing of aspectual inflection in modern Greek, a highly inflected language with complex verbal morphology. The early auditory ERP-component MMN was used to investigate this by exploiting it's shown longterm memory connections, reflecting higher linguisic processes such as syntactic (sMMN) and lexical (lMMN) processing. Results showed two MMN peaks, one earlier at around 120-175 ms and one later at around 240-300 ms. The peaks were modulated according to an sMMN elicitation for both regular and irregular inflections. These results, speaking for a decompositional processing of a irregular verb by weak suppletion (/vɣázo/ → /vɣálo/), were argued to indicate a lack of necessity of morphological regularity for a decompositional processing of inflection.
Giunchi, Lorenzo. "Analisi dei potenziali evocati cerebrali ottenuti mediante paradigma oddball di tipo uditivo e di tipo visivo". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19546/.
Texto completoGarrapa, Luigia. "Vowel processing in Italian pediatric cochlear-implant users: A behavioral and neurophysiological study". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424083.
Texto completoGli impianti cocleari (IC) multicanale ripristinano parzialmente la sensazione uditiva nei bambini affetti da ipoacusia neurosensoriale congenita a livello bilaterale, soprattutto se l’IC viene chirurgicamente inserito prima del compimento di 3.5 anni [Sharma et al. 2002abc, 2005, 2007, 2009; Gilley et al. 2008]. Precedenti studi su bambini italiani portatori di IC unilaterale si sono concentrati sulle abilità uditive generali e sull’intelligibilità del parlato dei bambini sordi italiani [cf. Santarelli et al. 2009; Colletti et al. 2012; Caselli et al. 2012; Martines et al. 2013], ricorrendo esclusivamente a test logopedici somministrati a livello attentivo e concentrandosi prevalentemente su bambini sottoposti alla chirurgia per l’inserimento dell’IC dopo i 3.5 anni. Moltissimi studi hanno, invece, indagato l’elaborazione di singoli suoni linguistici e di coppie di suoni linguistici a livello corticale in bambini con IC non italiani che apprendono l’inglese [Kileny et al. 1997; Sharma et al. 2002abc, 2005, 2007; 2009; Gilley et al. 2008; Henkin et al. 2008], l’ebraico [Singh et al. 2004], l’olandese [Beynon et al. 2002] il tedesco [Ortmann et al. 2013] e il croato [Munivrana & Mildner 2013], ecc. Il presente lavoro si differenzia dagli studi precedenti per i seguenti motivi: i) questo studio si concentra sull’elaborazione corticale delle vocali; ii) ai soggetti pediatrici selezionati vengono presentati stimoli vocalici elicitati naturalmente e poi adeguatamente normalizzati per renderli acusticamente stabili ed omogenei, senza inficiarne la ‘genuinità’; iii) questo studio affianca all’uso di misure neurofisiologiche (gli ERPs uditivi) che monitorano l’elaborazione automatica delle vocali a livello corticale, l’uso di test comportamentali che monitorano l’elaborazione delle vocali a livello cosciente, ossia tramite l’emissione di una ‘risposta’. Il presente studio monitora l’elaborazione di cinque vocali singole (/u/, /i/, /e/, /o/, /a/) e di coppie di vocali, sia uguali (/u/-/u/, /i/-/i/, /e/-/e/, /o/-/o/, /a/-/a/) che diverse (/u/-/i/, /i/-/u/, /e/-/i/, /i/-/e/, /o/-/a/, /a/-/o/), sia a livello comportamentale (attentivo) che a livello neurofisiologico (automatico), in un gruppo di bambini sordi italiani portatori di IC unilaterale. Questi bambini hanno ricevuto l’IC ad un’età compresa fra 2.1 e 4.4 anni ed usano l’IC da almeno 2 anni (range: 2.4 – 8.1 anni). A livello comportamentale, ai bambini sono stati somministrati dei test di categorizzazione e di discriminazione vocalica. A livello neurofisiologico, invece, è stata registrata passivamente l’attività EEG mentre i bambini guardavano un cartone animato senza audio e, al posto dell’audio del cartone, venivano presentate loro acusticamente le vocali in sottofondo. Dall’attività EEG acquisita sono state estratte le componenti P1, N1 e MMN che indicizzano la detezione, la categorizzazione e la discriminazione degli stimoli uditivi, sia di tipo linguistico, a livello neurale nella corteccia uditiva. Le performances dei bambini con IC sono state confrontate con quelle di un gruppo di bambini normoacusici (NH) matchato in base all’età dei bambini con IC. Questo studio ha anche esplorato se, e in che misura, alcuni fattori esterni fossero eventualmente suscettibili di influire sull’elaborazione delle vocali nei bambini con IC. Questi fattori sono: i) il timbro vocalico; ii) le caratteristiche articolatorie delle vocali; iii) la maggior vs. minor distanza Euclidea che caratterizza le coppie di vocali; iv) la differente specificazione delle vocali in termini di tratti fonologici e, più in particolare, la direzionalità del cambiamento nella stessa fra la prima e la seconda vocale di ciascuna coppia; v) la maggior vs. minor precocità con cui avviene la chirurgia; e vi) il maggior vs. minor periodo di uso dell’IC. I principali risultati del presente studio sono i seguenti. La principale differenza emersa fra il livello comportamentale e quello neurofisiologico consiste nel fatto che i bambini con IC incontrano delle difficoltà nell’elaborazione delle coppie di vocali a livello comportamentale, ma non a livello neurofisiologico; al contrario, per quanto riguarda l’elaborazione delle singole vocali, i bambini con IC incontrano delle difficoltà a livello neurofisiologico, ma non a livello comportamentale. Inoltre, a livello neurofisiologico, i bambini con IC risultano avere delle difficoltà a livello uditivo, ma non a livello cognitivo. In effetti, sebbene i bambini con IC siano meno precisi di quanto dovrebbero nella detezione e nella categorizzazione delle singole vocali, che sono processi uditivi, essi non incontrano alcuna difficoltà nella discriminazione delle coppie di vocali, che è un processo cognitivo. Né l’età alla chirurgia né il periodo di uso dell’IC influiscono in alcun modo sull’elaborazione delle vocali a livello comportamentale. Tuttavia, a livello neurofisiologico, può succedere che i bambini che hanno ricevuto l’IC prima di 3.4 anni e/o che lo usano da almeno 5.8 anni riescano ad elaborare le singole vocali e le coppie di vocali in maniera più efficace e/o più accurata. Gli altri fattori esterni studiati, ossia il timbro vocalico, le caratteristiche articolatorie delle vocali, la distanza Euclidea che caratterizza le coppie di vocali e la differente specificazione delle vocali in termini di tratti fonologici, invece, non influiscono in maniera significativa sull’elaborazione delle vocali né a livello comportamentale né a livello neurofisiologico.
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