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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Middle spotted woodpecker"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 26 de julio de 2024

Última modificación: 27 de julio de 2024

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1

Michalczuk, Jerzy y Monika Michalczuk. "The requirements of three co-existing woodpecker species Picidae in relation to forests' features in the agricultural landscape of SE Poland". Baltic Forestry 29, n.º 1 (4 de agosto de 2023): id561. http://dx.doi.org/10.46490/bf561.

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The occurrence of woodpeckers in European forests depends on many forest stand characteristics. During the study conducted in 2013 in the agricultural landscape of SE Poland (in an extremely deforested area with a 5% share of forest area), the habitat requirements of Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius, Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and Syrian Woodpecker Dendrocopos syriacus were described. For this purpose, the degree of occupation by individual species of 73 forest patches was assessed over an area of 355 km2. To determine the habitat requirements of the woodpecker species, a set of 7 parameters characterizing the studied forests and their surroundings were determined, viz. forest patch area, average age of the tree stand, etc.). Generally, the Syrian Woodpecker inhabited small forest patches surrounded by a significantly larger proportion (2.3–5.6%) of orchards, compared to forests uninhabited by this species. The most important factors that positively influenced the occurrence of the Middle and Great Spotted Woodpeckers were the forest patch size, average age of the forest patch stand, and area of forest stands aged older than 80 years. The Great Spotted Woodpecker preferred forest patches with an area exceeding 15 ha, but the Middle Spotted Woodpecker occurred only in forest patches over 42 ha. Such minimum forest patch areas should be considered essential for protecting the two mentioned species in a heavily deforested landscape. Small-sized forest patches should also be protected, enabling refuge for the Syrian Woodpecker. Keywords: bird conservation strategy, forest management, habitat selection, primary cavity nesters, rural landscape, woods, woodpeckers, SE Poland

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2

Bruckner, Attila, Gábor Ónodi y Dániel Winkler. "Distribution of woodpecker species (aves: picidae) in the Magasbakony landscape protection area". Magyar Apróvad Közlemények 15 (2023): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17243/mavk.2023.171.

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The several thousand hectares of nearly contiguous forests of the Bakony Hills, located in the middle of Transdanubia, are suitable habitats for all nine species of woodpeckers found in Hungary. In addition to literature work, field surveys were carried out to investigate the distribution of the species and the habitat types of the occurrences. During the research, it has been proven that the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) is the most common woodpecker species in Bakony Hills, followed by the Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius), the Grey-faced Woodpecker (Picus canus) and the Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Leiopicus medius). The density of White-backed Woodpeckers (Dendrocopos leucotos) in the study area was surprisingly high.

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3

Damoc, Ioana, Tiberiu Sahlean, Roxana Ion, Mihaela Ion y Lotus Elena Meşter. "Nesting Preferences for Two Woodpecker Species (Dendrocopos Major and Dendrocopos Medius) in Comana Forest, Southern Romania/ Preferințele de cuibărit la două specii de ciocănitori (Dendrocopos Major şi Dendrocopos Medius), în Pădurea Comana, Sudul României". Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 57, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2015): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/travmu-2014-0004.

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Abstract The main goal of this study is to get a better insight of the habitat requirements for the Great- and Middle Spotted Woodpeckers. Woodpeckers are forest specialists, threatened all over Europe mainly by the loss of forest habitats and also by the loss in quality of the habitat by reducing the food sources and nesting sites. Both species showed a strong preference for oaks, lime, large trees and dead wood for nesting, but Middle Spotted Woodpecker proved to be more selective in terms of tree species. Nest-height was influenced by tree diameter. Both species have the same nesting preferences for Turkey oak, lime and Pedunculate oak, in a Quercetum farnetto-cerris type of forest. The orientation of the nest hole on the tree was mainly NE-E-SE for Middle Spotted Woodpecker and N-NE-E for Great Spotted Woodpecker.

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Miranda, Beatrice, Karin Schiegg, Jost Bühlmann y Gilberto Pasinelli. "Eichenförderungsmassnahmen im Niderholz (Kanton Zürich): Auswirkungen auf Bestand und Bruthöhlenstandorte von Mittel- und Buntspecht | Measures to promote the growth of oak trees in the Niderholz (Canton Zurich): Impact on population size and location of breeding cavities of the middle spotted and great spotted woodpeckers". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 157, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2006): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2006.0333.

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From 1997–2003, forest management measures in favour of the vulnerable middle spotted woodpecker were conducted in an oak-hornbeam forest in northern Switzerland. In this study,we examine the consequences of these measures on population size and location of breeding cavities of middle spotted and great spotted woodpeckers. We found that population sizes of both species remained stable despite considerable forestry action taken in old oaks stands of vital importance for these woodpeckers. In areas where the two management measures «coppice-with-standards» and «thinning of coppicewith-standards stands» were applied, no differences in the number of breeding cavities of both species immediately before and after management intervention measures could be found. However, the proportion of breeding cavities of the great spotted woodpecker increased in old oak stands which were not subjected to management measures, while middle spotted woodpeckers used such stands as expected from their availability. We conclude that the two forest management measures are, at least on the short run, appropriate to the ecological requirements of the two woodpecker species.

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5

Spühler, Lisa, Bertil O. Krüsi y Gilberto Pasinelli. "Die Rolle von Eiche, Totholz und Efeubeeren bei der Habitatwahl des Mittelspechts". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 167, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2016): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2016.0021.

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The role of oak, deadwood and ivy for habitat selection of the middle spotted woodpecker Due to their habitat needs, woodpeckers are generally considered to be excellent indicators of forest habitat quality and biodiversity. In the EU and in Switzerland, the middle spotted woodpecker acts as a flagship species for nature conservation in forests. After several decades of decline in the Canton of Zurich, the population of the indicator species more than doubled between 2002 and 2012. The reasons for this positive development are so far unknown. It is hypothesized that an increased availability of ivy berries, sometimes eaten by the middle spotted woodpecker, may have contributed to the population growth. Based on the woodpecker monitoring 2012 in the Canton of Zurich, in 2013 the availability of trees with ivy berries at sites with and without presence of the middle spotted woodpecker was examined in eight forests. At the same time we also studied the availability of oaks and standing dead trees, two habitat factors well known to be important for the middle spotted woodpecker. Results revealed significantly shorter distances to large oaks and a tendency towards shorter distances to dead trees at points with middle spotted woodpecker presence than at points without. The distance to trees with ivy berries, on the other hand, was the same at presence and absence points. Occurrence probability of the middle spotted woodpecker was best explained by the distances to the closest large oak and to the closest standing dead tree, respectively. The importance of ivy contributing to the structural diversity in forest ecosystems and providing food and refuge to many species is widely recognized. Therefore, ivy should not be eliminated and oaks and dead trees should be continued to be fostered.

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6

Kotowska, Dorota, Marcin Zegarek, Grzegorz Osojca, Andrzej Satory, Tomas Pärt y Michał Żmihorski. "Spatial patterns of bat diversity overlap with woodpecker abundance". PeerJ 8 (18 de junio de 2020): e9385. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9385.

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Woodpecker diversity is usually higher in natural forests rich in dead wood and old trees than in managed ones, thus this group of birds is regarded as an indicator of forest biodiversity. Woodpeckers excavate cavities which can be subsequently used by several bird species. As a consequence, their abundance indicates high avian abundance and diversity in forests. However, woodpecker-made holes may be also important for other animals, for example, mammals but it has seldom been investigated so far. Here, we examine how well one species, the Great Spotted Woodpecker, predicts species richness, occurrence and acoustic activity of bats in Polish pine forests. In 2011 we conducted woodpecker and bat surveys at 63 point-count sites in forests that varied in terms of stand age, structure and amount of dead wood. From zero to five Great Spotted Woodpeckers at a point-count site were recorded. The total duration of the echolocation calls during a 10-min visit varied from 0 to 542 s and the number of bat species/species groups recorded during a visit ranged between zero to five. The local abundance of the woodpecker was positively correlated with bat species richness (on the verge of significance), bat occurrence and pooled bat activity. The occurrence of Eptesicus and Vespertilio bats and Nyctalus species was positively related with the abundance of the Great Spotted Woodpecker. The activity of Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Eptesicus and Vespertilio bats and a group of Myotis species was not associated with the woodpecker abundance, but echolocation calls of Nyctalus species, P. nathusii and P.pipistrellus were more often at sites with many Great Spotted Woodpeckers. Moreover, the probability of bat presence and the activity of bats was generally higher shortly after dusk and in middle of the summer than in late spring. We suggest that the observed correlations can be driven by similar roosting habitats (e.g., woodpeckers can provide breeding cavities for bats) or possibly by associated invertebrate food resources of woodpeckers and bats. The abundance of Great Spotted Woodpecker seems to be a good positive indicator of bat species richness, occurrence and activity, thus adding a group of relatively cryptic forest species that are indicated by the presence of the Great Spotted Woodpecker.

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7

Cernich, Sara y Domen Stanič. "Review of Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius distribution in the Karst region (W Slovenia), results of the first systematic census and first recorded breeding of the species in the area". Acrocephalus 38, n.º 172-173 (27 de noviembre de 2017): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acro-2017-0004.

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AbstractThe Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius is a highly specialised woodpecker inhabiting mature deciduous forests. The presence of large mature oaks Quercus sp. is a very important factor determining the species' presence and distribution. In Slovenia it is more common in the eastern part, where it inhabits mainly lowland flood-plain oak forests. In other parts of the country it is more localised, as is the case in western Slovenia, where small isolated populations were recently discovered. In this paper we present the currently known observations of Middle Spotted Woodpecker in the Karst region (W Slovenia), the results of the first systematic survey and the first documented breeding of the species in this area. The survey was carried out on the 20 of March 2016 in the wooded hills between the villages of Senožeče and Veliko polje. Using playback method we recorded a total of 8 territorial woodpeckers, confirming our initial expectations about the species' abundance in that area. Breeding was also confirmed in the hills of Senožeče, an active nest-hole was found on 23 Apr 2017. On 18 May 2017 at least 3 juveniles successfully left the nest. Middle Spotted Woodpeckers have recently been observed also in other oak woodlands across the Karst and nearby areas, especially outside the breeding season. These areas include Lipica, Bazovica, the Brkini hills and the Gorica Karst. From summer 2016 onwards several observations of Middle Spotted Woodpeckers have been reported from Lipica, involving up to four different individuals. Repeated sightings in this area and the presence of suitable habitat suggest a probable breeding. The increased number of data in western Slovenia during the last decade might be a consequence of more frequent field visits by ornithologists. Moreover, the presence of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker in this part of the country might be linked to the gradual spreading of forests and the maturing of oak stands already present here. In the above-mentioned areas, further investigations and systematic censuses are therefore needed in the coming springs.

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8

Mollet, Pierre, Niklaus Zbinden y Hans Schmid. "Steigende Bestandszahlen bei Spechten und anderen Vogelarten dank Zunahme von Totholz? | An increase in the population of woodpeckers and other bird species thanks to an increase in the quantities of deadwood?" Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 160, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2009): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2009.0334.

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Results from the monitoring programs of the Swiss Ornithological Institute show that the breeding populations of several forest species for which deadwood is an important habitat element (black woodpecker, great spotted woodpecker, middle spotted woodpecker, lesser spotted woodpecker, green woodpecker, three-toed woodpecker as well as crested tit, willow tit and Eurasian tree creeper) have increased in the period 1990 to 2008, although not to the same extent in all species. At the same time the white-backed woodpecker extended its range in eastern Switzerland. The Swiss National Forest Inventory shows an increase in the amount of deadwood in forests for the same period. For all the mentioned species, with the exception of green and middle spotted woodpecker, the growing availability of deadwood is likely to be the most important factor explaining this population increase.

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9

Horisberger, Denis. "La dynamique d'évolution du pic mar et du chêne dans le canton de Vaud". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 168, n.º 6 (1 de noviembre de 2017): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2017.0305.

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Evolutionary dynamics of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker and the oak in the Canton of Vaud In the Canton of Vaud, the Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos medius) has shown a considerable increase in population over recent decades: in 2015, there were about 170 nesting territories. A census of the woodpecker, by its song, and a dendrometric inventory, taken together, made it possible to map the forest environment favourable to this bird, and to estimate present trends. Standing volume of oak in territories occupied by the Middle Spotted Woodpecker is, on average 124 m3/ha, of a total standing volume of 302 m3/ha. In more than 90% of territories of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker, standing volume of conifers is less 150 m3/ha, and of non-coniferous other than oak 269 m3/ha. These forests show a strong deficit in young stands capable of succeeding the mature oaks; this situation represents a long term threat to the oak and, as a result, to the populations of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker. A logical consequence of this situation is the need for a policy based on a strong political will to encourage oak-rich forests; the high genetic variability of the oak gives it an advantage compared to other species with regard to adaptation to climate change, but also with regard to the maintenance of biodiversity, the result of a heritage of several thousand years, of which the Middle Spotted Woodpecker is an integral part.

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10

Winkler, Hans y Klaus Michalek. "PARENTAL CARE AND PARENTAGE IN MONOGAMOUS GREAT SPOTTED WOODPECKERS (PICOIDES MAJOR) AND MIDDLE SPOTTED WOODPECKERS (PICOIDES MEDIUS)". Behaviour 138, n.º 10 (2001): 1259–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390152822210.

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AbstractPaternal effort is high in some monogamous mating systems. Trivers' (1972) model predicts that high male investment in brood care should evolve only when males have a high certainty of paternity. For this study, we chose two woodpecker species: the great spotted woodpecker (Picoides major) and the middle spotted woodpecker (Picoides medius). Both species were socially monogamous despite a very high breeding density in the study area. We used DNA fingerprinting to determine whether these two species were also genetically monogamous. We found that in great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers paternal effort was high. Multi-locus DNA-fingerprinting showed that its actual paternity was also very high. In P. major all 161 young from 36 broods and in P. medius all 61 young from 13 broods were sired by the male feeding at the nest hole. There were also no cases of intraspecific brood parasitism or quasi parasitism (P. major: 114 chicks from 24 broods; P.medius: 33 chicks from 8 broods). We further found no case of mate switching during the fertile period of the female. Great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers are typical of a group of monogamous nonpasserine birds with high male investment in brood care having low frequencies of EPP. We did not find efficient paternity guards. High certainty of paternity may be explained by paternal care being essential for female reproductive success, as in many seabirds and birds of prey. Females rarely engage in extra-pair copulations probably because they are constrained by male care. Males in both species spend little effort in acquiring mates as well as in extrapair copulations. They expend their reproductive effort in defending territories and in parental care. Females compete intensely with members of their own sex for pair formation before the time of frequent copulation. Choosing and securing a high quality partner is the only possibility to achieve high reproductive success for both sexes.

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11

Vadász, Csaba, Gábor Kocsán y Gábor Ónodi. "Testing different isolation distances in woodpecker territory mapping in Central Hungary". Ornis Hungarica 30, n.º 2 (25 de noviembre de 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2022-0016.

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Abstract Woodpeckers as cavity excavators are crucial in forest ecosystems, therefore, it is important to study their ecological needs, specifically at the territory scale, using mapping methodologies, of which there are uncertainties considering detection probabilities and the distances of the territory centres in different species and habitats. We studied the effects of the number of visits and isolation distance on detected woodpecker territories in the 1,000 ha forest mosaic of the Peszér forest in Central Hungary. We made territory mapping in 2020 along existing trails and forest roads on the present woodpecker species as Black, Eurasian Green, Great Spotted, Middle Spotted, Lesser Spotted Woodpecker and Eurasian Wryneck. We found a very low detection probability for single territories during one visit, while with the increasing number of visits it is more unlikely to overlook territories. Considering the isolation distances, by lowering the distance, more territories can be registered, which suggests that researchers should take great care choosing the proper distance for a given species whilst avoiding the over- or underestimation of territories. This paper has an actuality as BirdLife Hungary announced the Eurasian Green Woodpecker as the Bird of the Year in 2022, for drawing attention to this species’ habitat preferences and conservation.

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12

Stański, Tomasz, Marzena Stańska, Artur Goławski y Dorota Czeszczewik. "Foraging Site Selection of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Leiopicus medius Linnaeus) in Primeval Oak-Lime-Hornbeam Forest of the Białowieża National Park: Comparison of Breeding and Non-Breeding Seasons". Forests 12, n.º 7 (25 de junio de 2021): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070837.

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The distribution of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Leiopicus medius) is restricted to mature deciduous forests with large trees, mainly oaks (Quercus spp.). Intensive forest management resulted in the loss of many suitable habitats, thus resulting in a decline in the population of this species. This study aimed to identify the parameters of foraging sites in the breeding season (April to June) and in the non-breeding season (other months). The research was conducted in the primeval oak-lime-hornbeam forest of the Białowieża National Park, where foraging woodpeckers were observed and detailed parameters of foraging sites were recorded. During the breeding season woodpeckers foraged primarily on European hornbeams (Carpinus betulus L.), but in non-breeding season the use of this tree species decreased by a factor of two, whereas the use of Norway spruces (Picea abies Linnaeus) increased more than twice. The most preferred tree species as a foraging site in both seasons was pedunculate oak (Quercus robur Linnaeus). In the non-breeding season, woodpeckers foraged at sites located higher, and the foraging session was longer compared with the breeding season. In both seasons, woodpeckers preferred dead and large trees and prey gleaning from the tree surface was their dominant foraging technique. Our results confirmed the key role of oaks and large trees, but also revealed the importance of European hornbeams and Norway spruces as foraging sites for the Middle Spotted Woodpecker.

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13

Gorman, Gerard. "Observation of a Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius with aberrant, brown-coloured plumage". Ornis Hungarica 32, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2024): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2024-0017.

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Abstract Birds with atypical colours in their plumage are not uncommon however, the potential causes of such aberrations have not been widely examined. Aberrant brownish-rufous phaeomelanin is one type of plumage colour that has been recorded in numerous bird species, including those which essentially contain only eumelanin (black) pigments, including several European woodpeckers. A Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius with aberrant phaeomelanised plumage observed in the Bükk Hills, Hungary, is detailed here and an evaluation of the possible nature of this form of plumage discussed.

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14

Junod, Pascal y Blaise Mulhauser. "La sylviculture favorable au chêne, facteur majeur de la progression du Pic mar Dendrocopos medius en Suisse: Exemple du Bois du Devens (canton de Neuchâtel) | Silviculture that favours oak as a major factor in the expansion of the middle-spotted-woodpecker in Switzerland. Example of Bois du Devens (Canton Neuchâtel)". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 156, n.º 3-4 (1 de marzo de 2005): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2005.0104.

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The middle-spotted-woodpecker Dendrocopos medius, which was deemed to have disappeared from the littoral of Neuchâtel,is a species in full expansion today, particularly in the Bois du Devens (MULHAUSER & BLANT en prép.). Without differentiated silvicultural interventions-i.e. differentiated according to area-today this region would be dominated largely by the beech. The article presents the evolution of the forest Bois du Devens, the development of silvicultural practice during the 20th century and its effect on the expansion of the middlespotted-woodpecker. The analysis of the silviculture practised in this forest since 1920, fleshed out with the numerical basis of the silvicultural inventories, provides confirmation of the dependence of the middle-spotted-woodpecker on oaks of major dimensions, with a preference for highly fertile habitats and underlines the importance of mature forest stands. Such heterogeneous stands are rich in microstructures, cavity trees,big trees, trees that accomplish their full life cycle, as well as entire crowns that are left on the ground after trees have been cut.

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15

Pasinelli, Gilberto, Johann Hegelbach y Heinz-Ulrich Reyer. "Spacing Behavior of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker in Central Europe". Journal of Wildlife Management 65, n.º 3 (julio de 2001): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3803095.

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Mühlethaler, Urs, Yvonne Reisner y Nele Rogiers. "Potenzielle Eichenwuchsgebiete und aktuelle Eichenmischwälder der Schweiz | Potential oak sites and actual mixed oak forests in Switzerland". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 159, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2008): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2008.0103.

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On behalf of the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), the Swiss College for Agriculture established the basis to foster oak species in Switzerland. For this, the growth areas of three oak species, common oak (Quercus robur), sessile oak (Q. petraea) and pubescent oak (Q. pubescens) were assessed throughout the entire country. The assessment was based on their physiological potential, their natural growth area and on the appearance of the middle spotted woodpecker. In addition, the older mixed oak stands were surveyed. These fundamental data were collected with a geographical information system and analyzed for each canton. Altogether, approximately one-fourth of the Swiss forest area is suitable for oak. The natural oak growth area covers however 38 500 ha only. About 19 000 ha of forest are populated by the middle spotted woodpecker and extended older mixed oak forests are found on approximately 24 500 ha. According to the applied evaluation matrix, the greatest potential for fostering oak species lies in eight cantons: Aargau, Zürich, Solothurn, Thurgau, Vaud, BaselLandschaft, Ticino and Schaffhausen.

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17

Ónodi, Gábor y Tibor Csörgő. "Habitat Preference of Great-Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major Linnaeus, 1758) and Lesser-Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos minor Linnaeus, 1758) in the Presence of Invasive Plant Species - Preliminary Study". Ornis Hungarica 22, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2015): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2014-0018.

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AbstractThis study was carried out in Hungary, in an old, unmanaged, riparian poplar-willow forest, where two invasive tree species, the green ash and the boxelder maple are presented and reproduce more effectively therefore are more abundant than the native species in the study area. There are also invasive hybrid wild grapes to be found. These invasive plants cause widespread problems in floodplain forests in Central Europe. We studied Great-spotted and Lesser-spotted Woodpeckers. We investigated the following questions: Which tree species are preferred by the foraging birds? How are the foraging birds distributed spatially between the microhabitats? Are there any differences in terms of foraging niche utilization between the two studied species? We gathered our data through weekly standard observations throughout two whole years. Based on our findings we could determine that both species preferred the less abundant native trees rather than the invasive ash and maple trees, though Lesser-spotted Woodpeckers preferred hybrid wild grapes the most. Great-spotted Woodpeckers preferred the middle heights of the trees, they also moved mainly on trunks. Lesser-spotted Woodpeckers used the thinnest branches in the canopy. Based on our results we predict that the decrease of the native tree species may create a suboptimal habitat compared to the current situation. As the studied species are the major cavity excavators, the above mentioned changes will probably have significant effects on numerous cavity dependent species.

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18

Kamp, Laura, Gilberto Pasinelli, Pietro Milanesi, Sergei V. Drovetski, Ziemowit Kosiński, Serguei Kossenko, Hugo Robles y Manuel Schweizer. "Significant Asia‐Europe divergence in the middle spotted woodpecker (Aves, Picidae)". Zoologica Scripta 48, n.º 1 (14 de noviembre de 2018): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12320.

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19

Stachura-Skierczyńska, Krystyna y Ziemowit Kosiński. "Evaluating Habitat Suitability for the Middle Spotted Woodpecker Using a Predictive Modelling Approach". Annales Zoologici Fennici 51, n.º 4 (agosto de 2014): 349–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5735/086.051.0402.

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20

PASINELLI, GILBERTO. "Sexual dimorphism and foraging niche partitioning in the Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius". Ibis 142, n.º 4 (28 de junio de 2008): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2000.tb04463.x.

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21

Kosiński, Ziemowit y Aleksander Winiecki. "Factors affecting the density of the middle spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos medius: a macrohabitat approach". Journal of Ornithology 146, n.º 3 (25 de mayo de 2005): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-005-0088-3.

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22

Palamarenko, O. V. "ОРНІТОФАУНА ДЕНДРАРІЮ БОТАНІЧНОГО САДУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ЛІСОТЕХНІЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ УКРАЇНИ". Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 82, n.º 1-2 (6 de septiembre de 2022): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.22.1-2.5.

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The article presents data on bird observations in the Botanical Garden of the National Forestry University of Ukraine. The information was collected from 2017 to 2021. In 2021, 37 species of birds were identified. Of these, 8 species belonging to the Passeriformes series are settled. The best represented family is Muscicapadae, including 7 species. The family Fringillidae includes 6 species, the family Paridae – 5 species. As many as 7 families represent only one species of birds. Birds identified in 2021 are: The great tit (Parus major L.), The Eurasian blue tit (P. caeruleus L.), Crested tit, (P. cristatus L.), Long-tailed tit (Aegithalos caudatus L.), The coal tit (P. ater L.), The marsh tit (P. palustris L.), The common blackbird (Turdus merula L.), Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris L.), The song thrush (T. philomelos Brehm), Redwing (T. iliacus L.), The mistle thrush (T. viscivorus L.), The spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata Pallas), European robin (Erithacus rubecula L.), Common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus L.), common pigeon (Columba livia, Gmelin), Eurasian magpie (Pica pica L.), The Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius L.), Hooded crow (Corvus cornix L.), The rook (C. frugilegus L.), Great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major L.), The middle spotted woodpecker (D. medius L.), The white-backed woodpecker (D. leucotos Bechstein), Grey-headed woodpecker (Picus canus Gmelin), Eurasian nuthatch (Sitta europaea L.), Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris L.), Short-toed treecreeper (C. brachydactyla Brehm), Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes L.), Common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs L.), European greenfinch (Chloris chloris L.), Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula L.), Eurasian siskin (Spinus spinus L.), Red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra L.), Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla L.), Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes L.), The goldcrest (Regulus regulus L.), Corn bunting (Emberiza calandra L.), Common buzzard (Buteo buteo L.). The most populated is the part of the arboretum, which is located at the top of the hill, where there are plantations of conifers, including yew, Amur cork tree grows. Ivy and mistletoe on the trees, attract birds throughout the year. The most important risk factor for birds is cats. A marten also occurs in the protected area. Care gardening has a pronounced negative effect on birds, especially during the nesting season. Such work includes pruning bushes, removing individual trees or dry branches, and removing fallen leaves. The collection of nuts, acorns and seeds is not carried out in full – for animals, there is always a significant supply of crops. No special animal protection measures have been implemented in the protected area. It would be appropriate to hang artificial nests in trees and inform people about the inadmissibility of semi-free keeping of cats that regularly hunt birds.

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Mohamadian, Farshad, Arya Shafaeipour y Behzad Fathinia. "Reproductive performance of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius around Yasouj city (South Western Iran)". Ornis Hungarica 27, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2019-0017.

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Abstract In the spring of 2018, 18 nests of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocoptes medius) were surveyed in a 300 hectare area of the forest region in the south and north of Yasouj. Egg-laying began in late March. Clutch sizes were between three and seven (mean: 4.29 ± 1.25, median: 4, N = 8). The incubation period varied from 11 to 13 days (mean: 12.4 ± 0.89 days). The number of eggs that hatched in successful nests (N = 8) ranged from 2 to 5 (mean: 3.75 ± 0.89). Hatching percentage (N = 7) was 90%. Duration of the nestling period was 23–25 days (median: 24 days). Fledging dates ranged from Apr 28 to June 10, and most chicks (77%) fledged in the first ten days of May. Number of fledglings from successful nests (N = 17) ranged from 1 to 5 (mean: 3.58 ± 0.71), whereas the mean number of fledglings from all nests (N = 18) was 3.39 ± 1.09. The percentage of successful nests (at least one fledged young, N = 17) was 94.4%. The overall duration of breeding varied from 39 to 43 days (mean: 40.8 ± 1.48 days).

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Węgrzyn, E. y K. Leniowski. "Middle Spotted Woodpecker territory owners distinguish between stranger and familiar floaters based on their vocal characteristics". European Zoological Journal 87, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2020): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2020.1716088.

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Fernández-García, José María. "The Middle-spotted Woodpecker Leiopicus medius in the Basque Country, Northern Spain: review of current ecological status". Ornis Hungarica 24, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2016): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2016-0002.

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Abstract Despite previous inventories and atlas of the avifauna in the Basque Country, Northern Spain, the dense population of the Middle-spotted Woodpecker Leiopicus medius in the Izki forest was not discovered until the 1990’s. This population mainly occupies a 3,700 ha Quercus pyrenaica forest, showing an average density of 0.89 territories/10 ha. The occurrence and abundance of territories is positively associated to the density of large caducifolious Quercus trees (>35 cm diameter). While nesting trees are apparently easily available, large trees for foraging could be a more limiting resource, given the historical exploitation regime of the forest. There are several other massifs in the region with smaller populations, but the functional connectivity, demographic and dispersal dynamics relating the core Izki and the peripheral areas have not been investigated. The conservation relevance of the Izki population in the Spanish context is high and given the need to understand the effects of forest management, future research should include spatial ecology, breeding performance as well as population monitoring.

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26

VILA, M., H. ROBLES, C. CIUDAD, P. P. OLEA y V. BAGLIONE. "PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Isolation and characterization of 12 microsatellite markers in the middle-spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos medius)". Molecular Ecology Resources 8, n.º 2 (28 de junio de 2008): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01976.x.

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27

Müller, Jörg, Jakob Pöllath, Ralf Moshammer y Boris Schröder. "Predicting the occurrence of Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius on a regional scale, using forest inventory data". Forest Ecology and Management 257, n.º 2 (enero de 2009): 502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.023.

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Zav’yalov, E. V., G. V. Shlyakhtin, V. G. Tabachishin, N. N. Yakushev y E. Yu Mosolova. "Ecological aspects of the dynamics of middle spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos medius) expansion in the Lower Volga region". Russian Journal of Ecology 41, n.º 1 (enero de 2010): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1067413610010145.

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Stachura-Skierczyńska, Krystyna y Ziemowit Kosiński. "Do factors describing forest naturalness predict the occurrence and abundance of middle spotted woodpecker in different forest landscapes?" Ecological Indicators 60 (enero de 2016): 832–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.08.020.

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Robles, Hugo, Carlos Ciudad, Rubén Vera, Pedro P. Olea, Francisco J. Purroy y Erik Matthysen. "Sylvopastoral management and conservation of the middle spotted woodpecker at the south-western edge of its distribution range". Forest Ecology and Management 242, n.º 2-3 (abril de 2007): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.052.

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Robles, Hugo, Carlos Ciudad, Rubén Vera y Vittorio Baglione. "No effect of habitat fragmentation on post-fledging, first-year and adult survival in the middle spotted woodpecker". Ecography 30, n.º 5 (octubre de 2007): 685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2007.0906-7590.05179.x.

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Kosiński, Ziemowit y Łukasz Walczak. "Population dynamics and regulation of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker in strictly protected and managed forests in Western Poland". Journal of Ornithology 161, n.º 3 (31 de marzo de 2020): 739–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-020-01765-w.

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Steck, Kurt. "Eichen im Aargau – eine besondere Verantwortung für das Fricktal | Oak in the canton of Argovia – a special responsibility for the Fricktal". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 154, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 2003): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2003.0281.

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A targeted nurturing of oak in the canton of Argovia goes against the natural development of forest stands where the dominant, naturally occurring species is beech. Because of this,afforestation with oak is both work intensive and costly and is therefore concentrated on sites where silvicultural, economical and ecological aspects have been taken into account. With the help of a simple model showing areas where, above all,oak is nurtured, comprehensively mapped forest stands were classed according to competitiveness and correlated to thermal levels, that represent an important site factor for oak. One important aspect surrounding the issue is the preservation of genetic resources and an adequate supply of appropriate seed from chosen autochthonal, indigenous oak stands. In addition,the endangered population of middle spotted woodpecker,which is tied to widespread sites of aged oak-rich deciduous stands, should be fostered. Taking ecological priorities into account a possible area to nurture oak has been demarcated in the Fricktal.

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34

ROBLES, HUGO y CARLOS CIUDAD. "Influence of Habitat Quality, Population Size, Patch Size, and Connectivity on Patch-Occupancy Dynamics of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker". Conservation Biology 26, n.º 2 (23 de enero de 2012): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01816.x.

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Pettersson, Borje. "Relative importance of habitat area, isolation and quality for the occurrence of middle spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos medius (L.) in Sweden". Ecography 8, n.º 1 (marzo de 1985): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1985.tb01152.x.

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Pasinelli, Gilberto. "Oaks (Quercus sp.) and only oaks? Relations between habitat structure and home range size of the middle spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos medius)". Biological Conservation 93, n.º 2 (abril de 2000): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(99)00137-8.

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37

Pettersson, Börje. "Extinction of an isolated population of the middle spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos medius (L.) in Sweden and its relation to general theories on extinction". Biological Conservation 32, n.º 4 (1985): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(85)90022-9.

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Domínguez, J., R. Carbonell y A. Ramírez. "Seasonal changes in habitat selection by a strict forest specialist, the Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Leiopicus medius), at its southwestern boundary: implications for conservation". Journal of Ornithology 158, n.º 2 (21 de noviembre de 2016): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-016-1415-6.

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ROBLES, HUGO, CARLOS CIUDAD, RUBÉN VERA, PEDRO P. OLEA y ERIK MATTHYSEN. "DEMOGRAPHIC RESPONSES OF MIDDLE SPOTTED WOODPECKERS (DENDROCOPOS MEDIUS) TO HABITAT FRAGMENTATION". Auk 125, n.º 1 (enero de 2008): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2008.125.1.131.

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Kosinski, Ziemowit y Pawel Ksit. "Comparative reproductive biology of Middle Spotted WoodpeckersDendrocopos mediusand Great Spotted WoodpeckersD. majorin a riverine forest". Bird Study 53, n.º 3 (noviembre de 2006): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063650609461438.

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Ciudad, Carlos, Hugo Robles y Erik Matthysen. "Postfledging habitat selection of juvenile middle spotted woodpeckers: a multi-scale approach". Ecography 32, n.º 4 (9 de septiembre de 2009): 676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.05806.x.

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Kosiński, Ziemowit y Paweł Ksit. "Nest Holes of Great Spotted WoodpeckersDendrocopos majorand Middle Spotted WoodpeckersD. medius: Do they Really Differ in Size?" Acta Ornithologica 42, n.º 1 (julio de 2007): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/068.042.0112.

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Leniowski, Konrad, Ewa Węgrzyn y Ziemowit Kosiński. "Mates Exhibit Similar Brightness of Carotenoid Red Caps in Middle Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos Medius". Acta Ornithologica 49, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2014): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/173484714x687154.

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44

Pasinelli, Gilberto. "Nest site selection in middle and great spotted woodpeckers Dendrocopos medius & D. major: implications for forest management and conservation". Biodiversity and Conservation 16, n.º 4 (8 de marzo de 2007): 1283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9162-x.

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Kosiński, Ziemowit, Monika Pluta, Anna Ulanowska, Łukasz Walczak, Aleksander Winiecki y Mateusz Zarębski. "Do increases in the availability of standing dead trees affect the abundance, nest-site use, and niche partitioning of great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers in riverine forests?" Biodiversity and Conservation 27, n.º 1 (28 de agosto de 2017): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1425-6.

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Mardiastuti, A., Y. A. Mulyani y M. D. Kusrini. "Bird visit to Ficus benjamina in two urbanization gradients in the tropics". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 948, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012061.

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Abstract Fig trees area believed to be important bird habitat in the tropics, including in urban areas. The research objective was to reveal the bird species that visited Ficus benjamina in the low and high urbanization gradients in the tropics. Data were obtained in IPB University Darmaga Campus (low urbanization) and Sentul City (high urbanization) in Bogor (West Java, Indonesia), through direct observations of four trees per site in the morning, midday, late afternoon, and night, totalling 276 observation hours. Total of 29 bird species visited F. benjamina trees (26 species in low urbanization, 12 species in high), mainly insectivores, nectarivores, and frugivores birds. Nine species were common in both sites, i.e., Spotted Dove, Plaintive Cuckoo, Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker, Small Minivet, Common Iora, Sooty-headed Bulbul, Yellow-vented Bulbul, Common Tailorbird, Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker, and Olive-backed Sunbirds. Nocturnal birds (Collared Scops Owl, Large-tailed Nightjar) were present in low urbanization, but absent in high urbanization site, so did kingfishers (White-throated Kingfisher, Collared Kingfisher) and some other urbanization-prone species. The high urbanization site was characterized by the presence of Eurasian Tree Sparrow at the fig tree. This study showed that F. benjamina has an important role for diurnal and nocturnal birds, even in the high urbanization site.

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47

Pasinelli, Gilberto. "Genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure support the specialist-generalist variation hypothesis in two sympatric woodpecker species". Conservation Genetics, 13 de junio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-022-01451-9.

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AbstractSpecies are often arranged along a continuum from “specialists” to “generalists”. Specialists typically use fewer resources, occur in more patchily distributed habitats and have overall smaller population sizes than generalists. Accordingly, the specialist-generalist variation hypothesis (SGVH) proposes that populations of habitat specialists have lower genetic diversity and are genetically more differentiated due to reduced gene flow compared to populations of generalists. Here, expectations of the SGVH were tested by examining genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and contemporary gene flow in two sympatric woodpecker species differing in habitat specialization. Compared to the generalist great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), lower genetic diversity was found in the specialist middle spotted woodpecker (Dendrocoptes medius). Evidence for recent bottlenecks was revealed in some populations of the middle spotted woodpecker, but in none of the great spotted woodpecker. Substantial spatial genetic structure and a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances were found in the middle spotted woodpecker, but only weak spatial genetic structure and no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances in the great spotted woodpecker. Finally, estimated levels of contemporary gene flow did not differ between the two species. Results are consistent with all but one expectations of the SGVH. This study adds to the relatively few investigations addressing the SGVH in terrestrial vertebrates.

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Węgrzyn, Ewa, Wiktor Węgrzyn y Konrad Leniowski. "Contact calls in woodpeckers are individually distinctive, show significant sex differences and enable mate recognition". Scientific Reports 11, n.º 1 (23 de noviembre de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02034-3.

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AbstractVocal communication of woodpeckers has been relatively little studied so far, mostly because majority of species use drumming to communicate. Our recent study on the Middle Spotted Woodpecker revealed that a call which is specific for floaters is individually distinctive and functions as a vocal signature of unpaired individuals. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether a contact call of paired territory owners of the same species enables discrimination of individuals and their sex. Acoustic analyses revealed that the call is individually distinctive and experimental approach confirmed that woodpeckers are able to distinguish between a contact call of their partner and a stranger. We also found that the contact call shows significant sex differences. Interestingly, the acoustic parameter enabling sex identification is different than the parameters coding individual variability of the call. The design of a call so that its first part would code the identity of an individual and the second part would code its sex presents an effective and fine-tuned communication system. The results of our study also suggest that the contact call of paired Middle Spotted Woodpeckers may be useful for conservation biologists as a tool supporting other census methods.

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Ónodi, Gabor, Zoltán Botta-Dukát, Dániel Winkler y Christian H. Schulze. "The importance of tree species identity and trait-based winter foraging ecology of bark-foraging bird species in a large Central European floodplain forest". Biodiversity and Conservation, 27 de abril de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02852-7.

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AbstractBeyond preferences for particular species of tree, bark-foraging birds are associated with various tree characteristics such as decay stage, trunk diameter, or bark roughness. Our objectives were to study the winter foraging ecology of different bark-foraging bird species in the highly diverse floodplain forests of Donau-Auen National Park (Austria) by examining the importance of tree species and characteristics. We used 'first-foraging' observations on the great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), middle spotted woodpecker (Leiopicus medius), Eurasian nuthatch (Sitta europaea), treecreepers (Certhia spp.), great tit (Parus major), Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), and marsh tit (Poecile palustris). We examined bird-tree relationships with a bird-plant network approach, where we compared traits of trees and their preferences among avian species. The five most important tree species relative to distance-weighted fragmentation were European white elm (Ulmus laevis), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), and white and black poplar (Populus alba, P. nigra). Avian taxa differed only in the use of tree condition, where woodpeckers used decayed and dead trees more than tits. Most species preferred trees of larger trunk diameter with rougher bark. We suspect that changes in these highly diverse floodplain forest stands will eventually lead to changes in bark-foraging bird assemblages. For the protection of such highly diverse floodplain forests, conservation-based water management practices will be crucial to maintaining a sufficient groundwater table. Our findings also suggest that forest management practices should focus on more diverse commercial forest stands with a critical amount of secondary tree species, a variety of size classes, varying tree conditions, and species with different bark roughness classes.

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Turner, Kyle. "The Structure and Function of Drumming in the Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius". Acta Ornithologica 55, n.º 1 (19 de octubre de 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/00016454ao2020.55.1.013.

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