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1
Jentzsch, Iris Miriam Vargas. "Comparative genomics of microsatellite abundance: a critical analysis of methods and definitions". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4282.
Texto completoResumen
This PhD dissertation is focused on short tandemly repeated nucleotide patterns which
occur extremely often across DNA sequences, called microsatellites. The main characteristic
of microsatellites, and probably the reason why they are so abundant across genomes, is the
extremely high frequency of specific replication errors occurring within their sequences,
which usually cause addition or deletion of one or more complete tandem repeat units. Due
to these errors, frequent fluctuations in the number of repetitive units can be observed
among cellular and organismal generations. The molecular mechanisms as well as the
consequences of these microsatellite mutations, both, on a generational as well as on an
evolutionary scale, have sparked debate and controversy among the scientific community.
Furthermore, the bioinformatic approaches used to study microsatellites and the ways
microsatellites are referred to in the general literature are often not rigurous, leading to
misinterpretations and inconsistencies among studies. As an introduction to this complex
topic, in Chapter I I present a review of the knowledge accumulated on microsatellites
during the past two decades. A major part of this chapter has been published in the
Encyclopedia of Life Sciences in a Chapter about microsatellite evolution (see Publication 1
in Appendix II).
The ongoing controversy about the rates and patterns of microsatellite mutation was
evident to me since before starting this PhD thesis. However, the subtler problems inherent
to the computational analyses of microsatellites within genomes only became apparent
when retrieving information on microsatellite distribution and abundance for the design of
comparative genomic analyses. There are numerous publications analyzing the
microsatellite content of genomes but, in most cases, the results presented can neither be
reliably compared nor reproduced, mainly due to the lack of details on the microsatellite
search process (particularly the program’s algorithm and the search parameters used) and
because the results are expressed in terms that are relative to the search process (i.e.
measures based on the absolute number of microsatellites). Therefore, in Chapter II I
present a critical review of all available software tools designed to scan DNA sequences for
microsatellites. My aim in undertaking this review was to assess the comparability of search
results among microsatellite programs, and to identify the programs most suitable for the
generation of microsatellite datasets for a thorough and reproducible comparative analysis
of microsatellite content among genomic sequences. Using sequence data where the
number and types of microsatellites were empirical know I compared the ability of 19
programs to accurately identify and report microsatellites. I then chose the two programs
which, based on the algorithm and its parameters as well as the output informativity,
offered the information most suitable for biological interpretation, while also reflecting as
close as possible the microsatellite content of the test files.
From the analysis of microsatellite search results generated by the various programs
available, it became apparent that the program’s search parameters, which are specified by
the user in order to define the microsatellite characteristics to the program, influence
dramatically the resulting datasets. This is especially true for programs suited to allow
imperfections within tandem repeats, because imperfect repetitions can not be defined
accurately as is the case for perfect ones, and because several different algorithms have
been proposed to address this problem. The detection of approximate microsatellites is,
however, essential for the study of microsatellite evolution and for comparative analyses
based on microsatellites. It is now well accepted that small deviations from perfect tandem
repeat structure are common within microsatellites and larger repeats, and a number of
different algorithms have been developed to confront the challenge of finding and
registering microsatellites with all expectable kinds of imperfection. However, biologists
have still to apply these tools to their full potential. In biological analyses single tandem
repeat hits are consistently interpreted as isolated and independent repeats. This
interpretation also depends on the search strategy used to report the microsatellites in DNA
sequences and, therefore, I was particularly interested in the capacity of repeat finding
programs to report imperfect microsatellites allowing interpretations that are useful in a
biological sense. After analzying a series of tandem repeat finding programs I optimized my
microsatellite searches to yield the best possible datasets for assessing and comparing the
degree of imperfection of microsatellites among different genomes (Chapter III)
During the program comparisons performed in Chapter II, I show that the most critical
search parameter influencing microsatellite search results is the minimum length threshold.
Biologically speaking, there is no consensus with respect to the minimum length, beyond
which a short tandem repeat is expected to become prone to microsatellite-like mutations.
Usually, a single absolute value of ~12 nucleotides is assigned irrespective of motif length..
In other cases thresholds are assigned in terms of number of repeat units (i.e. 3 to 5 repeats
or more), which are better applied individually for each motif. The variation in these
thresholds is considerable and not always justifiable. In addition, any current minimum
length measures are likely naïve because it is clear that different microsatellite motifs
undergo replication slippage at different length thresholds. Therefore, in Chapter III, I apply
two probabilistic models to predict the minimum length at which microsatellites of varying
motif types become overrepresented in different genomes based on the individual
oligonucleotide frequency data of these genomes.
Finally, after a range of optimizations and critical analyses, I performed a preliminary
analysis of microsatellite abundance among 24 high quality complete eukaryotic genomes,
including also 8 prokaryotic and 5 archaeal genomes for contrast. The availability of the
methodologies and the microsatellite datasets generated in this project will allow informed
formulation of questions for more specific genome research, either about microsatellites, or
about other genomic features microsatellites could influence. These datasets are what I
would have needed at the beginning of my PhD to support my experimental design, and are
essential for the adequate data interpretation of microsatellite data in the context of the
major evolutionary units; chromosomes and genomes.
2
Zhang, Peizhi. "Bovine microsatellite analysis using digoxigenin labelling /". [S.l : s.n.], 1994. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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MELIS, RICCARDO. "Analisi del differenziamento genetico tra popolazioni di Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 mediante marcatori nucleari e mitocondriali". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266514.
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The common octopus, Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797, represents an important commercial fishery marine resource all over the world, characterized by increasing requests from the markets. In the Mediterranean Sea, especially for the Italian fishery, this species constitutes an important portion of trawling and artisanal landings. In Italy, despite the great socio-economic interest, specific management measures do not exist at the national level for this resource.
The common octopus is a very interesting topic both for applied studies and for the basic research, especially at the taxonomic level, because of the uncertainties regarding the occurrence of a single species, with cosmopolitan distribution, or the existence of multiple species forming a ‘species complex’.
The principal aim of this work is the genetic characterization of seven populations of O. vulgaris along the coasts of Sardinia in order to obtain useful indications for the selection of correct management units. The genetic analyses have been realized using three different genetic markers, two mitochondrial (the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) and III (COIII) genes), and one nuclear marker (five microsatellites loci). All markers proved to be useful in investigating the genetic structure of the populations. In particular, the mitochondrial sequences were useful in comparisons with homologous ones from the GenBank database to evaluate the species’ taxonomy.
The results of AMOVA show a substantial homogeneity in Sardinian populations that display low levels of differentiation, both with the nuclear marker (FST=0.004 ns), and the mitochondrial ones (ΦSTCOI=0.003 ns; ΦSTCOIII=0.0002 ns). The pairwise analyses show low levels of differentiation and not significant values for all the genetic markers. The lack of significant genetic differentiation in the Sardinian samples is further confirmed by DAPC, PCA analyses and the Bayesian clustering of the software STRUCTURE.
The demography was investigated using all the genetic markers, which pointed out the lack of demographic changes in recent time. The multimodal mismatch distributions
reaffirm the occurrence of populations demographically stable. The stability of the populations was confirmed by the haplotype network analyses with the two mitochondrial markers, highlighting a common situation in stationary populations: several principal haplotypes, shared by all the locations, and an increasing number of new secondary haplotypes arising from mutational events.
The COI and COIII sequences permitted the comparison of the Sardinian haplotypes with the O. vulgaris sequences available in GenBank. Both markers highlight a genetic affinity among Sardinian specimens and the sequences from the Mediterranean Sea (France, Spain, Central Mediterranean and Turkey), the Eastern Atlantic Ocean (Morocco, Senegal and Galicia), the Southern Atlantic Ocean (South Africa and Tristan da Cunha) and the Southern Indian Ocean (Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands). This substantial genetic homogeneity contrasts with some sequences (from specimens collected in Turkey, Japan, China, Brazil and Venezuela) that resulted to be highly divergent from all the others. This finding reaffirms the potential existence of several O. vulgaris populations, just partially interconnected, or the even occurrence of distinct species, and emphasizes the need for more detailed phylogeographic and taxonomic studies of the Octopus genus to confirm or exclude the presence of cryptic species within the taxon, as suggested by several authors.
4
Bodur, Cagri. "Genetic Structure Analysis Of Honeybee Populations Based On Microsatellites". Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606592/index.pdf.
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We analyzed the genetic structures of 11 honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations from
Türkiye and one population from Cyprus using 9 microsatellite loci. Average gene diversity levels were found to change between 0,542 and 0,681. Heterozygosity levels, mean number of alleles per population, presence of diagnostic alleles and pairwise FST values confirmed the mitochondrial DNA finding that Anatolian honeybees belong to north Mediterranean (C) lineage. We detected a very high level of genetic divergence among populations of Tü
rkiye and Cyprus based on pairwise FST levels (between 0,0 and 0,2). Out of 66 population pairs 52 were found to be genetically different significantly. This level of significant differentiation has not been reported yet in any other study conducted on European and African honeybee populations. High allelic ranges, and high divergence indicate that Anatolia is a genetic centre for C lineage honeybees. We suggest that certain precautions should be taken to limit or forbid introduction and trade of Italian and Carniolan honeybees to Tü
rkiye and Cyprus in order to preserve genetic resources formed in these territories in thousands of years. Effectivity at previously isolated regions in Artvin, Ardahan and Kirklareli was confirmed by the high genetic differentiation in honeybees of these regions. Genetically differentiated Karaburun and Cyprus honeybees v and geographical positions of the regions make these zones first candidates as new isolation areas.
5
Bond, Joanna Margaret. "Genetic analysis of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) using microsatellites". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265611.
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The sperm whale is the largest of the toothed whales (Odontoceti), and inhabits deep waters from equatorial to Polar Regions. Sperm whales are social and commonly l r . found in small groups. However, sociality varies according to sex and age. Immature males form bachelor groups that disperse as they mature, mature males are frequently encountered alone. Sperm whales are renowned for their diving capabilities. Therefore, surface observations are only possible for 10 to 15 minutes every hour. Consequently, the sperm whale is an ideal candidate for investigation using genetic markers. Genetic variation can reveal information on geographical structuring of populations and, on a finer scale, the social organisation within these groups. The focus of this thesis is an investigation into the structure of populations around the Azores. To date, this work represents the most comprehensive molecular investigation into North Atlantic sperm whales. Since 1988 sloughed skin samples have been collected from the Azores but, to facilitate the comparison between local and global structuring, samples were also obtained from a number of geographically distinct regions. Twelve microsatellite loci and a marker to indicate sex were selected for screening. Genetic variation was sufficient to allow identification of individuals with a high degree of accuracy. A system of scoring the amplification quality was found to be both a simple and accurate method of determining the reliability of a genotype. Errors were found to arise infrequently, hence their influence in the final dataset was considered negligible. Of the 467 sloughed skin samples collected from the Azores, 102 individuals were identified. The majority of these samples had been collected from groups. As groups are presumed to be matrilineal, the identification of mother calf pairs was anticipated. However the samples revealed few parent offspring combinations. Within a group the majority of whales were related at the level of half )siblings. This indicates that I I Azorean groups comprise of individuals related through either the maternal or paternal lineage. Full siblings were also identified, which suggests that a degree of mate choice can occur. The first insight into the relationships within bachelor groups arose when two such groups, stranded off the coast of Scotland, were examined. Individuals within the groups were predominantly unrelated to each other. However, potential half/sibling relationships within the groups were identified. A mother offspring pair was identified between an Azorean whale and one of the stranded whales. Microsatellite data from Atlantic (n=I32) and Pacific (n=I59) sperm whales revealed low, but significant, inter-ocean variation. However, examinations of populations structuring on a finer scale (geographic regions) failed to reveal any consistent pattern of differentiation. This lack of differentiation is surprising when compared with other cetaceans, all of which show increased genetic differentiation with distance.
6
Valsecchi, Elena. "Genetic analysis of the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) using microsatellites". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242544.
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Santani, Avni Bhawan. "Genomic analysis of the horse Y chromosome". Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1494.
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Stallion fertility is of significant economic importance in the multibillion dollar equine industry. Presently, the underlying genetic causes of infertility in stallions are unknown. Analysis of the human genome has shown that in more than 25% of cases, male infertility is associated with deletions/rearrangements in the Y chromosome. Presently there is no gene map for the Y chromosome in the horse. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to build a detailed physical map of the chromosome with a long-term aim to identify and analyze Y-specific factors affecting fertility in stallions.
To materialize this, we constructed the first radiation hybrid and FISH map of the euchromatic region of the horse Y chromosome. This basic map was used to obtain Y-specific BAC clones that provided new STS markers from the end sequences. Chromosome walking provided 73 BACs comprising 7 contigs that were built across the euchromatic region using 124 markers for content mapping. The results were validated by restriction fingerprinting and Fiber FISH. The map is presently the most informative among the domestic species and second to only human and mouse Y chromosome maps.
The construction of this map will pave the way for isolation and functional characterization of genes critical for normal male fertility and reproduction and will in the future lead to the development of a diagnostic test to facilitate early identification of deletions/rearrangements on the Y chromosome of potentially affected foals/stallions.
The second part of the study comprised the first extended investigation to assess genetic variation in the horse Y chromosome. Approximately 4.5Mb of the euchromatic region was screened for polymorphic microsatellite markers. Of the 27 markers that were characterized and screened for polymorphism in 14 breeds of the domestic horse and eight extant equids, only one was polymorphic in the domestic horse, suggesting a low level of genetic variation on the chromosome. However, 21 of the markers showed noteworthy variation (on average four alleles/marker) among the eight equids. These markers will be vital in future studies aimed at elucidating the genetic relationships between the various equids through phylogenetic analysis.
8
Rouger, Romuald. "Restoration genetics of north-west European saltmarshes : a multi-scale analysis of population genetic structure in Puccinellia maritima and Triglochin maritima". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21634.
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Increasing human pressure combined with sea level rise and increased storminess is threatening coastal ecosystems around the world. Among these ecosystems, saltmarshes are particularly endangered due to their position in temperate areas with low wave action where human density is often high (e.g. estuaries). Around the UK, centuries of land reclamation have led to a substantial decrease of the area of saltmarsh. Over the past decades, restoration schemes have been implemented in numerous coastal locations in an attempt to counteract this loss. Such schemes involve allowing sea water to inundate a previously embanked area and letting the vegetation develop naturally, thereby reverting to saltmarsh through natural colonisation. However, surveys of restored areas that have looked at the recovery of plant species diversity or functional characteristics often show that restored saltmarshes do not reach the state of a natural saltmarsh ecosystem. While there is much data at the species level, recovery of plant intra-specific diversity (genetic diversity) has not been assessed in restored saltmarsh although this component of biodiversity is receiving increasing attention for its effect on ecosystem function. This thesis represents the first attempt to (1) characterize the nation-wide genetic structure of two important north-west European saltmarsh plant species, the common saltmarsh grass (Puccinellia maritima) and the sea arrowgrass (Triglochin maritima) and (2) compare levels of genetic diversity and structure between restored and natural ecosystems. Microsatellite molecular markers were developed for both species. Using innovative methods to analyse the genetic data obtained for these two polyploid species, this thesis highlights that genetic diversity at the national scale is organised regionally for both species, although gene-flow is still restricted between populations within the same region. Gene-flow between populations is determined by different processes depending on the species. While coastal processes mainly influence gene dispersal in P. maritima, overland routes of dispersal are involved for T. maritima. These differences are believed to be due to differences in dispersal ecology between the two species. Although gene-flow exists between distant saltmarshes, the genetic analysis of P. maritima and T. maritima colonists arriving on restored sites highlighted their local origin and reaffirmed that it is preferable to restore saltmarsh where a nearby natural saltmarsh can act as a source of colonists. A multiple paired-site comparison identified similar genetic diversity between restored and natural saltmarshes indicating that restoration of local genetic diversity is rapid for both species. A single site comparison at Skinflats in the Forth estuary compared fine-scale spatial genetic structure between the restored and natural saltmarsh. Interestingly, no structure was detected for T. maritima either in restored or natural saltmarsh. In contrast, a strong genetic structure organised along the elevation gradient was observed in the natural saltmarsh for P. maritima but was absent in the restored saltmarsh. The origin of this structure is not clear but could be due to restricted gene-flow between individuals from different elevations due to strong post-zygotic selection, as suggested in previous work. In any case, this lack of structure in the restored saltmarsh indicates that genetic recovery is incomplete in this respect for P. maritima. This thesis introduces the growing field of restoration genetics to saltmarsh ecology and identifies the principal population genetic trends in two of the species dominating the vegetation of north-west European saltmarshes community. The information given here will be useful for restoration practitioners and provides a strong foundation for future work characterizing the importance of genetic diversity for saltmarsh function.
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Hey, Grace Valasi, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College y of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Identification of individual koalas: microsatellite analysis of faecal DNA". THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Hey_G.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/451.
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Current studies of koalas in the wild mainly rely on information gathered by traditional field methods, such as community sightings, spotlighting, radiotracking, animal trappings, ear tagging and faecal pellet incidence. Collection of faeces is potentially the most reliable source of non-invasively obtaining DNA samples, which can be used to identify specific individuals. This thesis demonstrated a simple, rapid and reproducible method of extracting DNA from Koala faecal pellets using a commercially available DNA extraction kit, shows the maximum age of pellets from which DNA can be reliably extracted and defines the conditions required for the long term storage of pellets before DNA extraction is carried out. Mitochondrial DNA PCR analysis provided a simple and rapid indication of the success of both the faecal DNA extraction and pellet collection process. The faecal DNA was successfully used for microsatellite analysis and the subsequent genetic profiling of individuals from within the Campbelltown Koala population. The study paves the way for the analysis of microsatellite loci in koala faecal pellet DAN to study populations, which are too sparsely distributed to allow the capture of individual koalasMaster of Science (M. Sc.) (Hons.)
10
Takahashi, Takeshi. "Clonal Analysis of Multifocal Urothelial Cancers using Microsatellite Markers". Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150512.
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Hey, Grace Valasi. "Identification of individual koalas : microsatellite analysis of faecal DNA". Thesis, View thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/451.
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Current studies of koalas in the wild mainly rely on information gathered by traditional field methods, such as community sightings, spotlighting, radiotracking, animal trappings, ear tagging and faecal pellet incidence. Collection of faeces is potentially the most reliable source of non-invasively obtaining DNA samples, which can be used to identify specific individuals. This thesis demonstrated a simple, rapid and reproducible method of extracting DNA from Koala faecal pellets using a commercially available DNA extraction kit, shows the maximum age of pellets from which DNA can be reliably extracted and defines the conditions required for the long term storage of pellets before DNA extraction is carried out. Mitochondrial DNA PCR analysis provided a simple and rapid indication of the success of both the faecal DNA extraction and pellet collection process. The faecal DNA was successfully used for microsatellite analysis and the subsequent genetic profiling of individuals from within the Campbelltown Koala population. The study paves the way for the analysis of microsatellite loci in koala faecal pellet DAN to study populations, which are too sparsely distributed to allow the capture of individual koalas
12
Hey, Grace Valasi. "Identification of individual koalas : microsatellite analysis of faecal DNA /". View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20051220.110416/index.html.
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BIASI, Antonio. "Microsatellite analysis of the population structure in Phytophthora nicotianae". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91047.
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Nine validated SSRs were designed and used to characterize 268 isolates from a broad range of hosts and geographic localities. A total of 129 multilocus genotypes (MLG) were identified with markers showing polymorphisms ranging from 4 (locus P2039) to 24 alleles (locus 1509). Analyses revealed a preferential clonal reproduction in field orchards while sexual reproduction seemed to be more diffused in nurseries. A strong association between genetic groups and host of recovery was revealed for most isolates although this association was less evident for isolates from nurseries. In contrast, a significant geographical structuring was recovered only for isolates from tobacco (sourced in Australia and United States) and from Citrus maxima (sourced in Vietnam), while a typical panmictic distribution characterized the majority of isolates including those from other Citrus species. These difference were ascribed to the different propagation and cultivation systems. Isolates obtained from potted ornamental and citrus (excepted pommelo) were likely to be diffused worldwide with infected plant material (mainly potted plants). Conversely, tobacco is propagated by seeds which do not contribute to the spread of the pathogen and plantlets are very rarely transplanted in areas different from those in which have been produced. As regards to C. maxima, this species is a native plant of Vietnam and plant material was not introduced from other countries suggesting a specific co-evolution of P. nicotianae and C. maxima.
14
Hughes, David J. "Mutation characterisation and microsatellite haplotype analysis of the CFTR gene". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361278.
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LORIDON, KARINE. "Analyse de la variabilite genetique de sequences microsatellites trinucleotidiques chez arabidopsis thaliana". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF22066.
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Les microsatellites sont de petites sequences repetees en tandem presentes en un grand nombre de loci dans les genomes eucaryotes. Ils se caracterisent par une hypervariabilite de taille due a des variations de leur nombre de repetitions. Notre analyse porte sur la variabilite genetique des microsatellites trinucleotidiques chez la plante modele arabidopsis thaliana. L'amplification pcr de 12 loci microsatellites a ete realisee pour 49 ecotypes d'arabidopsis thaliana. Ces microsatellites presentent un niveau de polymorphisme intraspecifique modere, avec un nombre moyen d'alleles par locus egal a 4 (chaque locus possede entre 1 et 8 alleles) et un indice moyen de diversite genetique de 0,43. Le sequencage de nombreux alleles montre que 1) pour la plupart des loci microsatellites, les ecarts de taille entre alleles sont bien dus a des variations du nombre de repetitions trinucleotidiques, 2) pour les loci microsatellites imparfaits et composes formes de 2 blocs de triplets, les variations interalleliques affectent preferentiellement le bloc repete le plus long. Nos resultats font apparaitre une correlation entre le nombre moyen de repetitions et le nombre d'alleles observes pour un meme locus microsatellite. L'analyse de plantes individuelles revele une heterogeneite a l'interieur de certains ecotypes. Six ecotypes sont composes de 2 a 3 lignees. Les plantes heterozygotes observees dans 2 autres ecotypes temoignent vraisemblablement de croisements recents. Ces observations montrent qu'arabidopsis thaliana n'est pas une espece strictement autogame. Par ailleurs, les microsatellites trinucleotidiques apparaissent tres stables sur quelques generations ainsi que dans certaines situations de stress (regeneration, choc thermique).
16
Hackman, Peter. "HPRT mutational spectra and microsatellite DNA instability in HNPCC and lung cancer patients /". Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4219-6/.
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Magnani, Rita. "Analisi preliminare di missione per lanci aviotrasportati di microsatelliti". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9046/.
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Il presente lavoro di tesi si propone di analizzare e dimensionare una missione in orbita bassa per due microsatelliti di osservazione terrestre.
I microsatelliti si stanno attualmente diffondendo su larga scala, grazie principalmente ai vantaggi economici garantiti dal fatto di lavorare con masse ridotte. Parallelamente alla diffusione dei microsatelliti, stanno nascendo numerosi progetti per lo sviluppo di sistemi di aviolancio, che consentono di attuare i vantaggi dei microsatelliti anche nella fase più dispendiosa della missione, cioè la messa in orbita.
Vengono, inizialmente, introdotti i sistemi coinvolti nella missione, cioè l’aviolanciatore Pegasus XL, due microsatelliti del peso di 100 kg ciascuno, e un motore elettrico ad effetto Hall per ciascun satellite, usato per il trasferimento orbitale.
Si introducono poi brevemente le equazioni del moto del razzo e alcuni cenni di meccanica celeste, specialmente quello che riguarda la definizione dei parametri orbitali.
Segue la vera e propria analisi di missione, divisa in due parti: la prima relativa alla fase di aviolancio, con l’obbiettivo di stabilire se effettivamente il lanciatore è in grado di portare il payload prestabilito nell’orbita circolare di parcheggio, e di dimensionare alcune variabili di volo, quali l’angolo di traiettoria iniziale e i due tempi di coasting dovuti allo sgancio degli stadi del razzo;
la seconda parte verte invece sull’analisi della missione in orbita, specialmente sul trasferimento a bassa spinta dall’orbita di partenza a quella target, tramite il motore ad effetto Hall.
Anche in questo caso si vuole verificare se le prestazioni del motore elettrico sono adeguate al tipo di missione.
18
Tsai, Kate Leanne. "Genetic analysis of canine hip dysplasia". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4878.
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The morphologic variability seen in the domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris, is
unique among mammals. Selective pressures imposed by humans have divided dogs into
almost 400 separate breeds. Selection has also led to the development of approximately
450 hereditary diseases, many of which are limited to specific breeds. Over half of these
diseases present with similar clinical characteristics to those of many human hereditary
diseases, making the dog an ideal model for study of the genetic bases of such diseases.
Many diseases do not have candidate genes or have too many candidates to characterize.
This is exacerbated in complex diseases that are caused by several genes. Whole-genome
scans can provide insight into diseases by identifying marker(s) that co-segregate with a
disease phenotype. The Minimal Screening Set - 2 (MSS-2) is the most recent set of
microsatellites suitable for whole-genome screens. The first objective of this work was
to streamline genomic screens in order to efficiently analyze large numbers of animals.
To this end, chromosome-specific microsatellite panels were developed for the MSS-2.
Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is the most common orthopedic disease of the dog.
CHD primarily affects medium and large breed dogs, but is found in almost every breed.
The major objective of this work was to use linkage analysis to identify chromosomal
regions that contain genes that are involved in CHD. Two populations were screened
using the MSS-2. The first was a small family of Boykin Spaniels, though no markers were statistically significant in a whole-genome screen. An outcrossed pedigree of
Greyhound/Labrador Retrievers was created for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of
CHD. The informativeness of markers in the F2 and backcrossed generations were
calculated to show the utility of using such a population. Other factors that affect the
power of this pedigree to identify QTL were also highlighted. Chromosomes that were
identified in a previous screen as harboring putative QTLs were examined using the
chromosome-specific panels to further define and confirm the regions of interest.
Although no markers reached statistical significance, several areas of interest were
identified.
19
Ärfström, Linda. "Determining genetic relatedness in honey bees, Apis mellifera, using microsatellite analysis". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200262.
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The world population is growing and becoming more connected whereby disease transmission is becoming an increasingly important issue. To learn more about disease spread, honey bees (Apis mellifera) could provide an animal-model system for network transmission. The honey bees have both an individual and a social defense against pathogens, their diseases are well studied and they enable studies on hundreds of individuals. The genetic relatedness is believed to be one of many important factors for disease transmission. A hypothesis is that the more closely related the honey bees are the more interactions will occur. In this study, the genetic relatedness in honey bees was analyzed by the use of microsatellite-DNA primers, in a multiplex PCR. Of the 18 microsatellite-DNA primers that were evaluated, the loci HB-C16-05, A007, AC006, HB-C16-02, AP043 and UN351 showed the highest variation. However, when applied on a larger material, the PCR-products did not yield any chromatograms that were possible to score. Many factors possibly affecting the result are discussed and further efforts will be made to improve the method and thereby determine genetic relatedness.
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Neumann, Karsten. "Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus L.)". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336970.
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VACCA, LAURA. "Analisi della variabilità genetica e della connettività tra popolazioni di due specie di Elasmobranchi: Raja clavata L.,1758 e Scyliorhinus canicula (L., 1758)". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266682.
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Studies concerning the status of conservation and exploitation of cartilaginous fish are essential to better understanding the biology and degree of threat of this important taxonomic group, that takes on great importance for his ecological role in the control of coastal and oceanic ecosystems. Taking into account the vulnerability of elasmobranchs, due to of their biological characteristics (low fecundity, late maturity and slow growth rates), they are mainly affected by anthropic influence, as fishing pressure. In fact, there is evidence that the elasmobranchs of the Mediterranean are declining in abundance, diversity and range due to the intense fishing activity.
The genetic application to the fisheries plays an important role to define the level of intraspecific differentiation, genetic variability and the definition of stocks, proved to be a powerful tool to establish correct management plans for the marine resources.
In this background, the main objective of this study is to assess genetic variability and connectivity in populations of two demersal elasmobranch species: Raja clavata and Scyliorhinus canicula, using microsatellites markers. The two species are caught by different fishing techniques like trawling, trammel nets and longline, but their commercial value is restricted to certain regions of the Mediterranean and they are primarly caught as bycatch in various demarsal fisherier.
The thornback ray, Raja clavata is widely distributed in Mediterranean, Black Sea and the Atlantic coasts of Europe and Africa. The recent decreases in abundance and distribution in several areas of its geographical range led to inclusion of this taxon in the IUCN Red List as Near Threatened. Analyses were carried out on a total of 294 individuals collected from seven areas in Mediterranean (Western, Central and Eastern) and comparing them to Northeastern Atlantic using 8 microsatellite loci.
Moderate levels of genetic diversity were found (uHe=0.66), with the highest values recorded in the North Sea (0.67) while the lowest in the Tyrrhenian Sea (0.57). Pairwise FST and DEST estimetes revealed genetic homogeneity between samples geographically close. North Sea samples was significant differentiated among Mediterranean populations, but Cyprus was found to be highly divergent from all the other samples, showing the highest pairwise FST and DEST values. The results of the AMOVA highlighted significant genetic differentiation comparing on three groups Cyprus/central western Mediterranean/North Sea (FCT= 0.058, P=000) Excluding eastern sample (Cyprus) ,the differentiation between the 2 groups (western Mediterranean/Atlantic Ocean), was lower but still significant. Within the Mediterranean basin, pooling samples based on geographical distribution (Western/Central/Eastern) a significant differentiation emerged (AMOVA: Fct=0.038, P<0.05), furthermore Mantel test found a significant association between genetic and geographical distance across all samples. The strong subdivision between eastern Mediterranean and other samples is also consistent with the number of cluster identified in STRUCTURE, in which Cyprus had the highest proportion in a separated cluster from other populations. According to the bottleneck results, only North Sea sample seemed to show a bottleneck signal, whereas all the other investigated populations showed a substantial demographic stability. Temporal comparison in three locations in Sardinia, sampled twice (in 2005 and 2012), highlighted no significant difference in genetic variability and differentiation.
The small spotted catshark, S. canicula is one of the smallest catshark species and the most abundant in the European inshore waters. Although the species is listed as Least Concern in the red list IUCN it was considered overexploited in some areas. It is primarily caught as by catch in demersal fisheries, but also it is important as commercial species.
Analyses were carried out on a total of 265 individuals sampled from ten areas within the Mediterranean Sea (Western, Central and Eastern) and one in Northeastern Atlantic, using twelve microsatellite loci.
Genetic diversity was similar among populations (overall uHe=0.66), with the highest value for Morocco sample (MOR uHe=0.73). AMOVA analyses indicated a significant genetic differentiation among all locations (overall FST = 0.045;P-value=0.00). Pairwise FST and DEST values confirmed significant differentiation among all samples, with North Sea showing the highest heterogeneity. Mantel Test revealed a positive correlation between geographical and genetic distance among all samples, but no within the Mediterranean basin. AMOVA within the Mediterranean Sea found the highest values of Fct pooling samples on four groups (Sardinian samples/Morocco/Algery/Cyprus) (FCT= 0.049 P=0.000). Bayesian analysis confirmed the results of genetic differentiation testing for the K=5 in which also North Sea sample (sharing cluster with Algery) showed high genetic separation from the other Mediterranean samples. Demographic analysis revealed a bottleneck signal only for the North Sea sample, as registered for the thornback ray. Furthermore, for both species no significant differences consistent for sex-biased dispersal was found.
The present study has been helpful to provide genetic data for both species in order to assess the genetic diversity and connectivity at intraspecific level. As regard R. clavata, the previous population genetic studies were limited to the Atlantic Ocean, including just a small sample in three areas in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. For this reason it was necessary to provide new insights for thornback ray populations within the Mediterranean Sea. Results obtained instead for S. canicula provided further genetic data to compare with the scientific paper produced in recent years, and also they provided more details for population around Sardinia coasts.
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Duquette, Rémi. "MOST, Micro-variability of Oscillations of STars, microsatellite structural analysis and design". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ53321.pdf.
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Fullard, Karen Jessica. "Long-finned pilot whale population and social structure determined through microsatellite analysis". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398844.
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Grillo, Victoria Louise. "Development of microsatellites and the population genetic analysis of the parasitic nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437971.
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Lepais, Olivier. "Dynamique d'hybridation dans le complexe d'espèces des chênes blancs européens : chênes pédonculés - Quercus robur L., sessiles - Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl., pubescents - Q. pubescens Willd. et tauzins - Q. pyrenaica Willd". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13624/document.
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L’hybridation est un processus aux conséquences diverses sur l’évolution des espèces qui est difficile à étudier lorsque les espèces se distinguent mal au niveau morphologique. Afin de comprendre le rôle de l'hybridation dans l’évolution du complexe d’espèces des chênes blancs européen, nous avons utilisé des outils de la génétique des populations pour quantifier les flux de gènes interspécifiques contemporains et étudier le système de reproduction de quatre espèces. Un protocole d'analyse génétique rapide a été développé et des méthodes d’assignations génétiques, permettant de déterminer l’espèce de chaque arbre et d’identifier les hybrides, ont été testées par simulations. Cette méthode a été appliquée en populations naturelles révélant un pourcentage d'hybrides variant de 10 à 30% en fonction des populations et impliquant tous les couples d'espèces. Nous avons montré que les effectifs des espèces dans les parcelles influencent la dynamique d'hybridation et la directionalité de l'introgression. Nous avons étudié le système de reproduction de ces espèces en croisements contrôlées et en forêt pour expliquer le maintien des espèces malgré la présence de flux de gènes interspécifiques. L'existence de plusieurs barrières reproductives contribue à un isolement partiel des espèces qui dépend principalement de barrières pré-reproductives et prézygotiques. Une analyse de paternité pratiquée sur des descendances récoltées en forêt montre que l'hybridation de première génération est rare mais que ces hybrides F1 sont fertiles et se reproduisent principalement avec l'une des espèces parentales, produisant de nombreux rétrocroisements qui expliquent le fort pourcentage d'hybrides observé dans les populations naturelles étudiées. L'hybridation et l'introgression sont donc des processus à l'œuvre chez les chênes qui contribuent à l'évolution du complexe d'espècesHybridisation is a complex process with diverse consequences on species evolution. Hybridisation is difficult to study when species are not clearly morphologically distinguished. Our aim was to study the role of hybridisation in the evolution of the European white oak species complex. We used population genetic tools to quantify contemporary interspecific gene flow and to study the mating system of four oak species. A fast genetic analysis protocol was developed and genetic assignment methods were first tested by simulation and then used to determine the species of each tree and to identify hybrids. These methods revealed that hybrid percentages were between 10 to 30% depending on the natural population studied and that all species pairs were involved. We showed that the census number of species in the stands had an influence on hybridisation dynamics and on introgression direction. We studied the mating system of these species in controlled crosses and in the forest to understand the maintenance of species despite interspecific gene flow. Several reproductive barriers contribute to a partial isolation of species, mostly pre-reproductive and prezygotic. A paternity analysis of maternal progenies sampled in the forest showed that first generation hybridisation was rare but that F1 hybrids were fertile and were mating mostly with one of the two parental species, creating numerous backcrosses that explain the high percentages of hybrids observed in the natural populations studied. Hybridisation and introgression are active processes in oaks and contribute to the evolution of the species complex
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Olsen, Jeffrey B. "Genetic interpretation of microsatellite polymorphism in Pacific salmon : case studies in population genetics and kinship analysis /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5285.
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Nerkowski, Stacey A. "MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS OF POPULATION STRUCTURE IN THE SANTA ANA SPECKLED DACE (RHINICTHYS OSCULUS)". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/225.
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Rhinichthys osculus, the Speckled Dace, is one of the most ubiquitous fish in western North America. Within the Southern California region, the local taxon is known as the Santa Ana Speckled Dace. The purpose of this study was to characterize and identify polymorphic microsatellite markers for R. osculus in which twenty-three were identified through Illumina pair-end sequencing. Seven of these loci were then used to examine the patterns of genetic variation and population structure that occurred within and among the watersheds in the Southern California. The study also examined the regional relationships among Southern California, Central California and Owen’s River Valley. Analysis of the microsatellite data revealed highly significant moderate levels of population structure exist within the Southern California region (RST=0.160, p=0.001). This structure is best explained by watershed as well as isolation by distance (R2=.2286, p=0.010). Highly significant geographic structure also exists among the geographic regions of Southern California, Central Coast, and Owen’s River Valley regions (RST= 0.600, p-value=0.001) that are congruent with the regional differentiation elucidated by mtDNA sequence data. In both cases, the degree of population differentiation was correlated with isolation by distance. Utilizing this information we were able gain a better understanding of the evolutionary relationships among the Southern California populations of Santa Ana Speckled Dace. Within the Santa Ana Speckled Dace populations we examined four models to explain the geographic structure: watershed, mountain range, tributary, and isolation by distance. While all were significant, the tributary model exhibited the higher level of population structure (RST= 0.160, p-value=0.001) and a significant correlation was exhibited between geographic distance and population structure, suggesting isolation by distance may be playing a role. The results of the microsatellite analysis are congruent with an earlier broad scale analysis of mtDNA sequence data that suggests the Central California and the Owens Valley populations diverged from each other prior to the divergence of the Santa Ana Speckled Dace populations from the Colorado Basin populations, and that the Central Coast populations were not established as a result of a migration event from the Southern California populations, as was previously hypothesized. Primarily due to human activity, Santa Ana Speckled Dace habitat has become highly fragmented resulting in some populations becoming extirpated. We hope this study will guide the strategies for the conservation of the remaining populations of Santa Ana Speckled Dace and watershed management in Southern California.
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Qureshi, Khaver Naseer. "The clinical significance and analysis of DNA microsatellites and TP53 associated changes in bladder cancer". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247848.
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Molinier, Virginie. "Diversité génétique et aromatique de la truffe de Bourgogne". Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS021/document.
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Les Truffes sont des champignons ascomycètes ectomycorhiziens appartenant à la famille des Tuberaceae et plus précisément au genre Tuber. On dénombre à ce jour plus d’une trentaine d’espèces de Tuber en Europe. Lors de ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes plus précisément focalisés sur le modèle Tuber aestivum-uncinatum. Cette truffe communément appelée « Truffe de Bourgogne » présente un intérêt à la fois gastronomique et culturel.La première partie de ce travail de thèse a porté sur la clarification du statut taxonomique de la truffe de Bourgogne (Tuber uncinatum). Pour cela, nous avons utilisé une approche multi-marqueurs combinant des marqueurs génétiques couramment utilisés à l’échelle interspécifique. Nos analyses ont montré que les deux taxons Tuber aestivum (la truffe d’été) et Tuber uncinatum sont conspécifiques. Durant la deuxième partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à la diversité génétique de Tuber aestivum. Pour cela, nous avons tout d’abord développé des marqueurs microsatellites spécifiques par une approche de « direct shotgun pyrosequencing ». Cette méthode a permis le développement de 15 marqueurs microsatellites polymorphes. Nous les avons ensuite utilisés pour génotyper des individus provenant de différentes localisations en Europe. Nous avons pu identifier quatre sous populations différenciées qui ne correspondent pas, pour la majorité, à une répartition géographique. Cependant, un des clusters se différencie des autres à la fois par sa situation géographique (sud de la France) et ses caractéristiques génétiques (présence d’allèles rares). Ces résultats préliminaires pourraient indiquer l’existence d’un écotype particulier attaché à une écologie méridionale, Tuber aestivum sensu stricto.Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés, dans la troisième partie de ce travail de thèse à la diversité aromatique de Tuber aestivum à l’échelle locale. Les résultats obtenus permettent de mettre en évidence l’existence d’une différenciation modérée entre les individus issus d’une truffière naturelle et les individus issus d’une truffière plantée. D’une saison de récolte à l’autre, une stabilité génotypique a été observée. Au niveau aromatique, seuls les composés C8 semblent être liés aux génotypes.Dans la dernière partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’analyse de données de récolte sur plus de trente ans au sein d’une truffière plantée de noisetiers inoculés initialement par Tuber melanosporum. Grâce à des analyses statistiques simples, nous avons pu noter les fluctuations tant en quantité qu’en poids des truffes récoltées suivant les saisons et les arbres truffiers. Il apparait que le remplacement de Tuber melanosporum par Tuber aestivum s’est fait de manière très rapide (trois ans). La disparition de Tuber melanosporum peut probablement être expliquée par la fermeture de la canopée des noisetiers, Tuber melanosporum n’appréciant pas un ombrage excessifTruffles are ectomycorrhizal Ascomycota fungi belonging to the Tuberaceae family and more specifically to the Tuber genus. More than thirty Tuber species are currently described in Europe. In this thesis, we specifically focused on the Tuber aestivum-uncinatum model. This truffle is commonly called "Burgundy Truffle" and has a gastronomic and cultural interest.The first part of this thesis focused on the taxonomic status of the Burgundy truffle (Tuber uncinatum). For this, we used a multi-marker approach combining several genetic markers commonly used at the interspecific scale. Our analyses showed that the two taxa, Tuber aestivum (summer truffle) and Tuber uncinatum are conspecific.In the second part, we addressed the genetic diversity of Tuber aestivum. To do this, we firstly developed specific microsatellite markers by "direct shotgun pyrosequencing". This method has allowed the development of 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Then, we used those markers to genotype individuals from different European locations. We have identified four differentiated subpopulations that not correspond, for the majority, to a geographical distribution. However, one cluster differs from the others by its location (south of France) and its genetic characteristics (presence of rare alleles). These preliminary results may indicate the existence of a particular ecotype attached to a southern ecology: Tuber aestivum sensu stricto.We were then interested, in the third part of this thesis, to the aromatic diversity of Tuber aestivum at a local scale. Our results highlight the existence of a moderate differentiation between individuals from a natural truffle orchard and individuals from planted orchard. From one season to another, genotypic stability was observed. Only C8 volatile organic compounds seem to be related to the genotypes.In the last part, we analyzed harvesting data, over more than thirty years, from an hazelnut truffle orchard initially inoculated by Tuber melanosporum. Through simple statistical analyzes, we noted changes in both quantity and weight of truffles harvested according to the seasons and hazelnut trees. It appears that Tuber aestivum rapidly replaced Tuber melanosporum (in three years). The disappearance of Tuber melanosporum can probably be explained by the canopy closure; Tuber melanosporum not appreciating excessive shading
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Vowels, Kelly. "Estimating Population Numbers of Black Bears (Ursus Americanus) in Eastern Kentucky Using Microsatellite Analysis". TopSCHOLAR®, 2002. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/644.
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Black bears (Ursus americanus) occur sporadically in eastern Kentucky, and there is some evidence that a breeding population exists. In order to establish management practices to enhance the black bear population in Kentucky, information about this population is needed. However, until recently, no population size estimate has been available. Gathering information on black bears is difficult because black bears are elusive animals. The development of new molecular methods has made it easier to track and gather information on black bear populations, including estimates of population size. Molecular markers are particularly useful in that they do not require physical contact with the animal. Both scat and hair can be collected and utilized to identify individuals. Approximately 100 hair traps were placed throughout the eastern wildlife management regions and were monitored for a six-month period at two-week intervals by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources. A total of 108 hair and scat samples were obtained. Eight microsatellite markers and one SRY marker were used to genotype and determine the sex of individual black bears. A minimum of thirty- nine different individuals (26 males and 13 females) were identified during the study period. Most of the individuals were identified during June and July and were collected from Pine Mountain and Kingdom Come areas. Capture histories of these individuals were then analyzed to estimate population numbers for the entire study area and Pine Mt/Kingdom Come using models from the computer program CAPTURE, Schnabel-Schumacher method, and Jolly-Seber method. The estimates for the entire study area were not very accurate, because the hair traps did not cover the entire study area. The number of bears between the clusters of hair traps could not be determined. The estimates for Pine Mountain and Kingdom Come were the more accurate, because the traps covered most of this area. For CAPTURE program, the estimates for Pine Mt/Kingdom Come ranged from 23 using hair and scat data combined to 58 using hair data only. Both estimates used M(tb) model, but estimates based on scat and hair data combined used Burnham estimator while estimates based on hair only used Jackknife estimator. Population estimates using Jolly-Seber method were only done using hair and scat combined for Pine Mt/Kingdom Come and ranged from 11 to 21. Using Arlequin 2.0, the average genetic diversity of the population was found to be approximately 0.75 (+/-0.409), which is similar to the diversity that is found from other black bear populations. The relatedness between the individuals was also tested using Kinship 1.2. Only seven individuals were found to be unrelated to any other individuals. There seem to a strong genetic relatedness between most of the individuals identified in the study area.
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Fernandez, Marcel Alexander. "Distribution, abundance and analysis of polymorphic microsatellite DNA in Aspergillus flavipes and Pythium ultimum". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23602.pdf.
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Behara, Anouk Margareta Pramila. "Genetic diversity in Canadian horse breeds based on microsatellite analysis applications for livestock conservation". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0022/NQ51028.pdf.
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Kim, Susan C. (Susan Cecilia). "Mission design and trajectory analysis for inspection of a host spacecraft by a microsatellite". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37566.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-179).
The trajectory analysis and mission design for inspection of a host spacecraft by a microsatellite is motivated by the current developments in designing and building prototypes of a microsatellite inspector vehicle. Two different, mission scenarios are covered in this thesis - a host spacecraft in orbit about Earth and in deep space. Some of the key factors that affect the design of an inspection mission are presented and discussed. For the Earth orbiting case, the range of available trajectories - natural and forced - is analyzed using the solution to the Clohessy-Wiltshire (CW) differential equations. Utilizing the natural dynamics for inspection minimizes fuel costs, while still providing excellent opportunities to inspect and image the surface of the host spacecraft. The accessible natural motions are compiled to form a toolset, which may be employed in planning an inspection mission. A baseline mission concept for a microsatellite inspector is presented in this thesis. The mission is composed of four primary modes: deployment mode, global inspection mode, point inspection mode, and disposal mode. Some figures of merit that may be used to rate the success of the inspection mission are also presented.
(cont.) A simulation of the baseline mission concept for the Earth orbiting scenario is developed from the trajectory toolset. The hardware simulation is based on the current microinspector hardware developments at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Through the figures of merit, the quality of the inspection mission is shown to be excellent, when the natural dynamics are utilized for trajectory design. The baseline inspection mission is also extended to the deep space case.
by Susan C. Kim.
S.M.
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Vishakha, FNU. "CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROSATELLITE LOCI AND PILOT POPULATION GENETIC ANALYSIS IN HICKORY SHAD, ALOSA MEDIOCRIS". VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/422.
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The hickory shad (Alosa mediocris) is a relatively understudied species of the anadromous fish sub-family Alosinae. This study, the first population genetic analysis of this species, employed 12 neutral microsatellite loci to estimate genetic diversity and population structure in tributaries of lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia including James River and its tributaries (Appomattox and Chickahominy Rivers), Rappahannock River, and Pamunkey River. Genetic variation was extremely low. Estimates of observed heterozygosity were lower than expected heterozygosity. Significant population structure was detected among the six samples (FST = 0.093, p = 0.01). Effective population sizes were low (Ne ranged from 2 to 134). The lack of genetic diversity, especially compared to that of the American shad, was striking and could be the result of a bottleneck that took place more than thirty years ago which may plausibly account for the low genetic variation observed across all populations.
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Whittaker, Philip. "On board signal analysis using novel analogue/digital signal processing techniques on low earth orbit mini/microsatellites". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343484.
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Becquet, Vanessa. "Evaluation des capacités adaptatives du bivalve Macoma balthica (L.) dans un contexte de changement global : analyse comparée des processus neutres et soumis à sélection". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00591636.
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L'aire de distribution des espèces est conditionnée à la fois par des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques et ses frontières dépendent généralement des limites physiologiques de l'espèce. Ainsi, en bordure d'aire de répartition, les populations se caractérisent par une diversité génétique moindre ainsi qu'une forte différentiation génétique et leur existence dépend d'un équilibre fragile entre événements de colonisation et d'extinction.Depuis les années 1970, l'augmentation et l'accélération des pressions anthropiques exercées sur les écosystèmes bouleversent ces équilibres et des modifications de l'aire de répartition sont observées chez certaines espèces dont le bivalve Macoma balthica, espèce clé des écosystèmes littoraux en Europe, dont la limite sud de répartition s'est décalée vers le nord-est au cours des quarante dernières années.Afin d'évaluer les capacités adaptatives de M. balthica et dans un but de conservation, deux approches complémentaires ont été menées dans des environnements contrastés qui ont permis de mettre en évidence des signes d'adaptation locale.D'une part, l'étude du génome neutre à l'aide des outils méthodologiques et concepts de la génétique des populations a permis d'inférer l'histoire démographique de l'espèce avec une attention particulière portée sur une baie en limite d'aire de répartition (Baie de Marennes Oléron, France) et sur une baie soumise à de fortes pressions physico-chimiques (Baie de Gdansk, Pologne). Nous avons mis en évidence notamment :(i) un polymorphisme significatif dans les populations en limite d'aire en opposition avec les attendus théoriques(ii) des ruptures au flux de gènes dans le golfe de Gascogne soumis au réchauffement des eaux de surface mais aussi le long d'un gradient environnemental dans la baie de Gdansk. D'autre part, l'étude moléculaire de la sélection a été menée par la méthode de pyroséquençage sur le transcriptome d'individus prélevés en milieux contrastés. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence des tendances d'expression différentielle de gènes de réponse générale au stress selon le milieu considéré.
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Papachristou, Charalampos. "Constructing confidence regions for the locations of putative trait loci using data from affected sib-pair designs". Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124226056.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 122 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-122). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Rhody, Nicole. "Optimisation of common snook Centropomus undecimalis broodstock management". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21200.
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Advances in aquaculture technologies are being investigated to support the replenishment of local fisheries, develop marine food fish farming opportunities and to increase seafood production globally. In order to promote the expansion and development of aquaculture technologies required to raise new finfish species, a number of key bottlenecks restricting commercial-scale culture need to be addressed, including the ability to control fish reproduction in captivity and to produce high quality seeds. One candidate species for large-scale production, and the focus of this work, is common snook. Prized as a food fish in Mexico, Central and South America and as a popular game fish along the Gulf coast of the United States; common snook are economically important having both a high market value and recreational demand. Despite recent advances in captive spawning, a number of reproductive bottlenecks still need to be addressed such as lack of spontaneous spawning in captivity, poor fertilization rates and inconsistent production of high quality eggs and larvae. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis was to better understand the reproductive biology of common snook in order to develop protocols to improve the reliability of captive spawning in closed recirculating aquaculture systems and the quality of eggs produced as a basis for commercial scale cultivation. First, this PhD project described oocyte development in common snook and validated a non-invasive method for assessing reproductive condition in wild and captive stocks (Chapter 2). This was done by using a tiered and adaptable staging scheme to compare the wet mount technique with histological preparations of ovarian biopsies. When compared with histology, the wet mount provided an immediate and precise method for determining whether female broodstock were candidates for hormonal induction. In fishery biology, an understanding of fish reproductive success and population reproductive potential is critical for designing and implementing effective fisheries management strategies. The wet mount technique provides a tool for non-lethal, low-cost determination of reproductive status in wild fish stocks. The next research chapter focused on spawning induction of captive snook populations. The first trial compared the effects of slow and regular release GnRHa implants whereas the second trial investigated the effects of GnRHa, alone or in combination with the dopamine antagonist, pimozide (PIM), on milt characteristics and plasma steroid levels in captive male common snook broodstock (Chapter 3). In an effort to better enable reliable control of reproduction under captive conditions, the annual plasma sex steroid profile of captive male and female broodstock maintained under natural photo-thermal conditions was also examined. When possible, milt samples were collected pre and post implantation; sperm density, sperm motility and spermatocrit were documented among individual males. The assigned treatments appeared to have no or little effects on milt production in male broodstock although plasma steroid levels were found to be significantly elevated in individuals treated with GnRHa in combination with the dopamine antagonist, pimozide. At the time this work was performed, no data on spawning dynamics, including individual spawning performance, had been reported for common snook in captivity. Mass spawning tanks are complex systems where fish are left to spawn naturally and fertilized eggs are collected with little or no control over the mating of the animals. Therefore, the third part of this thesis explored the potential of DNA profiling for monitoring mating outcomes in captive broodstock by employing eight microsatellite markers to detect and quantify individual parental contributions for 2,154 larvae obtained from the three broodstock tanks (Chapter 4). The panel of loci was generally robust and allowed unambiguous assignment of 89% of larvae to a single family. Overall, spawn contribution data 1) provided a confirmation of GnRHa treatment efficacy in female snook with a minimum stage of oogenesis (late secondary growth-SGl) required for successful spawning, 2) identified a potential impact of handling on maturation and spawning of captive broodstock and 3) confirmed that, through photothermal conditioning, captive broodstock can spawn over consecutive days and several times per year including outside of their natural spawning season. The exogenous cues that tropical species use to synchronize key life events like reproduction remain largely unstudied, therefore, my PhD project also investigated the influence of tidal cycle on reproductive activity in common snook (Chapter 5). Real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays were developed and validated to measure the temporal expression patterns of gonadotropin genes (fshβ and lhβ) during the reproductive cycle in males and females. These were evaluated in relation to sex steroid production, LH blood plasma levels, gonadal development and tidal cycle. The phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of common snook for fshβ and lhβ revealed strong identity with other teleosts (75-90%). Additionally, the mRNA profiles of fshβ and lhβ in the pituitary of females displayed a clear pattern of expression concomitant with histological changes in oocyte development. Histological observations of gonads suggested a circa-tidal rhythm of follicular development. The findings, as a whole, provided new information supporting the role of tidal cycle on the entrainment of gametogenesis allowing for a better understanding of the environmental control of reproduction in common snook. Although the primary research emphasis in this PhD was on broodstock spawning and gamete quality, the final chapter focuses on larval ontogeny. The goal of this research was to gain improve understanding of the early life history characteristics of common snook in order to improve larval culture technologies. To do so, a combination of digital photography and histological techniques were used to document the embryonic and early larval development (0 to 14 days post hatch-DPH) of hatchery-reared individuals (Chapter 6). Larvae hatched 15 h after fertilization at 28°C, lacked pigmentation, had a rudimentary digestive tract and undeveloped visual system. Development was rapid and by 3 DPH larvae had almost doubled in length, the yolk sac was nearly exhausted, the mouth was open and eyes were pigmented with a well-structured retinal layer. The alimentary canal was differentiated into three distinct sections including the foregut, midgut and hindgut. Food was observed in the gut (rotifers) and structural epithelium organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and dark vesicles, were all present in high numbers. The swim bladder was formed and inflated. In summary, understanding early ontogenetic development in common snook can help provide information needed to address key bottlenecks seen in captive cultivation, such as the high incidence of larval mortality observed during the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding. Overall, this doctoral work 1) validated molecular and endocrine analytical tools for future studies of common snook reproductive physiology, 2) provided a better understanding of both broodfish requirements in tank systems as well as the endocrine control of reproduction and spawning at the level of the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis, 3) increased our knowledge in genetic management of captive broodstock, in terms of parentage assignment and 4) offered new insight into wild population reproductive strategy as well as how reproduction is entrained through environmental cues and the pathways leading to oocyte recruitment and maturation. The new information presented here can be used to conserve wild snook stocks through production of farm raised individuals as a sustainable source of seafood and for fisheries enhancement.
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Grana, Jacopo. "Analisi di paternità sulla specie Anguilla anguilla con l'utilizzo di marcatori loci microsatelliti". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10037/.
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L’anguilla europea, Anguilla anguilla, è una specie gravemente minacciata, sia da impatti diretti legati al sovrasfruttamento della specie a tutti gli stadi del ciclo vitale, che indiretti come l’urbanizzazione costiera e la perdita di habitat lagunari. Negli ultimi 45 anni è stata documentata una riduzione del tasso di reclutamento di anguilla europea del 90%. Lo scopo di questo studio è stato approfondire le modalità riproduttive di A. anguilla per via indiretta, attraverso un’analisi di paternità. Il Centro di ricerca universitario di Cesenatico (Laboratori di Acquacoltura ed Igiene delle Produzioni Ittiche – Università di Bologna) ha avviato le prime sperimentazioni su A. anguilla, al fine di mettere a punto un protocollo di riproduzione artificiale. Nell’estate 2015 i ricercatori hanno ottenuto sette riproduzioni spontanee in ambiente controllato, da queste sono state campionate casualmente e genotipizzate circa 40 larve per ogni mandata riproduttiva e i relativi riproduttori per condurre l’analisi di paternità. In ogni riproduzione è stata utilizzata sempre e soltanto una femmina e tre o quattro maschi; le analisi genetiche, condotte utilizzando 9 loci microsatelliti, si sono focalizzate sull’individuazione dei padri e l’assegnamento di paternità è avvenuto con un livello di confidenza medio dell’89%. Dalle analisi effettuate è emerso che: 1) i maschi di questa specie, precedentemente sottoposti a stimolazioni ormonali per indurne la riproduzione e la fertilità, sono in grado di partecipare con successo a più di una riproduzione; 2) più esemplari riescono a fecondare gli ovociti di una sola femmina e sembrano stabilirsi modelli gerarchici di dominanza in quanto si è osservato generalmente che un maschio prevale sugli altri, generando da solo più del 50% della prole.
Questo studio pilota rappresenta, quindi, un punto di partenza per approfondimenti futuri sulle modalità riproduttive dell’anguilla europea.
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Chaix, Gilles. "Etudes des flux de gènes dans un verger à graines d'Eucalyptus grandis à Madagascar". Montpellier, ENSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSA0030.
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Jabbarifarhoud, Houman. "Morphometric, Mtdna And Microsatellite Analysis In Honeybee Populations (apis Mellifera L.) Of North And Northwest Iran". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605463/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
MORPHOMETRIC, MtDNA AND MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS IN HONEYBEE POPULATIONS (Apis mellifera L.) OF
NORTH AND NORTHWEST IRAN
Morphometric measurements, mitochondrial DNA analyses and 5 microsatellite loci were used to investigate variation in the honeybee populations of Iran and comparing it with the Turkish populations. Five honeybee populations were sampled from North and west north of Iran.
In morphometric aspect of the study 23 characters were measured from left forewings and hindlegs of honey bee samples. The data were analysed by multivariate statistical analyses.
By using mtDNA analyses length polymorphism of the intergenic region COI-COII of mitochondrial DNA was studied. After amplification of this region by the polymerase chain reaction, DraI enzyme was used for restriction of amplified region. Results of mtDNA studies show no diversity between four populations and all of them exhibit the same C1 pattern.
Five microsatellite loci (A7, A24, A28, A43 and A113) were used in this studies.A high level of average heterozygosity changing between 0.611 and 0.709 was detected in Iranian honey bee populations, and a significant degree of polymorphism was observed. Although Urmia, Sarein and Viladereg populations are similar, Amol population which has located in northern Iran shows a significant difference from other populations. Result obtained form morphometric studies are supporting microsatellite analyses. By comparing data obtained form Iranian honey bee populations with Turkish population (Hakkari), western populations (Urmia, Sarein and Viladereg) are more similar to Hakkari population. It is found Amol is significantly different form other populations and better represents Iranian honeybee.
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Martyniuk, Christopher Joseph. "A microsatellite DNA analysis examining the relationship between growth and maturation rate genes in rainbow trout". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58358.pdf.
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Castilho, da Costa A. Rita C. F. "Genetic analysis of European seabass (Dicentrarchus Labrax L.) from Portuguese waters using allozyme and microsatellite loci". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21585.
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Genetic differentiation among juvenile samples of the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the coast of Portugal is reported by means of two types of genetic markers: allozymes and microsatellites. Repeat samples were taken from 5 different nursery grounds (Aveiro, Foz, Obidos, Milfontes and Faro) along the coast of Portugal between November 1992 and February 1994. Starch-gel electrophoresis was used to assess the level and distribution of genetic variability of 38 loci. Six of these were found to be polymorphic at the 99% level and were used in population surveys: AAT-3*, ADA *, GPI-I *, GPI-2*, G3PDH-2*, SOD*. Statistical analysis revealed low but statistically significant multilocus F.'I (0.0108, p
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Slabbert, Ruhan. "Identification of growth related quantitative Trait Loci within the abalone using comparative microsatellite bulked segregant analysis". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5477.
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Thesis (PhD (Genetics))--Stellenbosch University, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African abalone, Haliotis midae, is a commercially valuable mollusc and is mostly exported to the Far East. Genetics research on H. midae has increased substantially since a genetic improvement programme was introduced in 2006 by collaboration between Stellenbosch University, government and industry partners. The development of molecular markers, QTL-mapping, gene-expression and genome manipulations are the main focuses of the research currently being conducted. The end goal is to create high quality and fast growing animals for the industry. The present study focused on the development of microsatellite markers and the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting growth traits (shell length, shell width, wet weight) in this species. A combination of three methods, namely selective genotyping and bulked segregant analysis (pooling analysis), single marker regression and interval mapping were used to identify putative QTL in two full-sib families from two different farmed locations. Additional methods and protocols were developed that can assist the industry in other molecular research aspects. A total of 125 microsatellite loci were characterised. A total of 82 of these loci were isolated using second generation sequencing, a first for any abalone species. A preliminary, low-density framework linkage map was constructed containing 50 loci that mapped to 18 linkage groups. The observed genome length was 148.72cm with coverage of ±47%. QTL analyses revealed two putative QTL for shell width and wet weight, with 17% and 15% variance explained, that mapped on one linkage group in the first family and three putative QTL, for shell length, shell width and wet weight, with 33%, 28.5% and 31.5% variance explained, that mapped on one linkage group in the second family. Additional methods and protocols developed include an automated high-throughput DNA isolation protocol, a real-time PCR assay for H. midae x H. spadicea hybrid verification, a triploid verification microsatellite assay and a pre- and post-PCR multiplex setup and optimisation protocol. Future studies focussing on QTL and marker assisted selection (MAS) should verify the QTL found in this study and also utilise additional family structures and determine QTL-marker phase within the commercial populations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse perlemoen, Haliotis midae, is ’n kommersieel waardevolle weekdier en word hoofsaaklik na die Verre-Ooste uitgevoer. Genetiese navorsing op H. midae het aansienlik toegeneem sedert ’n genetiese verbeteringsprogram in 2006 deur samewerking tussen die Universiteit van Stellenbosch, die regering en industrievennote ingebring is. Die ontwikkeling van molekulêre merkers, KEL-kartering, geen-uitdrukking en genoom manipulasies is die hooffokusse van die navorsing wat tans uitgevoer word. Die einddoel is om hoë kwaliteit en snelgroeiende diere vir die industrie te skep. Die huidige studie het op die ontwikkeling van mikrosatelliet merkers en die opsporing van groeiverwante (skulplengte, -breedte en nat gewig) kwantitatiewe eienskap lokusse (KEL) in hierdie spesie gefokus. ’n Kombinasie van drie metodes, naamlik selektiewe genotipering en versamelde segregaat analise (samevoegingsanalise), enkel merker regressie en intervalkartering is gebruik om waarskynlike KEL in twee vol-sibbe families van twee verskillende produksiegebiede te identifiseer. Aanvullende metodes en protokolle is ontwikkel wat die industrie in ander molekulêre navorsingsaspekte kan ondersteun. ’n Totaal van 125 mikrosatelliet lokusse is beskryf. ’n Totaal van 82 van hierdie lokusse is deur die gebruik van derde generasie volgordebepaling geïsoleer, ’n eerste vir enige perlemoen spesie. ’n Voorlopige, laedigtheid raamwerkkoppelingskaart is saamgestel met 50 lokusse wat op 18 koppelingsgroepe gekarteer is. Die waarneembare genoomlengte was 148.72cm met ’n dekking van ±47%. KEL-analises het twee waarskynlike KEL vir skulpbreedte en nat gewig blootgelê wat 17% en 15% variasie verduidelik en is op een koppelingsgroep in die eerste familie gekarteer asook drie waarskynlike KEL, vir skulplengte, -breedte en nat gewig wat 33%, 28.5% en 31.5% variasie verduidelik en is op een koppelingsgroep in die tweede familie gekarteer. Aanvullende metodes en protokolle wat ontwikkel is, sluit ’n geoutomatiseerde hoë-deurgang DNS-isolasieprotokol, ’n intydse PKR-proef vir H. midae x H. spadicea hibried verifikasie, ’n triploïed verifikasie mikrosatellietproef en veelsoortige pre- en post-PKR opstelling en optimaliseringsprotokol in. Toekomstige studies wat fokus op KEL en merker ondersteunde seleksie (MOS) behoort die KEL wat in hierdie studie gevind is te verifieer en ook bykomende familie strukture te benut om KEL-merker fases binne die kommersiële populasie te bepaal.
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Crouse, Amanda Louise. "Genetic analysis of the endangered silver rice rat (Oryzomys palustris natator) and Lower Keys marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri)". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4822.
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Genetic analyses of two endangered species of mammals in the Lower Keys of
Florida (Lower Keys marsh rabbit, LKMR, Sylvilagus palustris hefneri; silver rice rat,
SRR, Oryzomys palustris natator) were performed to evaluate the genetic structure of
their populations. Mitochondrial sequence data (control region; 763 base pairs (bp),
LKMR; 788 bp, SRR) were used to explore patterns of genetic variation within and
among island populations in both species. Analysis of the SRR also included 8
polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci (9 to 16 alleles). Phylogenetic analyses of
mitochondrial sequence data for both species revealed two main lineages corresponding
to eastern and western localities, with high levels of genetic structuring (LKMR FST =
0.982, SRR æST = 0.916). The two species differed in the level of sequence divergence
between eastern and western populations (LKMR, 19 bp; SRR 4 bp). In addition to an
overall similar pattern of genetic subdivision, populations of both species possessed low
levels of mtDNA variation (haplotypic diversity in the LKMR = 66.1%, SRR = 58.6%).
Microsatellite analyses of the SRR revealed subdivision between eastern and western
regions. Although less pronounced than the structure observed in mtDNA, the overall pattern was still apparent. Additional examination of divergence between mainland and
Lower Keys rice rats revealed a genetic division that indicated a lack of recent gene
exchange between the regions (i.e. no shared haplotypes, the presence of private alleles,
and distinctive separation in numerous analyses). Although this degree of division does
not warrant species designation, the levels and patterns of divergence, both
morphological and genetic, do suggest genetic isolation of mainland and island forms.
This fact, along with restricted gene flow between the Lower Keys and the Everglades,
suggests that the SRR is on an evolutionary trajectory separate from its mainland
counterparts and validates its identification as a separate subspecies, Oryzomys palustris
natator. Finally, the genetic division between eastern and western populations of the
SRR and LKMR suggests that populations of both species in these two regions of the
Lower Keys should be treated as separate management units, especially when
considering the enhancement of populations via translocations.
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Areshchenkova, Tatyana. "Isolation, characterization and mapping of microsatellites from the tomato genome and their application in molecular analysis of centromeric regions". [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961390336.
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Solomon, Dylan Raymond. "Analysis and design of the mechanical systems onboard a microsatellite in low-Earth orbit: an assessment study". Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/solomon/SolomonD0506.pdf.
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A study of the mechanical systems contributing to the design and performance of a picosatellite's mission in low-Earth orbit (LEO) was performed through design and analysis. The unique architecture of this satellite stems from a form factor established by the internationally recognized CubeSat Program. This CubeSat-Plus architecture limits the satellite's size to be no larger than a 10 x 10 x 15 cm cube with an overall mass not exceeding 2 kg. This satellite would then be launch into LEO and conduct on-orbit GPS measurements while remaining tethered to the second stage booster of a Boeing Delta II Launch Vehicle (LV). To ensure the structural integrity of the satellite, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted on all primary, secondary, and tertiary structural constituents to determine the maximum stresses experienced by the satellite during launch, deployment, and while in orbit around Earth. All space deliverable platforms must be designed in strength to satisfy a predetermined standard as set forth by the LV provider. Theoretical characterization of the dynamic environment coupled with the equation of motion, and static failure modes were the primary constituents of this assessment study. Consequential data sets piloted the assessment criterion and a means of implementing conclusive remarks. The design of this satellite will reveal evidence of system level design philosophies that were required given the extremely small form factor. The satellite's on-orbit thermal environment was quantified and characterized using finite difference techniques and solar simulation software. The extremely dynamic behavior of a LEO satellite required a fundamental understanding of both long wave and shortwave thermal radiation along with creative strategies to ensure on-orbit thermal stability for the satellite's electrical components. Thermal Desktop was employed to develop an accurate thermal model by which to assess incident radiation, conductive and radiative heat management, and temperature-dependent mechanical responses of the satellite's structure and working systems. Conclusions from both the design efforts and model analyses show that this picosatellite is both sufficiently strong to survive the expected launch loads, and provides a thermally stable environment for the components housed within its interior.
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Bergfors, Monica. "Evaluation of Microsatellite Instability Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool to Identify Lynch Syndrome in Endometrial Cancer Patients". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227772.
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Hereditary endometrial cancer (EC) is a Lynch syndrome (LS) related cancer variant and 2-10% of all EC are hereditary. The aim of this study was to develop a method for analysis of microsatellite instability (MSI) as such analysis would assist in identifying potential LS patients with EC at an early state of their disease, before a possible second cancer is developed in another organ. Twenty-six patients with adenocarcinoma in the endometrium, diagnosed at Uppsala University Hospital in Sweden between 1993 and 2012, were included in the study. Seven of these patients were also diagnosed with LS and the rest were sporadic EC. DNA was extracted from the patients’ formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. The extracted DNA was subjected to a multiplex PCR with fluorescently labelled primers and then analysed by using capillary electrophoresis. Of the sporadic EC, 26% was MSI-High, which correlates well with published data. Of the LS patients, 83% was MSI-High. The outcome of this project resulted in that MSI analysis is now a validated and established method used in the process of identifying potential LS among patients with EC.
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Vargas, Amalia. "Development and Use of Microsatellite Markers for Genetic Diversity Analysis of Canahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2487.
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Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) is a poorly studied, annual subsistence crop of the high Andes of South America. Its nutritionally value (high in protein and mineral content) and ability to thrive in harsh climates (drought, extreme elevations, etc.) make it an important regional food crop throughout the Andean region. The objectives of this study were to develop genetic markers and to quantify genetic diversity within cañahua. A set of 43 wild and cultivated cañahua genotypes and two related species (C. quinoa and C. petiolare) were evaluated for polymorphism using 192 microsatellite markers derived from random genomic sequences produced by 454 pyro-sequencing of cañahua genomic DNA. In addition, another and 424 C. quinoa based microsatellite markers were evaluate as potential cross-species marker loci. A total of 48 polymorphic microsatellite marker loci were identified which detected a total of 168 alleles with an average of 3.5 alleles per marker locus and an average heterozygosity value of 0.47. A cluster analysis, based on Nei genetic distance, grouped the cultivated cañahua into a single dominant branch clearly separated from wild cañahua genotypes and the outgroup species. Within the cultivated genotypes, two dominant subclades were present that were further partitioned by AMOVA analysis into five model-based clusters. Significant correlations were found between genetic distance and morphological traits. The isolation by distance test displayed no significant correlation between geographic collection origin and genotypic data, suggesting that cañahua populations have moved extensively, presumably via ancient food exchange strategies among native peoples of the Andean region. The molecular markers reported here are a significant resource for ongoing efforts to characterize the extensive Bolivian and Peruvian cañahua germplasm banks, including the development of core germplasm collections needed to support emerging breeding programs.
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Monroe, Emy M. "Population Genetics and Phylogeography of Two Large-River Freshwater Mussel Species at Large and Small Spatial Scales". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1218129323.
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