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1
Karam R.A. AL-Nqar, Sawsan H. Faisal y Yaseen S.K. Al-Jwaini. "Microfacies Analysis of the Mishrif and Kifil Formations of Amara Oil field/South of Iraq". Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, n.º 5 (13 de septiembre de 2019): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v24i5.415.
Resumen
The lithologic and petrographic studies of the Mishrif and Kifil formations in Amara oil field in wells AM11,AM9, AM5 was revealed that the Mishrif formation consists of limestone and dolomitic limestone. While the Kifil formation is consist of the anhydrite and mud-dominated limestone.
The skeletal grains of Mishrif formation includes variety of benthos foraminifera, bivalves (Rudist) ,corals , stromatolite, algae, ostracods, gastropods, echinoderms. Non-skeletal grains are rare and authegenic minerals of pyrite and iron oxide are present. The rocks of the formation are affected by diagenesis such as dolomitization ,dissolution and recrystallization. The Kifil formation rocks do not have any skeletal grains and affected by recrystallization only .
The microfacies analysis of Mishrif formation reveals that the formation consists of: mudstone, wackestone, packstone, grainstone and boundstone deposed in the fore environments extend from for reef, back reef to: open marine, reef, shoals platform margin, restricted environment. The Kifil formation divided into tow lithological facies these are limestone and evaporite and we recognized mudstone microfacies only deposited in restricted environment and represents the Mishrif reservoir cap rocks .
The research illustrated that the upper contact of Mishrif formation is gradational and conformable with Kifl formation with evidence from a gradual changes from limestone to anhydrite. In this study was considered the evaporites and limestone to Kifil formation. The Kifil formation is presence by thickness (7m) in the Amara Oilfield .
2
AL-Nqar, Karam R. A., Sawsan H. Faisal y Yaseen S. K. . Al-Jwaini. "Microfacies Analysis of the Mishrif and Kifil Formations of Amara Oil field/South of Iraq". Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, n.º 5 (13 de septiembre de 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v24i5.865.
Resumen
The lithologic and petrographic studies of the Mishrif and Kifil formations in Amara oil field in wells AM11,AM9, AM5 was revealed that the Mishrif formation consists of limestone and dolomitic limestone. While the Kifil formation is consist of the anhydrite and mud-dominated limestone.
The skeletal grains of Mishrif formation includes variety of benthos foraminifera, bivalves (Rudist) ,corals , stromatolite, algae, ostracods, gastropods, echinoderms. Non-skeletal grains are rare and authegenic minerals of pyrite and iron oxide are present. The rocks of the formation are affected by diagenesis such as dolomitization ,dissolution and recrystallization. The Kifil formation rocks do not have any skeletal grains and affected by recrystallization only .
The microfacies analysis of Mishrif formation reveals that the formation consists of: mudstone, wackestone, packstone, grainstone and boundstone deposed in the fore environments extend from for reef, back reef to: open marine, reef, shoals platform margin, restricted environment. The Kifil formation divided into tow lithological facies these are limestone and evaporite and we recognized mudstone microfacies only deposited in restricted environment and represents the Mishrif reservoir cap rocks .
The research illustrated that the upper contact of Mishrif formation is gradational and conformable with Kifl formation with evidence from a gradual changes from limestone to anhydrite. In this study was considered the evaporites and limestone to Kifil formation. The Kifil formation is presence by thickness (7m) in the Amara Oilfield .
http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.088
3
Lazim, Aymen Adil y Hussain Sakban Dawood. "Structural geology and petrophysics analysis to Injection wells of Mishrif Formation in Shuaiba Dome – Zubair Oil Field". Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 9, n.º 3 (24 de septiembre de 2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v9i3.314.
Resumen
Mishrif formation is the one of the most important reservoir in Southern – Iraq and the injection water important to support the reservoir pressure. The current study combined the interpretations of PLT, structural geology and petro-physics to understand the distribution of the injection rate for nine injection wells to the Mishrif Formation in Shuaiba Dome (or culmination) - Zubair Oil Field. PLT analysis calculated injection rate for Mishrif Formation, structural analysis included geometric and genetic analysis, whereas petrophysics analysis used open hole logs interpretation and core data for the injection wells to determine the petro-physics characteristics (especially the distribution of porosity and permeability). The current study concluded that the injection rate, porosity and permeability of Mishrif Formation distributed unequally across it. This variation is almost regular, whereas the Upper Mishrif more than Lower Mishrif, while Middle Mishrif get the least value. The thickness of Lower Mishrif more than Upper Mishrif. This may affected by a folding mechanism due to tectonic activity (reactivated basement faults and Hormuz salt structures).
4
Al-Ameri, Thamer K., Amer Jassim Al-Khafaji y John Zumberge. "Petroleum system analysis of the Mishrif reservoir in the Ratawi, Zubair, North and South Rumaila oil fields, southern Iraq". GeoArabia 14, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2009): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia140491.
Resumen
ABSTRACT Five oil samples reservoired in the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation from the Ratawi, Zubair, Rumaila North and Rumaila South fields have been analysed using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). In addition, fifteen core samples from the Mishrif Formation and 81 core samples from the Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic have been subjected to source rock analysis and palynological and petrographic description. These observations have been integrated with electric wireline log response. The reservoirs of the Mishrif Formation show measured porosities up to 28% and the oils are interpreted as being sourced from: (1) Type II carbonate rocks interbedded with shales and deposited in a reducing marine environment with low salinity based on biomarkers and isotopic analysis; (2) Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous age based on sterane ratios, analysis of isoprenoids and isotopes, and biomarkers, and (3) Thermally mature source rocks, based on the biomarker analysis. The geochemical analysis suggests that the Mishrif oils may have been sourced from the Upper Jurassic Najma or Sargelu formations or the Lower Cretaceous Sulaiy Formation. Visual kerogen assessment and source rock analysis show the Sulaiy Formation to be a good quality source rock with high total organic carbon (up to 8 wt% TOC) and rich in amorphogen. The Lower Cretaceous source rocks were deposited in a suboxic-anoxic basin and show good hydrogen indices. They are buried at depths in excess of 5,000 m and are likely to have charged Mishrif reservoirs during the Miocene. The migration from the source rock is likely to be largely vertical and possibly along faults before reaching the vuggy, highly permeable reservoirs of the Mishrif Formation. Structural traps in the Mishrif Formation reservoir are likely to have formed in the Late Cretaceous.
5
Al-Mashhdani, Mohammed y Aiad Al-Zaidy. "Depositional and Stratigraphic Evolution of the Mishrif Formation in Eridu Oil Field, Southwestern Iraq". Iraqi Geological Journal 56, n.º 1E (31 de mayo de 2023): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.1e.3ms-2023-5-13.
Resumen
This study is achieved in the local area in Eridu oil field, where the Mishrif Formation is considered the main productive reservoir. The Mishrif Formation was deposited during the Cretaceous period in the secondary sedimentary cycle (Cenomanian-Early Turonian as a part of the Wasia Group a carbonate succession and widespread throughout the Arabian Plate. There are four association facies are identified in Mishrif Formation according the microfacies analysis: FA1-Deep shelf facies association (Outer Ramp); FA2-Slope (Middle Ramp); FA3-Reef facies (Shoal) association (Inner ramp); FA4-Back Reef facies association. Sequence stratigraphic analysis show there are three stratigraphic surfaces based on the abrupt changing in depositional environments, one of them ((Mishrif –Kifl unconformity) are regionally correlated with the other equivalent formations in surrounding countries within the Arabian Plate. And intra- Mishrif two surfaces are maximum flooding surfaces which represents the deepening up-ward association facies. Two major sequences are identified based on the behaviors of facies association within a sequence of stratigraphic boundaries and system tracts. These sequences include sequence I and sequence II.
6
Al-Atyah, Mohammed y Muwafaq Al-Shahwan. "Basin Geohistory Analysis of the Mishrif Formation in Southern Iraq". Iraqi Geological Journal 57, n.º 1E (31 de mayo de 2024): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.57.1e.8ms-2024-5-19.
Resumen
The Mishrif Formation of age (Late Cenomanian - Early Turonian) is considered one of the most important geological formations containing oil in southern Iraq. Where it was analyzed the basin geohistory through the Backstripping method, which enabled us to know the geological events that occurred during and after the deposition. Nine wells were chosen from several oil fields to cover the study area (Zb-114, R-270, WQ-17, Rt-5, Lu-2, Ns-5, Ri-1, No-2, and Hf-5), located between the eastern lines (582400-749080) and the northern lines (3534600-3357197). The mathematical models is used to predict sedimentation rates and original thicknesses of Mishrif Formation and the formations above it. It was estimated that the sedimentation rates and erosional thicknesses of the regional unconformity surfaces are located in the stratigraphic column in the study area. Mishrif Formation has characterized a moderate sedimentation rates that ranged between (2-6 cm/1000y), where increase in the northeast of the study area in the wells (Ri-1, No-2, and Hf-5), these rates an indicator to the center of the sedimentary basin. The geological burial curves show three levels of subsidence rates (fast, moderate, and low). The burial history of the Mishrif Formation. and the other formations indicated that the sedimentation rates are in a direct relationship with the total subsidence of the basin. Three regional unconformity surfaces were found which the effectiveness of the tectonic movements, it’s had strong effective to the sedimentary basin of the Mishrif Formation that exposed it to during the Cretaceous period. These movements had a major impact on shaping the sedimentary character through its influence on the process of advancement and retreat of the sea level, which formed successive depositional cycles. As the top of the Mishrif Formation was exposure to uplifting and erosion processes especially in the northeast area of study in Tigris tectonic subzone, formed the first regional unconformity surface about (89-90 Ma) ago.
7
Al-Ali, Muslim M., Maher M. Mahdi y Rasha A. Alali. "MICROFACIES AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF MISHRIF FORMATION, NORTH RUMAILA OILFIELD, SOUTHERN IRAQ". Iraqi Geological Journal 52, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.52.2.7ms-2019-12-30.
Resumen
Mishrif Formation is one of the main oil reservoirs in southern Iraq. This study analyzes the microfacies and depositional environment for Mishrif Formation in North Rumaila oilfield. The study was based on the analysis of 17 wells core. The Mishrif Formation represents deposition in a carbonate platform ramp system, with scattered patch reefs and shoals developed across the ramp margin and the platform top. It is characterized by skeletal grains (bioclasts) which are dominated such as foraminifera, rudist, calcareous Algae and other skeletal grains included mollusks shell fragments with Chondrodonta sometimes, and Echinoderms while non-skeletal grains are less abundant which are represented by Peloids and Ooids. According to the petrography analysis of Mishrif Formation, the fossils are dominated in the formation, four groups of these fossils are diagnosed, and these are Oligosteginid, Alveolinids, Dicyclina and Miliolids. Can be identified and build the sedimentary model with microfacies which apply to the Mishrif Formation. The sedimentological and stratigraphic analysis of Mishrif Formation core led to identification of 16 facies association, seven of which are found in the mB unit (lower part of the Formation) whereas they are deposited in outer ramp, mid ramp, ramp margin and lagoon, while nine in the mA unit (upper part of the formation) which are deposited in intraplate basin, mid ramp, inner ramp, ramp margin and lagoonal supra tidal.
8
Lazim, Aymen Adil y Hussain Sakban Dawood. "Comparison between Rafidhiya and Shuaiba Domes within the properties of Mishrif Formation in Zubair Field; the implication of structural Geology and petrophysical analyses". Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 10, n.º 3 (15 de noviembre de 2020): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v10i3.331.
Resumen
The current study combined both concepts of structural geology and petrophysical to understand the structural feature of Mishrif Formation and its implication on the petrophysical characterization of the formation in Shuaiba and Rafidhiya Domes (or culminations) in Zubair Field. Shuaiba and Rafidhiya are adjacent domes and these domes belong to the same Field but the domes separated by saddle may related to Basra – Zubair basement fault.
The domes have different petrophysical properties of Mishrif Formation; consequently, influenced in water and oil saturation. Therefore, the study tries to understand the structural and petrophysical position of Mishrif Formation of the domes. The structural analysis included geometric and genetic analysis, whereas petrophysical analysis used open hole logs interpretation to determine the petrophysical characteristics (especially the distribution of porosity, permeability, and water saturation.
It was concluded that may a variation in porosity and permeability of Mishrif Formation for Shuaiba and Rafidhiya domes because each dome was formed by a different folding mechanism effected on the petrophysical properties. The structural geology analysis detects that may be Shuaiba dome formed by bending fold mechanism (vertical force of salt structure), while Rafidhiya dome by buckling fold mechanism (parallel force of collision of Arabian and Eurasian plate). These mechanisms may directly be affected in permeability distribution, and consequently on oil and water saturation of Mishrif Formation. Thus, Shuaiba Dome has thinning in hinge area and extensional force leads to create fractures and karst phenomena, and as a result, high permeability in upper Mishrif. On the contrary, Rafidhiya Dome has a thickening feature and there is no indication of karst phenomena and low permeability. Therefore, the Mishrif of Shuaiba dome permeable and oil-saturated, while, it flooded with water in Rafidhiya Dome. The disconnection in reservoir pressure confirmed by difference in initial reservoir pressure of Mishrif Formation of Shuaiba Dome and recent reservoir pressure of Mishrif Formation of Rafidhiya Dome
9
AL-Zubaidi, Mahdi, Amer Al-Khafaji y Qusay Abeed. "The Mishrif Reservoir Characteristics Utilizing Well Log Data Interpretation in the Fauqi Oilfield in Maysan, Southern Iraq". Iraqi Geological Journal 55, n.º 2E (30 de noviembre de 2022): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.2e.5ms-2022-11-19.
Resumen
The Mishrif Formation was deemed the main oil reservoir in the Fauqi oilfield, southern Iraq. This paper aims to predict characteristic properties of the Mishrif Formation depending on the interpretation of well logs data. The data were collected from five wells of log images which had been digitized with Didger software version 5. 12. 1762 to be analyzed and interpreted using interactive petrophysics 3.5.1.2 software. The main lithology of the Mishrif Formation in this region was determined using standard (M-N xplot) based on the integration of density-neutron logs. The results confirmed that the Mishrif Formation is mainly composed of limestone units. A Gamma-ray log was used to estimate the shale volume in the Mishrif Formation depending on old rock function. As a result, shale volume relative to the bulk volume was about 19%, and an increasing volume was noticed in the upper reservoir, reaching the highest in the MA and MB11 units. The Mishrif Formation porosity was calculated using the interpretation of neutron, density, and sonic logs. The results showed that the Mishrif Formation is distinctive with low to medium porosity values (4.8 to 17%). The calculation of cores manifested the dominance of secondary porosity in the MB21 unit of the formation in comparison to the other stratigraphic units in the studied area. These results led to a the fact that the MB21 unit was more exposed to dissolution diagenetic processes in the south dome, which provided a good permeability integrated with the medium effective porosity, puttinh it as the main reservoir unit.
10
Mohammed, Hiba A. Kareem, Manal Sh Al-kubaisi y Ghazi Hasan Alshar’a. "Depositional Environments of the Mishrif Formation in Faihaa Oil Field, South of Iraq". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1029, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1029/1/012035.
Resumen
Abstract The Mishrif Formation is one of the Iraqi major oil reserves in southern. This formation consists of limestone deposited during a Lower Cretaceous period as part of the main series of transgression depositions. Faihaa oil field is located close to Iraqi-Iranian borders, about 50km to the north of Basra city center. The area of this field is about 900 km2. It is bordered by the north Majnoon oil field, the south Sindibad field, the west Nahr Umr field, and the east husynia Iranian field. The microfacies and depositional environment of the Mishrif Formation in the Faihaa oil field were analyzed in this study. In Mishrif Formation, this study clarified several microscopic facies; more than 273 thin sections of core samples from one well (Faihaa-1) were examined, represented by Mudstone Microfacies Wackestone Microfacies and Packstone-Wackestone Microfacies. They were analyzing diagenesis processes and identifying Mishrif Formation. The two identified diagenetic environments that affected Mishrif reservoir in an open platform and restricted platform environments. The Mishrif Formation recognized five diagenetic processes, each with positive and negative implications on the quality of the reservoir. By creating and improving porosity and permeability, dissolution and dolomitization significantly impacted reservoir quality. Compaction and cementation have negative consequences by decreasing porosity and permeability, leading to reduced reservoir quality.
11
Al-Mozan, Huda. "RESERVOIR MODELING FOR MISHRIF FORMATION IN NASIRIYAH OILFIELD". Iraqi Geological Journal 53, n.º 1E (1 de julio de 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.53.1e.1ry-2020-07-01.
12
Saleh, Dr Afrah H. "Microfacies analysis and petrographic study of the Mishrif Formation, in selected wells from southeastern of Iraq". Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 9, n.º 1 (5 de mayo de 2021): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v9i1.275.
Resumen
Mishrif carbonates formation, is a major reservoir in southeast of Iraq and is one of the principle carbonate reservoir in central and southern Iraq, which is of Late Cenomanian to Early Turronian. A petrographic and depositional Environment study has been carried out by examining available thin sections in the Ministry of Oil for wells (No-1, No-2 (Noor field), Am-1(Amara field) and Hf-1 (Halfaya field)).
The main skeletal grains of the Mishrif formation include coral, Rudist, large and small benthonic Foraminifera & planktonic Foraminifera (Planktonic Foraminifera are common in the lower part of the Mishrif Formation), ostracods, echinoderms, and molluscs. The Rudist were found in small to large fragments; and as a complete fossil covering the whole thin section. The Non-skeletal grains included peloids, and micrite.
The most important diagenetic processes affecting on the Mishrif Formation are dolomitization, dissolution, cementation, micritization, recrystallization and Stylolite.
Mishrif succession comprises six paleoenvironments which are deep marine, shallow open marine, rudist biostrome, shoal, back shoal, and lagoon.
13
Al-Rikaby, Alaa y Mohammed Al-Jawad. "Unlocking the Mysteries of the Mishrif Formation: Seismic Data Reinterpretation and Structural Analysis for Reservoir Performance Optimization in the Garraf Oil Field, Southern Iraq". Iraqi Geological Journal 57, n.º 1B (29 de febrero de 2024): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.57.1b.9ms-2024-2-18.
Resumen
The seismic survey is based on the reflected wave’s inherent nature from the interface among layers, which depends on the layer's density and velocity. This is called acoustic impedance and is used to resolve the confusion associated with the stratigraphic structure of the Mishrif formations in the Garraf oil field. The seismic section of the Garraf oil field in Thi-Qar Province, south of Iraq, was analyzed and interpreted. Considering the most important petroleum accumulation reservoir in the Garraf oil field, to update the structural images of the Mishrif Formation. A seismic study of the actual amplitude reflections, temporal maps, and three-dimensional depositional models demonstrated that the Mishrif Formation generate hydrocarbon from an individual structural trap in the presence of oil. Numerous abrupt discontinuities were observed in the seismic reflectors of the reservoir units of the Mishrif Formation, suggesting either a reef or a fault. The correct probability can be shown by establishing a historical match between the reservoir model and the actual behavior of the reservoir or by running a 3D vertical seismic profile log (VSP), which is more precise than the seismic survey previously used to explore faults.
14
Alghafour, Raafat, Manal Al-Kubaisi y Ali Jaafar. "Petrophysical Evaluation of Mishrif Formation in X oilfield, southeastern Iraq". Iraqi Geological Journal 55, n.º 2E (30 de noviembre de 2022): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.2e.6ms-2022-11-20.
Resumen
Well logs data was analyzed and used to identify reservoir properties. The Mishrif Formation was sudivided into six units (MA, MB1, MB2, MC1, MC2 and MC3) with different potential characteristics. By using the MID method and M-N cross plots to determine the rock and mineral composition of the Mishrif Formation in the X oil field, it was found through the profiles that the Mishrif Formation consists largely of limestone, little dolomite and shale. Based on the CPI results of the two wells (XA and XB)it was noted that the units BM1, BM2 and MC1 reservoir units have good petrophysical properties as they had good porosity ranging from 0.1 to 0.19 with low values of water saturation (0.3-0.79) and shale volume (0.0295-0.070) respectively). Due to these characteristics these units are considered oil-bearing areas are among the most important units in the Mishrif Formation in the X field. while the other units (MA, MC2 and MC3) are considered non-reservoir units due to It has poor petrophysical properties.
15
Abbas, Shahad, Amer Alkhalidy y Hamid Alsultan. "Microfacies Analysis and Depositional Environment of the Mishrif Formation at Selected Wells in E Oilfield, Southren Iraq". Iraqi Geological Journal 56, n.º 2A (31 de julio de 2023): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2a.13ms-2023-7-22.
Resumen
The Mishrif Formation is an important succession that was deposited during the Cenomanian–Early Turonian. More than 79 thin sections of core in addition to well log data for the Mishrif Formation from 2 boreholes within the E oilfield (E-1, and E- 2) were used to determine the different associations facies to interpret the depositional environment of the Mishrif Formation. Six major microfacies were diagnosed the Mishrif Formation, Mudstone, Wackestone, Packstone, Grainstone, Boundstone, and Rudstone and ten submicrofacies include: Bioclastic Packstone submicrofacies with rich Echinodermat, Coral and Rudist fragment and high Dolomitization, Rudstone submicrofacies with large Rudist fragment and vug porosity , Boundstone submicrofacies with very large coral, Plankton Foraminiferal Packstone submicrofacies withe Globigerinelloides and Calcispheres, Bioclastic Wackestone to Packstone submicrofacies with dolomite and calcareous algae, Peloidal Packstone with coral, pillites, pieces of Rudist and Separate-Vug pore, Bioclastic Packstone to Grainstone submicrofacies, Peloidal to Bioclastic Packstone submicrofacies, Benthonic Foraminiferal Mudstone submicrofacies, Rudist fragmented Mudstone. These microfacies were deposited in restricted, shoal, shallow open marine, rudist bioherm, and deep marine environments.
16
Abdullah, Rafea Ahmed Abdullah, Khudhair Al-Jorany Al-Jorany, Firas Mohsin Mohsin, Ahmed Imad Imad y Massara Abdulrazaq Abdulrazaq. "Edge Water Breakthrough in each of the major zones within Mishrif reservoir in West Qurna phase 1". Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 8, n.º 3 (6 de mayo de 2021): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v8i3.253.
Resumen
The Mishrif reservoir (Upper Cretaceous) considered the main discovered and developedreservoir at West Qurna I field in southern Iraq and has been on production intermittently since1999. Mishrif reservoir has been deviated into six main zones from youngest to oldest are mA,CRI, mB1, CRII, mB2 & mC.The West Qurna Phase I Field (WQI) has pressure depletion since production commenced in1999. More than 450 wells penetrated Mishrif Formation, to date, almost all of the productionhas been from the Mishrif formation (2180 to 2505 m true vertical depth, subsea) with minor oilproduction from the Lower Cretaceous Zubair formations. Geoscientist and reservoir engineersare looking for producing dry oil especially there are limited surface facilities at West Qurnaphase 1, for that purpose and as part of Reservoir Management, It was very important to monitorthe Formation & injection water movement across Mishrif reservoir with the time. Cased holelogs (Saturation logs & Production logs) and Open hole logs for new drill wells are beingintegrated to describe the water encroachment in Mishrif in order to Study behavior of aquifermovement and water injection, Validate the geologic reservoir model, assess the vertical andhorizontal water sweep & enhance perforation strategies.In West Qurna 1 (from 2010 to date) have been ran more than 500 PLTs (Production logs)and 300 PNLs (Saturation logs) and open hole logs for new drill wells, all these logs have beenanalysis and interpreted (using Geolog &Emeraude software) then were created different watermovement maps for each main productive zone mA, mB1 & mB2 in 2013, 2014 & 2016 (byPetrel).
Different water encroachment behavior among the different zones due to heterogeneity inreservoir rock quality, Integrating production rate allocated by zone with water encroachmentmaps shows excellent relationship between production and flood front by zone, the maps showedthat quicker water movement in the Meshrif reservoir compared to the model, these maps areusing for perforation strategy, and the maps will be updated periodically every 12 months.
17
Al-Heeti, Aymen M., Omar F. Al-Fatlawi y Md Mofazzal Hossain. "Evaluation of the Mishrif Formation Using an Advanced Method of Interpretation". Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 24, n.º 2 (29 de junio de 2023): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2023.2.5.
Resumen
The Mishrif Formation is one of the most important geological formations in Iraq consisting of limestone, marl, and shale layers since it is one of the main oil producing reservoirs in the country, which contain a significant portion of Iraq's oil reserves. The formation has been extensively explored and developed by the Iraqi government and international oil companies, with many oil fields being developed within it. The accurate evaluation of the Mishrif formation is key to the successful exploitation of this field. However, its geological complexity poses significant challenges for oil production, requiring advanced techniques to accurately evaluate its petrophysical properties. This study used advanced well-logging analysis techniques, including mineralogical inversion with the Quanti-Elan model employed in Schlumberger's Techlog software to evaluate this formation. The lithology, clay volume, porosity, permeability, and hydrocarbon saturation data were obtained from the open hole logging of three wells in a southern Iraqi oil field. The environmental correction was applied for open-hole logging tools, and the primary mineral of the formation was determined using porosity log cross-plotting. Pickett plot technique was utilized to determine water resistivity and Archie's parameters, and the reconstruction log was generated based on volumetric and response parameters for each component. Based on thorough analysis, the clay volume of the Mishrif formation is estimated to be about 10%, which is a common value for this rock type. The porosity was computed based on the total fluid volume, ranging from 11% to 14%, and water saturation was determined using Archie's equation. The final results of the volume of each component for rock and fluid are presented using computer programming interpretation. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the petrophysical properties of the Mishrif formation and are expected to inform for better interpretation and evaluation of petrophysical properties of similar formations, which is essential for optimum field development planning as well as minimising the uncertainties.
18
Baker, Hussain Ali, Sameer Noori AL-Jawad y Aseel Ali Abdulla. "Applied Spatial Data Analysis Technique on Petrophysical Properties of MA Unit of Mishrif Formation / Noor Field". Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 17, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2016): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2016.3.6.
Resumen
Noor oil field is one of smallest fields in Missan province. Twelve well penetrates the Mishrif Formation in Noor field and eight of them were selected for this study. Mishrif formation is one of the most important reservoirs in Noor field and it consists of one anticline dome and bounded by the Khasib formation at the top and the Rumaila formation at the bottom. The reservoir was divided into eight units separated by isolated units according to partition taken by a rounding fields.
In this paper histograms frequency distribution of the porosity, permeability, and water saturation were plotted for MA unit of Mishrif formation in Noor field, and then transformed to the normal distribution by applying the Box-Cox transformation algorithm. The spatial correlation of the transformed parameters were estimated and modeled in appropriate equation, and then the spatial distribution of the reservoir parameters were specified through Geostatistical methods.
19
Fadhil S. Kadhim y Yousif M. Al-Denainawi. "Determination of Water Saturation Based on Well Logging in Mishrif Carbonate Reservoir". Jornual of AL-Farabi for Engineering Sciences 1, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.59746/jfes.v1i1.50.
Resumen
Water saturation is calculated by many models that developed over the years based on known physical principles or on empirically derived relationships. The accurate determination of water saturation in complex carbonate reservoirs is the most challenging aspects of well log analysis. The complex formation under study is Mishrif carbonate formation which is one of the deepest hydrocarbons bearing zone in the Nasiriya oilfield in south of Iraq. The available scanned copes of well logs are digitalized by using Neurolog software. Schlumberger charts 2005 had been used for environmental corrections. These correction charts are supplied in the Interactive Petrophysics software. Simple Archie equation, Dual water model, and Indonesia model have been used to calculate water saturation of Mishrif carbonate formations. After making the environmental corrections, the porosity interpretation shows that the logging tools have a good quality of data reading. From Indonesian model, the water saturation for Mishrif formation is ranged from 0.25 to 0.41. This study is provided water saturation values with depth that should use to calculate original oil in place and detect the perforation zones in the pay zone using Interactive Petrophysics software.
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Alameedy, Usama, Ghanim Farman y Haider Al-Tamemi. "Mineral Inversion Approach to Improve Ahdeb Oil Field's Mineral Classification". Iraqi Geological Journal 56, n.º 2B (31 de agosto de 2023): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2b.8ms-2023-8-17.
Resumen
Knowledge of the mineralogical composition of a petroleum reservoir's formation is crucial for the petrophysical evaluation of the reservoir. The Mishrif formation, which is prevalent in the Middle East, is renowned for its mineralogical complexity. Multi-mineral inversion, which combines multiple logs and inversions for multiple minerals at once, can make it easier to figure out what minerals are in the Mishrif Formation. This method could help identify minerals better and give more information about the minerals that make up the formation. In this study, an error model is used to find a link between the measurements of the tools and the petrophysical parameters. An error minimization procedure is subsequently applied to determine the optimal solution. The quality curve is useful for assessing the model's reliability and data depth. Gamma rays and traditional logs both show that calcite and dolomite are the most common matrix minerals in the Mishrif Formation. The clay minerals present in the formation are smectite, illite, and glauconite. Accurate detection of mineral composition resulted in improved identification of fluid content, particularly free and bound water saturation, and, by extension, hydrocarbon saturation.
21
Taher M. Taha y Enaam J. Abdullah. "Mineralogy and geochemistry of Mishrif Formation from selected oilfield, south east of Iraq". Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 25, n.º 1 (2 de febrero de 2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v25i1.216.
Resumen
Mishrif Formation (Late Cenomanian) has been studied in four oilfields in southern Iraq, and studied samples were examined by mineralogy and geochemistry analysis using XRF and XRD techniques.
The mineralogical study reveals that dolomite and calcite are the main minerals in the rock formation in studied oil fields, whereas quartz and clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite) represent secondary minerals composition. For geochemical classification of Mishrif rock, Ca/Mg ratio was applied and this reveals that Calcitic Limestone is a major type in studied samples.
The paleo - salinity has been examined by using Ca/Mg and Mg/Ca ratios and they referred to moderate salinity during deposition. Mg/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios have been applied to measure paleo-temperature, so infer a moderate paleo-temperature for Mishrif Formation in studied samples. Based on the comparison between low Sr/Ca and the relatively high Ca/Mg ratios, infer that a dolomitization process played the main role among diagenesis processes.
22
Idan, Rami y Amani Salih. "Reservoir Quality Related to Diagenetic Development in the Carbonate Mishrif Formation: A Case Study from the X Oilfield, Southern Iraq". Iraqi Geological Journal 56, n.º 2C (30 de septiembre de 2023): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2c.8ms-2023-9-14.
Resumen
The Middle Cretaceous Mishrif Formation is considered as the main productive reservoir, southern of Iraq. The rudist-bearing productive zones are characterized by high heterogeneity due to the effects of diagenesis and the depositional environment. The Mishrif Formation represents a carbonate succession which deposited through the Middle Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Early Turonian) within the main retrogressive depositional period succession. This research is identifying the effect of each diagenetic process on the reservoir properties by using the utility of core data and thin sections collaborated with the well logs data along the wells X-46, X-41 and X-42 in the X oilfield. The Mishrif Formation have been subjected into various diagenetic processes such as micritization, neomorphism, dissolution, cementation, dolomitization and pressure solution or stylolitization. Effect of eight diagenetic processes have been recognized in the Mishrif Formation, these processes have affected constructively and destructively on the reservoir quality of the Mishrif Formation; dissolution and fractures have been affected positively, while micritization, cementation, dolomitization, compaction, bioturbation and neomorphism have a negative affect. The porosity logs (Neutron, Density and Sonic) and Gamma ray log are interpreted to find the porosity and clay content to determine the reservoir quality. The porosity results show a wide variation, the primary porosity is decreased in the well X-46 at the depth of 2300-2450 due to the cementation while the secondary porosity is enhanced due to the dissolution and fractures. In well X-42, at the depth of 2225-2400 m there is an increasing in the porosity due to the increasing of grains to clay ratio, while in the X-42 at the middle to the upper parts, the porosity is very low due to cementation, compaction and micritization processes as well as the high content of clay. In general, the porosity is enhanced in the reefal zones due to the geometry nature of the pore throat which increasing both of the effective porosity and permeability.
23
Abbas, Layla. "RESERVOIR MODELING OF MISHRIF FORMATION IN MAJNOON OIL FIELD, SOUTHERN IRAQ". Iraqi Geological Journal 53, n.º 1B (27 de marzo de 2020): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.53.1b.6rz-02/03/2020.
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Taha1, Taher M. y Enaam J. Abdullah2. "Mineralogy and geochemistry of Mishrif Formation from selected oilfield, south east of Iraq". Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 25, n.º 1 (2 de febrero de 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v25i1.939.
Resumen
Mishrif Formation (Late Cenomanian) has been studied in four oilfields in southern Iraq, and studied samples were examined by mineralogy and geochemistry analysis using XRF and XRD techniques.
The mineralogical study reveals that dolomite and calcite are the main minerals in the rock formation in studied oil fields, whereas quartz and clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite) represent secondary minerals composition. For geochemical classification of Mishrif rock, Ca/Mg ratio was applied and this reveals that Calcitic Limestone is a major type in studied samples.
The paleo - salinity has been examined by using Ca/Mg and Mg/Ca ratios and they referred to moderate salinity during deposition. Mg/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios have been applied to measure paleo-temperature, so infer a moderate paleo-temperature for Mishrif Formation in studied samples. Based on the comparison between low Sr/Ca and the relatively high Ca/Mg ratios, infer that a dolomitization process played the main role among diagenesis processes.
http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.25.2020.013
25
Hazem Hassan, Khalid y Hassan A. H. Abdul Hussien. "Estimation of rock strength from sonic log for Buzurgan oil field: A Comparison study". Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 20, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2019): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2019.1.7.
Resumen
It is very difficult to obtain the value of a rock strength along the wellbore. The value of Rock strength utilizing to perform different analysis, for example, preventing failure of the wellbore, deciding a completion design and, control the production of sand. In this study, utilizing sonic log data from (Bu-50) and (BU-47) wells at Buzurgan oil field. Five formations have been studied (Mishrif, Sadia, Middle lower Kirkuk, Upper Kirkuk, and Jaddala) Firstly, calculated unconfined compressive strength (UCS) for each formation, using a sonic log method. Then, the derived confined compressive rock strengthens from (UCS) by entering the effect of bore and hydrostatic pressure for each formation. Evaluations the result of compared rock strength generated from two wells for the same formation and match the bottom and top of this formation in two wells.
Based on the obtained results, a good agreement between values of unconfined compressive strength from well (50) and well (47) that used real along of drilling section. The net results of the match between rock strength for wells (BU-50, BU- 47) of five formations; Mishrif, Sadia, Middle lower Kirkuk, upper Kirkuk, and Jaddala were 97, 87, 96.5, 97, 86 %, respectively
26
Al Jawad, Mohammed Salih y Baraa Ziad Tariq. "Estimation of Cutoff Values by Using Regression Lines Method in Mishrif Reservoir/ Missan oil Fields". Journal of Engineering 25, n.º 2 (31 de enero de 2019): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.02.06.
Resumen
Net pay is one of the most important parameters used in determining initial oil in place of a reservoir. It can be delineated through the using of limiting values of the petrophysical properties of the reservoir. Those limiting values are named as the cutoff. This paper provides an insight into the application of regression line method in estimating porosity, clay volume and water saturation cutoff values in Mishrif reservoir/ Missan oil fields. The study included 29 wells distributed in seven oilfields of Halfaya, Buzurgan, Dujaila, Noor, Fauqi, Amara and Kumait.
This study is carried out by applying two types of linear regressions: Least square and Reduce Major Axis Regression.
The Mishrif formation was divided into three main units. They are MA, MB, and MC. The methods were applied to each unit of Mishrif formation individually and as one unit. The division of Mishrif formation into subunits led to a great improvement in the accuracy of the porosity-permeability correlations. The Results indicated that the regression lines method of defining cutoffs gives unrealistic values with the common assumption of permeability cutoff = 0.1 md.
Another assumption for permeability cutoff = 1 is made and it was chosen due to lithology and hydrocarbon type which are limestone and oil respectively. This assumption led to more realistic and higher porosity cutoff and smaller water saturation and clay volume cutoff values using the two types of regression lines.
27
Dawood, Ayhem y Salam Al-Dulaimi. "Large Benthonic Foraminifera Biozonation of Mishrif Formation at Tuba and Zubair Oilfield, Southern Iraq". Iraqi Geological Journal 56, n.º 2C (30 de septiembre de 2023): 272–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2c.20ms-2023-9-26.
Resumen
Mishrif Formation was deposited during The Cenomanian-Early Turonian, which has been studied in selected Tuba and Zubair OilFields, these wells (TU-5, TU-24, TU-40, ZB-41, ZB-42, and ZB-46) are located within Mesopotamian basin at southern Iraq and considered as a major carbonate reservoir in Iraq and the Arabian Gulf. The palaeontological investigations mainly depending on benthonic foraminifera of the studied wells of Tuba and Zubair Oilfields in Mishrif Formation, twenty-four species belonging to fourteen genera are recognized of benthonic foraminifera, which has been recognized through this study, especially benthonic foraminiferal, indicating four zones as follows:
28
Baker, Hussain Ali y Alaa Shihan Awad. "Reservoir Characterizations and Reservoir Performance of Mishrif Formation in Amara Oil Field". Journal of Engineering 23, n.º 12 (26 de noviembre de 2017): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2017.12.03.
Resumen
Mishrif Formation is the main reservoir in Amara Oil Field. It is divided into three units (MA, TZ1, and MB12). Geological model is important to build reservoir model that was built by Petrel -2009. FZI method was used to determine relationship between porosity and permeability for core data and permeability values for the uncored interval for Mishrif formation. A reservoir simulation model was adopted in this study using Eclipse 100. In this model, production history matching executed by production data for (AM1, AM4) wells since 2001 to 2015. Four different prediction cases have been suggested in the future performance of Mishrif reservoir for ten years extending from June 2015 to June 2025. The comparison has been made between these different cases to select the best case for developing the field that gives the highest recovery factor. The case-4 was chosen to be the best case involved adding 20 vertical production wells, 5 horizontal production wells and 5 vertical injection wells in the reservoir with plateau rate of 50MSTB/D in starting of prediction and dropping to reach 13.5 MSTB/D in end of the prediction and the cumulative production from the reservoir equal to 82 MMSTB and recovery factor reaching 9.06% at the end of 2025.
29
Al-Dulaimy, Salam I. M., Yasamin Kh Ibrahim y Fatima T. Abdallah. "Biozonation (Benthic Foraminifera) Of Mishrif Formation At Majnoon And Zubair Oil Fields, Southern Iraq". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 73, n.º 1 (23 de mayo de 2022): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm73202207.
Resumen
The Mishrif Formation represents a carbonate succession that deposited in major parts of the Arabian Plate during the Cenomanian stage. The formation is rich in fossils including foraminifera, rudists, and algae. This study includes determination of the biozones and biostratigraphic limits of three boreholes sections of Mishrif Formation (Cenomanian) from Majnoon and Zubair oil fields in southern Iraq within the Mesopotamian Basin. A new biostratigraphic scheme is introduced based on the study of benthic foraminifera that occur in the complete succession of Mishrif Formation. Depending on the vertical distribution of benthic foraminifera, four biozones in the studied sections have been established, they include: 1 - Miliolids Abundance Biozone that is characterized by the first appearance of miliolids to first appearance of Nezzazata conica, and include rudist, gastropoda, pelecypoda and algae, 2 - Nezzazata simplex – Nezzazata conica Concurrent Biozone (Middle Cenomanian) is distinguished by the first appearance of Nezzazata simplex, Nezzazata conica, Praealveolina cretacea, and Pseudorhapydionia laurinensis. Other associated benthic foraminifera include Nezzazata concave, Praealveolina tenuis, Chrysalidina sp., Cuneolina pavonia, Multispirina iranica, Biconcava bentori, Qataria dukhani, Dicyclina schlumbergari, Tabrina beingstani, Cisalveolina sp., and Carinoconus iraqiensis. 3 - Pseudorhapydionian laurinensis – Praealveolina cretacea Concurrent Biozone (Early Late Cenomanian) is identified by the last occurrence of Nezzazata simplex with the first occurrence of Psudorhapydionian laurinensis, and Praealveoilina cretacea, and the last occurrence of both taxa. This biozone also shows the occurrence of Cisalveolina fallax, Tabarian bingstani, Carinoconus iraqiensis, Spiroloculina sp., Chrysalidina gradata, Biconcava bentori, Qataria dukhani, Pseudotexularella sp., and Dicyclina schlumbergari. 4 - Pseudolituonella reicheli-Chrysalidina gradata Concurrent Biozone (Latest Cenomanian) is marked by the first and last occurrence of Pseudolituonella reicheli and Chrysalidina gradate. Other diagnosed foraminifera include: Spiroloculina sp., Rotalia sp., Pseudorhapydionia sp., Quinquelaculina sp., Nummulculina heimi, and Discorbis sp. Based on the stratigraphic ranges of the available fossils of the studied sections, the age of Mishrif Formation is estimated to be of Middle-latest Cenomanian.
30
Youssef, Abdulkader H., Ghaida Al-Sahlan, Khalaf A. Karam, S. R. Packer, S. P. Starkie y D. T. Stead. "Sequence stratigraphic framework of the Rumaila and Mishrif Formations, onshore Kuwait". Stratigraphy 19, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2022): 201–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29041/strat.19.4.01.
Resumen
High-resolution biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental investigations have been integrated with sedimentology and wireline log data to establish a biostratigraphically constrained depositional sequence stratigraphic framework. The Rumaila and Mishrif formations are early to middle Cenomanian to early Turonian in age. The Rumaila Formation was deposited in distal inner ramp to outer ramp settings. The Mishrif Formation was deposited in inner to middle ramp settings comprising transitional, tidal flats, lagoonal, shoal, backshoal and foreshoal sub-settings. The two formations are coincident with 3rd order depositional sequences K130 and K140. The K130 sequence boundary lies on the contact between the lagoonal, non-calcareous shale of the upper Ahmadi Formation and the carbonates and highly calcareous shale of the Rumaila Formation. The K130 transgressive systems tract is composed of a highly calcareous marine shale at the base of Rumaila Formation, which contains abundant to common nannofossils, common to rare foraminifera and ostracods. The K130 MFS is characterized by occurrence of abundant foraminifera and ostracods. The K130 highstand systems tract is comprised of interbeded mudstones, wackestones, packstones and dolomitic mudstone. The early highstand is fossiliferous, becoming progressively less fossiliferous in the late highstand. The K140 sequence boundary coincides with the Rumaila and Mishrif formational contact. The incremental increase in the abundance of deeper marine foraminiferal assemblages within the mudstone and wackestone interbeds overlying this contact indicates initiation of a marine transgressive event. A thin, regionally extensive, dark-grey, non-calcareous shale which is largely barren of microfossils and high gamma ray is considered a proxy of the global OAE 2 anoxic event of late Cenomanian to earliest Turonian age. The early highstand of K140 is composed of middle ramp mudstone to wackestone interbeds enriched in open marine planktonic and benthic foraminifera. The late highstand is represented by shoal, proximal shoal deposits enriched in coralline and rudist wackestone and packstone overlain by miliolid lagoonal wackestones underneath the K150 sequence boundary, known as pre-Aruma unconformity.
31
Zhang, Leifu, Wenqi Zhang, Yong Li, Benbiao Song, Dawang Liu, Ya Deng, Jiacheng Xu y Yuning Wang. "Sequence Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Reservoir Characteristics of the Middle Cretaceous Mishrif Formation, South Iraq". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, n.º 6 (20 de junio de 2023): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061255.
Resumen
The Cenomanian–Early Turonian Mishrif Formation is a great contributor to oil production in Iraq. Integrating petrographic, mineralogical, and wireline logging data from 52 wells, this study provides an improved understanding of the sequence stratigraphy, depositional evolution, and reservoir characteristics of the Mishrif Formation in the Mesopotamian Basin, south Iraq. Five types of facies associations are classified: lagoon, shoal, rudist bioherm, shallow marine, and deep marine. Such a classification allows convenient differentiation and interpretation of wireline logs. A sequence stratigraphic framework including five third-order sequences (Mhf 1 to Mhf 5) for the Mishrif Formation is established mainly using wireline logging data of close-distance wells, with the aid of cores and thin sections. Two end-member depositional evolution stages are recognized, from clinoform-like progradational shoal complexes in Mhf 1 within a shallow marine environment, to tidal channels in Mhf 2–3 within a lagoon environment. For Mhf 4–5, abrupt changes in facies associations from north to south indicate the development of an intra-shelf basin where organic-rich mudstones directly overlie the shallow marine grainstone shoals and lagoonal wackestones. Reservoir characteristics and compartmentalization are directly controlled by the sequence stratigraphic framework. Sequence boundaries are featured by wackestones and mudstones overprinted by cementation; they are regionally correlatable and work as regional barriers. Shoal complexes in Mhf 1 and tidal channels in Mhf 2–3 are the main reservoir units. Mudstones and wackestones are intra-reservoir baffles and become more frequently developed towards the south, reflecting the increasing water depth towards south. The characterization of the tidal channels, clinoform-like shoals, and intrashelf basinal deposits in the current study could benefit later development of the Mishrif Formation.
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Mohammad, Osama, Mahmood Al-Kubaisi y Nazar Al-Salmani. "Petrophysical Characteristics of Mishrif Formation in Q Oil Field, Southern Iraq". Iraqi Geological Journal 57, n.º 1A (31 de enero de 2024): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.57.1a.5ms-2024-1-16.
Resumen
This research aims to evaluate the quality of the Mishrif Reservoir in the Q Oilfield by analyzing limited data using modern techniques. The Mishrif Formation consists of limestone, dolomite, and shale. The reservoir is divided into two units, A and B. Data were obtained from the wireline logs, which include caliper, gamma ray, density, neutron, resistivity deep, and resistivity shallow logs, for three wells. The petrophysical characteristics were computed using the well-log evaluation technique. The results indicated that the shale volume ranges between 18.3% to 11.1%, the total porosity ranges between 16.4% to 6.6%, the effective porosity ranges between 14.6% to 3.8%, the permeability ranges between 2020.465468 to 15.623 mD, the water saturation ranges between 51.5% to 16.7%, the hydrocarbon saturation ranges between 83.3% to 48.5%, the water mass volume ranges between 11.3% to 3.4%, the net pay thickness ranges between 91.67 to 1.32 m, the oil content ranges between 12.7% to 1.8%, and the moveable oil ranges between 1.4% to 0.8%. The results revealed that the Mishrif Formation possesses favorable reservoir properties and substantial net pay thickness. The zones of excellent quality are evidenced by a porosity of 15%, permeability surpassing 2000 mD, and net pay over 90 m, affirming the presence of prolific reservoir facies. The lower unit B has superior reservoir characteristics and quality than the upper unit A.
33
Ismail, Maher J. y Fahad M. Al-Najm. "UTILIZING CORE AND NMR DATA TO IDENTIFY ROCK-TYPE AND PORE THROAT RADIUS FOR MISHRIF FORMATION IN WEST QURNA OILFIELD". Iraqi Geological Journal 52, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.52.2.4ms-2019-12-27.
Resumen
The middle Cretaceous Mishrif Formation represents the main carbonate reservoir in southern Iraq, charactered by heterogeneity and complexity vertically and laterally, this reservoir encompasses six facies that graduated from mid-ramp facies to supratidal facies. Mishrif Formation in West Qurna oilfield consists of three main reservoir units namely mA, mB1 and mB2 with two cap rocks units CRⅠ and CRⅡ. Rock type and pore throat radius govern the relationship between porosity and permeability. Porosity and permeability are important petrophysical parameters for reservoir evaluation and can be determined directly from core analysis or indirectly using the NMR logging tool. Core data from four wells and NMR data from one well were used to determine the rocks type and the pore throat radius. In this study, Lucia rocks type plot between the porosity and permeability was used to define the classes of Mishrif units’ characteristics. Rocks type of Mishrif Formation was wackestone and packstone in mB2 unit. The mB1unit exhibits increasing in the grain dominated class1. Whereas, unit mA showed a mud-dominated class 3 again. Winland plot was utilized to determine the pore throat radius depending on the mercury injection test with 35% mercury saturation. The unit mB2 marked as mesopores and macropores. Megapores and macropores attribute increased in mB1in the northern part of West Qurna oilfield unit due to increasing shoal and rudist bioherm facies, the mA unit revealed increasing in meso-porous and decreasing in mega-porous. NMR data was correlated with core data and the results supported this reservoir characteristic.
34
Alwahab, Ahmed y Ban Mustafa. "Structural and Stratigraphic Evolution of Mishrif and Ratawi Formations in Safawi Oil Field, Southern Iraq". Iraqi Geological Journal 57, n.º 1A (31 de enero de 2024): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.57.1a.7ms-2024-1-18.
Resumen
The current study intends to track and choose geological locations with prospective hydrocarbons at the Ratawi and Mishrif formation levels, in addition to looking for the possibility of showing stratigraphic trapping and assessing probable hydrocarbon resources. The research area is located in southwestern Iraq, within the administrative borders of the Najaf Governorate, in the Western Desert region. Several two-dimensional seismic survey programs Takhaded, Safawi, Qurnain, Glissan first stage and their lines TI, QN, and 1GN were employed, as well as various Glissan-Fourth stage survey lines 4GN. Two systems of faults have been identified within the study area. By performing the Instantaneous phase attribute, also there are two stratigraphic phenomena have been delineated within the Mishrif and Ratawi formations.
35
Talib, Ameer, Abdul Aaali Aldabaj y Ahmad A. Ramadhan. "Spatial Data Analysis for Geostatistical Modeling of Petrophysical Properties for Mishrif Formaiton, Nasiriya Oil Field". Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 18, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2017.3.1.
Resumen
Spatial data analysis is performed in order to remove the skewness, a measure of the asymmetry of the probablitiy distribution. It also improve the normality, a key concept of statistics from the concept of normal distribution “bell shape”, of the properties like improving the normality porosity, permeability and saturation which can be are visualized by using histograms. Three steps of spatial analysis are involved here; exploratory data analysis, variogram analysis and finally distributing the properties by using geostatistical algorithms for the properties. Mishrif Formation (unit MB1) in Nasiriya Oil Field was chosen to analyze and model the data for the first eight wells. The field is an anticline structure with northwest- southeast general trend. Mishrif Formation is the important middle cretaceous carbonate formation in the stratigraphic column of southern Iraq. The result of applying spatial data analysis showed the nature and quantitative summary of data and so it would be easy to remove the skewness and improve the normality of the petrophysical properties for suitable distribution by the algorithms. It also showed that unit MB1 in Mishrif Fromation contains good properties in which high porosity (0.182) and permeability (7.36 md) with low values of water saturation (0.285) that make it suitable for the accumulation of oil.
36
Al-Rubaye, Wisam I. Taher y Sameera Mohammed Hamd-Allah. "A High Resolution 3D Geomodel for Giant Carbonate Reservoir- A Field Case Study from an Iraqi Oil Field". Journal of Engineering 26, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 160–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.01.12.
Resumen
Constructing a fine 3D geomodel for complex giant reservoir is a crucial task for hydrocarbon volume assessment and guiding for optimal development. The case under study is Mishrif reservoir of Halfaya oil field, which is an Iraqi giant carbonate reservoir. Mishrif mainly consists of limestone rocks which belong to Late Cenomanian age. The average gross thickness of formation is about 400m. In this paper, a high-resolution 3D geological model has been built using Petrel software that can be utilized as input for dynamic simulation. The model is constructed based on geological, geophysical, pertophysical and engineering data from about 60 available wells to characterize the structural, stratigraphic, and properties distribution along the reservoir. Fourteen geological surfaces for all Mishrif units have been generated based on well tops data and top Mishrif structural map. The reservoir has been divided into 163 sublayers through the vertical direction and 160*383 grid cells in x-y direction with 9,988,640 total grid cells. A scale up process are performed for well log data, then, Sequential Gaussian Simulation algorithm are applied to fill 3D grid cells with properties values in areas away from wells. Pertophysical properties distribution for all reservoir zones are analyzed. The estimated initial oil in place of Mishrif through this model is close to that calculated in other previous studies.
37
Ali, Madyan H., Rafid N. Rajab y Mahmood J. Al-Khafaji. "Determination of Petrophysical Parameters using Well Logs for Mishrif Formation in F Oil Field Southern Iraq". Iraqi Geological Journal 55, n.º 1D (30 de abril de 2022): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.1d.5ms-2022-04-21.
Resumen
This research aims to identify and analyze the Mishrif Formation's reservoir units and subunits in the F oilfield, located north of the Nasiriya using mostly well-logging data and other accessible geological data. The Petrophysical and lithological parameters of each unit of the Mishrif Formation are determined using data from the F-X1, F-X2, and F-X3 wells to evaluate the water saturation for each unit. GEOLOG8 software was used to interpret output data. High reservoir potential is found in units M1.2, L1.1, L1.2 and L2 due to the high effective porosity and low water saturation. The reservoir units are separated by cap units including marl key beds and units M1.1, M2.
38
Handhal, Amna M. Handhal, Abdulhuseein N. Shnawa Al-Atabi Al-Atabi y Fadia Waleed Majeed Majeed. "Computation of cementation factor and saturation exponent for selected oil fields in southern Iraq". Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 8, n.º 3 (6 de mayo de 2021): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v8i3.255.
Resumen
This study aims to calculate cementation factor and water saturation exponent for fourdifferent lithological formations from different oil fields in south of Iraq and compare theresults with typical values of these reservoir parameters. The formations that being selectedfor this study are: Yamama Formation in West Quran (WQ-60 well), Zubair Formation insouth Rumaila (Ru-64 well), Nahr Umr Formation in Luhais oil field (Lu-5 well), andMishrif Formation in Tuba oil field (Tu-4 well). The cementation factor for clasticformations (Zubair and Nuhr Umr) was calculated via Wyllie (1949) and He (2005)empirical equations. It is found that the value of this parameter is estimated to be 1.1 and1.90 m for the Zubair formation using Wyllie equation and is equal to 2.4 and 1.6 m forNahr Umr Formation according to the He equation. For the carbonate formations (Yamamaand Mishrif), the cementation factor was estimated using Borai (1987) and Focke andMunn (1987) equations. This parameter was equal to 1.3 for both formations according toFocke and Munn (1978) and estimated to be 1.95 and 1.98 for Yamama and Mishrifformations according to equation developed by the Borai. The calculated saturationexponent was 2.5, 2, 2.21 and 0.5 in Zubair, Nahr Umr, Mishrif, and Yamama formations,respectively. The new calculated values were then applied in the Archi equation to estimatewater saturation. The obtained results were compared with that calculated in laboratory(from core). Results showed that Wyille equation is better than the He equation. The finalresult confirmed that Wyllie equation is more accurate than He equation for calculatingcementation factor in sandstone, while Borai equation was more accurate than Focke andMunn equations for the cementation factor in limestone rocks.
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Almalikee, Hussein Saeed, Hayder Kadhim Almayyahi y Methaq Khazal Al-Jafar. "Karst feature in Mishrif Reservoir and effect on drilling and production in Zubair oil field, Southern Iraq". Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 10, n.º 4 (21 de diciembre de 2020): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v10i4.365.
Resumen
Karst features in the upper part of Mishrif carbonate reservoir can commonly create substantial vugs, pores and fissures and, thus, increasing the porosity and enhancing reservoir connectivity and permeability, this features were formed normally as a result of the carbonate rocks dissolution under the action of meteoric waters during very long periods of emersion spanning from Late Cenomanian to Turonian (about 4.5 Million years). This study deals with the presence of the karst features in Zubair oil field, southern Iraq, where Karst features were observed in the center and northern parts of the field close to the top of Mishrif Formation in most of the cored wells. Characterization of that feature can be achieved from static data at wellbore scale from core, and logs (conventional and non-conventional), and dynamic data such as mud losses, well tests combined with production logs (PLT) in addition to Seismic data. Beside the positive and economic effect of Karst, there is negative effect which includes causing mud losses during drilling in Mishrif Formation because of low reservoir pore pressure, Therefore, acid soluble cement plugs were used to heal that losses to continue drilling.
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Saleh, Afrah Hassan. "Depositional Environment and Diagenesis processes impact on the carbonate rock quality: a case study, southeastern of Iraq". Iraqi Journal of Science 60, n.º 5 (26 de mayo de 2019): 1104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2019.60.5.19.
Resumen
Deposition environment and diagenesis processes are very important factors which affect and control the reservoir properties. The carbonate Mishrif Formation has been selected as a carbonate reservoir in selected wells from southeastern Iraq to understand the influence of the Deposition environment and diagenesis processes on the carbonate reservoir. A core examination of thin sections, shows that Mishrif Formation comprises of six depositional environments, these are: deep marine, lagoon, rudist biostrome, back shoal, and shallow open marine. These environments have effect by many diagenetic processes, including dolomitization, dissolution, micritization, cementation, recrystallization and Stylolite, some of these processes have improved the reservoir properties of the Mishrif reservoir, these are: dissolution, dolomitization and the stylolization. The others diagenetic processes have negative influence on the Petrophysical properties, such as cementation, compaction, and recrystallization processes, which damage the porosity and decrease the pore size. The reservoir properties are controlled by deposition environment, where lagoon environment is mostly compact with low porosity, shoal environment reflects a high energy and grain-supported environment and has good reservoir potential, deep-marine environments consist of mudstone to wackestone, which represents low energy level with low porosity and represents the non-reservoir environment.
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Hoseinpour, Masoud y Mohammad Ali Riahi. "Determination of the mud weight window, optimum drilling trajectory, and wellbore stability using geomechanical parameters in one of the Iranian hydrocarbon reservoirs". Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 12, n.º 1 (8 de diciembre de 2021): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01399-5.
Resumen
AbstractThe challenges behind this research were encountered while drilling into the Ilam, Mauddud, Gurpi, and Mishrif Formations, where severe drilling instability-related issues were observed across the weaker formations above the reservoir intervals. In this paper, geomechanical parameters were carried out to determine optimum mud weight windows and safe drilling deviation trajectories using the geomechanical parameters. We propose a workflow to determine the equivalent mud window (EMW) that resulted in 11.18–12.61 ppg which is suitable for Gurpi formation and 9.36–13.13 ppg for Ilam and Mishrif Formations, respectively. To estimate safe drilling trajectories, the Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) parameters were determined. These parameters illustrate an optimum drilling trajectory angle of 45° (Azimuth 277°) for the Ilam to Mauddud Formations and less than 35° for the Gurpi Formation. Our analysis reveals that maximum horizontal stress and Poisson’s ratio have the most impact on determining the optimum drilling mud weight windows and safe drilling deviation trajectories. On the contrary, vertical stress and Young’s modulus have minimum impact on drilling mud weight windows and safe drilling deviation trajectories. This study can be used as a reference for the optimal mud weight window to overcome drilling instability issues in future wellbore planning in the study.
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Mohammed, Mohammed Saeed, Dr Abdul Aali Al Dabaj y Dr Samaher AbdilRassol Lazim. "Artificial Lift Design of Mishrif Formation in Nasiriyah Oil Field". Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 9, n.º 2 (23 de junio de 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v9i2.288.
Resumen
The possibility of improving the oil production rate for Mishrif formation in Nasiriyah oil field, located in Thi-Qar Governorate – southern province of Iraq, proposed in this paper. Electrical submersible pump (ESP) and gas lift techniques were applied to one well (NS-Y) in the studied reservoir. Firstly, the mathematical model has been built and validation has been done using PIPESIM software in order to select the best correlation (Duns & Ros correlation) for the pressure gradient calculation in the wellbore. The effect of decreasing reservoir pressure and increasing water cut on production rate has been studied through the evaluation of the well performance. The production rate was decreased to 1917 STB/D when reservoir pressure reached to 2750 psi, and flow rate decreased to 1210 at water cut 60%. Therefore, the artificial lift techniques were applied to increase the oil production rate. The result showed that Gas lift system contributed to increase production rate to (3198) STB/D at reservoir pressure equal to 2750 psi, while using the ESP system improved oil production rate to (2800) STB/D at reservoir pressure 2750 psi. The results also showed that gas lift system contributed to increase production rate to (3805) STB/D at water cut 60% and ESP raised the production rate to 3087 STB/D at water cut 60%. The comparison between them showed that the gas lift technique gave the highest production rate at different reservoir pressure and water cut.
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Dawood, Ayhem A. y Salam I. M. Al-Dulaimi. "Microfacies Analysis of the Mishrif Formation (Mid-Cretaceous) at the Tuba and Zubair Oilfields, Southern Iraq". IRAQI BULLETIN OF GEOLOGY AND MINING 20, n.º 1 (27 de abril de 2024): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.59150/ibgm2001a01.
Resumen
The Cenomanian-Early Turonian Mishrif Formation, which has been studied in selected Oilfields of Tuba Well (TU-5, TU-24, TU-40) and Zubair Well (ZB-41, ZB-42, and ZB-46), which are located in the Mesopotamian basin, southern Iraq, and considered major carbonate reservoir in Iraq and the Arabian Gulf. Seven microfacies types are identified showing that Mishrif formation deposited in five sedimentary facies: 1. Basin Facies Associations; 2. Deep Marine Facies Associations: Bioclast pelagic foram mudstone-wackestone; 3. Shallow Open Marine Facies Associations: Foraminiferal bioclastic wackestone-packstones; 4. Rudisted Reef Facies Associations; 5. Shoal Facies Associations: Peloidal packstone-grainstone; 6.aBack-shoal Facies Association: a. Foraminiferal-bioclastic wackestone-packstone, b. Rudisted-foraminiferal wackestone-packstone; 7. Lagoon Facies Associations: a. Fossiliferous mudstone-wackestone, b. Bioclast foraminiferal wackestone, c. Benthic foraminiferal wackestone.
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Al-Banna, Ahmed, Hiba Tareq y Ghazi Al-Sharaa. "New Equations to Determine Shear Velocity from Compressional Velocity in Hf-2 Well, Halfaya Oil Field". Iraqi Geological Journal 55, n.º 1B (28 de febrero de 2022): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.1b.4ms-2022-02-20.
Resumen
The most important characters of the rock formations are shear and compression velocities, which are used to calculate elastic moduli. The geomechanical properties can be used to evaluate reservoir stability or to calibrate velocity and time/depth conversion, synthetic seismogram and other important applications. The aim of this study is to use the first order least square method to obtain an empirical equation to determine the shear velocity from compressional velocity for Mishrif, Rumaila, Ahmadi, and Mauddud formations in Hf-2 well. The obtained equations depend on sonic log and dipole shear sonic imager data of Hf-2 well and use Techlog software. The results from the obtained equations in comparison with those results of Green Castagna equation and measured data of dipole shear sonic imager of shear velocity for Mishrif, Rumiala and Mauddud formations. It is found from the comparison that the result is consistent each other’s. The consistent reflect the reality of shear waves values obtained in these formations. The comparison in Ahmadi formation also shows a consistent result for the obtained equations but it shows some differences from the dipole shear sonic imager and shear velocity reference values. The authors believed that the difference in some values of the Ahmadi Formation may be due to the high shale volume in comparison to the other formations.
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Jaafar, Ali Duair y Dr Medhat E. Nasser. "The Evaluation of Reservoir Quality of Mishrif Formation in South and North Domes of Buzurgan Oil Field". Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 9, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v9i4.324.
Resumen
Buzurgan field in the most cases regards important Iraqi oilfield, and Mishrif Formation is the main producing reservoir in this field, the necessary of so modern geophysical studies is necessity for description and interpret the petrophysical properties in this field.
Formation evaluation has been carried out for Mishrif Formation of the Buzurgan oilfield depending on logs data. The available logs data were digitized by using Neuralog software.
A computer processed interpretation (CPI) was done for each one of the studied wells from south and north domes using Techlog software V2015.3 in which the porosity, water saturation, and shale content were calculated. And they show that MB21 reservoir unit has the highest thickness, which ranges between (69) m in north dome to (83) m in south dome, and the highest porosity, between (0.06 - 0.16) in the north dome to (0.05 -0.21) in the south dome. The water saturation of this unit ranges between (25% -60%) in MB21 of north dome. It also appeared that the water saturation in the unit MB21 of south dome has the low value, which is between (16% - 25%).
From correlation, the thickness of reservoir unit MB21 increases towards the south dome, while the thickness of the uppermost barrier of Mishrif Formation increases towards the north dome. The reservoir unit MB21 was divided into 9 layers due to its large thickness and its important petrophysical characterization. The distribution of petro physical properties (porosity and water saturation) has shown that MB 21 has good reservoir properties.
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Al-Dujaili, Ahmed N., Mehdi Shabani y Mohammed S. AL-Jawad. "Characterization of flow units, rock and pore types for Mishrif Reservoir in West Qurna oilfield, Southern Iraq by using lithofacies data". Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, n.º 11 (17 de septiembre de 2021): 4005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01298-9.
Resumen
AbstractThis study has been accomplished by testing three different models to determine rocks type, pore throat radius, and flow units for Mishrif Formation in West Qurna oilfield in Southern Iraq based on Mishrif full diameter cores from 20 wells. The three models that were used in this study were Lucia rocks type classification, Winland plot was utilized to determine the pore throat radius depending on the mercury injection test (r35), and (FZI) concepts to identify flow units which enabled us to recognize the differences between Mishrif units in these three categories. The study of pore characteristics is very significant in reservoir evaluation. It controls the storage mechanism and reservoir fluid properties of the permeable units while pore structure is a critical controlling factor for the petrophysical properties and multiphase-flow characteristics in reservoir rocks. Flow zone indicator (FZI) has been used to identify the hydraulic flow units approach (HFUs). Each (HFU) was reproduced by certain FZI and was supposed to have similar geological and petrophysical properties. The samples were from four lithofacies, mA, CRII, mB1, and mB2. Because of the wide range of cored-wells samples (20 wells), this paper is updated the previous studies and indicated some differences in the resulting categories. It was noticed as results of this study that the rocks types of the lower Mishrif were mostly ranged from wackestone to packstone in the upper part of mB2 which reflected mid-ramp facies while the upper part of mB2 referred to shoal facies and for the mB1 unit the rocks types mostly range from packstone to grainstone with some points as wackestone marked as shoal and rudist bioherm facies. Grainstone relatively decreases with the increasing of depth from upper to lower Mishrif while wackestone and packstone indicated increasing in the same direction. The unit mA is marked as mesopores and macropores, while megapores and macropores feature increased in mB1 which has been noticed in the northern part of West Qurna oilfield due to increasing shoal and rudist bioherm facies, the mB2 unit revealed increasing in mesoporous and decreasing in megaporous. The upper Mishrif (mA) has three flow units, while the lower Mishrif (mB1, mB2) has eight flow units four for each reservoir unit.
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Tareq, Hiba. "Lithological Study of Mishrif, Rumaila, Ahmadi and Mauddud Formations Using Vp/ Vs Ratio, Acoustic Impedance and Well Logging at Amara Oil Field, Southern Iraq". Iraqi Geological Journal 54, n.º 2D (31 de octubre de 2021): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.54.2d.4ms-2021-10-23.
Resumen
The lithology of four formations from the Cretaceous period (Mishrif, Rumaila, Ahmadi, and Mauddud) was evaluated using the Acoustic Impedance and Vp/Vs ratio cross plot from Rock Physics Templates. Dipole sonic logs in Am-6-Am-10 well log were used to calculate compression velocity then the estimated shear velocity using Greenberg Castagna equations. RHOB and VP logs were used to calculate Acoustic Impedance. The ratio of Vp/Vs was measured then used with Acoustic Impedance colored by shale volume which is measured from gamma ray log, porosity and water saturation to estimate lithology type of the considered formations using cross plots and rock physics chart in the Techlog software. The lithology of the formations found to be of high porosity limestone alternating with hard limestone layers and the shale volume increases in the Ahmadi formation. The water bearing zone was found in all Formations, this zone is indicted by high Vp/ Vs ratio and low AI. The hydrocarbon bearing zones were indicated by low amount of both Acoustic Impedance and Vp/Vs ratio and this observation was shown in Mishrif and Mauddud formations.
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Awadeesian, Awadees M. R., Sameer N. A. Al-Jawad, Salih M. Awadh y Mjeed M. Al-Maliki. "CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHICALLY BASED RESERVOIR MODEL FOR CENOMANIAN CARBONATES, SOUTHEASTERN IRAQ OILFIELDS". Iraqi Geological Journal 51, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.51.2.1ms-2018-12-23.
Resumen
The Cenomanian – Turronian sedimentary succession in the south Iraq oil fields, including Ahmadi, Rumaila, Mishrif and Khasib formations have undergone into high-resolution reservoir-scale genetic sequence stratigraphic analysis. Some oil-wells from Majnoon and West-Qurna oil fields were selected as a representative case for the regional sequence stratigraphic analysis. The south Iraqi Albian – Cenomanian – Turronian succession of 2nd-order depositional super-sequence has been analyzed based on the Arabian Plate chronosequence stratigraphic context, properly distinguished by three main chrono-markers (The maximum flooding surface, MFS-K100 of the upper shale member of Nahr Umr Formation, MFS-K140 of the upper Mishrif carbonates, and MFS-K150 of the lower Khasib shale member).Three 3rd-order genetic mega-sequences were embraced between the cited chrono-markers. The markers have been considered as regional key-surfaces for the Late Albian – Cenomanian to Early Turonian and Late Turonian to Early Coniacian stratigraphy of the south Iraqi oil fields. Eight 4th-order genetic meso-sequences (MS1 to MS8) have been established, comprising multiple 5th-order high-frequency (HF) lithofacies cycles, successively arranged in the mega-sequences without disturbance. MFS-K135 (this study), MFS-K140, MFS-K150 and Seven successive regional chrono-markers [MFS-K120, MFS-K125 (this study), MFS-K130, and MFS-K160 of upper Khasib shale member] started from lower Ahmadi shale member, identify these meso-sequences. Associated fifteen key-surfaces (K121, K122, K123, K124, K125, K126, K127, K128, K129, K131, K132, K133, K134, K141 & K142) have been described as well. The meso-sequence 1 signifies Ahmadi lithofacies buildups, whereas; the other meso-sequences represent Mishrif lithofacies buildups. The Rumaila carbonates come across the first HST-unit of the meso-sequence 2. The meso-sequence 8 represents the Khasib carbonate facies buildups. The depositional super-sequence is terminated by type-1 sequence boundary SB-K150 at the top of the Mishrif Formation, created by maximum regression (MR). The study declares 15 reservoir syn-layers and 9 non-reservoir layers; each is essentially characterized by HF-single-lithofacies-cycle and lateral continuity pattern. This syn-layer model can be used as sequence steering technique for carbonates heterogeneity aspects, in the south Iraqi oil fields to control fluid dynamics in primary and secondary development projects.
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陈, 培元. "Pore Evolution of Reservoirs of Mishrif Formation in Missan Oilfields, Iraq". Advances in Geosciences 06, n.º 06 (2016): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ag.2016.66051.
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Alkamil, Ethar H. K., Husam R. Abbood, Ralph E. Flori y Andreas Eckert. "Case study of wellbore stability evaluation for the Mishrif Formation, Iraq". Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 164 (mayo de 2018): 663–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.01.018.