Tesis sobre el tema "Microorganismes – Modèles mathématiques"
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Lobry, Jean R. "Ré-évaluation du modèle de croissance de Monod : effet des antibiotiques sur l'énergie de maintenance". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10134.
Texto completoAndré, Jean-Baptiste. "Niveaux de sélection chez les microparasites : virulence, coopération, mutation". Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20172.
Texto completoFothi, Abdellah. "Effets induits de la turbulence benthique sur les mécanismes de croissance du périphyton". Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT027H.
Texto completoCannavo, Patrice. "Variations saisonnières des activités respiratoire aérobie et dénitrifiante dans la zone non saturée du sol : expérimentation sur une parcelle agricole du Comtat Venaissin et modélisation". Avignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AVIG0030.
Texto completoNitrate (NO3-) groundwater contamination, in addition to greenhouse gases emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are crucial environmental and agronomic problems. The goal of this work was to characterize during a 7-months period C and N dynamics coupled to microbial activities in the vadose zone, emphasizing notably the interest in taking into account the existing biological processes in the deep vadose zone. Thus, a soil profile situated in an arable field in the Comtat Venaissin (Velleron, 84) was studied. The vadose zone (almost 2. 5 m thick) was equipped for water, heat, solute and gas fluxes measurements, during an inter-cropping period, from corn harvesting and tillage with incorporation of maize residues (end of October 2001), to the next sowing (beginning of May 2002). Microbial analysis were performed in order to follow (1) the aerobic respiratory and denitrifying potential activities, and (2) heterotrophic and denitrifying micro-organisms. Results showed the strong environmental factors influence (rainfall, soil temperature, NO3- content, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) quality) on microbial activities. In the deep vadose zone, the NO3- content was a limiting factor for the denitrifying activity, and the DOC quality was in part responsible of the aerobic respiratory activity seasonal variations. The biogeochemical processes, which occurred during the field experiment, were satisfactorily simulated by the PASTIS model. The addition of a new module for gas transport using the dusty gas theory allowed us to estimate correctly CO2 and N2O concentrations in the soil. The comparison model-experiment suggests to study the following elements: (1) to take into account the soil structure and to work at the aggregate scale, (2) to study the soil freezing effect on zymogenous biomass behaviour, and (3) to take into account the enzymatic activity, notably the N2O reductase enzymatic activity. These elements are really important in order to perform C and N amounts reaching the groundwater
Bensaker, Bachir. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l'identification d'un processus de croissance de micro-organismes marins (Dinophysis acuminata)". Le Havre, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LEHA0002.
Texto completoVoelker, François. "Étude des réversions d'auxotrophie chez une souche de Corynebacterium glutamicum productrice de L-lysine : effets de l'environnement sur les cinétiques de production de révertants et de L-lysine et essai de modélisation". Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD868.
Texto completoFavier, Lidia. "Etude cinétique et stoechiométrique de la croissance de Rhodospirillum rubrum en photobioréacteur". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF22538.
Texto completoColombié, Vincent. "Description de la production de spiramycine par Streptomyces ambofaciens : modélisation métabolique, simulation et capteur logiciel". Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAT0043.
Texto completoThe aim of this study is the development of a mathematical model which can describe a microorganism growth dynamic as well as its secondary metabolites productions. Eventually, this model might :identify and quantify the various steps of the fermentation (growth, macromolecular change, production) from on-line measurments during the process. Help to understand the behavior of overproducing strains by means of simulation. The analysis of a metabolic network which includes the central and secondary metabolism pathways led to a structure able to describe the growth dynamic with on-line measurements only. However it appeared impossible to predict the antibiotic production using the latter so the stoichiometric model has to be coupled to a phenomenological model the structure of which has to be defined experimentaly. The experimental study involved :the design of a chemically defined culture medium. The characterization of kinetic parameters during various nutrient limitations (nitrogen, carbon). The study of the effect of minimal glycolytic flux and anabolic activity on the antibiotic production. The identification of intracellular reserves formation and a correlation between their catabolism and the production. In the range of its metabolic limits defined experimentaly, the model was developed to describe the formation of intracellular polymers and coupled to a simple phenomenological model to describe the spiramycin production kinetic. Replacing symbolic input variables either by metabolic constraints or by on-line measurements, a simulator of the production and a software sensor able to determine the various phases of the culture on-line are respectively built
Aldarf, Mazen. "Culture sur milieux solides modèles de la croissance de Geotrichum candidum et de Penicillium camembertii : application à la maîtrise de l'affinage du camembert". Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10056.
Texto completoDurot, Maxime. "Elucidation du métabolisme des microorganismes par la modélisation et l'interprétation des données d'essentialités de gènes : application au métabolisme de la bactérie Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EVRY0017/document.
Texto completoMicrobial metabolism has traditionally been investigated at two different scales: the finest involves characterizing individually each reaction occurring in the cell; the largest focuses on global cell physiology. While both scales have recently benefited from technological advances, combining them remains, however, especially complex as the global physiological behavior of a cell results from the coordinated action of a large network of reactions. Mathematical modeling approaches have yet shown recently that genome-scale metabolic models could help in linking both scales. In this thesis, we explore the use of such models to expand the knowledge of reactions with a specific type of high-level data: gene essentiality data, assessed using growth phenotypes of deletion mutants. We will use as model organism the bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1, for which a genome-wide collection of gene deletion mutants has recently been created. Following a presentation of the key steps and developments that have been required to reconstruct a global metabolic model of A. baylyi, we will show that confronting observed and predicted phenotypes highlight inconsistencies between the two scales. We will then show that a formal interpretation of these inconsistencies can guide model corrections and improvements to the knowledge of metabolism. We will illustrate this claim by presenting model corrections triggered by A. baylyi mutant phenotypes. Finally, we will introduce a method that automates the correction of inconsistencies caused by wrong associations between genes and reactions
Cazelles, Bernard. "Modélisation d'un écosystème lotique : dynamique du carbone organique dissous et des microorganismes benthiques dans un cours d'eau cours". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10068.
Texto completoAdour, Lydia. "Cultures pures en bioréacteur de deux microorganismes d'affinage du camembert, penicillium camembertii et géotrichum candidum". Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10041.
Texto completoNormand, Raoul. "Modèles déterministes et aléatoires d'agrégation limitée et phénomène de gélification". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00631419.
Texto completoBerling, Marie. "Durabilité du contrôle du carpocapse des pommes et des poires (Cydia pomonella) avec le virus de la granulose (CpGV) : Résistance versus Virulence". Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3016.
Texto completoThe Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) has been used for fifteen years as a bioinsecticide in codling moth (C. Pomonella) control. In 2004, an insect population with low susceptibility to the virus was detected for the first time in southeast France. The resistance factor was estimated to be 13,000-fold. A laboratory colony of codling moth that was resistant (RGV) to the CpGV-M isolate used in the field was established with resistant insects collected in field followed by an introgression of the resistant trait into a susceptible colony (Sv). The genetic characterization of the resistance showed that the resistance is either monogenic or controlled by a single major gene. The major resistant gene of RGV was localized on the sexual chromosome Z and only small fitness costs have been related to the resistant trait. Blocking points of the viral infection in RGV hosts have not been identified. Nevertheless, the investigations suggest that the peritrophic membrane is not implicated and that the resistance is rather related with a viral multiplication problem in the host cells. A new viral isolate called NPP-R1 was identified and overcome partially the resistance of RGV larvae in laboratory. Serial passages have been carried out on RGV larvae starting from the NPP-R1 isolate. After 16 cycles, the viral isolate, 2016-r16, totally overcome the RGV resistance in laboratory
Quedeville, Vincent. "Mathematical analysis, modelling and simulation of microbial population dynamics". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0033.
Texto completoThe physiology of unicellular organisms results from a central metabolism which input-output balance accounts for both the cells’ state and their culture medium’s abundance. When bacteria are cultivated in a locally fed fermenter and transported in a turbulent flow, they have to deal with concentration gradients throughout their trajectory in the reactor. Simulating this physics in a multiscale modelling approach requires taking into account not only the well-known laws of hydrodynamics, but also the cells’ biochemistry which is still ill-understood to date. Moreover, the prohibitive cost of the numerics forces to reduce the models to constrain the duration of the experiments to a few weeks. In this context, special consideration has been given to the biological phase. The bacteria population dynamics is given by an integro-differential transport-rupture equation in the space of the particles’ inner coordinates. Picking the most appropriate variables is of paramount importance to best report the time evolution of the cells’ state throughout their history in the fermenter, the latter being comparable to a markovian process. The microorganisms’ length testifies to their morphology and their progress in the cell cycle, whereas the uptake rate of the surrounding resources leads to an evaluation of the material transfer between the liquid and biotic phases. The result is the estimation of the source term in the organisms’ central metabolism which outputs are the apparent rate of anabolism and, if over-uptake, activation of peripheral reactions to combust the surplus in organic compounds. Beyond their own history, the individuals’ metabolic yields can be impacted by the substrate availability at their neighbourhood, which stems from the feeding and the level of mixing in the reactor. The state variables have a compact support, what raises the question of the mathematical problem’s wellposedness, similarly as solving a PDE over a bounded set is traditionally more difficult than over ℝ^n, n∈ℕ. It is shown that the Malthus eigenfunction associated with the transport-rupture equation is C¹ as soon as fragmentation trumps cell growth near the right-hand edge of the size-distribution’s support. All in all, the solution is continuous at each time in the state space. These results allow the implementation of numerical codes to solve (in this work, by Monte-Carlo, Finite Volume, or Quadrature of MOMents methods) the well-posed problem, the algorithms being exploited to simulate five biochemical engineering experiments which conclusions are detailed in the literature
Lecomte, Maxime. "Approche hybride de modélisation explicable du métabolisme des écosystèmes microbiens". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0094.
Texto completoMicrobial communities are complex systems composed of various species of microorganisms interacting with each other and with their environment. Systems biology offers a framework for their study, combining experimentation, high-throughput data generation and the integration of the latter into computer models. Understanding these ecosystems requires the analysis of their metabolism and of the exchange of molecules between members, which can have positive or negative impacts on each other. Metabolism is a set of biochemical reactions that can be represented as a genome-scale metabolic network through the association of genes and reactions in an organism. These networks can be used to build metabolic models, mathematical representations of organism behavior under given environmental conditions. Scaling up to the analysis of a community composed of a few species under controlled conditions, or several hundreds in natural environments, raises methodological difficulties in the construction of models. This thesis manuscript deals with the construction of computational models for the analysis of metabolism and metabolic interactions in microbial ecosystems, with a particular attention on explaining the cellular mechanisms underlying bacterial interactions. Numerical solutions are mainly used - ensuring the accuracy of results - but they face combinatorial issues generated by bacterial interactions in large-scale communities. Discrete approaches overcome this problem, but are limited to pairwise analysis. In order to identify a putative methodological tradeoff reconciling the advantages of both approaches, i.e. finding a hybrid approach, a first contribution focuses on the development of a dynamic and accurate numerical model of a cheese bacterial community composed of three strains. Our iterative strategy enables the integration of heterogeneous data through refinement and dynamic calibration steps. This back-and-forth between knowledge and model ensures the accurate prediction of metabolite concentrations and bacterial densities during cheese production. We propose as a second contribution a reasoning-based model for deciphering cooperative and competitive potentials in bacterial communities. This model relies on the inference of logical rules motivated by biology in order to evaluate and compare community interaction potentials. Ecosystem-specific interactions potentials are retrieved, and the fast execution of the reasoning-based approach facilitates the screening of collections of communities. Finally, the third contribution is a reflection on the enrichment of the logic model. We propose a prototype based on the inference of logical rules, enabling (i) the selection of the best community based on biological constraints and (ii) the inference of a temporal notion, which can impact interaction potentials. Through this thesis, we demonstrate that the construction of a hybrid model of metabolism is not required but that a hybrid approach, using numerical models for small communities and discrete models for rapid analysis of full-size communities, seems to be relevant
Chaix, Estelle. "Caractérisation et modélisation des transferts de gaz (O2/CO2) dans le système emballage/aliment en lien avec les réactions de croissance microbienne (microbiologie prévisionnelle)". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20159/document.
Texto completoPackaging is a key player on reducing food losses, by defining around the food, via the mass transfer of gases (O2, CO2, N2) through the packaging, a headspace atmosphere whose composition is able to reduce physical-chemical (namely oxidation), microbial and physiological (for respiring foods) food degradation rate. In Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) of fresh produce, the gaseous composition of the headspace is chosen in order to prevent microorganism growth (usually low O2 and high CO2 concentrations are chosen). This work aimed at initiating and developing a generalised approach permitting to study and quantitatively model the impact of gas transfer (O2/CO2/N2) occurring in the food packaging system on microbial growth. In this purpose, existing models of predictive microbiology will be coupled to mass transfers (permeation through packaging and solubilisation/diffusion within food) using numerical methods such as ODE (Ordinary Differential Equation) solvers. If the permeation is relatively well known, the two other parameters, O2 and CO2 solubilities and diffusivities, required in mass transfer models are less known, especially for solid food matrices. Experimental acquisition of these parameters was thus required. Some dedicated methodologies have been developed in the framework of this study in order to gain missing data of solubility and diffusivity in solid food matrices for the two studied gases, O2 and CO2. The methods of O2 diffusivity and solubility measurement relied on the use of luminescence-based sensors while for CO2, the methodologies were based on chemical titration. A processed cheese was used as solid model food and the O2 and CO2 solubilities and diffusivities were characterized in this model food as in other real food products: cooked ham and butter. A peculiar attention was paid on the validation of Henry's law in the case of CO2 that links CO2 partial pressure to the dissolved content into the product. The O2 diffusion within lipid-based model materials was studied with a deep analysis of the impact of temperature and viscosity. The energy of activation of oxygen diffusivity in model matrix (Miglyol 812) was found equal to 25 kJ mol-1 for temperature ranging from 5 to 30°C. A mathematical model of gas transfer was developed for the overall food/packaging system and was coupled to existing equations of predictive microbiology. This generalised model was compared with experimental data obtained in the case of mono-directionnal transfers, on the mass transfer and microbiological part (on processed cheese voluntarily contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes with an initial biomass equal to 10^3 UFC g-1). This work had permitted to increase knowledge on the behaviour of O2 and CO2 solubilities and diffusivities into solid food products, to understand and quantify the impact of gas transfers in the food/packaging system on the microorganism growth and to build basements for a new decision support system aiming at helping the user in the choice and design of MAP for a given application
Duret, Marie-Pierre. "Les modèles en phytopathologie : étude du champignon Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sur colza (Brassica napus)". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10120.
Texto completoZiti, Chérif. "Analyse et simulation numérique d'un système hyperbolique modélisant le comportement d'une population bactérienne". Saint-Etienne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STET4004.
Texto completoCaulet, Philippe. "Caractérisation hydrodynamique d'un bioréacteur pulsé pneumatiquement". Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0036.
Texto completoBoiran. "Nitrification des effluents très chargés en azote et en matières organiques par un réacteur d'infiltration-percolation aéré". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL036N.
Texto completoCascallo, Anne. "Conception, contrôle et fonctionnement d'un photobioréacteur pour la culture en mode continu de la cyanobactérie Spirulina platensis". Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1268.
Texto completoArdeshiri, Hamidreza. "Dynamique des copépodes dans les écoulements turbulents". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10080/document.
Texto completoThe most common family of multi-celled organisms in the zooplankton is a rather diversified group of crustaceans known with the name of copepods. Copepods have a major role in the marine ecosystem because they are the secondary producers in the ecological food-chain linking phytoplankton cells to fish larvae and even to large mammals such as whales. Copepods swimming behavior exhibits quick powerful jumps. Such an aptness is used to escape from high shear regions, which may be caused either by flow perturbations, produced by a large predator (i.e., fish larvae), or by the inherent highly turbulent dynamics of the ocean. The research presented this thesis goes into three steps. Firstly, recorded velocity tracks of copepods displaying escape response jumps in still water are used to define and tune a Lagrangian copepod (LC) model. Secondly, the model is further employed to simulate the behavior of thousands of copepods in a fully developed hydrodynamic turbulent flow obtained by direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations. Thirdly, numerical data analysis is performed to quantify copepods’ dynamics in turbulence and make a comparison with available experimental observations of copepods in turbulence.Through a combined experimental and numerical study, we investigate the impact of jumping behavior on the small-scale patchiness of copepods in a turbulent environment. We further investigate the effect of jump intensity, jump orientation, jump latency time and geometrical aspect ratio of the copepods on the small-scale spatial distribution. At last, possible ecological implications of the observed clustering on encounter rates and mating success are provided
Baccar, Rim. "Plasticité de l'architecture du blé d'hiver modulée par la densité et la date de semis et son effet sur les épidémies de Septoria tritici". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00741439.
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