Tesis sobre el tema "Mines (sites d'extraction) – Environnement"
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Dialga, Issaka. "Un développement durable fondé sur l'exploitation minière est-il envisageable ? : élaboration d'un Indice de soutenabilité des pays miniers appliqué au Burkina Faso et au Niger". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT3025.
Texto completoThe mining countries face diverse challenges as they strive for economic success. Our research is guided by the following questions: how to ensure a sustainable extraction of an exhaustible resource? How to minimize the cumulative impacts of this extraction on the environment and populations? To what extent do the perceived rents improve the living conditions of the people? How to ensure the sustainability of a harmonized development in the post-mine? This thesis provides answers by proposing a Sustainability Index of Mining Countries applied to Burkina Faso and Niger through top down and bottom up approaches. The index reveals a dichotomy between perceived rents and development indicators. The thesis suggests natural resource planning. First, renegotiating mining contracts. The reform of mining contracts makes possible the constitution of a substantial national rent in order to fund the structural transformation. This transformation requires 18.8 billion dollars in Technology and Human Capital. The simulation indicates that industrialization creates a dynamic between this sector and the rural urban sectors. The study suggests that the dynamics created in the economic dimension constantly fuels the other dimensions of the tool, namely the social, environmental, transversal and governance, political and institutional dimensions, in particular the "pivotal" sectors: education, energy and social justice. Finally, governments should define a permanent sovereign fund in order to guarantee the sustainability of development for future generations. The thesis suggests that the question of sustainable development has to be constitutionalized and the actions should be better defined
Corneille, Adrien. "Préférences hétérogènes des grands projets miniers : trois essais en évaluation non marchande". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UCFAD014.
Texto completoAccurate evaluation of mining impacts is highly challenging given the strong magnitude of socio-economic and environmental changes at play, and possibly related controversies. This thesis raises the question on how mining impacts well-being with a primary focus on population heterogeneity. A choice experiment survey is conducted to collect ground information on changing well-being due to mining within the province of Quebec, in Canada. Article 1 points to the importance of the geographic context, marked by spatial inequalities in mining impacts. We find that mining development can have long-range impacts on welfare, related to the type of mineral and individual risk perception. Paper 2 takes advantage of strong gold mining history in Quebec to study whether collective experience facilitates mining trade-offs over rare earths, that are new to the province and often poorly known by general public. Finally, paper 3 tests potential effects of information campaigns on welfare changes. Information appears to have little or no effect. However, this result masks high and contrasting effects according to opposing prior beliefs for or against mining windfall. The thesis concludes on relevant research extensions to help estimate mining effects on people’s well-being
Brunet, Philippe. "Émergence et permanence d'une question environnementale : le cas de l'industrie de l'uranium en Limousin". Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20930.
Texto completoThe research is based upon social and historical field investigations in the aim of understanding the evolution of environmental question posed by the uranium industry. From 1949 to 1995, in the very heart of French countryside in Limousin, the Atomic Energy Commissariat (CEA) and, subsequently, the COGEMA were the managers of the most important mining zone in France. Those first twenty five years are discribed as the uranium blessed period. The local economy combines agricultural and industrial elements. Individualized agreements exist between the CEA and farmers who are, in this period, very little disturbed by the juxtaposition of mining and farming. From the beginning of the 70’s, the increasing demand for uranium linked with the "all nuclear" national energy policy enlarges the mining activity to such an extent that the environmental and antinuclear movements growing in close by urban areas begin to introduce questions about environmental impacts. During this nuclear controversial period the former agreements between the COGEMA and other actors in the mining zone are changing. This is the period when environemental questioning about the destruction of landscape and the radioactive pollution of groundwater challenges the industrial point of view but does not succeed in destabilizing it. At the end of the 80's, the closing down of the industrial activity and the revival of antinuclear activism help to legitimize on a permanent basis the environmental question about the nuclear waste problem. The uncertain radioactivity period is characterized by the social silence which affects the mining zone and questioning about the past inspired by the presence of industrial leavings and waste. But the responsability for this questioning becomes mainly an expert business depended on technical devices because of the fragility and poor institutionalisation of non-technical procedures for social dialogue. The impossibility for environmental social actors to secure a stable local agreement reflects the difficulty of managing a heritage which has transformed itself into something negative
Adjei, Mensah Evelyne. "Dissémination environnementale du chrome en contexte minier : études physique, chimique et isotopique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UNIP7060.
Texto completoMetals cycle in the environment and the impact of anthropic activities are major environmental concerns. Ultramafic sites are characterised by their poor content in nutrients (N, P and K), their mineralogy dominated by Fe oxides and their natural enrichment in metals such as Cr, Fe and Ni. Thus, these systems are sites of choice for the mining companies. Mining activities produce huge amounts of wastes such as overburden, low grade ores and tailings. These wastes can be the source of water and soil pollution. Among the metals naturally present in ultramafic systems, chromium is mined as chromite ore. Chromium is stable in the environment under two oxidation states. Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) is a nutrient which plays an important role in glycemia control while hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is toxic and carcinogenic. The use of Cr isotopic signature has been proposed in order to trace Cr(VI) in groundwater and assess the source of contamination. To this day, there is no study at the scale of a catchment basin which combines Cr speciation and isotopic signature in order to determine Cr sources of pollution in a mining context. The goal of this study is to determine, with a complete dataset (70 water samples, 2 chromites, 2 tailings, 1 concentrated ore, 15 paddy soils and 5 sediments), what are the sources of Cr and which biogeochemical processes are occurring in environmental settings such as soils impacted by chromite mining. The study site is Sukinda valley (India), fourth site worst polluted in the world in 2007. Environmental, sanitary and social consequences link to such a site confer a particular interest to this valley in the study of Cr sources of pollution and biogeochemical processes involved. The two main problematics detailed in this manuscript are: A. To what extent do mining activities modify Cr mobility, availability, speciation and isotopic signature? Can we trace Cr sources thanks to its isotopic signature? Can we trace the biogeochemical processes involved in Cr bioavailability thanks to Cr isotopic signature in Sukinda valley (India)? B. What is the fate of Cr once released from mining wastes? What are tailings impacts on the surrounding paddy soils?
Hadna, Saliha. "Suivi environnemental des anciennes mines d’uranium : l’usage de la concertation en situation de controverse : deux études de cas : la Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres), Pen Ar Ran (Loire-Atlantique)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1145.
Texto completoThrough the analysis of controversies, our sociological research articulates two case studies on the subject of the use of the “concertation” on the basis of the uranium mine monitoring: La Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres) and Pen Ar ran (Loire-Atlantique). These two former uranium mines present two different configurations. In a first line of research, we are interested in the configuration of actors in an instance of “concertation”: comité de Mallièvre (La Commanderie). We present the “constraint network” which prevent the environmental associations from fully participating. The second line of research questions the usefulness of the concept of "collective construction" to better understand the foundations of the consultation. The third line of research leads us to observe a form non-established "collective construction": in Piriac-sur-Mer, a "community of knowledge" emerges as a result of the creation of the group of associations “Stop radioactivity”. In contrast, consultation takes place in the arguments, as a demand for "legitimation of knowledge"
Dialga, Issaka. "Un développement durable fondé sur l'exploitation minière est-il envisageable ? : élaboration d'un Indice de soutenabilité des pays miniers appliqué au Burkina Faso et au Niger". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT3025/document.
Texto completoThe mining countries face diverse challenges as they strive for economic success. Our research is guided by the following questions: how to ensure a sustainable extraction of an exhaustible resource? How to minimize the cumulative impacts of this extraction on the environment and populations? To what extent do the perceived rents improve the living conditions of the people? How to ensure the sustainability of a harmonized development in the post-mine? This thesis provides answers by proposing a Sustainability Index of Mining Countries applied to Burkina Faso and Niger through top down and bottom up approaches. The index reveals a dichotomy between perceived rents and development indicators. The thesis suggests natural resource planning. First, renegotiating mining contracts. The reform of mining contracts makes possible the constitution of a substantial national rent in order to fund the structural transformation. This transformation requires $ 18.8 billion in Technology and Human Capital. The simulation indicates that industrialization creates a dynamic between this sector and the rural urban sectors. The study suggests that the dynamics created in the economic dimension constantly fuels the other dimensions of the tool, namely the social, environmental, transversal and governance, political and institutional dimensions, in particular the "pivotal" sectors: education, energy and social justice. Finally, governments should define a permanent sovereign fund in order to guarantee the sustainability of development for future generations. The thesis suggests that the question of sustainable development has to be constitutionalized and the actions should be better defined
Boucabeille, Christine. "Biodégradation des cyanures métalliques et du thiocyanate par des cultures bactériennes : étude d'un effluent minier". Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT008A.
Texto completoHezard, Teddy. "Développement d'un capteur pour mesurer en continu et in situ les teneurs en fer (III) et fer (II) ainsi que d'autres métaux dans les eaux d'exhaure des anciens sites miniers". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP0988.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with mining effluents monitoring. It has been cofinanced by the Office of Geological and Mining Research and the Ministry of Research within the scope of the Fer_On_Line project, resulting from the network of Research and Technological Innovation on Water. The purpose of this project was to develop an electrochemical sensor for the continuous and in situ determination of iron(II) and iron(III) levels, as well as other elements, in acid mine drainage waters from abandoned mining sites and to transmit them by telemetry. The follow-up of these elements "markers" informs about the overall evolution of the mining effluents from a given site. It has been shown that the concentration measurement of iron [iron(I) and/or iron(III)] in the mining effluents from two abandoned sites (Chessy and Carnoulès) was possible by amperometric detection, as well as copper(II) measurement [Chessy]. Another species, such as arsenic(III) [Carnoulès], could be detected but not quantified. An electrochemical cell using impinging jet flow adapted for in situ measurements of acid mine drainage waters has been designed and carried out, as well as associated electronics. The prototype composed of the cell including the amperometric sensor and the measurement instrument has been established on the site of Carnoulès where continuous and in situ measurements of iron(II) level has been carried out during 7 days. The results showed not only a very good agreement between the values determined by amperometry and those obtained by colorimetry but also a good life time of the amperometric sensor. Thus, the continuation of the study is very promising
Tsiba, Jean-Kevin Aimé. "L'exploitation minière dans la région du Haut-Ogooué (Gabon) : contribution à l'étude des impacts environnementaux". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0361.
Texto completoThis dissertation is about the consequences of manganese and uranium mining on the environment in Gabon, especially in the Haut-Ogooué province. The extraction of manganese in Moanda, conducted by the Comilog company (a subsidiary of the French ERAMET), has both radically altered the landscape and caused chemical pollution in the local ecosystems. The extraction of uranium, formerly conducted by Comuf (a subsidiary of Areva, then known as COGEMA) has caused severe environmental damage, both in terms of abnormally high radioactivity and landscape alteration. In both cases, the confrontation of nature and society has seen an ever increasingly rapid transformation of nature due to the growth of human activity. Such manmade hazards have potentially fatal consequences. The environmental crisis created by the two mining projects has caused anger in the local population and the civil society at large, with people blaming the government and the companies concerned for not handling the hazards in the area responsibly enough or soon enough. This dissertation suggests several avenues to improve the local quality of life in Moanda (manganese mining) and Mounana (uranium mining) in the perspective of sustainable development. Those suggestions include the creation of public structures such as the “mine police” and of analysis laboratories in charge of environmental data
Terrier, Laure. "La criminalité environnementale ou l’impossible jouissance des droits de l’homme : le cas de l’exploitation industrielle et commerciale des ressources aurifères et diamantifères en Amérique Latine". Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100194.
Texto completoThis research work focuses on the socio-environmental impacts of industrial gold and diamond mining in Latin America. It analyzes the normative and institutional legal framework, both existing and projected, and its relevance in the pursuit of an ambitious goal: to restore a full and effective implementation of Human Rights. The case study of the open pit mine in Paracatu, Brazil gathers various testimonies and evidence of Human Rights abuses, collected during an investigation and fact-finding trip. The examples of cases in Guatemala, Peru, Argentina, Chile or Salvador bear also testify to serious environmental and Human Rights abuses in the context of industrial and intensive gold and diamond mining. Considering the seriousness of the facts described herein, judiciary mechanisms destined to sentenced environmental crimes will prove to be insufficient and less effective than extra-judiciary ones. A positive prospect is the implementation of standards that frame fairtrade and fairmined gold in a legal framework
Grgic, Dragan. "Modélisation du comportement à court et à long terme des roches de la formation ferrifère lorraine". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_GRGIC_D.pdf.
Texto completoCamizuli, Estelle. "Impact des anciens sites miniers et métallurgiques sur les écosystèmes terrestre et aquatique actuels : étude comparative des deux moyennes montagnes : le Morvan et les Cévennes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL035.
Texto completoThe Morvan and the Cevennes Massifs are nowadays protected for their outstanding landscape and biodiversity. However since Prehistory, these regions experienced mining and smelting activities. Because of remnant properties, locating these ancient sites is capital and then impact on fauna and flora must be estimated. This present work is based in on a pluridisciplinary approach combining archeology, geochemistry, ecology and ecotoxicology. Statistical methods, from modern prospection technique, have been applied in order to delineate geochemical anomalies, potentially due to mining exploitation and thus facilitate the archeological prospection. Spatial distribution maps of trace metals were built on six sites (three in each park). Biodisponibility was assessed thanks to the analyses of wood mice, trout and bryophytes. Even if it seems that most of these elements belong to the non-extractible fraction of soil, the remaining bioavailable trace metals can be detected in the bioindicators. A negative relationship between Pb concentrations in animals and their body condition indices was found, and in some cases developmental instability was higher, suggesting deleterious effect on current wildlife. As a consequence, the impact of past mining and smelting works is still traceable in ecosystems. For this reason, these sites should be monitored, particularly in protected areas thought to be relatively free of anthropogenic contamination
Hadna, Saliha. "Suivi environnemental des anciennes mines d’uranium : l’usage de la concertation en situation de controverse : deux études de cas : la Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres), Pen Ar Ran (Loire-Atlantique)". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1145.
Texto completoThrough the analysis of controversies, our sociological research articulates two case studies on the subject of the use of the “concertation” on the basis of the uranium mine monitoring: La Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres) and Pen Ar ran (Loire-Atlantique). These two former uranium mines present two different configurations. In a first line of research, we are interested in the configuration of actors in an instance of “concertation”: comité de Mallièvre (La Commanderie). We present the “constraint network” which prevent the environmental associations from fully participating. The second line of research questions the usefulness of the concept of "collective construction" to better understand the foundations of the consultation. The third line of research leads us to observe a form non-established "collective construction": in Piriac-sur-Mer, a "community of knowledge" emerges as a result of the creation of the group of associations “Stop radioactivity”. In contrast, consultation takes place in the arguments, as a demand for "legitimation of knowledge"
Omaña, Sanz Brenda. "Caractérisation physico-chimique du résidu de bauxite vénézuélienne : évaluation des options de valorisation dans le domaine environnemental". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10167/document.
Texto completoThe bauxite residue commonly called ‘red mud’ is an industrial waste generated during the production of alumina. The storage of this waste is considered as a major environmental problem, especially because of its caustic nature (pH> 10) and the huge produced quantities (about 1.5 t per tonne of alumina produced). The production of Venezuelan alumina (CVG Bauxilum) has generated more than 15 million m3 of bauxite residue. Moreover, no research has yet been conducted on the properties of these residues and their utilization in the environmental field. The main goals of this study focus on the physical and chemical characterization of Venezuelan bauxite residue (solid fraction) and in an evaluation of its applications as an agent for remediation of polluted systems. An integrated approach coupling chemical composition and adsorption properties, mineralogical phases, particle size, surface area and radionuclide content with studies of chemical speciation and bioavailability, yielded significant constraints including: 1) a high content of U and Th, and their respective isotopes Th232 and U238, as well as lanthanides 2) the potential risk of residue chemotoxicity towards a very labile fraction of elements such as aluminum and uranium 3) high sorption properties with respect to toxic elements, Pb, Zn and As, due to the large surface area of the residue, especially under acidic conditions (case of acid mine drainage). These results have shown the potential use of Venezuelan bauxite residue in key areas such as remediation of polluted systems (as amendment or sorbent agent) and in the recovery of metals of economic interest
Chamaret, Aurélie. "Une démarche Top-Down / Bottom-Up pour l’évaluation en termes multicritères et multi-acteurs des projets miniers dans l’optique du développement durable : application sur les mines d’Uranium d’Arlit (Niger)". Phd thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS018S.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to appraise the relevance of using an hybrid top-down / bottom-up approach to evaluate mining projects in the perspective of sustainable development. With the advent of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development concepts, new social expectations have appeared towards companies that go beyond a sole requirement of profit-earning capacity. If companies do not answer to these expectations, they risk to lose their social legitimacy. Traditionally associated with social, environmental, economical and political impacts and risks, mining activity is particularly concerned by these new issues. Whereas mineral resources needs have never been so high, mining companies are now expected to limit their negative effects and to take into account their different audiences’ expectations in order to define, together, the terms of their social license to operate. Considering the diversity of issues, scales, actors and contexts, the challenge is real and necessitates tools to better understand issues and to structure dialogues. Based on the Uranium mines of Arlit (Niger) case study, this work shows that associating participatory approaches to structuring tools and literature propositions, appears as an efficient formula to better organise issues diversity and to build a structured dialogue between mining companies and their stakeholders. First Part aims to present the theoretical, institutional and sectorial contexts of the thesis. Second Part exposes work and results of the evaluation carried out in Niger. And, Third Part, shows the conclusions that can be derived from this work and presents a proposal for an evaluation framework, potentially applicable to other mining sites
Brunel, Célia. "Dynamique des éléments traces métalliques (Pb, Zn, Cd) sur un petit bassin versant amont contaminé par des déchets miniers - cas du bassin versant amont du Lez (Ariège, Pyrénées)". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30025.
Texto completoOn the orphan Sentein mining district (Pyrénées), the Zn, Cd and Pb dynamics is studied at the scale of the Lez upstream catchment, with geochemical and mineralogical approaches. From the primary and natural mineralization, mining exploitation has lead to the redistribution of metal into several secondary sources (contaminated soils, extraction wastes and tailings). Tailings are the main storage compartment of metals. Submitted to erosion, they constitute the principal source. In this carbonated context, the metal exportation under dissolved form is limited by the formation of secondary minerals. Runoff and erosion are dominant processes for metal mobilization. At the catchment outlet, particulate dispersion is dominant specially, during storm events. The contribution of this mining site to Garonne metal fluxes is assessed
Achour, Yosra. "Etude de la mobilité des métaux (Pb, Zn, Cd) et des métalloïdes (As, Sb) dans les sols carbonatés contaminés par les rejets miniers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2022. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2022ORLE1041_va.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis provides answers on the ecodynamics and phytoavailability of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in agricultural soils heavily contaminated by mining waste developed on a carbonated bedrock of northern Tunisia (Jebel Ressas (JRS), Jebel Hallouf (JH1) and Sidi Bouaoune (SB) in a semi-arid climate.The main contaminants in question are Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb which can respectively reach 185037 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 28,000 mg.kg-1 at (JH1), 1021 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 1,355 mg.kg-1 and 338 mg.kg-1 at (JH1).These soils are essentially made up of clays (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite), carbonates (calcite, dolomite, and hydrozincite), silicates (quartz and hemimorphite), and sulfates (barite and anglesite).The rhizospheric effect on the mobility of PTE has been investigated using kinetic test with a mixture of low molecular weight organic acids. The results showed an increase in the pH of the solution (initial pH 2.8) up to near neutrality, leading to the dissolution of carbonates. Our results suggest that the most extractable elements are Cd and Zn and to a lesser extent Pb. an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively, was observed. for metalloids (As and Sb) their extractibility was relatively low with the exception of the soils of Jebel Hallouf and Sidi Bouaouane, with an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively.For the determination of the forms of the PTE in soils, two methods of sequential extractions were applied (BCR and Maiz). Jointly, the total dissolved concentration in pore waters, the labile fraction (DGT probes) and the absorption by plants (barley and peas) were measured in order to study the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of two sites post-mining (Jebel Hallouf - Sidi Bouaouane and Jebel Ressas).Our résultats showed that the PTE in the mobile and mobilisable fraction(Maiz scheme) of the soils are low compared to their total concentrations. The BCR scheme revealed that most of the PTE are bound to the residual fraction with the exception of Zn at JRS which is much more concentrated in the exchangeable fraction. An exception was also observed for Pb in JH(1) and JH(2) soils where it was distributed evenly in the exchangeable, oxidizable and residual fractions, the percentage of which varies between 23 % and 32 %.The response of plants to these contaminants shows that peas and barley have accumulated TPE levels exceeding the levels absorbed by plants in control soils.Total dissolved concentrations soil power water as well as concentrations measured by DGT are not correlated with primary plant leaf content. This result is explained by the fact that the concentrations of PTE accumulated in the plants are higher than those available in the power waters and that the replenishment of the solid phase is practically negligible.The risk of transfer of PTE to water was studied by percolation in saturated conditions in soil columns reproducing the surface profile. A progressive decrease in the redox potential related to the concentration of organic carbon in the soil induced an increase in the mobility of arsenic probably related to the microbial reduction of iron oxides
Pétriglieri, Jasmine Rita. "Alteration of asbestiform minerals under sub-tropical climate : mineralogical monitoring and geochemistry. The example of New Caledonia". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nouvelle Calédonie, 2017. http://portail-documentaire.unc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/These_Jasmine_Petriglieri-derniere_version_these.pdf.
Texto completoUnder humid tropical to sub-tropical conditions, weathering processes and supergene mineralization are the main responsible for genesis and release of asbestos fibres. The New Caledonia is one of the largest world producers of Ni ore that is formed by the alteration of ultramafic rocks. Almost all outcrops of geological units and open mines contain serpentine and amphibole, also as asbestos varieties. Mining companies must therefore deal with the health concerns related to environmental exposure to mineral fibres. At present, there is not a technique capable to instantly characterize an asbestos fibre in situ, providing information about size and distribution, morphology, chemical composition and alteration grade. However, the acquisition of all these parameters is necessary for determining the health risk associated to fibre exposition. The employment of specialized tools such as Polarized Light Microscopy associated to Dispersion Staining (PLM/DS) and portable Raman spectroscopy has proved extremely effective in the improvement of performance and rapidity of data acquisition and interpretation, even in the presence of strongly fibrous and altered samples. Regardless of the alteration state, a great variability in morphology was observed (SEM investigation). Preliminary geochemical analyses have proved that the physical-mechanical effect of fluid circulation within the porous of fibres and lamellae, associated to chemical elemental exchange at rock/waters interface, favoured the dissociation of fibres and their release in the environment. A focus was set on fibrous antigorite, recognized as asbestos only by Caledonian legislation, but still not by European law
Petsoko, Maturin. "Exploitation minière et droits fondamentaux en droit camerounais - Recherche d'une conciliation entre developpement économique et droit à la santé et à la vie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3018.
Texto completoAlthough mining is useful because it generates revenues, it also raises difficulties because it undermines some legally protected interests. This is why it is criticized for its many negative externalities that hurt some fundamental rights, as the right to health, and finally, the right to life. The question is whether to give it up or whether to maintain it. The solution seems to be maintenance, but for that, it must be reconciled with environmental and social considerations. The research question is how to organize a mining operation that ensures the preservation of the right to health and the right to life ? To organize the conciliation between these imperatives is the object of this thesis. It is justified not only by the usefulness of mining, but also by the interests attached to the protection of fundamental rights.Faced with this difficulty, the Cameroonian legislator has taken some important, but insufficient measures that need to be completed. The analysis reveals that the regulations do not give the necessary guarantees of a legal security that would integrate both the preservation of the general interest and the private interests of mining operators, and the fundamental rights of the citizens. These legal uncertainties call for further reflection so that the technical, scientific, health and environmental uncertainties raised by mining should fully be taken into account. This is the reason why several proposals have been made to optimize this conciliation. To this end, sustainable development appears as the martingale of the reconciliation of diverging interests.Conciliation involves the avoidance of damages on the one hand and the curative treatment of the negatives effects of mining on health and life on the other. Although the field of experimentation of research is Cameroon, the analysis remains mobilizable in others contexts
Auclaire, Florence. "L'Elaboration d'un dictionnaire technique trilingue français-allemand-anglais : domaine minier". Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040081.
Texto completoCamizuli, Estelle. "Impact des anciens sites miniers et métallurgiques sur les écosystèmes terrestre et aquatique actuels : étude comparative des deux moyennes montagnes : le Morvan et les Cévennes". Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL035/document.
Texto completoThe Morvan and the Cevennes Massifs are nowadays protected for their outstanding landscape and biodiversity. However since Prehistory, these regions experienced mining and smelting activities. Because of remnant properties, locating these ancient sites is capital and then impact on fauna and flora must be estimated. This present work is based in on a pluridisciplinary approach combining archeology, geochemistry, ecology and ecotoxicology. Statistical methods, from modern prospection technique, have been applied in order to delineate geochemical anomalies, potentially due to mining exploitation and thus facilitate the archeological prospection. Spatial distribution maps of trace metals were built on six sites (three in each park). Biodisponibility was assessed thanks to the analyses of wood mice, trout and bryophytes. Even if it seems that most of these elements belong to the non-extractible fraction of soil, the remaining bioavailable trace metals can be detected in the bioindicators. A negative relationship between Pb concentrations in animals and their body condition indices was found, and in some cases developmental instability was higher, suggesting deleterious effect on current wildlife. As a consequence, the impact of past mining and smelting works is still traceable in ecosystems. For this reason, these sites should be monitored, particularly in protected areas thought to be relatively free of anthropogenic contamination
Chavez, Baroni Ricardo. "Mise au point d'outils pour le contrôle du tir à l'explosif sous contraintes de production". Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0001.
Texto completoNouvel, Yves. "La souveraineté minière de l'Australie". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010285.
Texto completoMining sovereignty means the legal continuum which goes from the right of the state to grant a mining title to the right of the operator to exploit the mineral resources. Regarding the law applicable to this legal continuum, many steps appear. At the root, the sovereignty title is created under international law. Afterwards, the mining title is vested to the operator according to domestic law. Eventually, the mining title is exercised under domestic law in accordance with international law. This thesis applies this framework to Australian state's practice. At last, it appears that the aboriginal people have a major effect on Australian mining sovereignty. In fact, since 1994, Australian indigenous are holders of a native title over their ancestral territory. It implies that they are entitled to negotiate the access to the mineral resources of their land
Chatain, Vincent. "Caractérisation de la mobilisation potentielle de l'arsenic et d'autres constituants inorganiques présents dans les sols issus d'un site minier aurifère". Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0071/these.pdf.
Texto completoInitiated by the doctoral thesis of Claire Blanchard defended in 2000 and by a contractual research program within the framework "polluted soils and sites" between the Association RE. CO. R. D. (Waste Research Cooperative Network, France), and the the L. A. E. P. S. I. (Laboratory of Environmental Evaluation of Industrial Systems and Processes), various complementary methodological tools, based on the use of leaching tests, were developed and carried out, in order to characterize the potential mobilization of arsenic and other inorganic constituents from soils, collected from a gold mining site. Main results shown in this study indicate that arsenic release during contact with deionized water is limited by its very low solubility in the interstitial solution and by the stability of the amorphous solid phases present (mainly arsenate iron (oxy)hydroxides). However, a potential mobilization risk exists over the long term under specific leaching conditions (i. E. , pH or redox gradient …) which can arise in given management scenarios of a contaminated site. Indeed, a significant increase in arsenic mobilization was observed in extremely acidic and alkaline conditions for the selected soils, wich have shown a low buffering capacity. Reductive conditions, either chemically (with the addition of sodium ascorbate or sodium borhydride) or biologically (using appropriate stimulation of the indigenous bacterial activity under anaerobic conditions) induced; also reveal the possibility of a partial arsenic mobilization
Picaud, Frédérique. "Succession écologique chez les insectes orthoptères : application aux haldes de mines". Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0045.
Texto completoPasquet, Camille. "Evaluation de la biodisponibilité du nickel, cobalt et manganèse dans les poussières de sols ultramafiques et développement d'un outil de bioindication lichénique des poussières émises par les activités minières en Nouvelle Calédonie". Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NCAL0008/document.
Texto completoBioavailability estimation of nickel, cobalt and manganese in dust from ultramafic soils likely to be mobilized by wind and~eve lopment of a bioindication tool using lichen for dust emitted by mining activities in New Caledonia New Caledonian altered ultramafic soils, particularly rich in Ni, Co, Mn and Cr, are extracted by opencast mines which generale dust rich in metals. The objective of th is work is to develop approaches for environmental risk assessment of dust emitted by opencast mines and nickel ore metallurgical plants. The assessmentof metals' bioavailable fraction from two dust granulometrie size fractions, one less than 100 IJm which is mobilizable by wind (F<1001Jm,) and another one able to penetrate the respiratory system (PM 1 0), has been determined by kinetic extraction with EDT A. The development of a new separation deviee based on particle transport subjected to a nitrogen flux in a horizontal tube has been necessary for PM1 0 segregation. Kinetic extractions le ad to the distinction of th ree metal pools: rapidly labile, less rapidly labile and non-bioavailable. Trace metal potentially bioavailable concentrations were always high and the less rapidly labile pool is always the most concentrated pool. Concerning F<1 001Jm, the less rapidly kinetic constant of the less rapidly labile pool is weaker for mining soils than forest soils. F<1001Jm fractions from mining soils representa more durable reserve in trace metal than the same fraction from forest soils. Bioindication using lichens with compositional data analysis of their metal concentration allow defining an indicator of emission dispersion. This methodology could support air quality monitoring networks in New Caledonia
Mathieu, Eric. "Apport de l'écoute sismoacoustique pour la surveillance des chantiers miniers affectés de coups de terrains : application au cas des tailles de l'unité d'exploitation de Provence". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10435.
Texto completoGilles, Sandrine. "L'exploitation aurifère au Burkina Faso : Territorialité et gouvernance". Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL031.
Texto completoSince 2009, gold became the first export product of the Burkina Faso. It becomes the forth producer of gold in Africa. This research analyzes the changes in territorial practices induced by the exploitation of gold in Burkina Faso and the role of each actor involved in this mining process. Governance in the country is shifting. The adoption of a new Mining Code in 2015 expresses a willingness of the government to adapt to current problems in this field. Indeed, the place of the local communities asserts itself in the setting up of a mine. The mining potential in the country offers a development perspective for the country. However, the effects at the local level seem to be nuanced. The mine opens up certain territories while accentuating the phenomenon of isolation by the existence of a mining enclave. This thesis was supported by field studies and a quantitative analysis carried out among the gold-digger of two supervised artisanal sites. Various sources were used to carry out this research (photography, satellite, imagery, press article, ministerial data, interview with mining actors, field investigation, etc. ). They made it possible to highlight the logics inherent to mining in Burkina Faso
Molinier, Claude. "Traitement de l'information sismique en vue de la localisation de niveaux productifs dans la mine de Chessy". Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10566.
Texto completoYeckting, Vilela Fabiola. "Mineralizar la vida. Antropología histórica del ambiente, los conflictos sociales y el desarrollo en las Américas : el caso del proyecto minero Las Bambas en el territorio sur andino del Perú (2004-2018)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0037.
Texto completoThe perspective of mining conflicts and development processes in this research is that the protagonists are not static, but have both historical density and dramatic changes that happen in two dimensions; in the short term, at the current moment in which the events occur; and, in the long term, namely, of long and medium duration through time, which helps to configure historical cycles and processes. A nearness to the subject has been sought through an analysis of cases by historical layers, early modernity from the 18th to the 19th centuries; and, later neoliberal development of the 20th and 21st centuries in the Americas. Next, the 90s context to analyze the emblematic mining conflicts in Peru, till reaching the study case Las Bambas mining project from 2004 to 2018.The main question and aim of this thesis research are to answer: What is the relationship among the environment, mining conflicts and development processes in the country? Based on this principal question, I specify that the discourses on the development models in the country include conceptions of development that are related to the idea of taking advantage of natural resources through investments and their income. So that, therefore, the possibilities of making decisions about nature and promoting ways of production of local populations are limited, just as the institutions guarantee the right to a healthy and balanced environment are weakened.In the third part of the thesis, I make a historical review of the political and territorial transformation processes of the department of Apurímac and Grau and Cotabambas provinces, in order to address how Las Bambas mining project concession is inserted in them. The case study of this thesis is the timeline of Las Bambas project, from which I prove how the environmental and social impacts generated by the exploitation of metals occur between 2004 and 2018 years, in Cotabambas province in Apurimac, Peru. From them on the information collection about the conflict’s dynamics, I show how the environmental issue and territorial transformations keep subordinated or invisible in the proposals, where profitability and economic growth are prioritized in local development.The thesis cast on doubt on the position that mining conflicts are just conditioned by the distribution and administration of the benefits obtained from mining exploitation and production. In it, I show that the conditions that support the operation of mining projects are connected to the deterioration, depletion, and fragmentation of access to ground, water and air, which permeates "mineralizes", and as well divides social and cultural relationships, and community life, like an extractive condition characteristic in the mining areas where it operates
La perspectiva de los conflictos mineros y los procesos de desarrollo que asume esta tesis supone que los actores no son estáticos sino que están dotados de una densidad histórica en la medida en que experimentan cambios drásticos que se manifiestan en dos dimensiones. A corto plazo, en el momento preciso en que ocurren los hechos; y largo plazo, es decir, mediano y largo plazo en el tiempo, lo que ayuda a configurar ciclos y procesos históricos. Busqué abordar el tema a través del análisis de casos y capas históricas: la modernidad inicial de los siglos XVIII y XIX; luego, el desarrollismo del énfasis extractivista de los siglos XX y XXI en las Américas. Luego, el contexto de la década de 1990 para analizar los conflictos mineros emblemáticos del Perú, hasta llegar al caso de estudio del proyecto minero Las Bambas de 2004 a 2018.La pregunta y objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es: ¿cuál es la relación entre medio ambiente, conflictos mineros y procesos de desarrollo en el Perú? Partiendo de esta cuestión central, puntualizo que los discursos sobre los modelos de desarrollo en el Perú incorporan concepciones de desarrollo que se relacionan con la idea de aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales a través de inversiones y su renta, de manera subordinada a la actividad minera –que se convierte en discurso y una práctica oficial en el marco de una nueva dinámica productiva. Los significados de medio ambiente se relacionan con su capacidad para subsidiar los procesos de desarrollo minero, por lo que se limitan las posibilidades de toma de decisiones sobre la naturaleza e implementación de los modos productivos locales; así como se debilitan las instituciones que garantizan el derecho a un medio ambiente sano y equilibrado.Esta tesis propone retomar la trayectoria histórica de los procesos de transformación política y territorial del departamento de Apurímac y las provincias de Grau y Cotabambas, para luego abordar la forma en que se encuadra en ella la concesión del proyecto minero Las Bambas. El caso de estudio de esta tesis es una cronología del proyecto Las Bambas, a partir del cual muestro cómo se manifiestan los impactos ambientales y sociales provocados por la explotación de metales entre los años 2004 y 2018 en la provincia de Cotabambas en Apurímac, y en el Perú. A partir de la información recabada sobre la dinámica del conflicto, muestro cómo el tema ambiental y las transformaciones territoriales quedan subordinados o invisibilizados en las propuestas, que priorizan la rentabilidad y el crecimiento económico en el desarrollo local.La tesis cuestiona la idea de que los conflictos mineros sólo están condicionados por la distribución y gestión de los beneficios derivados de la explotación y producción minera. Muestra que las condiciones favorables para el funcionamiento de los proyectos mineros están vinculadas a la degradación, agotamiento y fragmentación del acceso a la tierra, el agua y el aire, que “mineralizan” y escinden las relaciones sociales, culturales y la vida comunitaria, como característica de la condición extractiva en las regiones mineras
Martaud, Thomas. "Evaluation environnementale de la production de granulats naturels en exploitation de carrière : indicateurs, modèles et outils". Orléans, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00412080.
Texto completoSamson, Stéphanie. "En attendant l'or. Une histoire souterraine de la colonisation française en Afrique noire. Explorations, prospections, économie minière (1850-1940)". Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100137.
Texto completoBambuk’s gold lured French explorers into the Upper Senegal region in the 18th century. So, why was there no Eldorado in the French African colonies south of Sahara ? This research focuses on mining investments: the failure of the Kenieba mines (mid-19th century), planed by Faidherbe, then Governor of Senegal, who was haunted by the myth of Bambuk’s gold, later the rushes of Ivory Coast, Guinea and the Congo, driven by the speculation in the British colonies and the success of the Belgian Congo, and in the 30’, the mines of Oubangui-Chari and Cameroon. The forms of the mining policy are studied through the objectives, means and methods of the administration, the use of science and techniques (cartography, geology), law reform and the relationships with companies and African gold miners. At first, military and administrators, afraid of a possible gold rush, chose a restrictive mining law. France was skeptical about the mineral wealth of Africa and specialized these colonies in agricultural products. However, bauxite and iron were found. In the 20’, Antonetti, ‘gouverneur general’ in French Equatorial Africa, favoured big business, which prospected for industrial minerals. In the 30’, a new lobby created by mining and metallurgy companies (CSMM and Comité des Forges), led by Fernand Blondel, a mining engineer, promoted Africa as a strategic place for minerals, pushing for an intervention of the state. Nevertheless, in 1939, gold and diamonds remained the main export minerals of AOF and AEF, 70% of this gold coming from traditional African mining. This was considered as a failure for the colonizing power
Aissaoui, Khemies. "Amélioration de la prévision des affaissements dans les mines à l'aide des approches empiriques, numériques et analytiques". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL101N.
Texto completoThe surface movements due to underground mining (phenomenon of mining subsidence) are of very complex nature. The resulting damage on surface infrastructures varies according to the magnitude of these movements. The "Unité d'Exploitation Provence" of the "Houillères de Bassin du Centre et du Midi" (UEPHBCM), in France, uses an empirical method based on the NCB abacuses for the ground movements prediction. But, this method is limited to simple geological characteristics and to ruined areas of rectangular shapes. Thus, we propose and validate on various mines a new methodology of subsidence prediction. It results from a synthesis of analytical and empirical concepts, and data resulting from numerical_ modeling in two or three dimensions. The methodology takes into account the complex character of the mining subsidence phenomenon
Salari, Rad Hossein. "Modélisation des affaissements dans le domaine aux données limitées : application aux mines abandonnées du nord de la France". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL091N.
Texto completoMicor, Marjorie. "Sociologie d'un engagement mémoriel : Analyse de la permanence de l'engagement militant des mineurs de fer retraités de Lorraine à partir de récits de vie collectifs". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0049.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the influence of militant commitment on old age and the influence of old age on militant commitment. Here are depicted the life courses of iron miners in Lorraine, who extended their militant commitment, born in the mines, beyond their closing and beyond old age. Crossing sociology of militant commutment and sociology of aging and old age, this research reveals the positive effects of militant commitment on the aging process and on experience of old age in its cognitive, psychological, psychosociological and social aspects
Ghorbel, Ben Abid Manel. "Contamination métallique issue des déchets de l'ancien site minier de Jebel Ressas : modélisation des mécanismes de transfert et conception de cartes d'aléa post-mine dans un contexte carbonaté et sous un climat semi-aride : évaluation du risque pour la santé humaine". Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU30120.
Texto completoAn integrated multidisciplinary method was proposed to study the transfer of metallic contamination from the waste of the old mining site (Pb-Zn) of Jebel Ressas, to Humans. We considered the physico-chemical characteristics of the source, the climate conditions and the topography to rank the dispersion vectors of metals from the treatment wastes to the environment. The wind is the main agent of scattering metals in all directions, with variable quantities which may exceed the standards of air quality for Pb and Cd up to several hundreds of meters far from the source. The particle hydric transfer is limited because of the soft topography around the waste dumps. The transfer in solution is negligible thanks to the carbonated environment. The risk assessment for human health at the village of Jebel Ressas show that carbonated environment and the neutral pH of physiological fluids in the body, limits metals dissolution and their bioaccessible amounts. However, Pb and Cd may induce a risk especially for children as well as a probable carcinogenic for the entire population
Segard, Maxence. "Les Alpes occidentales à l'époque romaine : développement urbain et exploitation des ressources des régions de montagne : Italie, Gaule Narbonnaise, provinces alpines". Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10063.
Texto completoBaroudi, Hafid. "Choisir le soutènement des galeries : réalisation d'un système expert". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10333.
Texto completoMimoun, Abdelghani. "Modélisation du soutenement par boulonnage dans les ouvrages souterrains profonds : cas de la mine de charbon H.B.C.M. France". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL112N.
Texto completoRaggi, Pascal. "Les mineurs de fer au travail (1945-1975) : les évolutions du travail ouvrier dans les mines de fer de Lorraine". Nancy 2, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/NANCY2/doc367/2006NAN21018.pdf.
Texto completoThe Labour Process and the Iron Miners analyses the daily work of workers in the iron mines of the Lorraine region from 1945 to 1975. It uses contemporary documents from the period in which the mines operated and - more importantly - oral history interviews with ex-workers, allowing this thesis to discuss the individual and collective aspects of the miner's trade. Previous historiographical developments in the history of mining are considered : to these, this thesis introduces the innovation of concentrating on the iron-miners and their labour, noting how their work led many of the transformations of mining. Through research using previously-ignored archives and publications which have rarely been examined by historians (principally technical journals for mining engineers), the thesis demonstrates that the iron-miner's trade never became technologically backward. In fact, this was a sector marked by its modernity, even at the moment of its disappearance : it was a trade which prefigured the great economic and social transformations of the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century
Merriaux, Karine. "Valorisation des ressources minérales du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg dans les mélanges hydrauliques". Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0173_MERRIAUX.pdf.
Texto completoThis study concerns the Luxembourg concrete’s mineral resources valorisation in order to produce some new aggregates to make concretes. In a first time, an inventory of Luxembourg mineral resources able to supply aggregates for concrete, is established. Two mineral formations, Devonian sandstone and Muschelkalk dolomite, are selected to produce aggregates. They are checked in laboratory in accordance with normative methods. Then, we interest in economic concrete mixture proportioning, based on the software BetonlabPro2, with substitution aggregates and local cements. All the current concrete properties are checked in laboratory. At last, material durability (aggregates and concretes) is studied, first towards freezing and thawing and then towards alkali reaction (alkali silica and alkali carbonate). Some recommendations are proposed to use studied aggregates in concrete according to environments in Luxembourg
Langue, Frédérique. "Mines, terres et société à Zacatecas (Mexique) : de la fin du dix septième siècle à l'indépendance". Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010664.
Texto completoLe, Thi Hong Hanh. "Distribution et comportement du polonium dans deux anciens sites miniers français". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4028.
Texto completoPolonium-210 (210Po) is a naturally occurring radionuclide resulting from the decay of uranium-238. In addition to its natural presence, anthropogenic activities can lead to a local increase in the concentration of 210Po, in particular uranium mining. The aim of this study is to better understand the impact of human activities on the distribution and behaviour of 210Po in soils. To this end, two former French mining sites are examined. The first, called "Rophin", located in the Puy-de-Dôme region, was mined in the middle of the 20th century. The second one, not exploited, is located on the site called "les Granges du colonel" in the Mercantour National Park in the Alpes-Maritimes. This second site has never been exploited, but it was listed as a potential site in the 1960s. Soil samples were taken from the wetlands of both sites. The total 210Po activity in each sample was measured. The sequential extraction method was then applied to determine the geochemical distribution of 210Po in the soils studied. Most of the 210Po (more than 70%) is present in the residual fraction, soluble only in concentrated acids (HF, HNO3). This suggests low lability of polonium in the environment. Apart from the residual fraction, 210Po is mainly present in the carbonate-related fraction at pH 5. The impact of pH and bicarbonate content on the solid-liquid distribution coefficient of 210Po was also studied. The results showed that mining activities at Rophin promoted the exhalation of 222Rn and led to disequilibrium between 210Po and 238U
Absi, Pascale. "Le diable au corps : organisation sociale et symbolique de la production minière dans les coopératives de Potosi (Bolivie)". Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0226.
Texto completoThibodeau, Denis. "Comportement et méthodes de dimensionnement des câbles d'ancrage utilisés dans les mines souterraines". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_THIBODEAU_D.pdf.
Texto completoTéreygeol, Florian. "Les mines d'argent carolingiennes de Melle". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010503.
Texto completoDeustua, José. "Mines, monnaie et hommes dans les Andes : une histoire économique et sociale de l'activité minière dans le Pérou du XIXe siècle". Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0005.
Texto completoMining in 19th-century peru, which revolved around the exploitation and exportation of precious metals and which had been consolidated during the colonial era, remained pre-industrial despite the changes caused by the national independence process. This economic activity did not transform the basis of its economic accumulation. This thesis studies the volumes of production of metals and minerals, the integration of this production with its rural and spatial environment, the characteristics of mining commerce and transport, the dynamism of mining enterprises, the relationship between mining and minting and the transformation of precious metals in money, which furthermore had a restricted circulation in peruvian territory
Ennour, Samir. "Modélisation des galeries de grande largeur en terrain stratifié". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1990_ENNOUR_S.pdf.
Texto completoGanem, Pierre-Henri. "Stratégies contractuelles des firmes aux fins de "sécurisation" d'investissements internationaux et volontarisme politique des états comme forces créatrices de droit dans les rapports transnationaux : la pratique des grandes firmes d'aluminium dans le montage et la réalisation de projets miniers et métallurgiques principalement en Afrique : 1953-1994". Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100171.
Texto completoLi, Yong-tao. "Spéciation de métaux et de leur impact sur les caractéristiques microbiologiques dans un sol pollué par le drainage minier acide". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077046.
Texto completoSoil samples were collected from two agricultural sites near Dabao Shan poly-metallic mine of China. Our aim was to characterize activity and speciation of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in soil and solution, and their relationships with soil mineralogical, physical and chemical properties. We further were to assess long-term impact of metals on microbial biomass, hydrolyses, organic matter mineralization, bacterial and fungal composition in relation to organic C, N and P turnover. The results indicate acid mine drainage irrigation resulted in strong soil acidity and metal solubility. Fe and Mn oxides bound metals were the major extractable fractions. Free and complexed cations were related to exchangeable, partially to oxides bound fractions. Hydrous oxides and clay minerais were pre-eminent sorbents controlling cation exchange and specific adsorption. Moreover, the metal variables were correlated to microbiological datasets. They inhibited microbial biomass C, N and P, FDA and C-related polysaccharidases and heterosidases, nitriflcation and P mineralization, while activated N-related enzymes, ammonification, total N mineralization and metabolic quotient. Furthermore, Metal stress inhibited fungal and bacterial populations and caused a decreased ratio of bacteria to fungi. The inhibition was more significant on bacterial DNA bands diversity than fungal taxa. Dissolved metal cations showed higher bio-availability than total contents. We demonstrate that linked microbiological and biochemical indices and their combined uses are reliable indicators of change in soil organic nutrient cycles exposed to long-term acid metal stress