Tesis sobre el tema "Microstructure des roches"
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Léger, Marie. "Formation des réseaux karstiques : Rôle des hétérogénéités structurales, hydrodynamiques et minérales". Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG012.
Carbonate rocks constitute a very important part of the rocks at the Earth surface. Associated reservoirs represent essential resources for human societies, whether direct (water, gas, hydrocarbons) or indirect (geothermal energy, storage of CO2).The high reactivity of carbonate rocks is responsible for karstification, a reaction process due to the thermodynamic imbalance between the rock and the water circulating in the reservoir. This results in the formation of karstic aquifers, characterized by strong structural heterogeneities going with a complex hydrological behavior. This makes it a vulnerable system, but also a very productive one.In order to better manage these reservoirs and the water resource they contain, a better understanding of the formation and location of karst conduits is necessary.For this purpose, laboratory experiments can be performed to reproduce the karstification phenomenon at small scale. Rock samples from three types of carbonate rocks are extracted from homogeneous rock blocks in order to be dissolved. The rocks studied are a chalk, a crinoidal limestone and a dolomite, and the samples are considered to be REV.Before the experiments, the samples are characterized by laboratory and imaging methods, in order to know their structural, elastic, mechanical, mineral and hydrodynamic properties.They are then submitted to an injection of acidic fluid in an experimental device developed during the thesis. For chalk samples, two fluids with different acid concentrations are used, unlike crinoidal limestone and dolomite, where only one acid is used. Different flow rates, associated with different Péclet conditions, are applied to the samples. During the dissolutions, hydrodynamic and hydrochemical data are recorded continuously.After the experiments, the same measurements as before the experiments are performed.The characterization of the samples has shown that the microstructure controls the rock properties, and that the relationships established between the petrophysical properties at the sample scale are found at large scale reservoirs.For all rocks, the injection of acidic fluid into the samples causes rock dissolution, leading to the formation of preferential conduits, associated with an increase in permeability and porosity. Moreover, the observed dissolution regimes are directly correlated to the concentration of the injected acid and its flow rate, but also to the initial structural properties of the rock.For the experiments conducted on chalk, which is a very heterogeneous rock due to its high proportion of micropores, heterogeneities are responsible for the dissolution patterns observed, in particular the formation of channels while the experimental conditions suggest an uniform dissolution.For experiments involving all three rock types, the dolomite-containing rock shows a lower dissolution rate than the rocks without dolomite, which is due to the lower reaction kinetics of dolomite compared to calcite. With its high microporosity, chalk is the rock with the highest dissolution rate. Moreover, the conduits created in dolomite are much more localized and linear than the conduits in the other rocks. For the same amount of acid injected, the mineralogy of the rock, associated with its structure, is therefore mainly responsible for the dissolution figures in the rock
Fabre, Géraldine. "Fluage et endommagement des roches argileuses : évolution de la microstructure et modélisation phénoménologique". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009830.
Ammiar, Belkacem. "Microstructure et effet d'échelle dans les essais de micro-indentation sur les roches". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENPC0004.
Léger, Marie. "Formation des réseaux karstiques : Rôle des hétérogénéités structurales, hydrodynamiques et minérales". Thesis, Montpellier, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022MONTG012.
Carbonate rocks constitute a very important part of the rocks at the Earth surface. Associated reservoirs represent essential resources for human societies, whether direct (water, gas, hydrocarbons) or indirect (geothermal energy, storage of CO2).The high reactivity of carbonate rocks is responsible for karstification, a reaction process due to the thermodynamic imbalance between the rock and the water circulating in the reservoir. This results in the formation of karstic aquifers, characterized by strong structural heterogeneities going with a complex hydrological behavior. This makes it a vulnerable system, but also a very productive one.In order to better manage these reservoirs and the water resource they contain, a better understanding of the formation and location of karst conduits is necessary.For this purpose, laboratory experiments can be performed to reproduce the karstification phenomenon at small scale. Rock samples from three types of carbonate rocks are extracted from homogeneous rock blocks in order to be dissolved. The rocks studied are a chalk, a crinoidal limestone and a dolomite, and the samples are considered to be REV.Before the experiments, the samples are characterized by laboratory and imaging methods, in order to know their structural, elastic, mechanical, mineral and hydrodynamic properties.They are then submitted to an injection of acidic fluid in an experimental device developed during the thesis. For chalk samples, two fluids with different acid concentrations are used, unlike crinoidal limestone and dolomite, where only one acid is used. Different flow rates, associated with different Péclet conditions, are applied to the samples. During the dissolutions, hydrodynamic and hydrochemical data are recorded continuously.After the experiments, the same measurements as before the experiments are performed.The characterization of the samples has shown that the microstructure controls the rock properties, and that the relationships established between the petrophysical properties at the sample scale are found at large scale reservoirs.For all rocks, the injection of acidic fluid into the samples causes rock dissolution, leading to the formation of preferential conduits, associated with an increase in permeability and porosity. Moreover, the observed dissolution regimes are directly correlated to the concentration of the injected acid and its flow rate, but also to the initial structural properties of the rock.For the experiments conducted on chalk, which is a very heterogeneous rock due to its high proportion of micropores, heterogeneities are responsible for the dissolution patterns observed, in particular the formation of channels while the experimental conditions suggest an uniform dissolution.For experiments involving all three rock types, the dolomite-containing rock shows a lower dissolution rate than the rocks without dolomite, which is due to the lower reaction kinetics of dolomite compared to calcite. With its high microporosity, chalk is the rock with the highest dissolution rate. Moreover, the conduits created in dolomite are much more localized and linear than the conduits in the other rocks. For the same amount of acid injected, the mineralogy of the rock, associated with its structure, is therefore mainly responsible for the dissolution figures in the rock
Zoussi, Sophia. "Mesures et modélisation de la microstructure et des propriétés de transport de roches sédimentaires". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR10335.
Kalo, Kassem. "Caractérisation microstructurale et modélisation micromécanique de roches poreuses oolithiques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0203/document.
The aim of this work is to study the influence of the microstructure of heterogeneous porous rocks on the behavior at the macroscopic scale. Thus, we characterized the microstructure and micromechanical properties (thanks to nano-indentation tests) of two porous oolitic rocks (Lavoux limestone and iron ore) to calculate their effective mechanical and thermal properties. Oolitic rocks are constituted by an assemblage of porous grains (oolites), pores and inter-granular crystals. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray 3D Computed Tomography were used to identify the different components of these rocks. Particular attention was given to X-Ray computed tomography since this analytical method allows the characterization of the porous network (size, spatial distribution, and volume fraction), and the shapes of oolites and inter-oolitic crystals. The novelty of this work lies in taking into account the 3D real shape of pores. Hence, we approximated porous oolites by spheres and irregularly shaped pores by ellipsoids. This approximation was performed thanks to the principal component analysis (PCA), which provides the geometrical properties such as length of semi-axes and orientation of resulting ellipsoids. The sphericity of the approximated oolites was calculated and the values close to 1 allowed us to consider oolites as spheres. To verify the approximation in the case of pores, we evaluated the contribution of these irregularly shaped three-dimensional pores to the overall elastic properties. Thus, compliance contribution tensors for 3D irregular pores and their ellipsoidal approximations were calculated using the finite element method (FEM). These tensors were compared and a relative error was estimated to evaluate the accuracy of the approximation. This error produces a maximum discrepancy of 4.5% between the two solutions for pores and ellipsoids which verifies the proposed approximation procedure based on PCA. The FEM numerical method was verified by comparing the numerical solution for compliance contribution tensors of ellipsoids to the analytical solution based on Eshelby’s theory. The difference between these two solutions does not exceed 3%. The same numerical method was used to calculate thermal resistivity contribution tensors. Calculated compliance and resistivity contribution tensors were used to evaluate effective elastic properties (bulk modulus and shear coefficient) and effective thermal conductivity by considering the two-step Maxwell homogenization scheme. The results showed an important influence of the porosity on effective properties. Finally, the results obtained for irregular pores were compared to those for ellipsoidal ones and they showed a good agreement with a maximum deviation of 4% which verifies once again the approximation of irregularly shaped pores by tri-axial ellipsoids
Gasc-Barbier, Muriel. "Étude des mécanismes de déformation de roches argileuses profondes : apport de la microstructure et des analyses pétrophysiques". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066151.
Saur, Hugo. "Étude des microstructures par tomographie à rayons X : application aux roches clastiques à grain fin". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PAUU3005.
The study of the microstructure of rocks is essential for our contemporary and future challenges in energy, engineering and construction. Furthermore, this study allows us to characterize the geological deformation processes that led to the current state of geological formations. Fine-grained clastic rocks, commonly called "shales", represent about two-thirds of all sedimentary rocks. 3D data concerning silt-sized grains or clasts embedded in the porous clay-rich matrix of this type of rock are relatively scarce despite the fact that these data are crucial to understand the anisotropic properties of these rocks at the macroscale but also to evaluate the deformation state of the rock matrix. A better understanding of the microstructure of these rocks would allow us to predict their mechanical or physical properties, which are essential for applications in the energy sector, among others. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a non-destructive technique providing a 3D image of the microstructure of any object. A direct geometric characterization of the constituents of fine-grained clastic rocks is possible with this technique. Based on XCT images, this thesis aims first to develop methodological aspects to study the 3D shape fabric of silt particles and their spatial distribution. The moments of inertia of segmented grains from 3D digital images are used for this development. We then present applications on fine-grained rocks with a sedimentary fabric and on deformed fine-grained rocks with a tectonic fabric. The first application part of the thesis focuses on the same lithologic unit having experienced different amounts of deformation. Samples from the South Pyrenean Basin and samples from a historical outcrop in the Central Appalachians were collected. We provide new data on the evolution of the 3D shape of grains and pores at the micrometer scale and their arrangement in the rock matrix with respect to the deformation intensity. The obtained data allow discussing the deformation mechanisms at the grain scale of the different mineralogical phases. However, the limited size of the imaged samples by means of XCT (≤ 2 mm diameter) raises the question of the representativeness of these analyses. On the South Pyrenean site, some samples are studied in more detail to evaluate the homogeneity of the results. We show that the XCT data complement the indirect petrophysical measurements by providing access to localized sub-fabrics that are integrated in a bulk measurement of the rock fabric. The limits are reached when the characteristic length of the deformation structures are on the order of the sample size imaged by XCT. In the second application part, samples from turbiditic systems of the South Pyrenean basin are analyzed. These systems, when deformed in compressive tectonic settings, record the same amount of shortening differently expressed in the various siliciclastic matrices. The results obtained from the shape data of the clasts are compared to our bulk magnetic fabric measurements and show a good consistency. The methodology presented in this work can be extended to other types of porous and granular media for a better understanding of the influence of fabric anisotropy on their macroscopic properties and mechanical behavior
Clavaud, Jean-Baptiste. "Etude des proprietes de transport (hydraulique et electrique) des roches : effets de la microstructure, de la presence de plusieurs fluides, de la fracturation et de l'interaction eau-roche". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077016.
Xie, Shouyi Shao Jianfu. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique d'une roche poreuse". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/189.
N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3647. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 128-135.
Furstoss, Jean. "Approche numérique de l'évolution microstructurale des péridotites". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4066.
This thesis aims at simulating the microstructural evolutions of upper mantle rocks under thermomechanical conditions representative of the Earth’s lithosphere. Indeed, the mechanical behavior of these rocks controls, at first order, the rheology of the lithosphere and thus of the tectonic plates.The tools used and developed in this work are based on the level-set (LS) formalism allowing an implicit description of the grain boundaries and the modelling of grain boundary migration (GBM) at the polycrystal scale. Thus, the microstructural evolutions are simulated in a robust and efficient finite element (FE) framework allowing a coupling with crystal plasticity (CP) calculations which allows to describe the mechanical behavior of the rock.A first large part of this thesis is devoted to the deformation-free grain growth (GG) in peridotites. Firstly we show that the GG kinetics of olivine (major phase of peridotites), considering only capillarity force, is not in agreement with the natural constraints on the GG kinetics of peridotites. Secondly, it is shown that the introduction of secondary phases such as pyroxenes and spinels can slow GG but is not sufficient to reach kinetics compatible with natural constraints. Finally, it is proposed that impurities play an important role in the GG kinetics of mantel rocks and that taking them into account allows reconciling the constraints coming from laboratory experiments and natural observations.In a second part of the thesis, the constitutive model used to describe the mechanical behavior of olivine in a CP framework is presented. The manipulation of the different tensors in this numerical framework is based on the construction of particular tensor bases considering the symmetries of the crystal and allowing the use of anisotropic elasticity in a straightforward and natural way. The mixed FE velocity-pressure formulation is also modified to take into account the elastic anisotropy. This way of describing the deformation is then enriched with a relaxation mechanism supposed to represent the various processes, other than dislocation glide, accommodating deformation in olivine polycrystals. This description is then coupled with the LS formalism to simulate the microstructural evolutions of an olivine aggregate during deformation. This numerical framework is finally used to study the strain localization in olivine polycrystals along different types of pre-existing shear zones.Finally, the limits and perspectives of the development of numerical formalism to arrive at a faithful description of the microstructural evolutions of a mantle rocks within the lithospheric thermomechanical conditions are discussed
Bésuelle, Pierre. "Deformation et rupture dans les roches tendres et les sols indures : comportement homogene et localisation". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10079.
Chen, Fengjuan. "Modélisation micromécanique de milieux poreux hétérogènes et applications aux roches oolithiques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0134/document.
Focusing on the effect of shape factor on the overall effective properties of heterogeneous materials, the 1st and the 2nd Eshelby problem related to 3-D non-ellipsoidal inhomogeneities with a specific application to oolitic rocks have been discussed in the current work. Particular attention is focused on concaves shapes such as supersphere and superspheroid. For rocks, they may represent pores or solid mineral materials embbeded in the surrounding rock matrix. In the 1st Eshelby problem, Eshelby tensor interrelates the resulting strain about inclusion and eigenstrain that would have been experienced inside the inclusion without any external contraire. Calculations of this tensor for superspherical pores– both concave and convex shapes – are performed numerically. Results are given by an integration of derivation of Green’s tensor over volume of the inclusion. Comparisons with the results of Onaka (2001) for convex superspheres show that the performed calculations have an accuracy better than 1%. The current calculations have been done to complete his results. In the 2nd Eshelby problem, property contribution tensors that characterizes the contribution of an individual inhomogeneity on the overall physical properties have been numerically calculated by using Finite Element Method (FEM). Property contribution tensors of 3D non ellipsoidal inhomogeneities, such as supersphere and superspheroid, have been obtained. Simplified analytical relations have been derived for both compliance contribution tensor and resistivity contribution tensor. Property contribution tensors have been used to estimate effective elastic properties and effective conductivity of random heterogeneous materials, in the framework of Non-Interaction Approximation, Mori-Tanaka scheme and Maxwell scheme. Two applications in the field of geomechanics and geophysics have been done. The first application concerns the evaluation of the effective thermal conductivity of oolitic rocks is performed to complete the work of Sevostianov and Giraud (2013) for effective elastic properties. A two step homogenization model has been developed by considering two distinct classes of pores: microporosity (intra oolitic porosity) and meso porosity (inter oolitic porosity). Maxwell homogenization scheme formulated in terms of resistivity contribution tensor has been used for the transition from meso to macroscale. Concave inter oolitic pores of superspherical shape have been taken into account by using resistivity contribution tensor obtained thanks to FEM modelling. Two limiting cases have been considered: ‘dry case’ (air saturated pores) and ‘wet case’ (water liquid saturated pores). Comparisons with experimental data show that variations of effective thermal conductivity with porosity in the most sensitive case of air saturated porosity are correctly reproduced. Applicability of the replacement relations, initially derived by Sevostianov and Kachanov (2007) for ellipsoidal inhomogeneities, to non-ellipsoidal ones has been investigated. It it the second application of newly obtained results on property contribution tensors. We have considered 3D inhomogeneities of superspherical shape. From the results, it has been seen that these relations are valid only in the convex domain, with an accuracy better than 10%. Replacement relations can not be used in the concave domain for such particular 3D shape
Zhu, Liping. "Utilisation de la simulation moléculaire pour mieux évaluer la déformation et la rupture des roches riches en argile". Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2021/2021LILUN038.pdf.
Understanding the mechanical characteristics of clay-based materials is critical in earth sciences and a variety of industrial applications. Clay, as the main component in these heterogeneous materials, plays a significant role in the mechanical behavior of such materials. Through the Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation, the present thesis is devoted to investigating the mechanical behaviors of swelling clay minerals at atomic scale by putting the emphasis on the influences of water content, loading path, crystal structure anisotropy and mean stress. The thesis is composed of three parts. The first part mainly focuses on the mechanical properties of dry Na-montmorillonite (MMT) which is subjected to triaxial compression and extension loading with different constant mean stresses. A series of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out respectively in the parallel and perpendicular directions to crystal layers. The effects of loading path, mean stress and anisotropy on mechanical properties of dry MMT at atomic scale are fully studied and discussed. The second part investigates the influences of water content on the physical and mechanical properties under triaxial compression with a constant mean stress. At first, the swelling property is characterized by the relationship between inter-layer distance and the extent of hydration. Secondly, the stress-strain relationships are obtained for different water contents. In addition, the micro-structure and inter-layer connection of the dry, one-, two-, three-layer hydrated MMT systems between initial and failure states have been analyzed in-depth. At last, the key mechanisms triggering their failure at the atomic scale are identified and analyzed. The third part is devoted to describing the creep deformation of MMT. Through the MD simulation, three representative creep stages have been clearly characterized. The effects of applied stress level, deviatoric stress, the temperature and microstructure orientation on the time dependent responses of MMT have been investigated
Ledoux, Estelle. "Microstructures de transformation et déformation dans le manteau terrestre : application au périclase et à la wadsleyite". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR050.
The microstructure of rocks depends on the conditions of pressure, temperature and deformation they undergo. In the Earth's mantle, microstructures affect the seismic signals, in the form of seismic anisotropy, for instance. The interpretation of seismic observations in terms of microstructures, however, requires a good knowledge of plastic deformation in mantle minerals.In this thesis, I am using laboratory experiments to investigate the microstructures that can form in mantle's minerals. I am focusing on three cases: the deformation of periclase at high pressure and high temperature, the transformation of (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 olivine in wadsleyite at conditions relevant for the 410 km depth discontinuity in the mantle, and the deformation of wadsleyite at high-pressure and high-temperature.I identify microstructures in polycrysals resulting from deformation / transformation experiments using in-situ X-rays diffraction analysis using powder diffraction and multigrain crystallography, and post-mortem scanning and transmission electron microscopy characterization. My results show: i) that an increase of temperature induces a transition of dominant deformation mechanism in polycrystalline periclase, with dislocation creep at low temperatures and grain boundary sliding at 1270 K, ii) that an increase of pressure and temperature induces change of dominant slip systems in periclase, iii) that at conditions of the 410 km depth discontinuity, the transformation from olivine to wadsleyite is not martensitic and then erases the microstructures of the parent rocks, and iv) that the activity of the slip systems in wadsleyite, and so the texture and anisotropy, depend on the temperature and the water content of wadsleyite.Finally, from the microstructures observed in the deformed wadsleyite, I simulate seismic observables in different scenarii, a subduction zone and a mantle plume, and compare the results to seismic anisotropy from the literature to discuss the predictions of the mineralogy experiments
Bickert, Manon. "Modes de localisation des déformations dans les Failles de détachement océaniques : le cas extrême d'une dorsale lente à très faible budget magmatique". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/BICKERT_Manon_va2.pdf.
The Southwest Indian Ridge in its eastern part has particularly low magmatic inputs and is therefore a natural laboratory to study oceanic accretion in an extreme configuration for which the divergence of the plates is almost completely accommodated by large offset normal faults, also called detachment faults. These faults exhume mantle-derived peridotites. Very little is known about the deformation mechanisms that operate at the lower levels of the lithosphere, prior to serpentinization.We studied the deformation textures, analyze strain localization mechanisms, as well as mineralogical assemblages associated with these mechanisms from a corpus of almost 400 samples of serpentinized peridotites dredged during the SMoothSeafloor cruise (2010). All samples display heterogeneous deformation combining brittle (fracturation, kinks) and plastic mechanisms (undulose extinction, subgrain boundaries, dynamic recrystallization). For example, microfracturation and kinks are locally accompanied by partial recrystallization of the primary minerals into fine-grained aggregates along orthopyroxene grains. These textures result from high stress and high temperature conditions at the base of the lithosphere, where the root of the active detachment.We use these microstructural observations to constrain a 2D thermomechanical model of lithospheric extension, in which we explore two weakening mechanisms seen in the samples: serpentinization (temperatures < 350°C) and grain size reduction (> 800°C). Combining the two, we develop detachment faults in a thick lithospheric context (20-25 km), with fault topography and offsets that are consistent with geological observations in the eastern SWIR
Yven, Béatrice. "Minéralogie, microstructure et propriétés physiques des roches volcaniques des Champs Phlégréens (Italie) : contribution des données de laboratoire et de diagraphie à la description de la structure interne du complexe". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077054.
Wang, Yi. "Pétrophysique et micromécanique des grès "tight" en relation avec leur microstructure". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0017/document.
This work of thesis focuses on the identification of the petrophysical and transfer properties of rocks originating from a tight sandstone reservoir in North Africa operated by ENGIE EPI. It needs to identify the links between the transfer properties, poro-mechanical properties, sensitivity to mechanical loading or water saturation, and some indications such as porosity, pore size distribution, intrinsic permeability, petrographic features etc. The aim is to predict the behavior of materials that are different from those that studied in this thesis by using the “easily” accessible input data, providing tools for evaluating the quality of a new reservoir without passing through an exhaustive, long and expensive characterization of the material forming this reservoir
Fauchille, Anne-Laure. "Déterminismes microstructuraux et minéralogiques de la fissuration induite par dessiccation dans les argilites de Tournemire : apports couplés de la pétrographie quantitative et de la corrélation d'images numériques". Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2252/document.
This study is included in the issues of a nuclear waste storage in deep geological clay formations. It concerns the cracking phenomenon due to desaturation and saturation processes of the argillaceous medium on gallery walls of the Underground Laboratory of Tournemire (Aveyron, France). The work presented here aims to identify in laboratory the different mineralogical factors which control the cracking generated by humidity variations, coupling two methods: the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).Two clay rock samples were submitted to swelling/shrinkage processes by fast bumps or gradual humidity variations. The DIC method enabled to reveal the influence of humidity and water content on crack widths and deformations intensity to different scales. This study highlighted the part of humidity variations on evolution and width of crack networks while comparing the results obtained by different conditions of humidity variations.A mineralogical map was investigated on a millimeter field with high resolution on two clay rock samples. It allowed to: quantify the microstructural anisotropy of the rock, and estimate the size of a representative elementary surface of a microstructural system composed of coarse grains and clay matrix, for argillaceous areas.The DIC-SEM approach has shown the closed relation between the location of microstructural heterogeneities such as local proportion of coarse grains and clay matrix, medium size, length ratio and orientation of coarse grains, with the position of the hydric cracks
Xie, Shouyi. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique d'une roche poreuse". Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Xie.pdf.
Oh, Jae-Ho. "Etude structurale de la graphitation naturelle : exemples de bassins sud-coreens". Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2043.
Mandolini, Tommaso. "Microstructural evolution of polymineralic aggregates deformed under high pressure and temperature : an in-situ and post-mortem study on olivine+serpentine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR047.
At plate tectonic boundaries, the lithosphere is deformed and strain localization occurs up to kilometers-scale, which can manifest in form of shear zones. The strain localization suggests the strength of the lithosphere is locally weakened. The formation of interconnected layers of weaker minerals in the lithosphere is a potential mechanism to achieve such weakening. Serpentinized peridotite is commonly found within and between tectonic plates. It is mainly composed of olivine and serpentine minerals. The latter is generally accepted to be weaker than olivine at geological strain rates. During deformation, strain is thus expected to preferentially partition into serpentine than into olivine. This can lead to the formation of interconnected weak layers (IWL) of serpentine where strain localizes.The present work is based on microstructural investigation to infer the strain accommodation in rocks. Olivine+serpentine aggregates with two compositions (10 and 20 vol.% serpentine) are used as a proxy for partially serpentinized peridotites. The aggregates are experimentally deformed in torsion at high pressures (HP, > 2 GPa) and high temperatures (HT, > 300°C) at an equivalent strain rate of 10-4 s-1. The experiments are coupled with in-situ absorption contrast X-ray tomography. I obtain 2D and 3D information on connectivity and structural layering in the microstructure of the ‘weak' serpentine. Electron microscopy is performed on recovered samples to link the in-situ X-ray tomography observations to the plastic properties of the phases.I first outline experimental and image-data processing procedures specific to in-situ HP experimental deformation. Then, I study the deformation of the aggregates with increasing shear deformation at multiple scales of observations. The main aim is to observe the onset and development of IWL in its microstructure. The relations between the morphology and plastic properties of the phases in the rock are investigated to understand the strain localization in serpentinized peridotite.The main results show the deformation regime in olivine+serpentine aggregates can be described as semi-brittle, with the dominant phase of olivine (‘stronger') mainly displaying brittle deformation, whereas the serpentine (‘weaker') showing a dominant ductile-style deformation. A strain γ of ca. 4-5, serpentine content of ca. 20 vol.%, and initial fraction of large clusters >15 vol.% determine the condition for IWL configuration in the olivine+serpentine aggregates. Conversely, at serpentine content of ca. 10 vol.%, IWL do not occur, independently of strain or initial clusters size distribution of serpentine. This is more consistent with a load-bearing framework (LBF) behavior, where the stronger olivine grains are jammed, and during deformation crush one another, leading to grain size reduction and accommodating much of the deformation in the rock. These findings suggest contents of serpentine >10 vol.% or ca. 20 vol.% define a threshold for crucial changes in the morphology, connectivity, percolation, of the weak serpentine in serpentinized peridotites under shear. This may lead to important changes in deformation behavior and mechanical properties of the rock.In light of these findings, I give some perspectives for strain localization and shear zones initiation in the lithosphere
Tobase, Tsubasa. "Experimental investigation for local structures of IVb transition metal elements in minerals and glasses formed under extreme conditions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0200.
Elucidation of the formation mechanism of various natural glasses can help to understand the dynamics of the Earth because these materials record the formation condition in their structures. XAFS applied to natural meteorite-related glasses provides information about the local structural changes of elements therein. By performing high-accuracy XAFS analyses for trace elements and their local structure in sedimentary rocks, in the glass phase of meteorites and in the meteorite impact-related glasses such as tektite and impact glass, information on the formation condition of these materials can be obtained. We have performed local structure analysis of IVb transition metal elements (Ti, Zr) in natural minerals and glasses K-edge XANES and EXAFS as well as high-temperature laser heating and gas flow experiments on zircon, to observe structural changes at high temperature in the crystalline phases that accompany the meteoric glass. The local structure of these materials is similar to that of of Zr in K-Pg sediments, which do not show any influence from diagenesis and weathering, suggesting that K-Pg sediments maintain the thermal quenching history of the meteorite impact. However, the low abundance of Zr in sediments prompted us to study Ti, which belongs to the same group as Zr and is much more abundant. Combination of the information about the local structures of Ti and Zr allows a higher reliability for the estimation of meteorite impact event. The local structure of Zr in the fusion crust and inner glassy part of the Martian meteorite of Tissint are similar, respectively, to that in tektite and accompanying impact glass and to that in baddeleyite and fulgurite. The latter was likely vitrified part during the passage through the atmosphere. It should be possible to estimate the conditions of meteorite impact on Mars and the passage of meteorites through the Earth’s atmosphere through the analysis of the local structure of Zr in the glassy part of meteorites. In order to confirm this hypothesis, we performed heating experiments of zircon with in-situ powder X-ray diffraction experiment was performed for ZrSiO4 and ZrO2. SEM analysis confirmed evaporation of the SiO2 component. We have obtained a new ZrO2-SiO2 phase diagram where the liquid-immiscible region proposed earlier does not appear
Duchesne, Louise. "Fusion partielle et microstructures associées dans l'auréole de contact du complexe igné de Duluth, Minnesota /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2004. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Regnet, Jean Baptiste. "Propriétés physiques et comportement mécanique des roches carbonatées microporeuses : Approche intégrée expérimentale et microstructurale". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0718/document.
This integrated study provides significant insight into parameters controlling (1) the acoustic and reservoir properties of microporous limestone and (2) the mechanical behavior of such rocks. This work improves the knowledge of the relationships among rock physic and rock mechanic on one hand, and the microstructural content on the other hand.(1) Petrophysical properties measured from laboratory and logging tools (porosity, permeability, electrical conductivity and acoustic properties) have been coupled with thin section and SEM observations on the EST205 borehole from the Oxfordian limestone aquifer of the Eastern part of the Paris Basin. A major achievement is the establishment of the link between micrite microtexture types (particle morphology and nature of inter-crystal contacts) and the physical response. Fluid-flow properties are enhanced by the progressive augmentation of intercrystalline microporosity and associated pore throat diameter, as the coalescence of micrite particle decreases between relatively coarser tight morphologies and microporous morphologies. The slow increase of P-wave velocity can be seen as a reflection of crystal size and growing contact cementation leading to a more cohesive and stiffer micrite microtexture. By applying poroelasticity theory on our samples, we show that velocity dispersion can be a very useful tool for data discrimination in carbonates. Finally, a possible origin of high porous levels in neritic limestones is a mineralogical dissolution of carbonates through freshwater-related diagenesis during subaerial exposure time.(2) Regarding rock mechanic, conventional triaxial experiments were performed on samples from the Oolithe Blanche formation (Middle Jurassic Limestone, Paris basin) to investigate the effect of different microstructural parameter on the mechanical behavior of microporous carbonate rocks. Type A samples display two different microporosity distributions within the grains (uniform versus rimmed microporosity) and type B samples are based on the presence/absence of an isopachous cement around the ooids. This work is of primary importance since the Oolithe Blanche formation, a deep saline aquifer, is a possible target for CO2 sequestration and geothermal production in the center of the Paris Basin. Experiments were performed under saturated state with respectively two sets of experimental conditions: (1) a 5 MPa pore pressure and a 28 MPa confining pressure with a temperature of 55°C for Type A carbonates to mimic in-situ conditions in the Center of the Paris Basin; and (2) a 0.5 MPa pore pressure and a 1.5 MPa confining pressure for Type B samples. Sample types have similar facies and composition (oolithic microporous grainstone with a 500µm average grain size), and porosity ranges from 17% to 20%. Permeability values are also very similar and range from 10-2 mD to 10-1 mD.(1) Type A samples with a rimmed porosity display a typical behavior of the brittle failure regime with stress-strain curves reaching a peak (138 MPa) beyond which strain softening was recorded, and strain localization on a shear fracture. (2) Type A samples with a uniform porosity display a ductile behavior with no localization of the deformation.(2) Type B samples with isopachous cement show a brittle behavior with stress drop (16 MPa to 18 MPa) and localization on a shear fracture. When isopachous cements are absent, a more ductile type of behavior is observed. Our set of data suggests that those two microstructural parameters have a significant control on the mechanical behavior of carbonate rocks
Hasalova, Pavlina Schulmann Karel Clauer Norbert Faryad Wali Shah. "Microstructural, petrological and geochemical records of pervasive melt transport in the crust". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/845/01/HASALOVA-Pavlina_2007.pdf.
Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Notes bibliogr.
Mittempergher, Silvia. "Processus physiques et chimiques en failles sismiques : exemples de failles actives et exhumées". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767252.
Couvy, Hélène. "Experimental deformation of fosterite, wadsleyite and ringwoodite : implications for seismic anisotropy of the Earth's mantle". Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/20a4058e-6551-48e6-8d30-59857aa01f67.
Hasalova, Pavlina. "Microstructural, petrological and geochemical records of pervasive melt transport in the crust". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/HASALOVA_Pavlina_2007.pdf.
This thesis represents an outcome of detailed field, microstructural, petrological and geochemical studies on two large Variscan migmatitic terranes, Gföhl Unit of the Moldanubian Zone in Bohemian Massif and Vosges Mts. In France. Obtained data are used to constrain the origin of the migmatitic rocks and for better understanding of the melt transport in the crust. We introduce a new possible model of melt infiltration from external source to explain the variations in the migmatite appearance and “reactive porous melt flow” for the melt movement on a crustal scale. In this concept melt passes pervasively along grain boundaries through the whole rock volume and changes macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the rock. We suggest that the individual migmatite types represent different degrees of equilibration between the host rock and migrating melt. It should be emphasized, that all these processes occur along a retrograde path during exhumation of the Gföhl Unit
Zhao, Lunyang. "Contribution à la modélisation micro-mécanique de l’endommagement et du comportement plastique des géomatériaux". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I013/document.
Damage due to micro-cracking and plastic deformation are two main dissipation processes in most rock-like materials. They are related to the evolution of micro-structure and influenced by mineralogical compositions. In this study, we present some new contributions on the micro-mechanical modeling of damage and plastic behavior of rock-like materials based on linear and non-linear homogenization techniques. The first part is devoted to the estimation of macroscopic plastic behavior of a class of quasi-ductile materials, composed of a pressure-dependent plastic solid matrix in which various inclusions and (or) pores are embedded. We propose a new incremental variational model. Unlike most mean-field methods previously developed, the non-uniform local strain field in the solid matrix is taken into account. Moreover, in order to take into account the transition from volumetric compressibility to dilatancy of those materials, a non-associated plastic flow rule is adopted. The incremental variational model is formulated by using a bi-potential theory for the determination of the incremental potential of plastic matrix. The accuracy of the proposed model is assessed by a series of comparisons with reference solutions obtained from full-field finite element simulations. The proposed model is then applied to several rock-like materials with rigid inclusions or pores. In the second part, we focus on the modeling of induced damage in brittle materials which are represented by an elastic solid matrix weakened by randomly distributed microcracks. The emphasis is put on the case of closed cracks under a large range of compressive stress. The damage evolution is due to the initiation and propagation of micro-cracks while the plastic deformation is directly related to the frictional sliding along micro-cracks. The two dissipation processes are physically coupled. A specific friction model is formulated. The efficiency of the proposed model is verified against experimental data on typical granites. Furthermore, the model is extended to study the transition from diffuse damage to localized cracking. The localized cracking is considered as a consequence of coalescence of diffuse micro-cracks. After the onset of a localized crack, the energy dissipation of material is entirely driven by the frictional sliding and propagation of the localized crack. And a specific frictional damage model is developed for the localized crack in consistence with the diffuse damage model. The proposed model is also verified against laboratory tests
Kyriakides, Steven Alan. "Characterization of Shear Strengths and Microstructures for Solid Rocket Motor Insulation Materials". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35974.
Master of Science
Angeli, Matthieu. "Etude multiéchelle de la dégradation des roches par la cristallisation de sels dans les réseaux poreux". Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00239456.
Diaz, Nathalie. "Modélisation prédictive de la migration des anions par description de la microstructure de la roche : application à l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066035.
Bascou, Jérôme. "Relations entre microstructures, mécanismes de déformation et propriétés physiques anisotropes des roches de haut grade de métamorphisme : étude de quelques éclogites et granulites". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20118.
Nguyen, Tien Dung. "Étude de la zone d'interphase " granulats calcaires poreux-pâte de ciment" : Influence des propriétés physico-mécaniques des granulats; Conséquence sur les propriétés mécaniques du mortier". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849595.
Lespinasse, Marc. "Les traînées d'inclusions fluides : marqueur microstructural des paléocontraintes et des migrations fluides /". [Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy] : Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35465573s.
louis, laurent. "Anisotropies microstructurales composites dans les roches réservoir: Conséquences sur les propriétés élastiques et relation à la déformation". Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006750.
spatiale des anisotropies acoustiques. Dans chaque cas, nous avons tenté d'attribuer aux anisotropies mesurées une origine microstructurale, d'abord en utilisant des modèles élastiques, puis par analyse des microstructures.
Parmi les roches étudiées, il a été mis en évidence un contrôle des anisotropies par un allongement préférentiel
des pores, par une anisotropie de distribution des contacts intergranulaires, par l'orientation préférentielle d'un
réseau de fissures interagissant avec un terme de compaction ou par une composition entre plans de microschistosit
é. Le résultat principal de ce travail est le fait que les anisotropies de vitesse d'onde P ultrasonique peuvent
exprimer la composition d'anisotropies présentes à l'échelle microstructurale, ainsi que leur évolution au cours
de la déformation.
Tobase, Tsubasa. "Experimental investigation for local structures of IVb transition metal elements in minerals and glasses formed under extreme conditions". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0200/document.
Elucidation of the formation mechanism of various natural glasses can help to understand the dynamics of the Earth because these materials record the formation condition in their structures. XAFS applied to natural meteorite-related glasses provides information about the local structural changes of elements therein. By performing high-accuracy XAFS analyses for trace elements and their local structure in sedimentary rocks, in the glass phase of meteorites and in the meteorite impact-related glasses such as tektite and impact glass, information on the formation condition of these materials can be obtained. We have performed local structure analysis of IVb transition metal elements (Ti, Zr) in natural minerals and glasses K-edge XANES and EXAFS as well as high-temperature laser heating and gas flow experiments on zircon, to observe structural changes at high temperature in the crystalline phases that accompany the meteoric glass. The local structure of these materials is similar to that of of Zr in K-Pg sediments, which do not show any influence from diagenesis and weathering, suggesting that K-Pg sediments maintain the thermal quenching history of the meteorite impact. However, the low abundance of Zr in sediments prompted us to study Ti, which belongs to the same group as Zr and is much more abundant. Combination of the information about the local structures of Ti and Zr allows a higher reliability for the estimation of meteorite impact event. The local structure of Zr in the fusion crust and inner glassy part of the Martian meteorite of Tissint are similar, respectively, to that in tektite and accompanying impact glass and to that in baddeleyite and fulgurite. The latter was likely vitrified part during the passage through the atmosphere. It should be possible to estimate the conditions of meteorite impact on Mars and the passage of meteorites through the Earth’s atmosphere through the analysis of the local structure of Zr in the glassy part of meteorites. In order to confirm this hypothesis, we performed heating experiments of zircon with in-situ powder X-ray diffraction experiment was performed for ZrSiO4 and ZrO2. SEM analysis confirmed evaporation of the SiO2 component. We have obtained a new ZrO2-SiO2 phase diagram where the liquid-immiscible region proposed earlier does not appear
Nguyen, Ha Dat. "Influence des interactions eau-roche sur le comportement à long terme de cavités souterraines dans la craie". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00517735.
Li, Mingyao. "Contribution à la modélisation multi-échelle du comportement mécanique des matériaux rocheux". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10045/document.
The objective of this work is to study the effects of microstructures on the macroscopic mechanical behaviors of heterogeneous geomaterials. Taking advantage of the Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) based numerical method, the complex microstructures of geomaterials can be considered as close as possible to the real microstructure and a full field micromechanical analysis of strain and stress can be provided at the microscopic scale. This feature overcomes the strong assumptions on microstructure by traditional homogenization approaches. Matrix-inclusion type composites with different microstructure are firstly investigated. The influences of inclusion shape, size, distribution and orientation on the effective behavior are fully studied. Then it is applied to the Callovo-Oxfordian argillite which is modeled as an elastoplastic matrix reinforced by linear elastic quartz and calcite spherical grains. With a non-associated plastic flow rule in the matrix, the effects of mineral grains are explicitly taken into account. The model is further extended by introducing the progressive damage process due to the growth of microcracks. After that, the pore effects (shapes, sizes, orientations and distributions) on the effective behavior of porous materials are considered with a specific application to the typical porous geomaterial sandstone. Furthermore, the deterioration around the pores and the interacted regions are simulated with a simple damage criterion for pore evolution and the degradation phenomenon is fully exhibited. The comparisons between the numerical results and experimental data verify the efficiency and accuracy of the FFT based method for heterogeneous geomaterials
Rabier, Cécile. "Transport multicomposant en milieu poreux : application à l'évolution d'un système carbonaté". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110963.
La compréhension de ces phénomènes est appréhendée par une approche pluridisciplinaire qui relève à la fois de la géologie (1) et de la physique des milieux poreux (2).
1. Géologie - Différents stades de calcitisation sont investigués sur des coraux fossiles datés de l'Holocène et du Pléistocène échantillonnés sur les terrasses soulevées de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Vanuatu et Wallis et Futuna (Pacifique Sud-Ouest). Les produits de la diagenèse sont observés et caractérisés par différentes techniques d'analyses (Diffraction de Rayons X, microscopie optique, imagerie de cathodoluminescence, spectroscopie Raman, Microscopie Electronique à Balayage, microsonde électronique...) pour argumenter l'origine de la calcite néoformée et identifier les processus mis en jeu, notamment l'implication ou non d'une étape de transport.
2. Physique des milieux poreux - Les données expérimentales révèlent l'existence d'hétérogénéités structurales à l'échelle de la lame mince. Pour expliquer ces hétérogénéités, on développe, à l'échelle microscopique, un modèle de transport réactif multicomposant incluant les processus représentatifs de la diagenèse du corail (diffusion de type traceur, migration, adsorption/désorption, réactions cinétiques et /ou à l'équilibre). Des simulations numériques préliminaires 1D sont présentées et discutées pour évaluer l'importance relative des phénomènes intervenant dans la précipitation de la calcite. Ce type de simulations numériques peut servir de point de départ à une procédure de changement d'échelles, permettant d'intégrer des paramètres supplémentaires (notamment plusieurs échelles de descriptions...). Ceci est illustré à l'aide de la prise de moyenne volumique, dans le cas d'un échantillon 3D de Porites subissant un processus de transport réactif fortement idéalisé.
Gay, Jeffrey. "Microstructures and anisotropy of pyrolite in the Earth’s lower mantle : insights from high pressure/temperature deformation and phase transformation experiments". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR043.
Microstructures in mantle rocks impact the way seismic waves travel through the Earth and are dependent on the pressure, temperature, and deformation applied to the rock. At approximately 660 km depth, an increase in seismic wave velocities mark a distinct boundary that separates the upper and lower mantle. Another boundary is found at approximately 2700 km depth and marks the beginning of the D" layer. Furthermore, observations of seismic anisotropy at these discontinuities have been made. These boundaries are largely believed to be related to phase transitions from ringwoodite [(Mg,Fe)2SiO4, space group Fd3m] to bridgmanite [(Mg,Fe)SiO3, space group Pbnm] to post-perovskite [(Mg,Fe)SiO3, space group Cmcm]. In order to make interpretations of these seismic observations, however, a sound understanding of what generates these microstructures is required.Here, we approach this problem through high pressure and high temperature experiments. We identify microstructures in polycrysalline mantle minerals resulting from in-situ transformation and deformation using radial and multigrain X-ray diffraction in the diamond anvil cell. In the first study we transform a bridgmanite analogue, NaCoF3, from a perovskite to post-perovskite structure. The following two studies investigate the transformation of an average mantle composition, pyrolite, at conditions relevant to the 660 km discontinuity and further deformation at pressures and temperatures corresponding to depths between 500 and 2400 km. In the final study, we test an aluminum rich 'pyrolite' composition (pyrolite minus olivine) in order to compare transformation and deformation microstructures to those observed in experiments on pure pyrolite.Results from radial diffraction experiments show the transformation from perovskite to post-perovskite in NaCoF3 are reconstructive in nature and for which we identify the orientation relationships. Major takeaways from the multigrain X-ray diffraction experiments are as follows: i) the decomposition from (ringwoodite + garnet) to (bridgmanite + davemaoite + ferropericlase) result in non-reconstructive 001 transformation textures in bridgmanite, 101 and 111 textures in davemaoite, and no preferred orientation in ferropericlase. ii) With further deformation, bridgmanite changes to 100 and 010 orientations with no change in either davemaoite or ferropericlase. iii) Textures in bridgmanite and davemaoite in pyrolite minus olivine are similar to those observed in our experiments on pure pyrolite.Finally, we use the results of these experiments to build a model for S and P-wave seismic anisotropy within a subducting slab and the surrounding mantle for multiple scenarios and compare our results to those of the literature. This interplay between experiments and seismic models are important in order to provide constraints on deformation, dynamics, and history of the Earth's interior
Jackson, Christopher. "A microstructural kinematic study of selected shear zones in the Hartbees River Thrust Belt, northeastern Namaqua Tectonic Province". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005588.
Lamarche, Geoffroy. "ANALYSE MICROSTRUCTURALE ET FABRIQUE MAGNÉTIQUE. L'EXEMPLE DES CALCSCHISTES ET DES FLYSCHS DE LA ZONE DAUPHINOISE. {ALPES FRANÇAISES}". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452022.
Auzende, Anne Line. "Evolution des microstructures des serpentinites en contexte convergent : effet du degré de métamorphisme et de la déformation". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825144.
Silva, Coelho Carlos Eduardo. "Genèse de fluides dans les zones déformées et minéralisées en or de la ceinture de roches vertes de Rio Itapicuru (Brésil) : gisements de Fazenda Brasileiro et Fazenda Maria Preta : une reconstruction basée sur l'étude des inclusions fluides dans leur contexte microstructural". Orléans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ORLE2042.
Pierre, Guillaume. "Les altérites fossilisées par des coulées de lave : valeur paléoclimatique et implications géomorphologiques ; l'exemple de l'Auvergne, de l'Aubrac et du Velay". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00950006.
Pelissie, Cécile. "Étude de la plasticité de l'alliage TA6V en conditions cryogéniques". Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0045.
Kn{u00FC}fing, Lydia. "Investigations of microstructural features of grain packs and sedimentary rocks". Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150920.
Φωτεινού, Γεωργία. "Επίδραση μικροδομής ψαμμιτών στη μηχανική τους συμπεριφορά". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/6428.
This BSc thesis is about the studying of the relationship of the sandstone microstructure as it is influenced by their mechanical behaviour. We review the mechanical, physical and geotechnical behaviour in comparison to the porosity, the permeability, structural maturity and in general all the sedimentary petrographic characters.