Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Minor cognitive disorderss"
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Monahan, R., A. Blonk, H. Middelkoop, M. Kloppenburg, T. Huizinga, N. Van der Wee y G. M. Steup-Beekman. "POS0708 PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT PHENOTYPES OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (NPSLE)". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (19 de mayo de 2021): 603.2–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.423.
Resumen
Background:Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may present with psychiatric disorders. These are important to recognize, as they influence quality of life and treatment outcomes and strategies.Objectives:We aimed to study the frequency of psychiatric morbidity as classified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) in patients with SLE and neuropsychiatric symptoms of different origins.Methods:In the neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) clinic of the Leiden University Medical Center, patients undergo a standardized multidisciplinary assessment by a neurologist, neuropsychologist, vascular internal medicine, rheumatologist, physician assistant and psychiatrist. After two weeks, a multidisciplinary consensus meeting takes place, in which the symptoms are attributed to SLE requiring treatment (major NPSLE) or to minor involvement of SLE or other causes (minor/non-NPSLE). Consecutive patients visiting the NPSLE clinic between 2007-2019 were included. Data of psychiatric evaluation and current medication use were extracted from medical records. The presence of cognitive dysfunction was established during formal neuropsychological assessment.Results:371 consecutive SLE patients were included, of which 110 patients had major NPSLE (30%). Mean age was 44 ± 14 years and 87% was female.The most frequently diagnosed psychiatric disorders in the total group were cognitive dysfunction (42%) and depression (23%), as shown in Table 1. Furthermore, anxiety was present in 5% and psychotic disorders in 4% of patients. In patients with minor/non-NPSLE, especially depression (26% vs 15%) and anxiety (6% vs 2%) were more common than in major NPSLE. Cognitive dysfunction (54% vs 36%) and psychotic disorders (6% vs 4%) were more common in patients with major NPSLE than minor/non-NPSLE.Psychiatric medication was used in 33% of patients, of which antidepressants and benzodiazepines the most frequently (both: 18% in both subgroups). Antipsychotics were more often used in patients with NPSLE (10% vs 7%) and benzodiazepines more often in minor/non-NPSLE (20% vs 14%).In addition, 17 patients (5%) had a history of suicide attempt, which was more common in patients with minor/non-NPSLE than major NPSLE (6% vs 2%).Conclusion:Psychiatric morbidity, especially cognitive dysfunction and depression, are common in patients with lupus and differ between underlying cause of the neuropsychiatric symptoms (minor/non-NPSLE vs major NPSLE).Table 1.Presence of psychiatric diagnoses in patients with SLE and neuropsychiatric symptomsAll patients(n = 371)Minor/non-NPSLE(n = 261)Major NPSLE(n = 110)DSM V diagnosis, n (%)Neurodevelopmental disorder5 (1)2 (1)3 (2)Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders16 (4)10 (4)6 (6)Bipolar and related disorders7 (2)5 (2)2 (2)Depressive disorders84 (23)68 (26)16 (15)Anxiety disorders17 (5)15 (6)2 (2)Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders1 (0)1 (0)0 (0)Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders16 (4)12 (5)4 (3)Dissociative Disorders2 (1)2 (1)0 (0)Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders1 (0)1 (0)0 (0)Feeding and Eating Disorders0 (0)1 (0)0 (0)Elimination Disorders0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)Sleep-wake disorders2 (1)2 (1)0 (0)Sexual dysfunctions0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)Gender dysphoria0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)Substance-related and addictive disorders9 (2)8 (3)1 (1)Cognitive dysfunction154 (42)95 (36)59 (54)Personality disorders10 (3)9 (3)1 (1)Paraphilic disorders0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)Other mental disorders12 (3)7 (3)5 (5)Medication-Induced Movement Disorders and Other Adverse Effects of Medication0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)Unknown3 (1)3 (1)0 (0)NPSLE = neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Aguilar-Navarro, Sara Gloria, Alberto José Mimenza-Alvarado, Rafael Martínez-Sánchez, Silvia Mejía-Arango, Lidia Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez y José Alberto Ávila-Funes. "Spanish validation and cultural adaptation of the Five-Word Test for the detection of the neurocognitive disorder in older adults". Salud mental 42, n.º 6 (27 de diciembre de 2019): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2019.037.
Resumen
Introduction. “Episodic” memory problems are common in people with cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders. Dubois et al. developed the Five-Word Test (5WT) to evaluate episodic memory, which has proved to be an easy and valid test for identifying cognitive disorders. However, its validation and cultural adaptation from French to Spanish has not been undertaken and its usefulness in Mexican population is unknown. Objective. Validation and cultural adaptation of the 5WT for screening minor and major neurocognitive disorder (ND) in Mexican older adults with probable Alzheimer’s disease. Method. Two hundred and fifteen participants (70 cognitively healthy subjects, 73 with minor ND and 72 with major ND were included). The cognitive status (gold standard) was determined using current clinical criteria and neuropsychological evaluation. The Spearman coefficient, ROC curve, and multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the concurrent validity of the 5WT. Results. The correlation between the 5WT and the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) was .58, whereas for the clock face test it was -.37 (p < .001). The area under the 5WT curve was .97 (95% CI [.94, .99]), with a cut-off point of ≤ 16/20 for the diagnosis of major ND (89% sensitivity, 98% specificity) and .77 (95% CI [.70, .85]) for minor ND with a cut-off point of ≤ 18/20 (66% sensitivity, 77% specificity). Discussion and conclusion. Since the 5WT is a simple, valid instrument for the identification of neurocognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, it could be a practical screening test.
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Wuthrich, Viviana M. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Cognitively Intact Older Adults". Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 31, n.º 1 (2017): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.31.1.57.
Resumen
This article discusses potential adaptations to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) needed when working with older adults. Although CBT has been demonstrated to be efficacious in older anxious populations in meta-analyses, more research is needed to better understand the efficacy of CBT for the individual anxiety disorders, for older adults aged 80 years and older, and the efficacy of individual CBT elements. Despite normal age-related reductions in cognitive and physical abilities, most research suggests that only minor adaptations to CBT, if any, are needed for older adults. More significant adaptations relate to therapist attitudes and beliefs rather than the pragmatic CBT delivery, for example, negative attitudes related to aging and the likely benefit of CBT. Despite normal age-related declines in some cognitive domains, research to date suggests that normal cognitive changes do not significantly impact on treatment outcomes over the course of CBT; a case example is presented.
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Botero-Rodríguez, Felipe, Ana Melisa Córdoba Sastoque, José Manuel Santacruz Escudero y Hernando Santamaría-García. "Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Neurocognitive Disorder and Their Performance Between Mild and Major Stages". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 85, n.º 4 (15 de febrero de 2022): 1735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-215283.
Resumen
Background: The neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in patients with neurocognitive disorders (NCD) increases the risk of exhibiting significant cognitive and functional decline. However, to the best of our knowledge, few studies have evaluated to what extent the presence of chronic and early NPS impacts cognition and functionality in patients with minor or major stages of NCD. Objective: We aimed to assess the interplay between early and chronic NPS and cognitive and functional presentation of patients with mild and major forms of NCD. Methods: We used two NPS tools tracking early and late NPS and assessed to what extent they determine cognitive and functional outcomes in patients with mild and major forms of NCD. Results: We found an inverse relationship between the presence of NPS, as measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C), and cognitive and functional variables in major forms of NCD. In contrast, the minor stage of NCD was associated with increased MBI-C scores. Conclusion: Our results revealed that NPS are associated with cognitive and functional outcomes in mild and chronic forms of NCD. Crucially our results suggest that NPS could be considered as a pathological marker of the clinical course of dementia. Additionally, our study calls to study early and late forms of NPS as both impact cognition and functionality of NCD.
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Filippova, N. V., A. A. Shuldyakov, V. I. Eremin, Y. B. Barylnik, K. K. Ramazanova, A. N. Smagina, N. A. Sheshina y A. A. Zhuk. "REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS AFTER COVID-19 WITH MINOR (PREDEMENTAL) COGNITIVE DISORDERS". Современные проблемы науки и образования (Modern Problems of Science and Education), n.º 2 2023 (2023): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/spno.32564.
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Macedo Soares, Lara y Marcelo Adrián Estrin. "Cognitive impact of chronic opioid use: A systematic review". SCT Proceedings in Interdisciplinary Insights and Innovations 1 (10 de noviembre de 2023): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/piii2023151.
Resumen
Background: The impact of chronic opioid use has been linked to a wide range of cognitive disorders, ranging from minor deficits in cognitive abilities such as attention, learning, memory and executive functions. The objective of this work is to carry out a systematic review to investigate the cognitive impact in patients who chronically use opioids and to evaluate the severity of this impact. Material and methods: Randomized clinical trials, case-control studies, prospective and retrospective cohorts werw evaluated in two databases: PubMed and Cochrane Central. The search in english, spanish and portuguese languages of stududies carried out in adult humans an chronic use of opioids and their cognitive impact. Results: 7 studies were selected, 5 of wich the patients used Tramadol and the negative cognitive impact was verified, 1 study with the use of Tapentadol with a positive impact on cognition and 1 study with the use of Hydrocodone with a positive impact on neurocognition of the patients. Conclusion: (In conclusion, despite the limitations found here, we consider that tramadol has a negative impact on neurocognition, which does not occur in relation to tapentadol and hydrocodone, which presents an improvement in the quality of life and cognition of patients
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AIRAKSINEN, E., M. LARSSON, I. LUNDBERG y Y. FORSELL. "Cognitive functions in depressive disorders: evidence from a population-based study". Psychological Medicine 34, n.º 1 (enero de 2004): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703008559.
Resumen
Background. Most of the available evidence on the effects of depression is based on in- and out-patient samples focusing on individuals suffering from major depression. The aims of this study were to examine cognitive functioning in population-based samples and to determine whether cognitive performance varies as a function of depression subgroup.Method. Population-based samples (aged 20–64 years) with major depression (N=68), dysthymia (N=28), mixed anxiety-depressive disorder (N=25) and minor depression (N=66) were examined on a variety of cognitive tasks (i.e. episodic memory, verbal fluency, perceptual-motor speed and mental flexibility). One hundred and seventy-five non-depressed individuals served as controls.Results. The total group of depressed individuals showed impairments in tasks tapping episodic memory and mental flexibility. Of more interest, however, was the observation that the pattern of impairments varied as a function of depression subgroup: the major depression and mixed anxiety-depressive disorder groups exhibited significant memory dysfunction, whereas individuals with dysthymia showed pronounced difficulties in mental flexibility. Minor depression did not affect cognitive performance. Verbal fluency and perceptual-motor speed were not affected by depression.Conclusions. These results indicate that persons with depressive disorders in the population exhibit cognitive impairments in tasks tapping episodic memory and mental flexibility and that cognitive impairment varies as a function of depressive disorder.
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Shishkova, V. N. "Place of arterial hypertension in brain lesion development - from minor cognitive disorders to dementia". Systemic Hypertension 11, n.º 1 (15 de marzo de 2014): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/sg29008.
Resumen
He problem of cognitive impairment in patients with somatic diseases today occupies a leading position, as it represents one of the most widespread manifestations of organic brain damage. The role of arterial hypertension(AH) in the formation of cognitive impairment (CI) has been shown in large epidemiological studies. CI detected in 73% of patients of both middle and senior age with hypertension duration of more than 5 years. Early detection of potentially treatable cognitive disorders is one of the most important tasks of the modern practitioner, cardiologist, endocrinologist, family doctor, as the patients in the early stages of CI constitute the majority of people seeking help. In today's world, primary care physicians' actions are often crucial in the prediction of dementia, since the detection of early forms of non-dementia CI and timely and adequate treatment of cardiovascular disease, especially hypertension, is often enough for the severity of the CI patients was significantly decreased, and dementia never came.
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Vasilevsky, S. S. y T. L. Alenskaya. "PHYTOTHERAPY IN THE REHABILITATION OF MILD AND MODERATE COGNITIVE DISORDERS". Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 21, n.º 3 (julio de 2023): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2023-21-3-215-221.
Resumen
An increase in life expectancy creates prerequisites for the appearance of more patients with cognitive impairments. Early diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of cognitive disorders improves the quality of life of patients, prevents the development of dementia, and is of great social importance. Herbal medicines are highly effective in the treatment of mild and moderate cognitive impairment, affect various links of pathogenesis, have minor side effects. The most effective of them are: galantamine from snowdrop tubers; hyperzine from sawtooth grass; ginkgo two-lobed flavanoids; biologically active substances of medicinal sage and periwinkle.
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Munteanu, Valentin, Ionut Luca-Husti, Teodora Camelia Coman y Alexandru Vlad Ciurea. "Differential diagnostic problems in elderly chronic subdural hematoma patients". Romanian Neurosurgery 30, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2016): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/romneu-2016-0030.
Resumen
Abstract Chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) are recognized as common in older people (over 70 years). They are produced in minor injuries (falls on the same level). These CSDH have minor symptoms (headache, memory disorders, balance disorders, cognitive disorders, etc. and are classified as signs for the onset of dementia, circulatory failure - basilar vertebra, Alzheimer, etc. A simple brain CT scan can highlight these hematomas and a neurosurgical intervention will achieve extremely favorable prognosis. There are many pitfalls in the differential diagnosis of CSH especially with strokes being so common at this age.
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Poptsi, Eleni, Despina Moraitou, Emmanouil Tsardoulias, Andreas L. Symeonidis, Vasileios Papaliagkas y Magdalini Tsolaki. "R4Alz-Revised: A Tool Able to Strongly Discriminate ‘Subjective Cognitive Decline’ from Healthy Cognition and ‘Minor Neurocognitive Disorder’". Diagnostics 13, n.º 3 (17 de enero de 2023): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030338.
Resumen
Background: The diagnosis of the minor neurocognitive diseases in the clinical course of dementia before the clinical symptoms’ appearance is the holy grail of neuropsychological research. The R4Alz battery is a novel and valid tool that was designed to assess cognitive control in people with minor cognitive disorders. The aim of the current study is the R4Alz battery’s extension (namely R4Alz-R), enhanced by the design and administration of extra episodic memory tasks, as well as extra cognitive control tasks, towards improving the overall R4Alz discriminant validity. Methods: The study comprised 80 people: (a) 20 Healthy adults (HC), (b) 29 people with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD), and (c) 31 people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The groups differed in age and educational level. Results: Updating, inhibition, attention switching, and cognitive flexibility tasks discriminated SCD from HC (p ≤ 0.003). Updating, switching, cognitive flexibility, and episodic memory tasks discriminated SCD from MCI (p ≤ 0.001). All the R4Alz-R’s tasks discriminated HC from MCI (p ≤ 0.001). The R4Alz-R was free of age and educational level effects. The battery discriminated perfectly SCD from HC and HC from MCI (100% sensitivity—95% specificity and 100% sensitivity—90% specificity, respectively), whilst it discriminated excellently SCD from MCI (90.3% sensitivity—82.8% specificity). Conclusion: SCD seems to be stage a of neurodegeneration since it can be objectively evaluated via the R4Alz-R battery, which seems to be a useful tool for early diagnosis.
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Poptsi, Eleni, Despina Moraitou, Emmanouil Tsardoulias, Andreas L. Symeonidisd y Magda Tsolaki. "Is the Discrimination of Subjective Cognitive Decline from Cognitively Healthy Adulthood and Mild Cognitive Impairment Possible? A Pilot Study Utilizing the R4Alz Battery". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 77, n.º 2 (15 de septiembre de 2020): 715–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200562.
Resumen
Background: The early diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders before the symptoms’ onset is the ultimate goal of the scientific community. REMEDES for Alzheimer (R4Alz) is a battery, designed for assessing cognitive control abilities in people with minor and major neurocognitive disorders. Objective: To investigate whether the R4Alz battery’s tasks differentiate subjective cognitive decline (SCD) from cognitively healthy adults (CHA) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: The R4Alz battery was administered to 175 Greek adults, categorized in five groups a) healthy young adults (HYA; n = 42), b) healthy middle-aged adults (HMaA; n = 33), c) healthy older adults (HOA; n = 14), d) community-dwelling older adults with SCD (n = 34), and e) people with MCI (n = 52). Results: Between the seven R4Alz subtasks, four showcased the best results for differentiating HOA from SCD: the working memory updating (WMCUT-S3), the inhibition and switching subtask (ICT/RST-S1&S2), the failure sets (FS) of the ICT/RST-S1&S2, and the cognitive flexibility subtask (ICT/RST-S3). The total score of the four R4Alz subtasks (R4AlzTot4) leads to an excellent discrimination among SCD and healthy adulthood, and to fare discrimination among SCD and MCI. Conclusion: The R4Alz battery is a novel approach regarding the neuropsychological assessment of people with SCD, since it can very well assist toward discriminating SCD from HOA. The R4Alz is able to measure decline of specific cognitive control abilities - namely of working memory updating, and complex executive functions - which seem to be the neuropsychological substrate of cognitive complaints in community dwelling adults of advancing age.
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Poptsi, Eleni, Despina Moraitou, Emmanouil Tsardoulias, Andreas L. Symeonidis y Magda Tsolaki. "Subjective Cognitive Impairment Can Be Detected from the Decline of Complex Cognition: Findings from the Examination of Remedes 4 Alzheimer’s (R4Alz) Structural Validity". Brain Sciences 14, n.º 6 (27 de mayo de 2024): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14060548.
Resumen
R4Alz is utilized for the early detection of minor neurocognitive disorders. It was designed to assess three main dimensions of cognitive-control abilities: working-memory capacity, attentional control, and executive functioning. Objectives: To reveal the cognitive-control dimensions that can differentiate between adults and older adults with healthy cognition, people with subjective cognitive impairment, and people diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment by examining the factorial structure of the R4Alz tool. Methods: The study comprised 404 participants: (a) healthy adults (n = 192), (b) healthy older adults (n = 29), (c) people with SCI (n = 74), and (d) people diagnosed with MCI (n = 109). The R4Alz battery was administered to all participants, including tests that assess short-term memory storage, information processing, information updating in working memory, and selective, sustained and divided attention), task/rule-switching, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. Results: A two-factorial structural model was confirmed for R4Alz, with the first factor representing “fluid intelligence (FI)” and the second factor reflecting “executive functions (EF)”. Both FI and EFs discriminate among all groups. Conclusions: The R4Alz battery presents sound construct validity, evaluating abilities in FI and EF. Both abilities can differentiate very early cognitive impairment (SCI) from healthy cognitive aging and MCI.
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Solis-Vivanco, Rodolfo, Felipe Rangel-Hassey, Pablo León-Ortiz, Alejandra Mondragón-Maya, Francisco Reyes-Madrigal y Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval. "M68. COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN NEVER-TREATED SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM INDIVIDUALS". Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (abril de 2020): S161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.380.
Resumen
Abstract Background Cognitive impairment is a key feature of schizophrenia. While one recent study suggested that individuals with psychosis experience a progressive decline in certain cognitive domains during the first 10 years of their illness, other clinical and functional MRI-based studies have proposed that most cognitive deficits are present during the first episode and remain stable over time, possibly as a result of medication response. To examine the temporal nature of cognitive deficits in the schizophrenia spectrum, we examined cognition in never-medicated individuals at different stages of the illness. Methods We recruited three groups of patients: 1) individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (n=87), 2) individuals experiencing their first-episode of a non-affective psychosis (FEP) (n=64) (defined by a duration of untreated psychosis < 74 weeks), and 3) individuals with chronic schizophrenia (n=40) (CSz – duration of untreated psychosis > 74 weeks). All three groups were antipsychotic-naïve. Patients with any comorbid disorders or current substance abuse disorders were excluded from this study. We also recruited matched healthy control subjects (n=102). All subjects were recruited at the Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía in Mexico City. The study was approved by the institutional review board. Adults provided written informed consent and minors provided assent with written consent provided by both parents. Cognition was assessed with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Differences between groups were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) with cognitive domain as inter-subject factor and Bonferroni correction for post hoc pairwise comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ .05. Results Since age, gender, and parental education were significantly different between the groups, they were included as covariates in the RM-ANOVA. In this revised model, there was no main effect of age (p = 0.69) nor any interaction between age and any cognitive domain. Therefore, age was removed from the final model. We observed a significant main effect of group (p <.001); All patient groups were significantly impaired compared to the control group (CHR mean difference (MD) = 6.12; FEP MD = 16.46; CSz MD = 16.37; p <.001 in all cases), individuals with both FEP and CSz had significantly more cognitive impairment than the CHR group (FEP MD = 10.34; CSz MD = 10.25; p <.001 in both cases). No significant differences were observed between FEP and CSz groups (MD = .09, p >.99). We also found a significant group by cognitive domain interaction (p <.001). Namely, all patient groups were cognitively impaired compared to the control group, except in the Verbal and Visual Learning domains in which there were no significant differences between the control and CHR groups. No significant differences were found between the FEP and CSz groups in any domain. Moreover, the CHR group was not significantly different from the other clinical groups in the Social Cognition domain. Within the FEP and CSz groups, no significant correlations were observed between duration of untreated psychosis and any cognitive domain. Discussion We observed significant cognitive deficits since at-risk stages of the schizophrenia spectrum. Patients with FEP were as impaired as those with CSz, while cognitive functioning observed in CHR individuals was intermediate between controls and patients with syndromal psychosis. These results emphasize the importance of pre-syndromal detection and prediction of burgeoning psychotic illness. Future research on strategies to mitigate the decline in cognitive function between presyndromal and first-episode psychosis is warranted.
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Davidescu, E. I., D. A. Sasu y I. Buraga. "Cognitive disturbances and mood disorders in ischemic stroke". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (abril de 2017): S354—S355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.338.
Resumen
IntroductionIschemic stroke is in increasing incidence, so that long term sequels are of great importance for management of quality of life and economics issues.ObjectivesTo determine risk factors associated with cognitive disturbances, after ischemic stroke.AimsAssessment of social and medical risk factors in outcome of cognitive disturbances.MethodsDuring 6 months, 268 patients with antecedents of ischemic stroke and associated cognitive disturbances installed in first year after major stroke, were assessed in neurology department. We performed neuropsychological tests as mini mental state examination, sunderland clock test and beck depression inventory. Patients and caregivers were also assessed for quality of life. 53% were males, from urban areas (69%) and mean age was 72.2 years.ResultsWe found risk factors as hypertension (88%), dyslipidemia (63%), diabetes mellitus (22%), atrial fibrillation (11%), smoking (35%) and drinking (55%). According to DSM-5 criteria, 62.5% of our lot had major cognitive disorder and 37.5% had a minor one; most of the patients with major dysfunction had ischemia in left middle cerebral artery (31.71%) associated with language deficits and executive dysfunctions, and on the second place was the vertebro-basilar localization of stroke (29.86%). Ischemia in right middle cerebral artery was present only in 20.52% of the lot. 27% of our patients developed depression, more in patients with major neurological deficits.ConclusionsEfforts must be done for primary prevention of stroke, early detection of risk factors and correct treatment, and for cessation of toxic habits. Treating associated depression may improve patients’ quality of life and increase comfort for caregivers.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Ziso, Besa y Andrew J. Larner. "Codex (Cognitive Disorders Examination) Decision Tree Modified for the Detection of Dementia and MCI". Diagnostics 9, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9020058.
Resumen
Many cognitive screening instruments are available to assess patients with cognitive symptoms in whom a diagnosis of dementia or mild cognitive impairment is being considered. Most are quantitative scales with specified cut-off values. In contrast, the cognitive disorders examination or Codex is a two-step decision tree which incorporates components from the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (three word recall, spatial orientation) along with a simplified clock drawing test to produce categorical outcomes defining the probability of dementia diagnosis and, by implication, directing clinician response (reassurance, monitoring, further investigation, immediate treatment). Codex has been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity for dementia diagnosis but is less sensitive for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We examined minor modifications to the Codex decision tree to try to improve its sensitivity for the diagnosis of MCI, based on data extracted from studies of two other cognitive screening instruments, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Free-Cog, which are more stringent than MMSE in their tests of delayed recall. Neither modification proved of diagnostic value for mild cognitive impairment. Possible explanations for this failure are considered.
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Inagawa, Takuma, Yuma Yokoi, Zui Narita, Kazushi Maruo, Mitsutoshi Okazaki y Kazuyuki Nakagome. "P2-004: COGNITIVE REHABILITATION WITH TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION: EFFECT ON COGNITION IN MAJOR OR MINOR NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS -A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED PRELIMINARY STUDY". Alzheimer's & Dementia 14, n.º 7S_Part_12 (1 de julio de 2006): P666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.688.
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Allemand, D., F. Allemand, F. Cortesi, A. Costa, V. Labellarte y C. Vagnoni. "Evoluzione neuropsichiatrica a lungo termine in soggetti con encefalopatia ipossico-ischemica neonatale". Rivista di Neuroradiologia 16, n.º 3 (junio de 2003): 535–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090301600340.
Resumen
We studied the neuropsychiatric evolution at school age in a population of children born at term with perinatal asphyxia, focusing on the assessment of cognitive disorders and psychopathological problems such as anxiety, depression and behavioural disorders. The cohort comprised 33 children aged between seven and 12 years, born at term and presenting hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy at birth. History-taking and neurological examination were done (according to Towen) and the following tests administered: WISC-R, test CBCL, childhood anxiety scale (Busnelli), CDI (Kovacs). A control group consisted of children aged between eight and 12 years without perinatal suffering. Results disclosed a number of evolutive disorders even though patients with severe neuromotor deficit were excluded from the study. Disorders included minor neurological syndromes, specific language and learning disorders, positivity on the scale for anxiety and depression: in particular 50% of the sample with minor neurological syndrome had symptoms of anxiety and depression. We divided the neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy into three degrees on the basis of brain scan and neurological examination. Relating the degree of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy to some neuropsychological and psychiatric variables (cognitive level, anxiety, depression), only the correlation with anxiety was significant: the incidence of anxiety symptoms at school age was greater in the intermediate degree of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Our findings further support the postulated link between neurological injury/dysfunction (perinatal asphyxia) and the subsequent onset of psychiatric and/or neuropsychological disorders.
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Irollo, Elena, Jared Luchetta, Chunta Ho, Bradley Nash y Olimpia Meucci. "Mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 78, n.º 9 (13 de febrero de 2021): 4283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03785-y.
Resumen
AbstractHIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is characterized by cognitive and behavioral deficits in people living with HIV. HAND is still common in patients that take antiretroviral therapies, although they tend to present with less severe symptoms. The continued prevalence of HAND in treated patients is a major therapeutic challenge, as even minor cognitive impairment decreases patient’s quality of life. Therefore, modern HAND research aims to broaden our understanding of the mechanisms that drive cognitive impairment in people with HIV and identify promising molecular pathways and targets that could be exploited therapeutically. Recent studies suggest that HAND in treated patients is at least partially induced by subtle synaptodendritic damage and disruption of neuronal networks in brain areas that mediate learning, memory, and executive functions. Although the causes of subtle neuronal dysfunction are varied, reversing synaptodendritic damage in animal models restores cognitive function and thus highlights a promising therapeutic approach. In this review, we examine evidence of synaptodendritic damage and disrupted neuronal connectivity in HAND from clinical neuroimaging and neuropathology studies and discuss studies in HAND models that define structural and functional impairment of neurotransmission. Then, we report molecular pathways, mechanisms, and comorbidities involved in this neuronal dysfunction, discuss new approaches to reverse neuronal damage, and highlight current gaps in knowledge. Continued research on the manifestation and mechanisms of synaptic injury and network dysfunction in HAND patients and experimental models will be critical if we are to develop safe and effective therapies that reverse subtle neuropathology and cognitive impairment.
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Trampush, J. W., M. L. Z. Yang, J. Yu, E. Knowles, G. Davies, D. C. Liewald, J. M. Starr et al. "GWAS meta-analysis reveals novel loci and genetic correlates for general cognitive function: a report from the COGENT consortium". Molecular Psychiatry 22, n.º 3 (17 de enero de 2017): 336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.244.
Resumen
Abstract The complex nature of human cognition has resulted in cognitive genomics lagging behind many other fields in terms of gene discovery using genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods. In an attempt to overcome these barriers, the current study utilized GWAS meta-analysis to examine the association of common genetic variation (~8M single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with minor allele frequency ⩾1%) to general cognitive function in a sample of 35 298 healthy individuals of European ancestry across 24 cohorts in the Cognitive Genomics Consortium (COGENT). In addition, we utilized individual SNP lookups and polygenic score analyses to identify genetic overlap with other relevant neurobehavioral phenotypes. Our primary GWAS meta-analysis identified two novel SNP loci (top SNPs: rs76114856 in the CENPO gene on chromosome 2 and rs6669072 near LOC105378853 on chromosome 1) associated with cognitive performance at the genome-wide significance level (P<5 × 10−8). Gene-based analysis identified an additional three Bonferroni-corrected significant loci at chromosomes 17q21.31, 17p13.1 and 1p13.3. Altogether, common variation across the genome resulted in a conservatively estimated SNP heritability of 21.5% (s.e.=0.01%) for general cognitive function. Integration with prior GWAS of cognitive performance and educational attainment yielded several additional significant loci. Finally, we found robust polygenic correlations between cognitive performance and educational attainment, several psychiatric disorders, birth length/weight and smoking behavior, as well as a novel genetic association to the personality trait of openness. These data provide new insight into the genetics of neurocognitive function with relevance to understanding the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric illness.
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Behrens, Anders, Johan Sanmartin Berglund y Peter Anderberg. "CoGNIT Automated Tablet Computer Cognitive Testing in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Feasibility Study". JMIR Formative Research 6, n.º 3 (11 de marzo de 2022): e23589. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23589.
Resumen
Background Early diagnosis of cognitive disorders is becoming increasingly important. Limited resources for specialist assessment and an increasing demographical challenge warrants the need for efficient methods of evaluation. In response, CoGNIT, a tablet app for automatic, standardized, and efficient assessment of cognitive function, was developed. Included tests span the cognitive domains regarded as important for assessment in a general memory clinic (memory, language, psychomotor speed, executive function, attention, visuospatial ability, manual dexterity, and symptoms of depression). Objective The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of automatic cognitive testing with CoGNIT in older patients with symptoms of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Patients older than 55 years with symptoms of MCI (n=36) were recruited at the research clinic at the Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH), Karlskrona, Sweden. A research nurse administered the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and the CoGNIT app on a tablet computer. Technical and testing issues were documented. Results The test battery was completed by all 36 patients. One test, the four-finger–tapping test, was performed incorrectly by 42% of the patients. Issues regarding clarity of instructions were found in 2 tests (block design test and the one finger-tapping test). Minor software bugs were identified. Conclusions The overall feasibility of automatic cognitive testing with the CoGNIT app in patients with symptoms of MCI was good. The study highlighted tests that did not function optimally. The four-finger–tapping test will be discarded, and minor improvements to the software will be added before further studies and deployment in the clinic.
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Lenka, Abhishek, Javier Pagonabarraga, Pramod Kumar Pal, Helena Bejr-Kasem y Jaime Kulisvesky. "Minor hallucinations in Parkinson disease". Neurology 93, n.º 6 (9 de julio de 2019): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007913.
Resumen
ObjectivePsychosis is one of the most debilitating complications of Parkinson disease (PD). Although research on PD psychosis has been focused on the study of well-structured visual hallucinations (VH), currently accepted National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke–National Institute of Mental Health diagnostic criteria emphasize minor hallucinations (MH) as the most common psychotic phenomena in PD. The objective of this review is to comprehensively describe the clinical and research advances on the understanding of MH and to provide future directions for obtaining further insights into their potential major implications for PD management and prognosis.MethodsA PubMed search was done in November 2018 to identify articles on minor psychotic phenomena in PD.ResultsMH often precede the onset of well-structured VH and are associated with other nonmotor symptoms such as REM sleep behavior disorder and depression. The pattern of functional brain connectivity changes associated with MH involve visual-processing areas and attention control networks, which overlap with abnormalities described in patients with well-structured VH. The dysfunction of cortical networks in patients with MH may be an early indicator of a more widespread form of the disease.ConclusionAlthough called “minor,” MH may have major clinical and prognostic implications. Further research is needed to establish whether MH are associated with a higher risk of disabling psychotic complications, cognitive deterioration, or a more accelerated disease progression. Understanding the early neurobiological underpinnings of MH may provide the background for future studies to identify the progressive dysfunction of neural circuits leading to more severe forms of psychosis in PD.
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Svyrydova, N. K. "The new strategy of treatment of cognitive impairment". East European Journal of Neurology, n.º 3(3) (20 de diciembre de 2015): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33444/2411-5797.2015.3(3).39-43.
Resumen
The initial manifestation of memory impairment is mild cognitive disorders characterized by mild signs of memory impairment, and / or general cognitive decline in the absence of data for the presence of dementia syndrome and prevent the possibility of cognitive impairment due to any cerebral or systemic disease, organ failure, intoxication (in including medical), depression, or mental retardation. The severity of cognitive deficits in patients with cerebrovascular disease are more correlated not with territorial infarcts caused by the defeat of major cerebral arteries, and on microvascular pathology (a minor heart attack, multiple lacunar infarcts, microbleeds), as well as cerebral atrophy, which may be due to vascular brain damage and specific neurodegenerative process. Since effective therapeutic drugs treat persistent cognitive impairment in the present does not exist, an alternative could be a strategy of weakening the development of cognitive impairment and their progression.
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Kalenska, Galyna y Sergey Yatoslavtsev. "SYNDROMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEPRESSIVE MANIFESTATIONS AMONG PATIENTS COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS IN DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS". Inter Collegas 7, n.º 3 (24 de octubre de 2020): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ic.7.3.152-156.
Resumen
362 patients with cognitive impairment at depressive disorders were examined, of them 123 patients with recurrent depressive disorder (RDD), 141 patients with bipolar affective disorder (BAD) and 98 patients with prolonged depressive reaction (PDR). Differentiated clinical and psychopathological features of patients with cognitive impairment at depressive disorders were established: 1) combination of apathetic-adynamic, astheno-energetic and anxious symptom complexes; predominance of moderate and major depressive episodes; severity of apathy, subjective and objective signs of depression, decrease in concentration and ability to feel were determined in patients with RDD; 2) combination of astheno-energetic, apathetic-adynamic, and melancholic symptom complexes; predominance of moderate and major depressive episodes; the severity of apathy, subjective signs of depression, suicidal thoughts, insomnia and decrease in concentration in patients with BAD; 3) combination of anxious and apathetic-adynamic symptom complexes; the predominance of moderate and minor depressive episodes; the severity of internal stress, apathy, suicidal thoughts and loss of appetite in patients with PDR.
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Li, Mi, Shengfu Lu, Gang Wang, Lei Feng, Bingbing Fu y Ning Zhong. "Emotion, working memory, and cognitive control in patients with first-onset and previously untreated minor depressive disorders". Journal of International Medical Research 44, n.º 3 (18 de abril de 2016): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060516639169.
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Chvojkova, Marketa, Hana Kubova y Karel Vales. "Effects of Dizocilpine, Midazolam and Their Co-Application on the Trimethyltin (TMT)-Induced Rat Model of Cognitive Deficit". Brain Sciences 11, n.º 3 (22 de marzo de 2021): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11030400.
Resumen
Research of treatment options addressing the cognitive deficit associated with neurodegenerative disorders is of particular importance. Application of trimethyltin (TMT) to rats represents a promising model replicating multiple relevant features of such disorders. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor potentiators have been reported to alleviate the TMT-induced cognitive deficit. These compounds may provide synergistic interactions in other models. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether co-application of NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) and GABAA receptor potentiator midazolam would be associated with an improved effect on the TMT-induced model of cognitive deficit. Wistar rats injected with TMT were repeatedly (12 days) treated with MK-801, midazolam, or both. Subsequently, cognitive performance was assessed. Finally, after a 17-day drug-free period, hippocampal neurodegeneration (neuronal density in CA2/3 subfield in the dorsal hippocampus, dentate gyrus morphometry) were analyzed. All three protective treatments induced similar degree of therapeutic effect in Morris water maze. The results of histological analyses were suggestive of minor protective effect of the combined treatment (MK-801 and midazolam), while these compounds alone were largely ineffective at this time point. Therefore, in terms of mitigation of cognitive deficit, the combined treatment was not associated with improved effect.
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Peterson, Robin L., Richard Boada, Lauren M. McGrath, Erik G. Willcutt, Richard K. Olson y Bruce F. Pennington. "Cognitive Prediction of Reading, Math, and Attention: Shared and Unique Influences". Journal of Learning Disabilities 50, n.º 4 (29 de enero de 2016): 408–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219415618500.
Resumen
The current study tested a multiple-cognitive predictor model of word reading, math ability, and attention in a community-based sample of twins ages 8 to 16 years ( N = 636). The objective was to identify cognitive predictors unique to each skill domain as well as cognitive predictors shared among skills that could help explain their overlap and thus help illuminate the basis for comorbidity of related disorders (reading disability, math disability, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Results indicated that processing speed contributes to the overlap between reading and attention as well as math and attention, whereas verbal comprehension contributes to the overlap between reading and math. There was no evidence that executive functioning skills help account for covariation among these skill domains. Instead, specific executive functions differentially related to certain outcomes (i.e., working memory to math and inhibition to attention). We explored whether the model varied in younger versus older children and found only minor differences. Results are interpreted within the context of the multiple deficit framework for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Starkstein, S. E., R. G. Robinson, R. Leiguarda y T. J. Preziosi. "Anxiety and Depression in Parkinson’s Disease". Behavioural Neurology 6, n.º 3 (1993): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/539179.
Resumen
We examined a consecutive series of 40 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) for the presence of anxiety. We found that 40 % met DSM-III criteria for generalized anxiety disorders, and half of them also met criteria for either major depression or minor depression. While depression was associated with long duration of illness and more severe cognitive and physical impairments, anxiety was not associated with greater impairment. We conclude that anxiety, with or without depression, constitutes a frequent psychiatric problem among patients with PD.
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Svyrydova, N. K. y N. P. Pavliuk. "Strategy for the treatment of cognitive disorders in patients with chronic brain ischemia and initial manifestations of insufficient blood supply to the brain". East European Journal of Neurology, n.º 5(5) (20 de diciembre de 2015): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33444/2411-5797.2015.5(5).2-7.
Resumen
Cerebrovascular accidents are the most important med- ical and social problem due to their high frequency in the structure of morbidity and mortality, as well as significant indicators of disability in the population. The severity of cognitive deficits in patients with cerebrovascular disease are more correlated not with territorial infarcts caused by the defeat of the major cerebral arteries, and on microvascular pathology (a minor heart attack, multiple lacunar infarcts, microbleeds), as well as cerebral atrophy, which may be due to vascular brain damage and specific neurodegenerative process. Since effective therapeutic drugs treat persistent cognitive impairment in the present does not exist, an alternative could be a strategy of weakening of cognitive impairment and their progression. The article describes the characteristics, the description of the results of worldwide research application components that are complex and herbal preparations Memokor Neokardil.
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Hans, Sydney L., Judith G. Auerbach, Keith H. Nuechterlein, Robert F. Asarnow, Joan Asarnow, Benedict Styr y Joseph Marcus. "Neurodevelopmental factors associated with schizotypal symptoms among adolescents at risk for schizophrenia". Development and Psychopathology 21, n.º 4 (14 de octubre de 2009): 1195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409990113.
Resumen
AbstractSchizophrenia has come to be viewed as a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by genetic vulnerability, stressors during the prenatal period that may be marked by minor physical anomalies and neurobehavioral deficits that emerge in early development. Less is known about the neurodevelopmental origins of schizotypal personality symptoms. The present study examines schizotypal symptoms in Israeli adolescents (mean age = 16.79 years) who have not yet reached the developmental period during which first schizophrenic episode is most likely to emerge: 39 adolescent offspring of parents with schizophrenia, 39 offspring of parents with other psychiatric disorders, and 36 offspring of parents with no history of mental illness. The Semi-Structured Kiddie Interview for Personality Syndromes was used to assess cognitive–perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized schizotypal symptoms. Interpersonal schizotypal symptoms were more prevalent in the schizophrenia offspring group than in the no-mental-illness offspring group. Among the schizophrenia offspring group, interpersonal, but not cognitive–perceptual, schizotypal symptoms were associated with minor physical anomalies, fine motor dyscoordination, and deficits in executive functioning during adolescence. Among young people whose parents did not have schizophrenia, cognitive–perceptual schizotypal symptoms were correlated with deficits in executive functioning. Adolescent schizotypal symptoms were associated with neurobehavioral symptoms measured during middle childhood in a subgroup of the sample that had been assessed prospectively. Finally, young people who had genetic risk for schizophrenia, minor physical anomalies, and neurobehavioral signs together were at markedly increased risk for symptoms of interpersonal schizotypal symptoms, compared to young people with one or none of these risk factors.
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Goodkin, Karl, Frances L. Wilkie, Teri T. Baldewicz, Mauricio Concha, Mary D. Tyll, Charles J. LoPiccolo y Paul Shapshak. "HIV-1–Associated Cognitive-Motor Disorders: A Research-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment". CNS Spectrums 5, n.º 8 (agosto de 2000): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900007549.
Resumen
AbstractThe diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–associated cognitive-motor disorder—either minor cognitive-motor disorder (MCMD) or HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD)—is fraught with potential pitfalls for the clinician. Before making such a diagnosis, clinicians should exclude other etiologies by using neuroimaging, lumbar puncture, and serum chemistries to screen for opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections of the brain and meninges. Clinicians should also consider psychoneurotoxicity (caused from the use of psychoactive substances and prescribed medications) and psychopathology, such as mood, anxiety, and other disorders. In addition, a thorough medical history and physical examination, including a complete neurologic and neuropsychiatric mental status examination, are necessary for an accurate diagnosis. There is also a need for standardized neuropsychological and functional status tests, since the diagnostic criteria for these disorders are partly based on these criteria. Treatment targets should include subclinical cognitive-motor impairment and neuroprotection, as well as MCMD and HAD. Currently, zidovudine remains the best proven treatment for these disorders, but other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, as well as nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, show promise, and selected agents from these classes are being tested in clinical trials. Other areas that should be investigated are the modulation of inflammatory mediators (such as tumor necrosis factor α), neurotransmitter manipulation (especially of dopamine), and nutritional interventions.
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Clergue-Duval, Virgile, Laurent Coulbault, Frank Questel, Nicolas Cabé, Alice Laniepce, Clément Delage, Céline Boudehent et al. "Alcohol Withdrawal Is an Oxidative Stress Challenge for the Brain: Does It Pave the Way toward Severe Alcohol-Related Cognitive Impairment?" Antioxidants 11, n.º 10 (21 de octubre de 2022): 2078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11102078.
Resumen
Alcohol use is a leading cause of mortality, brain morbidity, neurological complications and minor to major neurocognitive disorders. Alcohol-related neurocognitive disorders are consecutive to the direct effect of chronic and excessive alcohol use, but not only. Indeed, patients with severe alcohol use disorders (AUD) associated with pharmacological dependence suffer from repetitive events of alcohol withdrawal (AW). If those AW are not managed by adequate medical and pharmacological treatment, they may evolve into severe AW, or be complicated by epileptic seizure or delirium tremens (DT). In addition, we suggest that AW favors the occurrence of Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) in patients with known or unknown thiamine depletion. We reviewed the literature on oxidative stress as a core mechanism in brain suffering linked with those conditions: AW, epileptic seizure, DT and WE. Thus, we propose perspectives to further develop research projects aiming at better identifying oxidative stress brain damage related to AW, assessing the effect of repetitive episodes of AW, and their long-term cognitive consequences. This research field should develop neuroprotective strategies during AW itself or during the periwithdrawal period. This could contribute to the prevention of severe alcohol-related brain damage and cognitive impairments.
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Rapin, Isabelle. "Hearing Disorders". Pediatrics In Review 14, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1993): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.14.2.43.
Resumen
Definition Hearing is the usual channel for acquisition of this most important of human attributes, language. Language enables humans to communicate at a distance and across time and has played a decisive role in the development of society and its many cultures. Language is the major channel through which children learn about what is not immediately evident, and it plays a central role in thinking and cognition. Because speech is the chief vehicle for communication in all families (except those in which the parents are deaf), deafness is a profound handicap whose effects greatly transcend the inability to speak. Responsibility for detecting hearing loss in infancy rests on the primary physician, inasmuch as early diagnosis and appropriate habilitation will prevent the most serious consequences of infantile hearing loss: growing up without language. Two primary types of hearing loss are attributable to disease of the ear: conductive hearing loss, a deficiency in the transduction of energy in the form of sound waves in air to hydraulic waves in the inner ear; and sensorineural hearing loss, inadequate transduction of these waves to neural activity. Other disorders of hearing include cortical hearing impairment and perceptual disorders. Although much is said about perceptual disorders by educators, such disorders probably play a minor role in the genesis of learning disabilities and will not be addressed in this review, which focuses on severe-to-profound hearing losses.
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Pocnet, Cornelia, Jean-Philippe Antonietti, Alessia Donati, Julius Popp, Jérôme Rossier y Armin von Gunten. "Behavioral and psychological symptoms and cognitive decline in patients with amnestic MCI and mild AD: a two-year follow-up study". International Psychogeriatrics 27, n.º 8 (16 de enero de 2015): 1379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021400283x.
Resumen
ABSTRACTBackground:Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been defined as a transitional state between normal aging and dementia. In many cases, MCI represents an early stage of developing cognitive impairment. Patients diagnosed with MCI do not meet the criteria for dementia as their general intellect and everyday activities are preserved, although minor changes in instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) may occur. However, they may exhibit significant behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms (BPS), also frequently observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, we wondered to what extent specific BPS are associated with cognitive decline in participants with MCI or AD.Methods:Our sample consisted of 164 participants, including 46 patients with amnestic (single or multi-domain) MCI and 54 patients with AD, as well as 64 control participants without cognitive disorders. Global cognitive performance, BPS, and ADL were assessed using validated clinical methods at baseline and at two-year follow-up.Results:The BPS variability over the follow-up period was more pronounced in the MCI group than in patients with AD: some BPS improve, others occur newly or worsen, while others still remain unchanged. Moreover, specific changes in BPS were associated with a rapid deterioration of the global cognitive level in MCI patients. In particular, an increase of euphoria, eating disorders, and aberrant motor behavior, as well as worsened sleep quality, predicted a decline in cognitive functioning.Conclusions:Our findings confirm a higher variability of BPS over time in the MCI group than in AD patients. Moreover, our results provide evidence of associations between specific BPS and cognitive decline in the MCI group that might suggest a risk of conversion of individuals with amnestic MCI to AD.
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Kadyrova, T. M. "For the diagnosis of cognitive disorders among minors in the context of the ICD-11: Discussion". Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 60, n.º 5 (julio de 2012): S180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.04.297.
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Cerami, Chiara, Giulia Perini, Andrea Panzavolta, Matteo Cotta Ramusino y Alfredo Costa. "A Call for Drug Therapies for the Treatment of Social Behavior Disorders in Dementia: Systematic Review of Evidence and State of the Art". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 19 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 11550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911550.
Resumen
Growing evidence supports the presence of social cognition deficits and social behavior alterations in major and minor neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). Even though the ability to identify socio-emotional changes has significantly improved in recent years, there is still no specific treatment available. Thus, we explored evidence of drug therapies targeting social cognition alterations in NCDs. Papers were selected according to PRISMA guidelines by searching on the PubMed and Scopus databases. Only papers reporting information on pharmacological interventions for the treatment of social cognition and/or social behavioral changes in major and/or minor NCDs were included. Among the 171 articles entered in the paper selection, only 9 papers were eligible for the scope of the review. Trials testing pharmacological treatments for socio-emotional alterations in NCDs are poor and of low-medium quality. A few attempts with neuroprotective, psychoactive, or immunomodulating drugs have been made. Oxytocin is the only drug specifically targeting the social brain that has been tested with promising results in frontotemporal dementia. Its beneficial effects in long-term use have yet to be evaluated. No recommendation can currently be provided. There is a long way to go to identify and test effective targets to treat social cognition changes in NCDs for the ultimate benefit of patients and caregivers.
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Almlöv, Jonas, Per Carlbring, Karin Källqvist, Björn Paxling, Pim Cuijpers y Gerhard Andersson. "Therapist Effects in Guided Internet-Delivered CBT for Anxiety Disorders". Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 39, n.º 3 (13 de diciembre de 2010): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246581000069x.
Resumen
Background: Guided internet-delivered CBT for anxiety disorders has received increasing empirical support, but little is known regarding the role of the therapist. Aims: This study addressed therapist factors in guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders. Method: Data from three controlled trials with a total N of 119 were analyzed with attention to differences between eight therapists. Results: No significant mean level differences between therapists appeared in the dataset. However, one significant intraclass correlation between participants was found, suggesting that the outcome on the Beck Anxiety Inventory might have been influenced by the impact of the individual therapists. Conclusion: The therapist can possibly have some influence on the outcome of guided internet-delivered CBT for anxiety disorders, but studies with more statistical power are needed to establish whether therapist effects are present in this modality of psychological treatment. The present study was underpowered to detect minor therapist effects.
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GASCON, Maria Rita, Michel E. HAZIOT, Tatiane ASSONE, Luiz Augusto M. FONSECA, Jerusa SMID, Augusto César Penalva de OLIVEIRA y Jorge CASSEB. "Memory impairment: an intermediate clinical syndrome symptom in HTLV-1-infected patients?" Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 77, n.º 6 (junio de 2019): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190062.
Resumen
Background Although classical human T-cell lymphocyte virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis syndrome is the most frequent HTLV-1-associated neurological disorder, some “minor” neurological disorders can be seen in “asymptomatic” carriers. These disorders, including cognitive alterations already described in clinical cases and studies, may constitute an intermediate syndrome (IMS) between the asymptomatic state and myelopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of cognitive deficits in patients with HTLV-1 virus, who usually are diagnosed as asymptomatic. Methods A total of 54 HTLV-1-infected patients were evaluated, 35 asymptomatic and 19 with minor neurological alterations (evaluated by a neurologist); 25 HTLV-1-seronegative individuals served as controls. The instruments used were: Beck’s Depression Inventory, Lawton’s Daily Life Activity Scale, and a complete neuropsychological battery. The application of these evaluation instruments was performed blindly, with the evaluator neuropsychologist not knowing the clinical condition of the patient. Results Most of the participants in this cohort, including seronegative controls, were female (n = 57, 72.21%), their mean age was 52.34 years (SD = 14.29) and their average schooling was 9.70 years (SD = 4.11). Discussion Participants classified with IMS had lower gross scores when compared with both the patients classified as asymptomatic and with the control group, and when tested for auditory episodic memory of immediate (p < 0.01), and late (p = 0.01), recall. Conclusion Patients with IMS presented with memory impairment when compared with asymptomatic patients and seronegative individuals; this is one of the symptoms that aids in the classification of the syndrome.
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Nevelika, A. V., O. M. Myatyha, L. V. Karabut y H. L. Lytvynenko. "The study of the impact of rehabilitation measures on the dynamics of cognitive disorders in Parkinson’s disease". Social Pharmacy in Health Care 8, n.º 1 (26 de mayo de 2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24959/sphhcj.22.250.
Resumen
Aim. To assess the level of cognitive impairment and its dynamics over 6 months in Parkinson’s disease.
Materials and methods. The study involved 31 people with Parkinson’s disease, including 15 women and 16 men. The average age of patients at the beginning of the study was 65.1 (m = 0.54). The duration of the disease varied from 3 to 8 years. The Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Mattis dementia scale were used to study cognitive functions. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) was used to assess attention. The study of speech was conducted using the free and directed association test, and visual-spatial functions were studied using the “drawing clock” test. The visual memory test from the SKT test battery was used to assess memory, and affective disorders were studied using the Beck Depression Scale. Depression was diagnosed according to the ICD-10 criteria. The vegetative disorders were assessed using the autonomic disorders scale. The results obtained were processed using mathematical statistics methods.
Results. The data obtained in the course of the study allow us to state the stability in disturbance of the vegetative function. The affective symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment were improved. In patients with moderate and severe cognitive impairment, affective symptoms remained stable. There were also no significant changes in the Mattis dementia scale, the Beck Depression Scale, the coding test, visual-spatial functions, grammatical associations, semantics and phonetics.
Conclusions. The studies showed that after the introduction of a comprehensive rehabilitation program for 6 months there were minor improvements indicating the need for further improvement and implementation.
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Häfner, H. "Epidemiology of schizophrenia. The disease model of schizophrenia in the light of current epidemiological knowledge". European Psychiatry 10, n.º 5 (1995): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)80298-7.
Resumen
SummaryAttempting an update of the epidemiology of schizophrenia, it is pointed out that schizophrenia seems to occur with the same core symptoms and almost at the same frequency in all countries and cultures studied. Methodologically sound studies have failed to produce evidence for a secular trend of the morbid risk. The genotype of schizophrenia is expressed as psychosis, personality disorders and non-specific disorders or it goes without manifest psychopathology. Minor brain anomalies are present in most cases. The British Child Development Study showed that behavioural, cognitive, emotional and neuromotor antecedents occur in 50% of cases, thus pointing to disordered brain development, very likely not specific to schizophrenia, since found in many other mental disorders as well. A look into the hidden early course of schizophrenia revealed a significant sex difference in age of onset and a prodromal phase of some 3 to 4 years throughout the cases. A case-control study showed that it is mainly during this early course before first admission that social disadvantage in schizophrenia arises. In the prephase a disease-related lack of social ascent plays a greater role than steps of social decline. The early social course differs between the sexes mainly due to an earlier onset of the disorder in males. The actual disease variables, that is, core symptoms and type of course, do not show any essential differences between males and females. These results indicate that schizophrenia is one of the rare uniform patterns of response of the brain, capable of being triggered by a large number of causes or favoured by non-specific risk factors. In this context the protective effect of estrogens will be discussed.
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Fysenko, Anastasiia. "Features of neurocognitive and psychoemotional disorders in young patients with arterial hypertension". Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 32, issue 1 (118), 2024 (20 de marzo de 2024): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v32-is1-2024-5.
Resumen
The article presents the results of the study of cognitive functions and the psychoemotional state of young patients with arterial hypertension. In total, 91 patients between the ages of 25 and 44, as well as 30 clinically healthy individuals of the appropriate age and article, were involved in the study. All studied patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of neurocognitive disorders. The condition was assessed using international standardized scales and tests. The study showed that people with AH had mild disorders of verbal memory, counting operations and disorientation, which was manifested by incorrect naming of the date. It was characterized by the presence of disorders of voluntary attention from minor, initial manifestations, which, first of all, was manifested by fatigue, to violations of a mild-moderate degree in the form of narrowing of volumes and insufficiency of the processes of concentration, distribution and switching. The psychoemotional state of young patients with hypertension was characterized by the presence of mild depressive disorders. For patients with neurocognitive disorders against the background of hypertension, the presence of moderate reactive and personal anxiety was characteristic. Key words: arterial hypertension, neurocognitive disorders, anxiety, depression
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Babliuk, Liudmila, Svitlana Fediaeva, Iryna Babova, Vita Mesoedova y Sergii Tamazlykar. "Rehabilitation of post-COVID patients with chronic fatigue and cognitive disorders syndromes". Balneo and PRM Research Journal, Vol.13, no.1 (19 de marzo de 2022): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2022.497.
Resumen
Almost all patients, who have experienced acute manifestations of COVID-19, regardless of the severity of the acute phase of the disease, are only at the beginning of a long way to recovery. According to experts, SARS-CoV-2 infection should affect almost 80% of the world's population, so all these patients to a greater or lesser extent will need a rehabilitation of certain manifesta-tions of postcovid syndrome. Purpose: to study the effectiveness of rehabilitation program and the dynamics of cognitive im-pairment and manifestations of chronic fatigue syndrome in patients after coronavirus disease. Methods: The study design included 60 patients after SARS-Cov-2 infection. Among the exam-ined patients there were 26 (43,3%) women and 34 (56,7%) men. An average age of the patients was 43,9±1,08 years. Patients were referred to the Department of Physical Rehabilitation after coronavirus disease with chronic fatigue and cognitive disorders syndromes. Accordingly, all patients, who participated in the study, were divided into two groups: group I - 28 patients with a general condition of moderate severity at the hospital stage and 32 patients - group II, with se-vere course of the disease and oxygen demand at the hospital stage. Depending on the duration of rehabilitation, two observation periods were used - on the 7th and 14th day of rehabilitation program. Results: It has been proven, that patients, who didn’t need oxygen, were complaining about an-osmia, cephalgia, cognitive impairment, increased anxiety and fatigue. Dysgeusia, dyssomnia, and depression were more common in patients, requiring oxygen therapy at the hospital stage. Rehabilitation program eliminated cognitive dysfunction, depression, cephalgia, drowsiness and dyssomnia on the 7th day in patients, who did not require oxygen therapy (p>0,05), and in patients, who needed oxygen therapy - on the 14th day of the rehabilitation program (p>0,05). However, 2 (6,3%) and 3 (9,4%) patients, who needed oxygen therapy, even after 14 days of reha-bilitation had manifestations of minor recurrent headache and drowsiness. Conclusion: Thus, patients after coronavirus disease, who needed oxygen therapy at the hospital stage, need long-term rehabilitation program. Keywords: postcovid syndrome, anxiety, depression, drowsiness, rehabilitation
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Sarti, Cristina, Antonella Picchioni, Roberta Telese, Marco Pasi, Ylenia Failli, Giovanni Pracucci, Daniele Cammelli y Domenico Inzitari. "“When should primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) be suspected?”: literature review and proposal of a preliminary screening algorithm". Neurological Sciences 41, n.º 11 (10 de agosto de 2020): 3135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04583-3.
Resumen
Abstract Background Primary angiitis of the CNS (PACNS) is a process causing variously combined neurological disturbances. Its rarity and kaleidoscopic presentation make it difficult to diagnose and even to suspect. Objective (1) To provide an up-to-date review on PACNS and (2) to create a preliminary screening algorithm based on clinical and radiological first-level data, useful to suspect PACNS and guide further investigations. Methods Review of PUBMED case series on PACNS, published from 2002 to 2017, collection of frequencies of clinical and neuroimaging features and calculation of median values. Classification of features as “major” or “minor” if frequency was higher or lower than median value. Combination of features in sets of criteria represented by all possible combinations of major and minor clinical and neuroradiological features. Application of criteria to published PACNS case reports and selection of the ones best identifying patients with definite PACNS. Results We reviewed 24 case series. “Major” clinical features were headache, stroke, cognitive impairment, focal neurological deficits; “minor” were seizures, altered consciousness, psychiatric disorders. “Major” neuroradiological features were multiple parenchymal lesions, parenchymal/meningeal contrast enhancement, magnetic resonance angiography vessel abnormalities, vessel wall enhancement; “minor” were parenchymal/subarachnoid hemorrhage, single parenchymal lesion. The selected sets of criteria able to identify all PACNS patients were (1) one clinical (major/minor) + one major neuroradiological feature; and (2) Two clinical (≥ 1 major) + one minor neuroradiological feature. Conclusion Our review provides a detailed clinical/neuroradiological picture of PACNS. The proposed algorithm should be regarded as a preliminary screening tool to move the first steps towards PACNS diagnosis that needs validation.
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Lee, Jun Ho, Min Soo Byun, Dahyun Yi, Young Min Choe, Hyo Jung Choi, Hyewon Baek, Bo Kyung Sohn et al. "Frequency of Depressive Syndromes in Elderly Individuals with No Cognitive Impairment, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease Dementia in a Memory Clinic Setting". Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 42, n.º 3-4 (2016): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000449155.
Resumen
Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of various depressive syndromes in elderly individuals with no cognitive impairment (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD) in a memory clinic setting, and then to test whether severe and milder forms of depressive syndromes are differentially associated with the cognitive groups. Methods: For 216 NC, 478 MCI, and 316 AD subjects, we investigated the frequency of depressive syndromes, defined by three different categories: major and minor depressive disorder (MaDD and MiDD) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, as well as depression according to the National Institute of Mental Health provisional diagnostic criteria for depression in Alzheimer's disease (NIMH-dAD). Results: The frequency of MaDD did not show any significant difference among NC, MCI, and AD. In contrast, the frequencies of MiDD and NIMH-dAD were higher than those of MaDD and showed significant group differences with a gradual increase from NC to AD. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the degenerative process of Alzheimer's disease contributes to the occurrence of mild depressive conditions, but not to severe depression.
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Wu, Chi-Shin, Shu-Han Yu, Chun-Yi Lee, Han-Yun Tseng, Yen-Feng Chiu y Chao Agnes Hsiung. "Prevalence of and risk factors for minor and major depression among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan". International Psychogeriatrics 29, n.º 7 (10 de abril de 2017): 1113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217000199.
Resumen
ABSTRACTBackground:This study was conducted to estimate prevalence rates and risk factors for late-life depression in a large nationwide representative sample from Taiwan.Methods:A total of 5,664, randomly sampled individuals aged ≥55 years were enrolled. Clinically, relevant depressive symptoms were classified using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D score ≥16), and major depression was confirmed using the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Individuals with clinically relevant depressive symptoms, who did not meet the strict diagnostic criteria for major depression, were considered to have minor depression. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for major and minor depression, including socio-demographic characteristics, medical conditions, lifestyle behaviors, social support network, and life events.Results:The prevalence rates of minor and major depression were 3.7% and 1.5%, respectively. Major depression was associated with personal vulnerability factors, such as poor social support, cognitive impairment, comorbid pain conditions, and sleep disturbance. However, minor depression was more likely to be related to adverse life events, including increased burden on families, changes in health status, or relationship problem. Approximately, 20.0% of individuals with major depression received antidepressant treatment.Conclusions:Late-life depression was less prevalent among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan than among populations in other countries. Our findings may aid the early detection and treatment of late-life depression and provide a basis for future investigations.
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Caballo, Vicente, Andrea López y Isabel Salazar. "Personality disorders, fact or fiction? The dark future of their diagnosis". Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual 32, n.º 1 (5 de abril de 2024): 5–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51668/bp.8324101n.
Resumen
The categorical diagnosis of personality disorders (PDs) has been criticized for various reasons, among which are overlapping of symptoms between different disorders, their high comorbidity, and the dichotomous nature of their diagnosis. These criticisms have led to the development of a dimensional approach in the latest versions of the classification systems, DSM-5/DSM-5-TR and ICD-11, considering two substantial aspects for its new diagnosis: personality functioning, and a series of pathological features. Despite the large amount of literature that has been published since the beginning of this century on this dimensional proposal, it is not clear, to date, that this approach enhances clinical utility. The vague, abstract, and inoperative exposition of what constitutes personality functioning and the complex and forced designation of major and minor traits (facets) in the DSM-5/DSM-5-TR, and only major and optional traits in the ICD-11, complicate, in an unusual way, the dimensional diagnosis of PDs. This paper discusses all of these issues in an attempt to shed some light on the potentially dark future of the current PDs panorama.
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Maniscalco, Laura, Bonnet-Brilhault Frédérique, Michele Roccella, Domenica Matranga y Gabriele Tripi. "A Preliminary Study on Cranio-Facial Characteristics Associated with Minor Neurological Dysfunctions (MNDs) in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)". Brain Sciences 10, n.º 8 (18 de agosto de 2020): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10080566.
Resumen
Background. Craniofacial anomalies and minor neurological dysfunction (MNDs) have been identified, in literature, as risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. They represent physical indicators of embryonic development suggesting a possible contributory role of complications during early, even pre-conceptional, phases of ontogeny in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Limited research has been conducted about the co-occurrence of the two biomarkers in children with ASD. This study investigates the associative patterns of cranio-facial anomalies and MNDs in ASD children, and whether these neurodevelopmental markers correlate with intensity of ASD symptoms and overall functioning. Methods. Caucasian children with ASD (n = 33) were examined. Measures were based on five anthropometric cranio-facial indexes and a standardized and detailed neurological examination according to Touwen. Relationships between anthropometric z-scores, MNDs and participant characteristics (i.e., age, cognitive abilities, severity of autistic symptoms measured using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) checklist) were assessed. Results. With respect to specific MNDs, significant positive correlations were found between Cephalic Index and Sensory deficits (p-value < 0.001), which did not correlate with CARS score. Importantly, CARS score was positively linked with Intercanthal Index (p-value < 0.001), and negatively associated with posture and muscle tone (p-value = 0.027) and Facial Index (p-value = 0.004). Conclusion. Our data show a link between a specific facial phenotype and anomalies in motor responses, suggesting early brain dysmaturation involving subcortical structures in cerebro-craniofacial development of autistic children. This research supports the concept of a “social brain functional morphology” in autism spectrum disorders.
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Brévaut-Malaty, Véronique, Muriel Busuttil, Marie-Ange Einaudi, Anne-Sophie Monnier, Enderson Loundou, Claude D’Ercole y Catherine Gire. "Evaluation of a tool to screen at preschool age for minor cognitive disorders liable to affect schooling among children born premature". Child's Nervous System 25, n.º 11 (24 de julio de 2009): 1437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-009-0922-7.
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Maruta, N. A. y S. A. Yaroslavtsev. "INTERCONNECTION OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS AND CLINICAL AND PSYCHOPATOLOGICAL FEATURES IN PATIENTS WITH PROLONGED DEPRESSIVE REACTION". Клінічна та профілактична медицина 4, n.º 14 (20 de diciembre de 2020): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31612/2616-4868.4(14).2020.04.
Resumen
Aim: to determine the relationship between the clinical and psychopathological features of anxiety and depressive manifestations and the features of cognitive dysfunctions in patients with prolonged depressive reaction.
Material and methods. The study enrolled 98 patients with prolonged depressive reactions. The study used an integrated approach, which consisted in the use of clinical-psychopathological, psychometric, psychodiagnostic and statistical research methods.
Results. According to the research results, a correlation analysis was carried out, which made it possible to determine the combination of clinical and psychopathological symptoms with the features of the cognitive functioning of patients with prolonged depressive reaction. Obsessive thoughts and hypochondriacal ideas have been shown to be associated with marked levels of anxiety; suicidal thoughts – with a protracted onset of depression and a minor depressive episode; mild violations of verbal productivity were associated with a major depressive episode and with a prolonged onset of depression, with 1-2 episodes of depression in anamnesis; a low level of attention switching was associated with an episode duration of up to 2 years, a protracted onset of depression, a major depressive episode, and an increased level of anxiety; average work efficiency correlated with a low level of anxiety, an episode duration of up to a year, 1-2 episodes of depression in anamnesis, a remission duration of more than 24 months; mobilization of mental processes was associated with a remission duration of more than 24 months and a reduced level of anxiety; high selectivity of attention to negative stimuli was combined with the duration of the episode up to 2 years and a pronounced level of anxiety; moderate disturbances in aggressive behavior patterns were associated with an episode duration of up to a year and a moderate level of anxiety.
Conclusions. The relationship between clinical and psychopathological features of anxiety and depressive manifestations and features of cognitive dysfunction in patients with prolonged depressive reaction were identified. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis and in the development of psychocorrective measures to reduce cognitive impairment in patients with depressive disorders.
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Maruta, N. A. y S. A. Yaroslavtsev. "INTERCONNECTION OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS AND CLINICAL AND PSYCHOPATOLOGICAL FEATURES IN PROLONGED DEPRESSIVE REACTION". Клінічна та профілактична медицина 2, n.º 16 (25 de junio de 2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31612/2616-4868.2(16).2021.05.
Resumen
Aim of research. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the clinical and psychopathological features of anxiety and depressive manifestations and the features of cognitive dysfunctions in patients with prolonged depressive reaction.
Materials and methods. The study involved 98 patients with prolonged depressive reactions. The study used an integrated approach, which consisted in the use of clinical-psychopathological, psychometric, psychodiagnostic and statistical research methods.
Results. According to the research results, a correlation analysis was carried out, which made it possible to determine the combination of clinical and psychopathological symptoms with the features of the cognitive functioning of patients with prolonged depressive reaction. Obsessive thoughts and hypochondriacal ideas have been shown to be associated with marked levels of anxiety; suicidal thoughts - with a protracted onset of depression and a minor depressive episode; mild violations of verbal productivity were associated with a major depressive episode and with a prolonged onset of depression, with 1-2 episodes of depression in anamnesis; a low level of attention switching was associated with an episode duration of up to 2 years, a protracted onset of depression, a major depressive episode, and an increased level of anxiety; average work efficiency correlated with a low level of anxiety, an episode duration of up to a year, 1-2 episodes of depression in anamnesis, a remission duration of more than 24 months; mobilization of mental processes was associated with a remission duration of more than 24 months and a reduced level of anxiety; high selectivity of attention to negative stimuli was combined with the duration of the episode up to 2 years and a pronounced level of anxiety; moderate disturbances in aggressive behavior patterns were associated with an episode duration of up to a year and a moderate level of anxiety.
Conclusions. The relationship between clinical and psychopathological features of anxiety and depressive manifestations and features of cognitive dysfunction in patients with prolonged depressive reaction were identified. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis and in the development of psychocorrective measures to reduce cognitive impairment in patients with depressive disorders.