Tesis sobre el tema "Microenvironnement immunitaire des tumeurs"
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De, Vries-Brilland Manon. "Caractérisation du microenvironnement immunitaire des carcinomes papillaires du rein". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ANGE0017.
Texto completoArticle 1: Checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma : papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (pRCC) is the most common non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC) and a distinct entity, although heterogenous, associated with poor outcomes. The treatment landscape of metastatic pRCC (mpRCC) relied so far on targeted therapies, mimicking previous developments in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. However, antiangiogenics as well as mTOR inhibitors retain only limited activity in mpRCC. As development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is now underway in patients with mpRCC, we aimed at discussing early activity data and potential for future therapeutic strategies in monotherapy or combination. Expression of immune checkpoints such as PD-L1 and infiltrative immune cells in pRCC could provide insights into their potential immunogenicity, although this is currently poorly described. Based on retrospective and prospective data, efficacy of ICI as single agent remains limited. Combinations with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, notably with anti-MET inhibitors, harbor promising response rates and may enter the standard of care in untreated patients. Collaborative work is needed to refine the molecular and immune landscape of pRCC, and pursue efforts to set up predictive biomarker-driven clinical trials in these rare tumors. Article 2 : Comprehensive analyses of immune tumor microenvironment in papillary renal cell carcinoma. Background : papillary Renal CellCarcinoma (pRCC) is the most common non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC), and associated with poor outcomes in the metastatic setting. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) ,largely unknown, of patients with metastatic pRCC and identify potential therapeutic targets. Methods : we performed quantitative gene expression analysis of TME using MCP-counter methodology, on 2 independent cohorts of localized pRCC (n=271 and n=98). We then characterized the TME, using immunohistochemistry (n=38) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) (n=30) on metastatic pRCC from the prospective AXIPAP trial cohort. Results: unsupervised clustering identified 2 "TME subtypes", in each of the cohorts : the “immune-enriched” and the “immune-low”.Within AXIPAP trial cohort, the “immune-enriched” cluster was significantly associated with a worse prognosis according to the median overall survival to 8 months (95%CI, 6-29) versus 37 months (95%CI, 20-NA,p=0.001).The 2 immune signatures, Teff and JAVELIN Renal 101 Immuno signature, predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in ccRCC, were significantly higher in the “immune-enriched” group (adjusted p<0.05). Finally, 5 differentially overexpressed genes were identified, corresponding mainly to B lymphocyte populations. Conclusion : for the first time, using RNA-seqand IHC, we have highlighted a specific immune TME subtype of metastatic pRCC, significantly more infiltrated with T and Bimmune population. This “immune-enriched” group appears to have a worse prognosis and could have a potential predictive value for response to immunotherapy, justifying the confirmation of these results in a cohort of metastatic pRCC treated with CPI and incombination with targeted therapies
Pinot, Roussel Hélène. "Étude du microenvironnement immunitaire des tumeurs du poumon avec réarrangement ALK et rôle des lymphocytes résidents mémoires dans les tumeurs muqueuses (poumon, ORL)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB086.
Texto completoLung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality worlwide and a therapeutic challenge. Approximately 5% to 6% of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) have chromosomal rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene, which mainly involve the echinoderm microtubule–associated protein-like 4 (EML4) gene as a partner. Even if the ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), crizotinib, has been successfully developed in these patients, resistance invariably occurs leading to tumor relapse. The ALK rearranged protein is immunogenic, was shown to induce PD-L1 and highlight the potential of immunotherapy in this cancer. The first issue of our work was to set up an immunofluorescence multiplex platform to comprehensively analyse the tumor microenvironment of a retrospective cohort of 29 ALK positive ADC, compared to 27 EGFR mutated ADC and 25 wild type ADC. Mean number of total CD8+T cells expressing or not PD-1 and the ratio of CD8/regulatory T cells weren’t significantly different between the various subgroups. The percentage of tumor cells expressing PD-L1 were higher in the ALK positive ADC, than in the EGFR positive ADC or WT lung cancer. We found a significant correlation in ALK positive ADC between the number of total or intratumoral (intraT) CD8+ or PD-1+CD8+T and the expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells suggesting a possible role of adaptive immunity in the regulation of PD-L1 on these tumor cells. Furthermore, the percentage of patients displaying two criteria of clinical response (% PD-L1 on tumor cells and infiltration by intraT PD-1+CD8+ or CD8+T cells) was higher in the ALK positive ADC. According to our results, a subgroup of ALK rearranged lung ADC patients may represent good candidates to be treated by anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. The alveolar wall is a mucosal site in contact with the environment. Resident memory T cells (Trm) found most prominently at mucosal sites represent a new subset of long lived memory T cells that remain in tissue and do not recirculate. Due to their role in local immunity, strategies to elicit Trm after vaccination have been developed. We and others clearly showed that mucosal immunization were more efficient than the conventional systemic route (intramuscular, subcutaneous) to elicit Trm at the mucosal tumor site. Indeed, the mucosal route of immunization imprints T cells with a mucosal homing program defined by a profile of integrin and chemokine receptors promoting their homing to the site of initial activation. A correlation was observed between the ability to elicit these cells at the tumor site and the control of tumor growth. The second issue of this work was to characterize in a mouse model Trm after mucosal cancer vaccine administration and in human lung cancer. We first developed various original strategies (mucosal immunization, use of mucosal vector, modulation of TGF, parabiosis experiments) to elicit or inhibit Trm in a preclinical model of head and neck cancer. All these experiments converged to demonstrate that the induction of Trm are required for the control of tumor growth. In order to extrapolate this role of Trm in humans, we found that the number of Trm correlated with a better overall survival in lung cancer in multivariate analysis. The induction of Trm may represent a new surrogate biomarker for the efficacy of cancer vaccine
Jary, Marine. "Analyse du microenvironnement et de l'oncogenèse des cancers colorectaux surexprimant l’Angiopoiétine 2". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCE016.
Texto completoColorectal cancer (CRC) is a severe and frequent disease, with important survival improvement due to therapeutic new approaches and surgical methods, even in metastatic setting. It is an heterogeneous entity, and personalized strategies are mandated, whereas few predictive and prognostic biomarkers are available in practical care. Molecular classifications are useful to better understand CRC biological characteristics, but they do not have predictive values, and seem to be inadequate for metastatic setting. Seric biomarkers are attractive since they could recapitulate tumor features, while being simpler and less expansive. There is a need to investigate surrogacy biomarkers illustrating intra tumoral microenvironment, in order to adapt treatment strategies.This thesis is about the clinical and molecular characterization of Angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) associated colorectal cancer. Assessment of microenvironment and peripheral immune Th1 response are performed and correlated with this entity.Prognostic value of ANGPT2 in metastatic colorectal cancer was studied in the first part of the manuscript. We described that ANGPT2 plasmatic levels were associated with a worst overall survival in metastatic setting. In the second part, using the open source transcriptomic tools, we decided to define the specific molecular signaling pathways correlated to ANGPT2 expression in CRC and its prognostic value in localized CRC. A specific signature was drawn, combining genes associated with stroma, invasion, angiogenesis, and chemo-resistance. Looking for associated secreted proteins, we could identify a seric signature (combining STC1, CD138 and ANGPT2), predictive for chemo-resistance. An negative correlation was observed between ANGPT2 signature and immune response. The last part of the thesis then explored the prognostic value of anti TERT peripheral immune Th1 response in metastatic colorectal cancer (Epitopes-CRC02 study), and validated its beneficial role for predicting OS. A negative correlation was confirmed, in seric measurement between CD4 immune response and ANGPT2.This work paves the way for individualized treatments in tumors harboring ANGPT2 associated characteristics', targeting the stromal and immune microenvironment. This immune and stromal biomonitoring is feasible and have to be associated to futures clinical studies. Future prognostic scores should probably assess the place of these biomarkers in order to improve their discriminant values
Anna, François. "Développement d'une immunothérapie anti-tumorale basée sur un récepteur antigénique chimérique (CAR) ciblant le point de contrôle immunitaire HLA-G : implications pour les tumeurs et leur microenvironnement". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4021&f=26655.
Texto completoOver the last decade, anti-tumor immunotherapies have been a breakthrough in the oncology field following the clinical successes obtained with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPs) or chimeric antigenic receptors (CAR) based therapies. However, they are less effective against solid tumors, especially because of the lack of tumor specific antigen and of a tumor microenvironment capable of inhibiting the immune response favoring the tumor expansion. The HLA-G molecule is an immunosuppressive protein originally exclusively demonstrated to be involved in maternal-fetal tolerance but whose function has been hijacked by tumors to inhibit and escape from immune responses. HLA-G is now identified as an exquisite tumor associated antigen and its inhibition is crucial to restore the anti-tumor immune responses. Yet, no immunotherapy directed against HLA-G has been developed to date.The lack of effective treatment against or targeting HLA-G is related to the inefficiency to induce antibodies against this complex protein since HLA-G could be expressed through several isoforms that are immunosuppressives. In the first part of this study, thanks to an original immunization method based on the use of lentiviral vectors, we demonstrate the possibility to generate antibodies which are capable to recognize the HLA-G interaction domain with its receptors and are expected to inhibit the ICP function of HLA-G. The second part describes a CAR-T cell immunotherapy targeting HLA-G for its TAA properties. We first focused on the regulation and on the expression of the CAR chain at the transcriptional level. This approach was meant to limit the side effects caused by CAR therapies such as continuous activation of the CAR-T cells or elimination of healthy cells expressing the targeted antigen. We then generated two new 3rd generation CARs demonstrated to specifically recognize major HLA-G isoforms expressed by tumor cells and to eradicate HLA-G expressing tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Several optimizations were carried out on the CAR chain structure to increase CAR-T cells cytotoxic function and to control their persistence through the insertion of the iC9 suicide gene. Given the results presented here, we provide the first vitro and vivo proofs of concept that a CAR therapy directly targeting HLA-G, and more generally an ICP is strikingly efficient.Finally, we discussed the potential for both anti-HLA-G blocking monoclonal antibodies and CAR-T cells immunotherapies against solid tumors and its implication against the tumor microenvironment and possible combinations with other immunotherapies
Sidot, Emmanuelle. "Rôle des cellules tuft dans l'homéostasie et les cancers intestinaux". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT057.
Texto completoI focused my PhD project on a scare epithelial cell population referred as tuft cells. Their function has been debated for decades in the literature, until we discovered their crucial role in the initiation of the so-called type-2 immune response following parasitic infection. Interestingly, tuft cells are present in early adenomatous intestinal lesions and literature suggested that these cells could act as cancer stem cells. The main objective of my PhD was to determine the tuft cell function during intestinal and colorectal cancer.We showed that tuft cells deficiency impacts both intestinal and colorectal tumorigenesis process, using Apc14/+ mouse strain and chemically induced carcinogenesis model, respectively. Our data indicate that tuft cells are not cancer stem cells, but that these cells are able to regulate immune cell populations. To get more insights into mechanisms allowing tuft cells to modulate the immune microenvironment, we identified, by transcriptomic analysis of FACS-isolated tuft cells, specific genes encoding mediators involved in the crosstalk with the immune system. Functional in-vivo validation of the most relevant candidates will identify tuft cells derived factors crucial for the immune-regulatory tuft cell function and for tumor development.This work allowed to highlight the immune-regulatory function of tuft cells during parasitic infection and likely during tumor development. A better knowledge of the mechanisms allowing tuft cells to shape either a pro- or an anti-tumoral microenvironment, will potentially paves the way for new therapeutic strategies regarding intestinal and colorectal tumorigenesis
Arakelian, Tsolère. "Impact of Targeting the Autophagy Related Gene Beclin 1 on the Immune Landscape of Melanoma". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS193.
Texto completoImmune Checkpoint Blockades (ICBs)-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for melanoma patients; however only a small subset of patients reaps a long term benefit. One of the major challenges to enhance the efficacy and extend the benefit of ICBs to non-responder patients is to design innovative approaches allowing the switch of “immune desert cold tumors” to “immune infiltrated hot tumors" which are eligible for ICB-based therapies. Here, we investigated the impact of targeting the early autophagy gene Beclin1 on the immune landscape of B16-F10 melanoma tumors. We found that targeting Beclin1 (Becn1-) significantly inhibited B16-F10 tumor growth and increased the infiltration of CD45+ leukocytes into the tumor bed. Immune phenotyping revealed an increased infiltration of active Natural Killer (NK) cells, inflammatory and resident type 1 macrophages, dendritic cells, and active CD8+ T lymphocytes. The inhibition of Becn1- tumor growth was no longer observed by depleting host CD8+ T cells, thus highlighting their major role in the control of Becn1- B16-F10 tumor development. We showed that Beclin1-dependent regulation of the immune landscape was associated with profound modulation of the cytokine/chemokine network in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Importantly, we revealed that Becn1- tumors displayed an inflammatory cytokine signature (comprised, but not restricted to, CCL5, CXCL10 and IFNg) that could be responsible for the switch from cold non T-inflamed to hot T-inflamed tumors. Mechanistically, we reported that the overexpression of IFNg in Becn1- TME was responsible for the induction of Programed Death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells through the activation of JAK/STATs pathway. Overall, this study highlights Beclin1 as a valuable target, able to drive immune effectors cells into the melanoma tumors by inducing an inflammatory signature. This study provides the proof of concept for combining drugs inhibiting early autophagy process along with ICBs as a cutting-edge approach to improve their efficacy
Trimaglio, Giulia. "An orthotopic syngeneic mouse model to study the role of DCIR in colorectal cancer". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30053.
Texto completoColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second deadliest cancer worldwide accounting for 900.000 deaths in 2018. Consequently, there is a strong need for new biomarkers as well as an improvement of the current treatments. Tumors develop in complex microenvironments where cancer cells constantly crosstalk with, and modulate, the local immune response to persist and replicate. C-type lectins receptors, expressed in particular by immune cells, actively regulate the immune response to cancer cells and, therefore, tumor development. Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR), a C-type lectin expressed by myeloid cells, has been shown to play a major role in immunity to infectious and autoimmune diseases. Yet, the role played by DCIR in tumor immunity remains unknown. Analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data from two cohorts of CRC patients revealed an association between high DCIR gene expression and improved survival of patients. In this context, the principal objective of my PhD thesis was to determine the role played by DCIR in the immune response during CRC development. First, I developed an orthotopic syngeneic pre-clinical CRC mouse model consisting in the intra-caecal injection of engineered MC38 tumor cells expressing firefly luciferase (MC38-fLuc+) in C57BL/6 mice. Monitoring of the tumor growth by bioluminescence revealed that, despite an initial growth of solid tumors in all the mice, only 30% of mice developed a progressive lethal CRC, while the remaining animals spontaneously rejected their solid tumor and survived more than 100 days. No rejection of tumors was observed in the absence of adaptive immunity, nor when MC38-fLuc+ cells were injected in other anatomical locations (i.e., liver and skin). Immunophenotyping by transcriptomic and flow cytometry showed that mice with progressive CRC tumors exhibited a pro-tumor immune response, characterized by a regulatory T cell pattern, discernible shortly post-tumor implantation, as well as myeloid suppressor cells that are well-known to favor tumor growth. By contrast, tumor-rejecting mice presented an early pro-inflammatory response and an anti-tumor microenvironment enriched with CD8+ T cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate a preponderant role of the colon-specific microenvironment in regulating the balance between anti- or pro-tumor immune responses and underline the importance of using orthotopic mouse models for in vivo studies. In a second part of my thesis, we used this CRC mouse model to compare the tumor development in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice or mice deficient for mDcir1 (mDcir1-KO), a murine homologue of human DCIR. While the lack of mDCIR1 has no impact on the percentage of mice developing or rejecting CRC tumors, we observed that mDcir1-KO animals developed bigger tumors than their WT counterparts. In line with this result, we found a lower infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ and decreased activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (i.e., T-BET+, CD44high, CTLA-4+) in CRC tumors from mDcir1-KO mice compared to WT mice. Altogether, our data point to a protective and anti-tumor role of DCIR during CRC development, probably due to a dysregulation of the balance existing between the tumor and the immune response. Overall, this study paves the way for the potential future development of pharmacological biomolecules targeting DCIR to trigger an efficient anti-tumor immune response in the context of CRC and beyond
Augustin, Jérémy. "Caractérisation du microenvironnement tumoral immunitaire des carcinomes hépatocellulaires réséqués". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS409.pdf.
Texto completoHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows globally low response to immunotherapy and HCC immune microenvironment is not well characterized. Our objective was to connect immune, viral and morphologic aspects of HCC and understand how they intervene in sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade. In this study, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of onco-immune genes to characterize the tumor microenvironment of 170 HCC: 23% hepatitis B (HBV), 29% hepatitis C (HCV), 16% metabolic syndrome, 17% alcohol consumption related, and 14% of undetermined etiology. We correlated gene expression profiles with clinical, morphological and viral features. We did not observe difference of immune microenvironment at a global scale, between etiologies. But within HBV group, we identified 3 Clusters. None of of these clusters expressed ϒ-interferon (compared to 25% of HCC of all etiologies combined). Cluster 1 showed an ambivalent « hot » and exhausted profile with higher expression of exhaustion markers but lower densities of T lymphocytes by immunostaining. This Cluster was associated with HBV transcription and patients from this Cluster showed higher recurrence. Cluster 2 was enriched with macrotrabecular massive subtype and was immunologically “cold” and was also associated with higher recurrence. At last, Cluster 3 was developed much more on cirrhotic liver and showed an intermediate level of immune cells infiltration, with no marker of exhaustion. It was associated with lower recurrence. In conclusion we highlight viral related specificities within HBV HCC, associated with prognostic significance
Rochefort, Juliette. "Le microenvironnement immunitaire des Carcinomes épidermoides de la cavité orale". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066351/document.
Texto completoOral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) represent about 25% of Head and Neck Cancer (HNSCC). They are associated with a very poor prognosis with a 10-year survival which not exceeds ~30%. While the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a more recognized risk factor for oropharyngeal HNSCC, HPV is not involved in OSCC whose the main risk factors are related to the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. However, an increase of OSCC in patients who are not exposed to alcohol and tobacco (non-smoker-non-drinker: NSND) and whose the HPV status is negative is now reported. It is well known that immune tumor microenvironment (TME) may play a major role in tumor progression and tumor escape. Whether OSCC in NSND patients are epidemiologically different from OSCC occurring in smoker/drinker (smoker-drinker: SD) patients, and may have different immune composition of their TME and of circulating immune cells as well is addressed in this thesis. Thus in a first part, we studied a retrospective cohort of 553 OSCC patients and compared clinical and epidemiological parameters between NSND and SD patients. Then, we have prospectively studied in relation to risk factors these two entities from an immune point of view by analyzing blood and tissue samples from 87 patients and comparing them to tissue and blood samples from healthy controls (HD). Our work has allowed to associate this clinical heterogeneity with distinct immunological profiles that may predict different prognosis for NDNS or SD patients: since OSCC are inflammatory cancers presenting an important infiltrate of various innate immune components, it turned out that blood count of CD8+ T cells >306/µL in NSND and blood count of regulator T cells (Treg) >47/µL in SD patients were associated with a better disease free survival (DFS), respectively. By contrast, higher percentage of Th17 cells in the blood or TME from SD patients were associated with a bad DFS. In a third part of this thesis, we studied the migration of a Treg subset that expressed CCR2, a chemokine receptor for CCL2, and showed that a decrease of circulating CCR2+ Treg in OSCC patients was associated with an increase of CCR2+ Treg in the TME. Finally, by studying tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) that have been described in the TME of various solid cancers but very few in OSCC, we confirmed that TLS are present in OSCC cancers and that high densities of TLS are mainly associated with early stages of cancer and are factors of good prognosis
Kirilovsky, Amos. "Etude du microenvironnement des cancers colorectaux et implications pronostiques". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066460.
Texto completoAlamé, Melissa. "Intégration de données et caractérisation du microenvironnement tumoral de tumeurs rares". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT046.
Texto completoThe development of high-throughput technologies, especially Next Generation Sequencing, has triggered considerable advances in tumor understanding and molecular classification. Patient subgroups for a same tumor have been defined and characterized. Those subgroups are typically associated with a particular prognosis or eligible to a specific targeted therapy. These progresses paved the way towards personalized medicine.The understanding of the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to disease aggressiveness, progression, and therapy resistance is another revolution in cancer biology and patient care. The contribution of the aforementioned high-throughput technologies was essential. At the era of immunotherapy, the sub-classification of tumors based on their TME composition identified patient subgroups correlated to survival and to their response to this particular class of drugs. Despite a formidable community effort, the molecular and immunological classification of tumors has not been completed for every cancer, some rare and aggressive entities still require thorough characterization. Moreover, most TME studies have focused on the cellular composition and they neglected the mapping of the intercellular communications networks occurring in neoplasms. The advent of single-cell technologies is filling this gap, but with a strong focus on the most frequent cancers.In my thesis, I have both deployed advanced data integration methods and a novel approach to infer ligand-receptor networks relied on a database (LRdb), which is developed by the Colinge Lab, to characterize the TME of two rare tumors, Salivary Duct Carcinoma (SDC) and Primary Central Nervous System Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (PCNSL). I have combined classical – yet advanced – bioinformatic and multivariate statistics methods integrating bulk transcriptomics and proteomics data, including fresh and TCGA data. Those computational techniques were supplemented with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry coupled with digital imaging to obtain experimental validations. To accommodate limited patient cohorts, I have searched for highly coherent messages at all the levels of my analyses. I also devoted important efforts relating our findings with the literature to put them in a clinical perspective. In particular, our approach revealed TME groups of tumors with particular prognosis, immune evasion and therapy resistance mechanisms, several clinical biomarkers, and new therapeutic perspectives
L'Hermitte, Antoine. "Rôle de LECT2 dans le microenvironnement immunitaire au cours de la cancérogènese hépatique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS360/document.
Texto completoHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second cause of cancer-rel ated death worldwide. Several studies highlighted the tumor microenvironment (TEM) as a key player in cancer from initiation to progression steps of tumorigenesis. Using relevant HCC mouse models, our team identified the chemokine-like LECT2 as a critical actor of liver TEM in the control of tumor aggressiveness.The aim of my thesis was to address functionally the role of LECT2 in the immune microenvironment during HCC.Using mouse models, we observed that the absence of LECT2 induces a significant accumulation of myeloid cells in the TEM. We showed that these myeloid cells were immature, harbored strong immunosuppressive capabilities on T cells and expressed a transcriptional program sustaining tumor progression. Interestingly, the accumulation of these actors in the microenvironment is associated with the emergence of poorly differentiated tumor nodules expressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition / progenitor / metastasis markers.Mechanistically, we demonstrated that LECT2-deficient hepatocytes in the context of β-catenin activation were able to perform EMT like WT hepatocytes do after TGF-β1 challenge. In co-culture experiments, we demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in the absence of LECT2 have a strong ability to induce hepatocyte EMT.Finally, we analyzed the expression of LECT2 in a vast cohort of HCC liver samples and found that downregulation of LECT2 expression strongly correlates with 1) - the presence of vascular invasion, 2) – histological grade and 3) - the presence of inflammatory infiltrates.Altogether, our data demonstrate that LECT2 acts as a strong regulator of liver tumor aggressiveness through its dual action on hepatocytes and impact on the function of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells. This work identifies LECT2 as a new biomarker for HCC and pave the way to new therapeutic strategies
Canonici, Alexandra. "Effet du microenvironnement sur les molécules d'adhérenceRôle dans la migration cellulaire". Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11032.
Texto completoCastells, Magali. "Implication du microenvironnement dans la progression tumorale ovarienne". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU30099.
Texto completoOvarian cancer is rare but has a bad prognosis due to a high level of chemoresistance to the reference treatment, carboplatin. We focused on the role of the microenvironment in ovarian cancer progression. The team previously demonstrated that Hospicells are able to potentialize tumour growth and angiogenesis in vivo. My aim was to determine how Hospicells interact with tumoral cells and other microenvironment partners to promote cancer proliferation. I showed that Hospicells alone cannot induce tumoral neoangiogenesis in vitro and they promote macrophage recruitment in tumours and enhance the synthesis of several cytokines involved in angiogenesis (IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF) through macrophages. Hospicells are also involved in chemoresistance acquisition via membrane exchange and efflux pumps transfer. This original mechanism working through direct contact between cells is probably not the only one responsible for this chemoresistance. Indeed, I showed that molecules secreted by Hospicells can also induce ovarian cancer cells chemoresistance. In order to identify the mechanism through which ovarian cancer cells can become chemoresistant under microenvironment stimulation, I studied the role of Hospicells in apoptosis protection after carboplatin treatment. Hospicells conditioned medium can partially inhibit apoptosis by apoptotic signalling pathway modifications and notably a decreased activation of effector caspases (caspases 3 and 7)
Foy, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Conséquences des infections virales respiratoires sur le microenvironnement tumoral pulmonaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS044.pdf.
Texto completoLung cancer is the world's leading cause of cancer-related death. Treatment is based on surgery, when the tumor is resectable, and adjuvant therapy, generally combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapies.Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are frequently exposed to viral infections such as Influenza A (IAV) or SARS-CoV-2. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, heterogeneous ecosystem that conditions tumor cell growth, treatment response and patient survival. Infection of the TME by a virus represents a disruption that can impact tumor progression. In the infected cell, viral RNA is recognized by viral sensors, including TLR7, leading to the production of type I interferon (IFN-I) and the expression of ISG (Interferon-Stimulated-Genes).Recently, our team demonstrated that IAV infection of lung tumor-bearing mice results in viral sensor-dependent acceleration of tumor growth. Furthermore, IAV induces the expression of a transcriptomic signature composed of genes involved in drug detoxification metabolism and associated with chemoresistance, which we have termed the "REVIS-DM signature".This finding suggests that IAV induces chemoresistance involving xenobiotic detoxification.In NSCLC patients, co-expression of the REVIS-DM signature and an ISG signature confers a poor prognosis. In-vitro, we confirmed that infection of NSCLC tumor lines induces specific resistance to platinum salts and expression of genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes. In-vivo, we confirmed that IAV infection induces chemoresistance to Cisplatin. Furthermore, we found that IAV infection leads to increased invasion from a 3D culture model, in connection with EMT initiation. Our future work will focus on the mechanisms leading to chemoresistance and invasion by infected cells. A number of hypotheses have been put forward in the literature, including the involvement of oxidative stress, viral sensors and ISGs.In parallel, we investigated the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 on MET and whether infection with the virus induces changes in anti-tumor immunity. Indeed, COVID-19 has been associated with strong immune disturbances such as inflammation and lymphopenia. In the context of cancer, these phenomena could lead to altered anti-tumor immunity and hence tumor progression. To answer these questions, we conducted a MET study of NSCLC patients infected with COVID-19 using two technologies: RNAseq and multiplex immunohistochemistry. Finally, we performed ex-vivo infection of tumor fragments in culture to study the direct impact of the virus on the MET.The impact of respiratory viruses on pulmonary MET is poorly documented. Our study sheds new light on the links between tumor cells and environmental viruses
Atsou, Kokou Kevin. "Modélisation mathématique des interactions tumeurs-système immunitaire : phase d'équilibre et d'échappement". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4101.
Texto completoThe recent successes of immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer has highlighted the importance of the interactions between tumor cells and immune cells. However, these interactions are based on extremely complex mechanisms, making it difficult to design an effective treatment aimed at strengthening the immune response. Therefore, the mathematical models of tumor growth are needed to faithfully reproduce and predict the spatio-temporal dynamics of tumor growth. The aim of this thesis is to propose a mathematical model for tumor growth, describing the interaction of the tumor with the immune cells. We started by introducing a mathematical model intended to describe by means of a system of partial differential equations the earliest stages of the interactions between effector immune cells and tumor cells. The model is structured in size and space, and it takes into account the migration of the tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic effector cells towards the tumor micro-environment by a chemotactic mechanism. We investigated on numerical grounds the role of the key parameters of the model such as the division and growth rates of the tumor cells, and the conversion and death rates of the immune cells. Our main findings were two-fold. Firstly, the model exhibits a possible control of the tumor growth by the immune response; nevertheless, the control is not complete in the sense that the asymptotic equilibrium states keep residual tumors and activated immune cells. Secondly, space heterogeneities of the source of immune cells can significantly reduce the efficiency of the control dynamics, making patterns of remission-recurrence appear. Next, we developed numerical methods to predict the parameters of the equilibrium states without running simulations of the evolution problem. By using global sensitivity analysis methods, we investigated the role of the parameters of the model and identified a predominant impact of the immune system over division rate of tumor cells. We showed that the best therapeutic strategies were to increase the strength of the lethal action of immune cells on tumor cells and the conversion rate of naive immune cells into effector cells. We then validated this method using retrospective experimental and clinical analyses. These findings can be used in cancer treatments to design optimized therapy combinations. Finally, we introduced a mathematical model intended to describe the dual nature of the immune response, with the activation of both anti-tumor and pro-tumor mechanisms. The competition between these antagonistic effects leads to either equilibrium or escape phases. This model is used to investigate the efficacy of immotherapy strategies comparing the effect of monotherapies to the effect of combination of therapies. The findings indicated that combination of immunotherapy strategies are more efficient in controling tumor growth but the success of the treatment is strongly conditionned by the administrated dose and the time of the treatment administration
Camus, Matthieu. "Etude des paramètres immunologiques du microenvironnement tumoral associés au pronostic des patients atteints de cancers colorectaux". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066020.
Texto completoRaynaud, Adeline. "Développement d'anticorps basés sur des anticorps à domaine unique à des fins d'immunomodulation du microenvironnement". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0175.
Texto completoInvasiveness of a cancer is determined not only by the genotype of the tumor cells, but also by the tumor cell/extracellular environment dialogue that contributes to the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment and tumor escape. New immunotherapy strategies targeting checkpoints of lymphocyte activation using immunomodulatory antibodies have recently revolutionized therapeutic approaches for some cancers. These antibodies aim to block inhibitory checkpoints (PD-1 / PD-L1, CTLA-4) or, on the contrary, to stimulate activating checkpoints (4-1BB, OX40) in order to reinstate an effective anti-tumor response. These immunomodulation strategies that primarily target effector T cells have achieved remarkable results in the treatment of different types of cancer but have certain limitations. Modulating the activity of innate immune cells, especially NK cells, is a particularly promising approach. In this context, the goal of this thesis project in collaboration with the pharmaceutical company Sanofi was to develop new formats of immunomodulatory antibodies targeting the NKG2D activating receptor expressed by different cell populations (NK, TCD8+, NKT, and Tγδ) with a major role in the immunosurveillance of cancers. Our antibodies (Fab-Like) consist of the human CH1 and CL domains as a natural motif of heterodimerization and single-domain antibody fragments derived from camelids selected using phage display. Bivalent (NKG2DxNKG2D) and bispecific (NKG2DxHER2) molecules generated were characterized for their NKG2D binding properties and their ability to activate and recruit NK cells through various in vitro functional assays
Fernandes, Julien. "Etude de la formation d'agrégats multicellulaires de carcinomes ovariens et du remodelage du microenvironnement tumoral". Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/2010CERG0457_diff.pdf.
Texto completoThe ovarian adenocarcinomas derive from the malignant process of the epithelium ovarian surface, and develop and propagate within various microenvironments. The transformed cells can exfoliate from the ovarian surface form multicellular aggregates called “spheroids”. Their dissemination involves the “physical” interaction of the ovarian cancer cells between them, allowing them to survive “in suspension” within the ascite, but also, the interaction of cells with a matrix microenvironment during their reimplantation on healthy tissue. The work of this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved during the interactions within tumoral multicellular aggregates as well as during their dissemination. The role of the adhesive system consisted of the vitronectine and his receptor, integrin αv, as well as that of the fibronectine were more particularly studied
Sulpice, Laurent. "Rôle du microenvironnement dans la progression du cholangiocarcinome intrahépatique : mécanismes moléculaires impliqués et recherche de biomarqueurs pronostiques". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1B001/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this study was to specifically determine through a translational approach combining basic and clinical research, the role of the microenvironment in the tumor progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). By gene expression profiling, we identified a signature that significantly discriminate the tumor stroma from non-tumor fibrous tissue, and the functional analysis of differentially expressed genes showed an enrichment in genes of the extracellular matrix , the cell cycle, the TGFb pathway and stem cell markers. Tissue microarray analysis using an independent cohort of ICC patients validated at a protein level the increased expression of selected candidate genes. Statistical analysis between basic and clinical data demonstrated that the stromal expression of Osteopontin was an independent prognostic marker for overall and disease-free survival. We also demonstrated that the preoperative serum level of Osteopontin was significantly higher in ICC patients than in healthy subjects. Our results identified the best diagnostic threshold to 57,8 ng/ml, associated with a sensitivity and specificity reaching to 80 and 100%, respectively. Moreover, we showed that level expression of stem cell markers such as EpCAM and CD44 in tumor stroma as well as in the fibrous non tumor liver tissue was correlated with recurrence, suggesting the pivotal role of cancer stem cells in ICC prognosis. In conclusion, our study confirmed the major involvement of the microenvironment in the progression of CCIH, allowed to identify two new prognostic tumor biomarkers, and highlighted new pathways for targeted therapeutics
Lopès, Amélie. "Infection chronique par les souches Escherichia coli colibactine-positives : impacts sur le micro-environnement immunitaire colique dans le contexte du cancer colorectal". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS006/document.
Texto completoMultiple evidences show the role of microbiota in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and anti-tumor drug responses. Various independent studies demonstrated that Escherichia coli strains with specific invasive properties and virulence factors abnormally colonize CRC patient mucosa. More than half of these strains harboring the pks pathogenic island coding for the synthesis of a genotoxin named colibactin. This genotoxin can impair directly DNA synthesis or cellular cycle and provokes genomic instability. Many different studies highlighted others bacteria-associated mechanisms leading to colorectal carcinogenesis as crosstalk between immune responses, inflammatory events, and/or cell senescence induction. However, the mechanisms by which CRC-associated E. coli promote colorectal carcinogenesis are diverse and some-what specific to the animal models and the microbial status of the animals (germ-free or Specific Pathogen Free). However, modulation of immune response and inflammation seems to play a central role in these mechanisms.The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of chronic infection by colibactin-positive E. coli in a CRC reference model, the APCMin/+ mice colon focusing on inflammation and immune cells. First, we developed and validated an innovative method to quantify immune cells in APCMin/+ mice, based on immunostainings and digital image analysis. Thanks to the machine learning approach, we succeeded to precisely discriminate, quantify and localize these cells in three regions of interest: mucosa, lymphoid follicle and tumor. After the complete validation of this new method, we accurately examined the impact of a chronic infection with a colibactin-positive E. coli strain isolated from a CRC patient, on the APCMin/+ colon immune microenvironment. Particularly, we demonstrated the induction of a pro-carcinogenic environment by these bacteria in vivo, in a colibactin dependent manner, with both an increase of the pro-inflammatory neutrophil enzyme (myeloperoxydase) and cells, and a decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokines. This carcinogenesis-associated context is emphasized by the decrease of anti-tumor T cells in colon mucosa and tumor. This phenomenon is equally observed in CRC patients, with a decrease of T cells in patient tumors, which are harboring the colibactin-positive E. coli. Finally, we demonstrated for the first time that colibactin-positive E. coli infection induce resistance to an anti-tumor immunotherapy treatment based on PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade. Our results suggest that the decrease of T cells induce by colibactin-positive E. coli chronic infection could lead to the impairment of an immunotherapy response. To conclude, this thesis work confirms the crosstalk between some specific bacteria from intestine microbiota and the immune system in carcinogenesis and anti-tumor drug efficacy. In longer term, these results suggest that the colibactin-positive E. coli presence could be used as a poor prognosis biomarker in CRC and particularly to predict response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy
Coito, Sylvie. "Rôle de la molécule CD99 dans la régulation de l'expression des molécules du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité de classe I". Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4002.
Texto completoThe loss or the down regulation of the class I Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC-I) on the cell surface is one of the major mechanisms for tumoral cell to escape from the immune response. It have been previously described that the glycoprotein CD99, a 32kd transmembrane molecule that belongs to a new family of proteins, composed by a long isoform (type I) and by a spliced isoform (type II) can influence the MCH-I expression level in a B cell line. We describe here that CD99 powerfully regulates the level of MHC-I. The expression of MHC-I is tightly linked to the cell surface of variants from the same cell line: CD99 negative cells (CD99-/-) display a level of MHC-I reduced by half as compared to wild type (WT JE) cells. After CD99 cDNA transfection (CD99+/+) MHC-I expression was fully recovered. Strikingly, gamma-IFN (IFN-g) does not lead to an up-regulation of MHC-I expression on CD99-/- cells compared to the four-fold increase of MHC-I expression on WT JE and on CD99 retransfected cells. Of note, IFN-g did not affect CD99 expression. We have observed, using confocal microscopy that, contrary to CD99 positive cells, MHC-I molecules were stored in the cytoplasmic vesicles and less exported to the cell surface in CD99-/- cells. Yet, we observed no modification of the transcription levels of the antigen processing machinery (APM) genes. The second part of the work was a study of a tumoral model, with a cancer lung, using a cell line, and eighteen tissues samples from patients with histological confirmed tumor of lung provided by the Biobank Tissue Unit Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur's hospital, (Nice). In vitro, the expression level is dependent from CD99 isoforms. The sur-expression of the type I isoforms induce an up-regulation of MHC-I molecules and of the APM genes whereas, the CD99 type II isoforms decrease the MHC-I expression level. On healthy lung tissues and on tumoral tissues obtained from surgery samples, the transcription of MHC-I genes are down regulated on tumoral tissues as the literature, as well as most APM genes. What is more, we described the loss of the transcription of a new molecule, CD99, which were predominant on the CD99 type I isoform. Our observations might be relevant to tumors and virus escape since loss or down regulation of MHC I molecules is an important feature which keep tumors and virus infected cells below the cytotoxic T-cell detection levels
Chen, Ting. "Similarities and differences of the early immune responses to tumor or embryo implantation". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066127.
Texto completoKadlub, Natacha. "Tumeurs des maxillaires avec anomalies du développement : à partir des modèles de tumeurs kératokystiques odontogènes et du chérubinisme". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T045/document.
Texto completoTo determine pathophysiological bases of jawbone tumors, we studied two genetic models of jawbone tumors: keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KOT) associated to PTCH1 mutation and cherubism associated to SH3BP2 mutation. From oncogenetic theory, we postulate that genetic background controls the development of benign children jawbone tumors. From our work, we demonstrated that PTCH1 mutation (germline mutation in Gorlin syndrome) was an unfavorable prognosis factor for KOT, leading to distant and independent daughter tumors. Moreover, we showed, that chorionic inflammation was associated with a high recurrence rate. In cherubism, SH3BP2 mutation produced cherubism phenotype, but the type of mutation did not affect the aggressiveness of the disease. Cherubism aggressiveness was determined by the phenotype of giant multinucleated cells (whether osteoclasts or macrophages). Furthermore, we showed that murine model could not be transposed to human pathology; indeed it appeared that TNF- α did not play a critical role in human cherubism. On the other side, we showed that NFATc1 played a crucial role in cherubism pathophysiology; this observation allowed us to propose, the tacrolimus, as an effective treatment for this disease. Our results suggest that genetic background induced tumor development, and that microenvironment changes (due to flora of the oral cavity and to teeth eruptions) are responsible to the maintenance and the progression of the disease
Juzan, Rathier Monique. "Propriétés immunomodulatrices des métabolites de l'acide arachidonique produits par les tumeurs neuro-endocrines bronchiques humaines". Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28171.
Texto completoMessai, Yosra. "Etude de la réponse cytotoxique lors de la progression tumorale : rôle de la cytokeratine 18". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066214.
Texto completoVey, Nelly. "Cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et immunosurveillance ou échappement immunitaire dans le cancer du sein : impact des signaux activateurs versus inhibiteurs du microenvironnement tumoral". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10255.
Texto completoBreast cancer are disease impacting immune system whose play role during tumorigenesis, to detect and eliminate malign cells (immunosurveillance) or promote tumoral development (immunosubversion). Efforts to define new therapeutic strategies revealed that restoring anti-tumor immunity in patients would improve their prognosis. During my thesis, first, we demonstrated the existence of stimulatory and inhibitory signals of pDCs in the breast, which give the pDCs a role in immunosurveillance and immune escape of breast cancer, respectively. We showed that TGF-beta and TNF-alpha are involved in the functional inhibition of TApDC repressing IRF-7 expression and activation. Secondly, we showed i) the presence of [DNA LL37] complex produced by neutrophils in tumors that can induce the production of IFN-alpha by pDCs, ii) the expression of type I IFN associated genes in breast tumors and iii) a major role of IFN-I pathway in immunosurveillance of mammary tumors in mice. In addition, in mice, preliminary data suggest that pDC could play a role in anti-tumor immunosurveillance in vivo. The work presented in this thesis provide new data on the role of pDCs in immunosurveillance of breast cancers, and open new anti-tumor immunotherapy strategies targeting pDCs
Loumagne, Laure. "Démonstration in vivo du rôle de la molécule HLA-G dans l'échappement des tumeurs solides au système immunitaire". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077063.
Texto completoIAmong the immunosuppressive mechanisms developed by tumors, the inducible expression of immuno-tolerogenic HLA-G molecule by tumor cells has been evidenced in more than one thousand malignancies from various origins in association with poor prognosis. Particularly, the soluble form of HLA-G was measured at high concentrations in malignant effusions and plasma from cancer patients and inhibits anti-tumor effectors functions in vitro. Nevertheless, the role of secreted HLA-G in contributing to tumor evasion from immune System in vivo remained to be demonstrated. Despite non-described murine homolog of HLA-G, investigating its role in vivo is relevant based on interaction with murine PIR-B, ortholog of human ILT, which mediates comparable effects than those described in humans. Using a syngeneic tumor model, we demonstrate that HLA-G enables an immunogenic tumor to escape from anti-tumor rejection in immunocompetent hosts and to develop similarly to a poorly immunogenic tumor. Impairment of humoral response, quantitative and functional T cell defect, expansion of MDSC, and decrease of T and B cell tumor infiltrate constitute the main mechanisms by which HLA-G favors tumor escape. These HLA-G-mediated effects validate in vitro studies based on human cell lines involving HLA-G in numerous immune inhibitory mechanisms. In conclusion, our findings reinforce the importance to consider HLA-G as a promising target to optimize immunotherapy by blocking its expression or function
Bergot, Anne-Sophie. "Les lymphocytes T régulateurs spécifiques du soi : clés de l’immunité des tumeurs". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066399.
Texto completoAnson, Marie. "Rôle de la voie Wnt/beta-caténine dans l'homéostasie immunitaire hépatique". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077103.
Texto completoWnt/ß-catenin signaling is one of the major carcinogenic pathways of the liver. Chronic inflammation was reported to be a key déterminant stimulating the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Until now, no one has addressed a link between the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling triggered in hepatocytes with inflammation. During this study, we decided to investigate this relationship within the liver microenvironment and to explore the involvement of the immune System in ß-catenin-dependent liver tumorigenesis. We showed for the first time that inflammation was a new participant in ß-catenin-induced tumorigenesis. Indeed, we demonstrated that ß-catenin was able to instruct a complex inflammatory program associated to the synthesis of inflammatory chemokines, the activation of NF-KB signaling pathway in hepatocytes and finally by targeting specifically invariant NKT cells. Interestingly, we found that p-catenin simultaneously controls pro inflammatory mediators and opposite signals, such as LECT2 that chronically lowers inflammatory level. Moreover, we showed that either LECT2 or type I NKT deletion significantly accentuetes initiation and progression stages of ß-catenin-dependent tumorigenesis, evidenced by the occurrence of undifferentiated, proliferative and aggressive tumors associated with pulmonary metastasis. Our results demonstrate the anti-tumoral role played by type I NKT cells during ß-catenin-induced liver tumorigenesis. In conclusion, we identified that by controlling pro and anti-inflammatory signals, Wnt/ß-catenin pathway orchestrates the establishment of an inflammatory milieu that determines the aggressiveness of tumors
Cornet, Sébastien. "Optimisation de la réponse immunitaire dirigée contre les antigènes de tumeurs universels : de la recherche au développement clinique". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066283.
Texto completoCaignard, Anne. "Etude de la réponse immune dans un système de variants tumoraux coliques progressif et régressif chez le rat". Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS001.
Texto completoHeyman, Loraine. "Implantation péritonéale des adénocarcinomes ovariens humains : Implication de la vitronectine et de ses récepteurs". Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CERG0392.
Texto completoOvarian cancer is the most common fatal gynaecological malignancy in western countries. In about 90% of the cases, ovarian cancers arise from the transformation of the ovarian surface epithelium. Cells spread prevalently by a direct extension of the tumour to adjacent tissues and by a shedding of cancer cells from the primary tumour into the peritoneal cavity. Development of ascitic fluids is often observed and allow tumour spheroids transport in the peritoneal cavity. Cell adherence and migration processes during peritoneal dissemination are study. The results provide evidence that vitronectin and its receptors mediate adhesion and migration of ovarian cancer cells to mesothelium. Vitronectin and its receptors could be considered in strategies to prevent peritoneal tumour cell implantation
Achour, Oussama. "Aide au ciblage du microenvironnement tumoral par le développement d’un nano-système de détection et de traitement des tumeurs avec inhibition ciblée de l’héparanase". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS012/document.
Texto completoTumor microenvironment is characterized by several particularities such as hypoxia, extracellular media acidification and the hyper-secretion of hydrolytic enzymes. These hydrolases, such as cathepsin D and heparanase, are involved in many steps of tumor progression like angiogenesis. This thesis is a part of a project that aims to develop a "smart" molecular nano-object that specifically reacts to hyper-secreted enzymes in the tumor microenvironment for the simultaneous detection and targeting of tumor. The first part of our work concerned the design and the validation of a peptide that is sensitive to active forms of cathepsin D which is a protease, unregulated in many tumors microenvironment such as breast cancers. This objective has been achieved following the kinetic study of the hydrolysis of 5 peptides by mature cathepsin D and procathepsin D in the pH conditions of the tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, we studied the effect of hypoxia and the acidification of the extracellular medium on the secretion of active forms of cathepsin D by the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. In a second part, we worked on the development of low molecular weight heparins that may provide therapeutic function of the molecular object through their anti-angiogenic activity. We have developed an innovative method for the depolymerization of heparin that consists on a radical hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis assisted by ultrasound. This technique allows the production of heparins oligosaccharides characterized by controlled molecular weight and degree of sulfatation. Depending on the depolymerization conditions by this technique, the produced low molecular weight heparins can be used as an anticoagulant or anti-angiogenic
Duflo, Suzy. "Mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires de la réparation tissulaire des cordes vocales : rôle de la matrice extracellulaire au niveau du microenvironnement tissulaire". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20668.
Texto completoBennaceur, Karim. "Etude de l'effet des gangliosides extraits à partir de tumeurs de mélanome humain sur les cellules dendritiquese". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077127.
Texto completoTumor escape is linked to multiple mechanisms, notably to the liberation, by tumour cells, of soluble factors that inhibit the function of dendritic cells (DC). Among these factors were incriminated different cytokines of which VEGF, IT-6, M-CSF and recently, the gangliosides. Gangliosides are ubiquitous, membrane-associated, glycosphingolipids, the composition and production of which is altered in many tumour cells. The objective of this work was first, to test the effect of the gangliosides GM3 and GD3 purified from human melanoma tumors, on phonotypical maturation and functional of human epidermal Langerhans cells (CL), first immune barrier against melanoma proliferation. The obtained results show an immunosuppressive effect of melanoma gangliosides on the CL. In fact, GM3 and GD3 gangliosides impair LC phenotype, inhibit their functions as well as their migration capacity. Besides, we showed also that melanoma gangliosides induce LC apoptosis independently of phonotypical alteration. In another approaches, we have completed the results showing an apoptotic effect of melanoma gangliosides GM3 and GD3 on the dendritic cells generated in vitro from monocytes while analyzing the implied mechanisms in this process. To this effect, we used different enzymatic inhibitors. The obtained results show that the apoptose induced by GM3 and GD3 was caspase-dependante and independent to ROS production. The inhibitors of neutral sphingomyelinase did not abrogate the apoptose in contrast to desipramine, which is an inhibitor of the acid sphingomyelinase, that abrogate DC apoptosis only with the ganglioside GM3. Furthermore, DC apoptosis induced by GM3 and no by GD3 is totally prevented by the l-cycloserine, nevertheless the myriocine and the fumonisine FB1 that are implied also in the novo céramides synthesis have no effect. On the other hand the addition of the n-oleoylethanolamine (NOE), sphingosine 1-phosphates to (S1P) and the ceramide 1-phosphates (C1P) that counterbalance the effect of the ceramides, prevent partially or completely DC apoptosis induced by GM3 and GD3 suggesting that the ceramides are implied in the apoptotic process of the PC
Leca, Julie. "Impact du dialogue entre microenvironnement intra-tumoral et cellules tumorales dans l'adénocarcinome pancréatique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4003.
Texto completoPancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) is particularly resistant to current therapies. A concept suggests that its cellular composition participates in this process, limiting drugs access and affecting tumor cells behavior. Indeed, non-tumor cells, mainly mesenchymal (including Cancer Associated Fibroblasts, CAFs) and immune cells display over 70% of the tumor mass and form the intra-tumoral microenvironment or stroma. The impact of stroma in PDA development and progression is at the center of many clinical investigations. Firstly, we studied a neurogenic factor, Slit2, implicated in axon guidance pathway and secreted by CAFs. Slit2 increases Schawnn cells migration and morphologic changes of neural cells. Indeed, nerve size and density are increased in a tumor compared to a healthy pancreas, that is called, neural remodeling. Secondly, we worked on a multi-proteic complex (ANXA6/LRP1/TSP1), associated to vesicular trafficking, only expressed in stromal compartment, and mainly in CAFs. This complex is present in extracellular vesicles and confers proliferative and pro-migratory capacities to tumor cells. Data obtained during my thesis constitute an important rationale to target the crosstalk between tumor and stromal compartment, in order to sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy and improve patient survival
Baracco, Elisa. "Rôle du profile immunogénétique des patients dans la réponse à la chimiothérapie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS153.
Texto completoAntitumor immunity driven by intratumoral dendritic cells contributes to the efficacy of anthracycline-based chemotherapy in cancer. We identified a loss-of-function allele of the gene coding for formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) that was associated with poor metastasis-free and overall survival in breast and colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.The therapeutic effects of anthracyclines were abrogated in tumor-bearing Fpr1(-/-) mice due to impaired antitumor immunity. Fpr1-deficient dendritic cells failed to approach dying cancer cells and, as a result, could not elicit antitumor T cell immunity.Experiments performed in a microfluidic device confirmed that FPR1 and its ligand, annexin-1, promoted stable interactions between dying cancer cells and human or murine leukocytes.We investigated also the possible contribution of FPR1 to the efficacy of a combination of mitoxantrone (MTX) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) for the treatment of hormone-induced breast cancer.Breast cancer induced by a combination of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) could be successfully treated with MTX plus CTX in thus far that tumor growth was retarded and overall survival was extended (as compared to vehicle-only treated controls).However, the therapeutic efficacy of the combination therapy was completely abolished when FPR1 receptors were blocked by means of cyclosporin H (CsH). Future genetic studies on neoadjuvant chemotherapy-treated breast cancers are warranted to validate these findings at the clinical level.Altogether, these results highlight the importance of FPR1 in chemotherapy-induced anticancer immune responses
Lim, Chetana. "Microenvironnement et angiogénèse : implications dans la stratégie onco-chirurgicale des métastases hépatiques synchrones des cancers colorectaux". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC018/document.
Texto completoAt the time of the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, nearly 25% of patients have synchronous liver metastases. When this tumor is asymptomatic, the question of surgical strategy (primary tumor first versus liver-first strategy) remains debated. Current recommendations are based on agreements of experts which are by themselves based on retrospective clinical studies. The study of the tumor microenvironment has taken in recent years a major place in the field of cancer research. It leads to new paradigm with a new conception of the metastatic process. It may be possible that the microenvironment of the metastatic sites can be modulated by the primary tumor to promote the formation of the pre-“metastatic niche”. This leads to promote the growth of cancer cells and increase the metastatic potential of primary tumor. By a multidisciplinary research including fundamental, translational and clinical approaches, we have shown that primary tumor first strategy could modulate tumor angiogenesis and liver metastatic process. It is associated with improved survival of patients and efficacy of the anti-angiogenic therapy
Hoarau, Jessica. "Halfway Between 2D Models and Animal Models : a New Multicellular 3D Spheroid Model Organized to Study Tumor-Endothelium Interactions in Ovarian Cancer". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS111.
Texto completoOvarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in developed countries and the fifth cause of death among women. OC is a heterogeneous disease, which is characterized by its late diagnosis (FIGO III and IV stages) and the importance of abdominal metastases often observed at the time of diagnosis. The mainstay of treatment involves complete cytoreductive surgery associated with platinum and taxane-based chemotherapy. Unfortunately, among patients achieving complete clinical remission after completion of initial treatment, 60% with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) will relapse within five years.The importance of neo-angiogenesis in tumor formation, growth and dissemination has driven researchers to investigate into alternative strategies. Anti-angiogenic therapies targeting tumor vasculature are now used in combination with standard cytotoxic therapy in the treatment of EOC. Unfortunately, the progress achieved by this approach still offers limited success which can partly be explained by the heterotypic interaction between the tumor and endothelial cells. Evidence suggests a complex cross-talk between ovarian cancer cells (OCCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) that can result in the emergence of a heterogeneous tumoral and endothelial population with different sensitivity to chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapies leading to an increase of OCC proliferation and dissemination.The objective of the present study is to investigate the role of ECs and OCCs interactions in the proliferation and chemoresistance of EOC. To model tumor endothelium, we used our model of Akt-activated endothelial cells (E4+ECs). We demonstrated using a 2D co-culture model that activated endothelium induces increased proliferation and chemoresistance in EOC through the activation of Notch signaling. We showed that Notch receptor expression and activation are increased in co-culture and in OCCs resistant to chemotherapy.The accumulation of ascites in the abdomen of an OC patient seems to play a key role in the mechanism of OCC spreading. Detached cancer cells usually float in ascites and form multicellular spheroids. In this context, we developed a new model of organized multicellular 3D spheroid to study tumor-endothelium interactions in a model closer to in vivo conditions. We demonstrated that when cocultured in 3D condition, E4+ECs and OCCs formed organized tumor angiospheres with a core of endothelial cells surrounded by highly proliferating OCCs. We established that AKT activation in ECs was mandatory for the formation of organized angiospheres. Interestingly, in EOC patient ascites, we were able to find structures that were very similar to our angiospheres. In addition, in a retrospective cohort of 59 patients, we showed that ECs were AKT activated in EOC patients which support the importance of AKT activation in EC in EOC. Besides, we demonstrated the importance of FGF2, Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), PD-ECGF and TIMP-1 in angiosphere organization. Finally, we confirmed the role of Notch3/Jagged1 in OCCs-ECs crosstalk for OCC proliferation but also during peritoneum invasion.Altogether, our study illustrates the importance of AKT activated ECs in EOC. In a context of poor results of anti-angiogenic therapies in clinical settings, focusing on vascular normalization in pathological angiogenesis could be more efficient. While AKT is hardly targetable, the genetic characterization of tumors could potentially identify a subset of tumors with aberrant NOTCH signaling that would constitute an ideal target for specific inhibitors. As we move toward personalized and precision medicine, there might be a place for notch inhibition in advanced ovarian cancer in combination with other therapeutic strategies
Le, Buanec Hélène. "Contribution au développement de vaccins visant à corriger l'immunosuppression stromale induite par les tissus infectés par le VIH-1 et par les tumeurs dépendantes de la protéine E7 du papillomavirus de type 16". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066060.
Texto completoCuny, Thomas. "New regulatory mechanisms in the growth of endocrine tumors : digestive neuroendocrine tumors, pitiutary adenomas". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5061.
Texto completoAlthough rare, endocrine tumors developed in Humans remain problematic, such as a better understanding of their regulatory mechanisms of growth represent a step forward to identify new therapeutical targets.In the first part of this thesis, we investigated the impact of the tumor microenvironment (TME), as defined by the factors surrounding the tumor primitive niche, on the growth of human digestive endocrine tumors. We, here, showed the occurrence of a reciprocal proliferation between human fibroblasts, a key cell within the TME, and human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell lines, suggesting that human fibroblasts may constitue a new therapeutical target of interest in the TME of digestive endocrine tumors. In a second part, we showed that pegvisomant (PEG), a growth hormone receptor antagonist currently used in patients with GH-secreting pituitary adenoma, did not impact in vitro the proliferation rate of GH-secreting adenoma cells and therefore is suitable in patients with a persisting GH-secreting pituitary adenoma residue after surgery
El, Sissy Carine. "Analyse de la composante immunitaire des cancers colorectaux et de son impact potentiel sur les stratégies thérapeutiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS404.pdf.
Texto completoIn this work, I analyzed the quality of the immune infiltrate of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and showed that an adaptation of the Immunoscore test to diagnostic biopsies (ISB: tumor infiltration in T cells CD3+ and CD8+) was feasible. In two cohorts (n1=131, n2=118) of LARC patients treated with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (nRCT) before surgery, I observed that the quality of the immune infiltrate, assessed by ISB, had a prognostic value in terms of recurrence-free survival [HR= 0.21; 95%CI 0.06-0.78, P=0.009], and was predictive of the quality of the response to nRCT (P<0.001). Tumor transcriptomic and protein analyses showed heterogeneity in local immune response to nCRT. A significant increase in the expression level of genes involved in cytotoxicity (GZMA, GZMH, GZMK, PRF-1), Th1 response (TBX21, STAT4), activation (CD69) and inhibitory costimulation (CTLA-4, LAG3) was observed in responder patients. The post-nCRT immune activation status correlated with the initial ISB. ISB coupled with post-nRCT imaging improves the prediction of histological complete response to nRCT, and thus the selection of patients eligible for an organ preservation strategy (Watch&Wait, W&W). In 2 independent cohorts of W&W patients, a High ISB predicted a low risk of recurrence at 5 years (3%; CI95% 0-10%). Finally, we showed that nRCT responder patients could show evidence of adaptive T and B immune stimulation, highlighting the immune benefit of organ (and draining lymph node) preservation in the nRCT response setting
Chirica, Mircea. "Analyse de la réponse immunitaire anti-tumorale selon les caractéristiques oncogénétiques du cancer colorectal". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC082.
Texto completoColorectal cancers (CRC) develop in the face of an important immune system associated with the intestinal mucosal tissue. Recent advances in tumor immunology have highlighted the role of the immune response in the development, evolution and outcome of cancers. The immune system is thought to actively edit out pre-cancerous tells in tissues as they appear. The quality of the immune response against the tumor has emerged as an important prognostic factor in patients with CRC. Several studies have highlighted the different type of mutations and developmental processes involved in CRC. Some of these mutations are associated with better prognosis (microsatellite instability, MSI) and other with poor outcome (BRAF mutations). Some studies suggest that part of these differential outcomes is driven by the capacity of the tumor to induce a strong immune response. Several other predictive biomarkers have been described including mutations of the KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA and TP53 genes but their prognostic role remains uncertain. In this study T tells infiltrating the tumor were compared to tells populating the unaffected neighboring mucosal tissue and tells from the peripheral blood. We observed that T tells from the tumor harbor an activated phenotype, with engagement of the NKG2D pathway in CD8 T tells. We show that mucosal and tumor-infiltrating T tells are enriched in NKG2D CD4 T tells, which exhibit cytotoxic functions. Finally, the oncogenic status of the cancer appears to influence the immune response within the tumor as T tell populations differ in MSI compared to MSS tumors and KRAS/NRAS mutated tumors compared to their wild type counterparts
Sugano, Gaël. "Rôle de MFG-E8/lactadhérine dans la croissance tumorale". Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T057.
Texto completoMfgeS/lactadherin is a secreted protein promoting VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and removal of apoptotic bodies by phagocytes, which induce tolerogenic immune responses. These two processes being important in cancer development, this thesis therefore aims to study lactadherin importance in tumor growth. In a chemoinduced carcinogenic model of bladder tumors, we have described a pro-tumoral role for lactadherin, mainly through induction of a tolerogenic immune response. These data correlate with two human bladder tumor banks. In a second model of genetic carcinogenesis, we did not observe a major role for lactadherin in intestine tumors growth, even if lactadherin is strongly expressed in these tumors. Thus, these works provide an interesting basis for anti-tumoral therapies in bladder cancers
Fortier, Manon. "Rôle de la MAP kinase p38α au cours d'une agression aiguë du foie Hepatospecific ablation of p38α governs the inflammatory response to promote efficient tissue repair during acute liver injury". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB100.
Texto completoTo prevent acute liver injuries induced by viral hepatitis, toxins or drug overload, liver activates different interconnected processes such as proliferation, inflammation or cell death. Interestingly, one protein is at the crossroad of these pathways: the MAP (Mitogen Activated Protein) kinase p38 alpha. Several studies showed a dual role for the p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in liver. Even if its role as a negative regulator of hepatocyte proliferation has been largely described, p38a may also harbor an oncogenic role involving cancer related-processes and notably inflammation. However, its function during an acute injury, in adult liver, remains uncharacterized. My thesis aim was to characterize p38 alpha MAP Kinase role during an acute liver injury thanks to a mouse model with a conditional hepatocyte specific deletion of p38a (KO model). To that end, we used an experimental hepatopathy system classically used to reproduce hepatocyte division in inflammatory context: the carbon tetrachloride model (CCl4). An injection of this hepatotoxic in mice induces hepatocyte cytolysis in centrilobular zone rapidly followed by immune cell infiltration and compensatory healthy hepatocyte proliferation to repair hepatic tissue. Control (CT) and KO mice were sacrificed at different timings after injection to establish a post-CCl4 kinetic, during which blood and liver tissue were collected. Liver injuries, inflammation, apoptosis and proliferation processes were then assayed. First, absence of p38a decreases hepatocyte number into cell cycle S phase (BrdU labelling, CyclinA2 levels) during regenerative process post-CCl4. Interestingly, we showed that p38a deficiency confers a protective effect against hepatic injuries induced by CCl4. Indeed, cytolysis areas and alanine transaminase levels (hepatocyte death reflection) were significantly decreased (40H to 60H post-CCl4) in KO mice. To explain this phenotype, we investigated apoptosis pathway during regenerative kinetic, but our results did not show any significant differences between CT and KO mice. On the other hand, antioxidant response is increased in KO livers and could therefore be involved in the hepatic tissue protection. Finally, immunohistochemistry analysis showed a massive inflammatory cell recruitment to cytolysis areas correlated with a significant increase of cytokines (as TNFa) and pro-inflammatory chemokines (as CCL2 and CCL5). These data strongly suggest that p38a deficiencies mediate a specific immune response to favor hepatic tissue clearance and repair. In conclusion, my thesis work shows that the absence of p38a MAP Kinase is hepatoprotective during an acute liver injury enhancing "proliferation - inflammatory response" balance, therefore promoting early tissue repair and maintaining liver homeostasis
El, Guerrab Abderrahim. "Outils biologiques pour l'exploration des réponses cellulaires à l'hypoxie dans les tumeurs mammaires invasives". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF1MM20.
Texto completoThe invasive breast cancers are solid tumors, wherein the proliferation of cells causes the formation of hypoxic zones. Cellular adaptive responses to reduced oxygen concentrations are mainly determined by heterodimeric transcription factors induced by hypoxia (HIF-1 & HIF-2, Hypoxia Inducible Factors). The alpha subunits of HIF are rapidly degraded under normoxic conditions. HIF complexes are also regulated by activation of epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways in an oxygen-independent manner. The first part of this work was to develop stable fluorescent clones for examining responses to hypoxia from a metastatic triple-negative breast cancer cell line overexpressing EGFR (MDA-MB-231). The Ca9-GFP and GFP-P564 cell models allow to assess HIF activity and alpha subunits stability, respectively. In both models, fluorescence signals were strongly increased with hypoxia-mimicking reagents (cobalt, desferrioxamine and dimethyl-oxalyl glycine) and under hypoxia (1% O2). The impact of three EGFR inhibitors on HIF activity and stability was assessed. Cetuximab and lapatinib did not affect the signal induced by hypoxia, whereas gefitinib sharply reduced its intensity in both models. The differential effect of these three EGFR-targeted therapies on hypoxia responses was correlated with a similar impact on viability and cell migration. The second part of this work focused on the relative quantification using qPCR analysis of 45 genes involved in hypoxia responses and in the development of breast cancer, from a retrospective series of 32 tumor samples from patients with early- stage invasive breast cancer. A comparative analysis was performed according to anatomo-pathological criteria (stage, grade, HER2 status, and relapse). A coordinated overexpression of all genes was observed in high-grade and HER2+ tumors and in the group of patients that relapsed. The comparison of gene expression between "relapse" and "no relapse" groups was used to identify six reference markers. It also allowed to develop a basic algorithm to classify patients according to the risk of relapse. This algorithm was validated by constructing survival curves (Kaplan-Meier method and Mantel-Haenszel test). Combined use of two fluorescent cell models allows identification and dynamic characterization of compounds able to directly or indirectly inhibit cellular responses to tumor hypoxia. Analysis of gene expression known for their aggressive character and regulated by the tumor microenvironment is a clinical tool for assessing breast cancer prognosis
Gonçalves, Maia Maria João. "Le syndrome Xeroderma Pigmentosum : Un nouveau modèle pour l’étude du rôle des fibroblastes dans la modulation de la réponse immunitaire innée contre les cellules cutanées cancéreuses". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4037.
Texto completoSkin cancer etiology is related to genetic mutations arising after ultraviolet (UV) sun exposure. The propagation of cancer cells is also dependent of a crosstalk with cells present in the surrounding microenvironment, mainly cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) and immune cells. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disease that comprises seven groups of genetic complementation (XP-A to XP-G). XP patients present a default in the mechanism responsible for the repair of UV-induced DNA lesions. They are prone to develop skin cancers with high frequencies early in their life. XP-C is the most represented complementation group in Europe and in XP-C patients squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are more frequent than basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (ratio 5:1). SCC have high metastatic potential compared to BCC. Previous studies suggested that the immune responses in XP patients could be altered with defects in their NK lytic activity and a decrease in the levels of circulating T lymphocytes. The main objective of this thesis was to identify microenvironment factors that could contribute to the progression of aggressive skin cancers using XP-C disease cells as a model of skin cancer susceptibility. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of WT and XP-C dermal patient’s fibroblasts revealed that CLEC2A, a ligand of the activating NK receptor NKp65 implicated in the activation of the innate immune system, is expressed in WT fibroblasts and absent in XP-C fibroblasts. Additional work showed that CLEC2A level is decreased in WT fibroblasts during replicative senescence, is absent in CAF and SCC, and is down regulated by soluble factors secreted by SCC cells. These results suggest that the loss of CLEC2A may induce a deficit of NK cell activation in the tumor microenvironment of SCC and in the dermis of XP-C patients. Elaboration of 3D skin culture models including NK cells and, in the presence or absence of blocking anti-CLEC2A antibody, allowed us to show that CLEC2A/NKp65 interaction regulates SCC cells invasion through a crosstalk between fibroblasts and NK cells. Our results suggest that the expression of CLEC2A in fibroblasts contributes to skin immune surveillance while, conversely, its absence under yet unidentified factors, favors the development of aggressive cancers in XP-C patients. CLEC2A could be a potential target in the fight against SCC progression
Monnier, Justin. "Etude d'une nouvelle famille de peptides, les prokineticins, chez l'homme : rôle dans l'angiogénèse tumorale et dans la modulation du système immunitaire inné". Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1B121.
Texto completoGirard, Pauline. "Pathophysiologie des pDCs et des Lymphocytes Tγδ en contexte de mélanome, et potentiel de leur interaction pour le développement de nouvelles thérapies The features of circulating and tumor-infiltrating gdT cells in melanoma patients display critical perturbations with prognostic impact on clinical outcome Potent Bidirectional Cross-Talk Between Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and γδT Cells Through BTN3A, Type I/II IFNs and Immune Checkpoints". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV042.
Texto completoBoth pDCs and γδT cells harbor critical roles in immune responses induction and orientation. Their unique features, high functional plasticity and ability to interact with many immune cell types allow them to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. They actively contribute to protective and pathogenic immune responses, which render them very attractive both as targets and vectors for cancer immunotherapy. Yet, γδT cells have not been extensively explored in melanoma, and despite strategic and closed missions, cross-talks between pDCs and γδT cells have not been deciphered yet, neither in healthy context nor in cancers, especially in melanoma where the long-term control of the tumor still remains a challenge. We provided here a detailed investigation of the phenotypic and functional properties of circulating and tumor-infiltrating γδT cells in melanoma patients, as well as their impact on clinical evolution. We also characterized the bidirectional cross-talks between pDCs and γδT cells both from healthy donor’s blood, patient’s blood and tumor micro-environment. Our study highlighted that melanoma hijacked γδT cells to escape from immune control, and revealed that circulating and tumor-infiltrating γδT cell features are promising potential biomarkers of clinical evolution. We also demonstrated crucial bidirectional interactions between these key potent immune players though type I and II IFN and BTN3A that are dysfunctional in the context of melanoma. Reversion of the dysfunctional bidirectional cross-talks in melanoma context could be achieved by specific cytokine administration and immune checkpoint targeting. We also revealed an increased expression of BTN3A on circulating and tumor-infiltrating pDCs and γδT cells from melanoma patients but stressed out its potential functional impairment.Thus, our study uncovered that melanoma hijacked pDCs/ γδT cells bidirectional interplay to escape from immune control, and pointed out BTN3A dysfunction. Such understanding will help harnessing and synergizing the power of these potent immune cells to design new therapeutic approaches exploiting their antitumor potential while counteracting their skewing by tumors to improve patient outcomes. Our findings pave the way to manipulate these potent and promising cell partners to design novel immunotherapeutic strategies and restore appropriate immune responses in cancers, infections and autoimmune diseases