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Koruba, Dorota, Ewa Zender Świercz, Jerzy Piotrowski, Łukasz Orman y Marek Telejko. "Indoor air quality in a preschool". Budownictwo i Architektura 13, n.º 4 (9 de diciembre de 2014): 007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1682.
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The article demonstrates the results of research on the indoor air quality (IAQ) in one of chosen preschools. In such facilities, the standard solution is a system of natural ventilation. Only a small percentage of such buildings is equipped with a mechanical ventilation system with adjustable parameters of the microclimate. The article presents the results of indoor air quality in the local preschool located in Kielce. In the present facility natural ventilation system was used. Preliminary studies confirmed the poor quality of indoor air in a subjected building. During the study, two improvements aimed at improving air quality were proposed. The first improvement was to increase the supply air stream. The second one concerned the installation of equipment for the treatment of indoor air. The results indicate that under certain guidelines it is possible to improve indoor air quality. As an indicator of indoor air quality, concentration of carbon dioxide was adopted. In addition, microbiological tests were performed indoors.
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Ngowo, Halfan S., Emmanuel Wilson Kaindoa, Jason Matthiopoulos, Heather M. Ferguson y Fredros O. Okumu. "Variations in household microclimate affect outdoor-biting behaviour of malaria vectors". Wellcome Open Research 2 (24 de octubre de 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12928.1.
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Background: Mosquito behaviours including the degree to which they bite inside houses or outside is a crucial determinant of human exposure to malaria. Whilst seasonality in mosquito vector abundance is well documented, much less is known about the impact of climate on mosquito behaviour. We investigated how variations in household microclimate affect outdoor-biting by malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus. Methods: Mosquitoes were sampled indoors and outdoors weekly using human landing catches at eight households in four villages in south-eastern Tanzania, resulting in 616 trap-nights over 12 months. Daily temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were recorded. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to test associations between mosquito abundance and the microclimatic conditions. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to investigate the influence of microclimatic conditions on the tendency of vectors to bite outdoors (proportion of outdoor biting). Results: An. arabiensis abundance peaked during high rainfall months (February-May), whilst An. funestus density remained stable into the dry season (May-August). Across the range of observed household temperatures, a rise of 1ºC marginally increased nightly An. arabiensis abundance (~11%), but more prominently increased An. funestus abundance (~66%). The abundance of An. arabiensis and An. funestus showed strong positive associations with time-lagged rainfall (2-3 and 3-4 weeks before sampling). The degree of outdoor biting in An. arabiensis was significantly associated with the relative temperature difference between indoor and outdoor environments, with exophily increasing as temperature inside houses became relatively warmer. The exophily of An. funestus did not vary with temperature differences. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that malaria vector An. arabiensis shifts the location of its biting from indoors to outdoors in association with relative differences in microclimatic conditions. These environmental impacts could give rise to seasonal variation in mosquito biting behaviour and degree of protection provided by indoor-based vector control strategies.
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Shkromada, O., A. Palii, A. Palii, O. Skliar, Yu Dudchenko y T. Necherya. "Improvement of milk quality for micro-climate formation on cattle farms". Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Veterinary Medicine, n.º 4 (47) (24 de diciembre de 2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.vet.2019.4.7.
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In this work, microclimate studies were conducted in cattle rooms and the impact on milk quality. A comparative analysis of the use of natural and forced ventilation in rooms and the formation of microclimate. The normative values of sanitary and hygienic parameters for livestock farms are presented in the paper. The microorganisms isolated from the change of cows and milk are identical to the microflora circulating indoors. Weaknesses in the design of livestock premises were also investigated. Disturbances in building structures affect the welfare of animals. It has been proven that the use of state-of-the-art forced-air ventilation systems on livestock farms reduces indoor moisture and gas levels.
Diseases and deaths of animals can be caused by violations of sanitary and hygiene standards and feeding and watering of animals. Failure to comply with the disinfection rules increases the microbial contamination of the air.
Lack of adequate ventilation in the premises causes the accumulation of dangerous gases (ammonia and hydrogen sulfide), moisture and micro-organisms in buildings. All these factors can cause respiratory, digestive and mastitis diseases in cows. In sick animals, the increase in live weight and milk productivity is reduced. Treatment of animals is very expensive because antibiotics are used. Antimicrobial drugs affect the quality of products. Prevention of morbidity in farms is directly related to compliance with zoo-hygiene standards.
In livestock houses, animals spend most of their lives. The premises protect animals from adverse weather conditions. An important indicator of hygiene requirements for the building is the microclimate. The microclimate includes: ventilation, temperature, gas, light and microbial contamination. All indicators must be in accordance with normal animal-friendly levels.
Farms under the Animal Protection Act are required to provide them with proper care and appropriate living conditions. The microclimate of the room is formed by many physical factors. Animals overcrowding have negative effects on indoor pollution. Poor ventilation affects the health and weight gain of animals. Accumulation of gases, moisture and microorganisms indoors can cause respiratory and digestive diseases in animals.
Within 60% were pathogenic staphylococci (S. aureus) as a result of monitoring the etiology of subclinical mastitis. Has made agalactic streptococcus (Str. Agalactiae) 25% of cases. Associated microflora accounted for 5% of cases.
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Verticchio, Elena, Francesca Frasca, Fernando-Juan Garcìa-Diego y Anna Maria Siani. "Investigation on the Use of Passive Microclimate Frames in View of the Climate Change Scenario". Climate 7, n.º 8 (9 de agosto de 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7080098.
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Passive microclimate frames are exhibition enclosures able to modify their internal climate in order to comply with paintings’ conservation needs. Due to a growing concern about the effects of climate change, future policies in conservation must move towards affordable and sustainable preservation strategies. This study investigated the hygrothermal conditions monitored within a microclimate frame hosting a portrait on cardboard with the aim of discussing its use in view of the climate expected indoors in the period 2041–2070. Its effectiveness in terms of the ASHRAE classification and of the Lifetime Multiplier for chemical deterioration of paper was assessed comparing temperature and relative humidity values simultaneously measured inside the microclimate frame and in its surrounding environment, first in the Pio V Museum and later in a residential building, both located in the area of Valencia (Spain). Moreover, heat and moisture transfer functions were used to derive projections over the future indoor hygrothermal conditions in response to the ENSEMBLES-A1B outdoor scenario. The adoption of microclimate frames proved to be an effective preventive conservation action in current and future conditions but it may not be sufficient to fully avoid the chemical degradation risk without an additional control over temperature.
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Kavathekar, Anita y Shaila Bantanur. "Study of the influence of indoor plants as an indicator of biophilic design on CO2 concentrations in a classroom of higher education institute". Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 31, n.º 2 (26 de octubre de 2022): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.31.2.30791.
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Urbanization in Indian metropolitan cities deteriorating the outdoor environment by polluting water, soil, and air to a great extent. Some of the cities are at a fatal level of contamination affecting indoor environments. Many studies had reported the impact of a high level of CO2 indoors on the occupants. Its effect depends upon the concentration of CO2, the duration of exposure, and the concentration of oxygen (O2). Still the effects range from increased respiratory rates to cardiac ailments and carcinoses. India is a developing country so the sustainable and affordable approaches will be more applicable in this context. This study tries to find a well-grounded way to improve indoor air quality. The current pilot study focuses on examining the effect of indoor plants on indoor air quality by measuring CO2 levels. This study has used three different species of plants for three different classrooms of higher education institutes. The study was performed in an unsealed environment where air velocity and CO2 were measured. Statistical analysis results show that indoor CO2 concentration has been reduced by 11% than outdoors after placing the plants. This study also shows the correlation between CO2 concentration and the distance from the plant using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Hence indoor vegetation can be considered a sustainable way of purifying the air and altering the microclimate of the classrooms for the well-being of the occupants.
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Paramud, Y. y A. Yanchynskyi. "Сomputer system for alerting indoor microclimate critical values". Computer systems and network 3, n.º 1 (10 de diciembre de 2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/csn2021.01.089.
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An alert system has been studied, in which sensor data can be collected and analyzed for further processing and action. Notifications are generated when data is compared against certain criteria. The ESP8266 microcontroller has been chosen as the basic device for implementing such a system, as this Espressif controller is a highly integrated Wi-Fi SoC solution that meets the demands of the cyberphysical systems industry in low power consumption, compactness and reliability. This solution is one of the most effective for the alert system. On the basis of this microcontroller the technical means of the computer system and the functional software for realization of functions of monitoring and the notification of critical values of a microclimate indoors are designed. The architecture of the computer system is studied. The choice of the main components of the hardware part of the system is substantiated, the element base is considered. A detailed scheme of the software operation algorithm is offered, as well as the results of the developed computer system for alerting the critical values of the indoor microclimate are demonstrated.
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Ganzhur, Marina, Alexey Ganzhur, Andrey Kobylko y Denis Fathi. "Automation of microclimate in greenhouses". E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021005004.
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An agricultural greenhouse is a complex system with many input features. Taking these features into consideration creates favorable conditions for the production of plants. The parameters are temperature and internal humidity, which have a significant impact on the yield. The aim of this study was to propose a dynamic simulation model in the MATLAB/Simulink environment for experimental validation. In addition, a fuzzy controller for the indoor climate of the greenhouse with an asynchronous motor for ventilation, heating, humidification, etc. has been designed. The model includes an intelligent control system for these drives in order to ensure optimal indoor climate. The dynamic model was validated by comparing simulation results with experimental measurement data. These results showed the effectiveness of the control strategy in regulating the greenhouse indoor climate.
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Wójcik, Anna, Tomasz Mituniewicz, Sara Dzik, Łukasz Kostrubiec, Anna Wolska y Dawid Dzięgiel. "Environmental indicators for assessing the welfare of dairy cattle housed indoors". Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 13, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2017): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5323.
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The objective of the research was to evaluate the microclimate and environmental indicators used to assess the welfare of dairy cattle housed indoors in a tie-stall barn located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Microclimate conditions were analysed using the physical parameters of the microclimate and selected environmental indicators characterizing the level of livestock welfare. The study showed that the temperature in the barn during autumn and winter corresponded to recommendations, whereas in the spring, when the outdoor temperature was high, the indoor temperature exceeded the optimum temperature by about 7°C. In the autumn and winter, when high levels of outdoor humidity were noted, the relative humidity inside the barn was also very high, which is an undesirable effect. The average relative humidity in the spring did not exceed recommendations. The excessive relative humidity inside the barn was indicative of poorly functioning natural ventilation. To improve the temperature and humidity conditions, the door was opened to ventilate the building, thus affecting other parameters of the microclimate. It was concluded from the microclimate indicators that the building had good heat insulation and ensured the welfare of the animals during low temperatures. However, the research showed that the natural gravity ventilation system did not work properly, which during some periods may have a detrimental effect on the welfare of dairy cattle.
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Sahakian, Marlyne, Henrike Rau y Grégoire Wallenborn. "Making “Sustainable Consumption” Matter: The Indoor Microclimate as Contested Cultural Artifact". Cultural Sociology 14, n.º 4 (1 de julio de 2020): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975520932439.
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This article demonstrates how a cultural reading of consumption that focuses on the meaning and materiality of domestic indoor microclimates can contribute to conceptual developments in the field of practice theory that refocus attention on cultural patterns, including prevailing norms and prescriptions regarding indoor temperature and thermal comfort. Drawing on evidence collected during a research-led change initiative that encouraged people to reduce energy use in the home by lowering indoor temperature to 18°C, we deploy the heuristic device of “indoor microclimate as artifact” to show how the manifestation of this new artifact initiated significant changes in everyday practices that revolve around heating. We observe that these changes may also spill over into the public sphere – from home to workplace. By making the microclimate a tangible and visible thing, we describe how people appropriate and appreciate this new object of consumption, what it says about different bodies in diverse and bounded spaces, and what the artifact as a commodity reveals about broader systems of heating and energy provision, and associated actors. Due to the increasing spread of central heating and the growing importance of complex technological devices to monitor and control indoor temperature, heating is no longer a practice in and of itself for many urban dwellers in Europe. However, when people appropriate the indoor microclimate, new heating-related practices emerge that can lead to energy sufficiency. We thus argue that by deliberately “materializing” domestic indoor microclimate as part of a change initiative, more sustainable forms of energy use can be made to matter.
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Ulyasheva, V. M. y D. G. Mikhailova. "Numerical researchof the microclimate in the restaurant hall using a VRF-system". Вестник гражданских инженеров 18, n.º 2 (2021): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2021-18-2-150-157.
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The features of the microclimate formation in the restaurant hall are considered when using inflow exhaust ventilation and indoor units of the multi-zone VRF system. Calculation model grids are constructed taking into account the configuration features of the microclimate systems` elements. Numerical simulation of the thermal-air regime is performed in the STAR-CCM+ hydrodynamic package for various placement options and configurations of VRF-system devices. The most appropriate ways of the microclimate system arrangement with the use of two types of indoor units are identified. The analysis of the study results on the compliance of the microclimate parameters with the regulatory requirements is presented.
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Zhang, Shi Yang y Nan Zhang. "Factors for Improve the Summer Microclimate of Guangfu Dwellings and its Modern Applications". Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (julio de 2014): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.423.
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Guangfu dwellings affected by high temperature in summer daytime have derived a lot factors to improve indoor microclimate. Like dwellings near the water and use the layout of roadway and architectural cracks to form ventilation; high windows to form a cold air exchange; use oyster shells, creeper and overhang plants on facade to insulate heat, etc. Two cases were mentioned that used of the above factors to improved microclimate. Combined the experience of ancient buildings with modern technology and materials can improve indoor microclimate of architecture is concluded.
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Sinicina, Natalia, Andris Skromulis y Andris Martinovs. "Impact of Microclimate and Indoor Plants on Air Ion Concentration". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (6 de agosto de 2015): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol1.827.
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Saturation of air ions is essentially important for all living beings, especially for human health. Existing sanitary norms provide that concentration of small ions has to be in range of 400-50000 ions cm-3 and unipolarity coefficient 0.4 ≤ K ≤ 1.0. Many species of indoor plants emit organic volatile compounds and air ions, therefore they could be used for improving the quality of indoor air. The results show that ionization level of indoor air is significantly insufficient and selected species of indoor plants are not able to improve it. They serve rather as supplementary surfaces for ion absorption. Possible interaction between microclimate, ion concentration and indoor plants in different times of the day is analyzed.
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Bily, Viktor. "MODERN APROACH TO MICROCLIMATE CONTROL ON BOARD SHIPS". Scientific Journal of Polonia University 49, n.º 6 (18 de enero de 2022): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4919.
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Ambient and indoor air pollution have high impact on public health. Safety of indoor air is crucial for well-being and stress tolerance of seafarers due to their prolonged stay in the environment characterized by adjacency of work and leisure premises. Flaws in ventilation and air distribution systems may lead to infiltration and accumulation of pollutants in air of living and recreation premises. However, available onboard HVAC systems designs are not fit to ensure cleanliness and quality of the indoor air of ships accommodation. In this study a new approach for indoor air quality management on board merchant ships is proposed. Air quality standards and requirements analyzed and formal representation formulated. Approximation techniques for thermal comfort index PMV reviewed and computationally efficient polynomial representation proposed. Unified dynamic model of microclimate, thermal comfort and gas composition of air is developed. Model performance was studied in simulation environment with superstructure microclimate model of a real ship. As a proof of the hypothesis a preliminary prototype developed and tested on board of gas carrier vessel. A proposed control optimization problem statement allows implementation of a wide range of indoor air quality and comfort management systems at scale. Prototype multiparameter controller based on microprocessor technology showed potential of performance improvement and scalability for development of distributed control systems.
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Kaliev, A. K. y D. E. Amanzholov. "MODERN REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTAINING INDOOR MICROCLIMATE PARAMETERS". Bulletin of Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Construction 84, n.º 2 (15 de junio de 2022): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51488/1680-080x/2022.2-38.
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The article deals with the problematic issues of compliance with the parameters of the microclimate of the premises. These problems are especially relevant for regions with a sharply continental climate in Southern Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan. The actual specific heat losses through building envelopes in these regions are twice as high as those regulated by building codes. The solution of this problem will ensure the normative parameters of the microclimate in buildings.
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Marcu, Florin, Nicolaie Hodor, Liliana Indrie, Paula Dejeu, Marin Ilieș, Adina Albu, Mircea Sandor et al. "Microbiological, Health and Comfort Aspects of Indoor Air Quality in a Romanian Historical Wooden Church". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 18 (20 de septiembre de 2021): 9908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189908.
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Monitoring the indoor microclimate in old buildings of cultural heritage and significance is a practice of great importance because of the importance of their identity for local communities and national consciousness. Most aged heritage buildings, especially those made of wood, develop an indoor microclimate conducive to the development of microorganisms. This study aims to analyze one wooden church dating back to the 1710s in Romania from the microclimatic perspective, i.e., temperature and relative humidity and the fungal load of the air and surfaces. One further aim was to determine if the internal microclimate of the monument is favorable for the health of parishioners and visitors, as well as for the integrity of the church itself. The research methodology involved monitoring of the microclimate for a period of nine weeks (November 2020–January 2021) and evaluating the fungal load in indoor air as well as on the surfaces. The results show a very high contamination of air and surfaces (>2000 CFU/m3). In terms of fungal contamination, Aspergillus spp. (two different species), Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp. (two different species) and Trichopyton spp. were the genera of fungi identified in the indoor wooden church air and Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp. (two different species) and Botrytis spp. on the surfaces (church walls and iconostasis). The results obtained reveal that the internal microclimate not only imposes a potential risk factor for the parishioners and visitors, but also for the preservation of the wooden church as a historical monument, which is facing a crisis of biodeterioration of its artwork.
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Bonora, A., K. Fabbri y M. Pretelli. "ENVIRONMENTAL MICROCLIMATE MANAGEMENT AND RISK IN THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE OF VILLA BARBARO MASER (ITALY)". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (4 de mayo de 2019): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-269-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Indoor environment in heritage buildings can be cause of damage for architecture and artefacts which depend on several physical and chemical parameters: air temperature, relative humidity, volatile organic compounds, etc. How is it possible to evaluate their damage, or the risk of damages? How “aggressive” is indoor microclimate? The scientific literature proposes several different criteria for the evaluation of the risk of damages, especially in the field of museums, while there are few studies which take into consideration historic buildings. In this paper we propose an index – the Heritage indoor Microclimate Risk (HMR) – that allows to define the risk concerning the whole environment and not only the artefacts. Moreover, we propose its application to a real case study of a UNESCO Heritage World Site, obtained through indoor microclimate on-site monitoring and building simulation. The case study reported is Villa Barbaro, built in Maser (1554–1560) by the architect Andrea Palladio and registered in the UNESCO World Heritage Site list since 1996, as Palladian Villa of Veneto. The research is structured as follows: monitoring campaign of the microclimatic parameters; virtual modelling of Villa Barbaro and its validation (by comparing the simulated data and the monitored ones); construction of scenarios which can aid to guarantee the historic building’s conservation and the occupants’ comfort; definition of HMR. The innovative aspect of the proposed methodology is the use of a virtual building model of heritage buildings, to determine, through a single index, the degree of risk and the level of indoor microclimate aggression.</p>
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Koruba, Dorota, Jerzy Zbigniew Piotrowski, Robert Piekoszewski y Włodzimierz Grochal. "Indoor air in autonomous building". E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900058.
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The paper describes the use of renewable energy sources in an autonomous home in the aspect of sustainable development. The work contains an analysis of the results of the quality parameters of the internal microclimate (carbon dioxide concentration and relative humidity), mycological cleanliness of the enclosed spaces in the study was taken into account, the immediate proximity of the pond as a biological treatment plant, which is also an integral part of the ecosystem with a closed cycle of organic matter and influences independence energy of the tested object. Parameters of the microclimate were taken from the BMS (Building Management System) installed in the facility, while mycological purity tests were carried out using the sedimentation and collision method. Based on the conducted analyses, conclusions have been drawn that can be used in the design of autonomous objects.
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Predescu, Laurentiu y Daniel Dunea. "Performance Evaluation of Particulate Matter and Indoor Microclimate Monitors in University Classrooms under COVID-19 Restrictions". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 14 (9 de julio de 2021): 7363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147363.
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Optical monitors have proven their versatility into the studies of air quality in the workplace and indoor environments. The current study aimed to perform a screening of the indoor environment regarding the presence of various fractions of particulate matter (PM) and the specific thermal microclimate in a classroom occupied with students in March 2019 (before COVID-19 pandemic) and in March 2021 (during pandemic) at Valahia University Campus, Targoviste, Romania. The objectives were to assess the potential exposure of students and academic personnel to PM and to observe the performances of various sensors and monitors (particle counter, PM monitors, and indoor microclimate sensors). PM1 ranged between 29 and 41 μg m−3 and PM10 ranged between 30 and 42 μg m−3. It was observed that the particles belonged mostly to fine and submicrometric fractions in acceptable thermal environments according to the PPD and PMV indices. The particle counter recorded preponderantly 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 micron categories. The average acute dose rate was estimated as 6.58 × 10−4 mg/kg-day (CV = 14.3%) for the 20–40 years range. Wearing masks may influence the indoor microclimate and PM levels but additional experiments should be performed at a finer scale.
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Maiullari, D., B. Gherri, C. Finizza, M. Maretto y E. Naboni. "Climate change and indoor temperature variation in Venetian buildings: the role of density and urban form". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012060.
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Abstract Although the influence of urban form on microclimate and building thermal processes has been acknowledged, few studies have addressed the influence of overheating mechanisms on heterogeneous urban fabrics for existing historical cities. This study investigates the impact of changing urban climate on indoor temperatures by focusing on three Venice morphological patterns. Through microclimate modelling techniques, outdoor and indoor temperatures are simulated in 2020 and 2050 scenarios. Results show that the compactness of the urban fabric contributes to reducing indoor building temperatures. The analysis suggests that the increased density of shadow areas can mitigate the outdoor temperature values and reduce direct radiation on façades. When comparing the two climate scenarios 2020 and 2050, average indoor temperatures increase in the latter. However, the analysis highlights that the absence of insulation and the relatively high thermal mass of typical Venetian envelopes plays a crucial role in the building thermal processes preserving indoor comfort in a warmer climate future.
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Lavtižar, Kristijan. "Fundamentals of Natural Ventilation in Buildings". Igra ustvarjalnosti - Creativy Game 2020, n.º 08 (11 de noviembre de 2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15292/iu-cg.2020.08.020-027.
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When environmental factors, such as the microclimate, in-depth knowledge is important in understanding spatial issues related to health. We spend most of the day indoors, so ventilation conditions are especially important, given their impact on our well-being, satisfaction, productivity, and health. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of modern methods of ventilation of individual indoor spaces with special attention paid to natural ventilation. The key questions raised for this purpose are: What systems are in use today, what are their shortcomings and the challenges that we face, how had the problem of ventilation been addressed in the past, and how can traditional knowledge be applied in modern architecture? To be able to answer this, clear physical laws must be defined. The article presents the standard methods of ventilation of buildings around the world and gives suggestions for their use in the design of quality and sustainably designed open and closed spaces (buildings and their indoor spaces). Examples of the use of natural ventilation and samples of combining established ventilation principles, considering the legality of microclimatic factors, with modern technologies of mechanical ventilation and permeable facade systems are collected. The core of the article refers to the question: What are the possibilities for the ventilation of buildings that ensure the appropriate indoor air quality while simultaneously allowing for the ambient integration with the natural environment?
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Yang, GUO. "An Analysis and Study on the Adjustment of Indoor Micro-climatic Environment for Traditional Residential Houses in Jiangxi Province". MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 04024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817504024.
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In recent years, with the accelerating pace of human transformation of nature, the depletion of natural resources, the deterioration of the climate and other issues are outstanding, so, green sustainable development has become a hot topic. At present, the domestic design of residential indoor microclimates relies on the adjustment of high energy consumption equipment to meet the needs of the environment, but ignores the appropriate design methods impacting on the living microenvironment, which may reduce energy consumption and achieving sustainable development and creating green buildings as well. This paper takes the Jiangxi area as the research scope, takes the microclimate of the indoor residential environment as the research object, and starts with presentation on the climate characteristics of the hot, rainy and humid Jiangnan climate in Jiangxi Province, combines the morphological characteristics of traditional residential houses and climate regulation behavior in local area for addressing the spatial microclimate, to study and summarize the residential interior design strategies suitable for the climate and environment in the same place, hopefully to provide the basis for improving the microclimate environment of indoor residences.
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Vtoryi, Valerii Fedorovich, Sergey Valerievich Vtoryi y Vladislav Vladimirovich Gordeev. "Effect of space and layout solutions on the barn microclimate". Agrarian Scientific Journal, n.º 9 (25 de septiembre de 2022): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i9pp92-95.
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The article presents the results of assessing the animal comfort by the temperature-humidity index and identifies the dependences of barn indoor climate formation under different space and layout solutions. The air temperature, humidity, ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations were measured at nine points in two barns with loose cow housing system to estimate the effect of space and layout solutions on the indoor climate. The study results proved this effect also to depend on external weather conditions. The obtained linear regression equations will contribute to forecasting the indoor climate changes and help to mitigate the possible negative consequences such as the heat stress in animals.
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Lobov, Vyacheslav, Lyudmila Efimenko, Serhii Boiko y Oleksiy Gorodny. "METHODOLOGY FOR THE INDOOR MICROCLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN". Technical Sciences and Technologies, n.º 1(27) (2022): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2022-1(27)-172-183.
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The development of digital technology in recent decades has been rapid. The number of areas of application of DA continues to grow steadily. For example, in the last few years they have been actively implemented in automated systems of various technological processes. During the writing of the article, it was found that the current requirements for software and the rapid pace of technical systems cause growing interest in the theory of digital automata and discrete automata in general. This makes it possible to solve increasingly complex problems and, at the same time, achieve greater efficiency.The aim of this article is to study modern systems of automated control and management of indoor climate with optimization of technological parameters: temperature, humidity, etc. with the development of simple methods for designing indoor climate control systems with advanced mathematical model based on the rules of applied digital theory. The research was performed using a mathematical model and rules of applied theory of digital automata, which allows to create universal algorithms and design a simple and easy for implementation functional and schematic diagram of digital automata.Using the applied theory of digital automata, theequations of Boolean functions are obtained. An engineering approach to maintaining a given microclimate by regulating the temperature and humidity in the room. Developed digital circuit breakerto maintain a given microclimate in the room has eight inputsignals, eight output signals and six transient states. Logical equations allowed to develop a simple functional circuit of DA to control the microclimate in the room, which is quite easy to implement on chips of medium integration, such as KR1561, or other devices, such as microcontrollers
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Tsynaeva, Anna Alexandrovna y Ekaterina Alexandrovna Tsynaeva. "Numerical simulation of indoor microclimate using free software". Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 33, n.º 5 (2021): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2021-33(5)-16.
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The work is devoted to the numerical study of indoor microclimate. Accurately predicting the distributed microclimate inside the residential space equipped with a microclimate control system called the «smart house» allows to save thermal energy significantly. Mathematical modeling was carried out by means of the Navier-Stokes equation, the energy equation, the continuity equation. The system of equations used was closed using the k-w-sst turbulence model. The resulting numerical solution was performed in the Code_Saturn, which has a free license. The Salome free software package was used to build a grid. In this context, a second–order scheme (SOLU) was used to resolve the velocity field, a MULTIGRID scheme was used for the pressure field, automatic settings were used for the kinetic energy of turbulence and her dissipation and for the temperature field, the maximum number of iterations for each cycle was equal to 10000, the Solver Precision accuracy was 10-8. The SIMPLEC algorithm is used to obtain a connected solution of the momentum balance and continuity equations. The paper provides an example of numerical solution verification, which is showed the relative temperature deviation from the values obtained by other authors was no more than 0.8-1.2%. Numerical simulation of the air velocity field in the residential space showed values from 0.12 to 0.15 m/s. Based on the results of the obtained solution, an analysis of the saving of thermal energy was carried out when regulating the supply of heat.
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Kraliková, Ružena y Hana Sokolová. "Experimental Measurements And Evaluation Of Indoor Microclimate Conditions". ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 66, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2015): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucts-2015-0031.
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Abstract The paper deals with monitoring of workplace where technological equipment produces heat during hot summer days. The thermo-hygric microclimate measurement took place during daily work shift, and was carried out at 5 choosen measuring points. Since there was radiation heat presented in workplace and workers worked at different places, the thermal environment was classified as a heterogeneous and unstationary area. The measurement, result processing and interpretation was carried out according to the valid legislation of Slovak Republic.
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Omarov, Bauyrzhan, Karlygash Baisholanova, Rustam Abdrakhmanov, Zhanar Alibekova, Maxat Dairabayev, Rollan Narykbay y Bakhytzhan Omarov. "INDOOR MICROCLIMATE COMFORT LEVEL CONTROL IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS". Far East Journal of Electronics and Communications 17, n.º 6 (26 de diciembre de 2017): 1345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/ec017061345.
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Datsuk, Tamara, Viktor Pukhkal y U. Ivlev. "Forecasting of Microclimate in the Course of Buildings Design and Reconstruction". Advanced Materials Research 1020 (octubre de 2014): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.643.
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Quality of human living environment is determined by combination of factors which constitute indoor space thermal, light and acoustic conditions. At the stage of building design it is essential to undertake complex analysis allowing revealing quantitative values of the governing factors and forecasting their joint influence affecting indoor microclimate formation.
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Bonora, Anna, Kristian Fabbri y Marco Pretelli. "Historic Indoor Microclimate, the role of HVAC in heritage buildings’ restoration: the case of the Palace of Venaria Reale". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012078.
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Abstract The paper is aimed to illustrate how the study of the indoor microclimate, supported by the virtual simulation and by the knowledge of the historical evolutions of the building (managerial, usage and architectonical changes over the years), represents a preventive practice which allows to evaluate and predict the interactions between the object and the environment. To do that the authors present a case-study: room 33 in the Palace of Venaria Reale, in Turin, Italy. We have reproduced a virtual building model which presents the same indoor and outdoor microclimatic conditions of the original building. Moreover, we evaluated an alternative scenario that simulates the indoor microclimate of room 33 considering the HVAC systems continuously off. The comparison between the two virtual buildings allowed to estimate the impact of the HVAC system on the preventive conservation of the historical building, of the artefacts and of the occupants’ thermal comfort. Those simulations clarified which indoor microclimatic conditions could be guaranteed by the building itself, after the restoration project of the whole Palace started in 2001.
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Zhang, Michael, Alejandro D. Garcia, Maritere Zamora, Isabella A. Anderson y David F. Jativa. "Exposure to Secondhand Tobacco Smoke at Airport Terminals". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2019 (3 de febrero de 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9648761.
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Background. Airports may represent significant sources of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure for both travelers and employees. While previously common smoking rooms have largely disappeared from US airports, smoking continues to occur outdoors at terminal entrances. SHS may be especially high at arrival areas, since they oftentimes are partially enclosed by overhead departures, creating stagnant microenvironments. This study assessed particulate matter <2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5), a common surrogate for SHS, at airport terminal locations to evaluate both outdoor exposure risk and possible indoor drift of SHS from outdoor sources. Methods. A convenience sample of nine airport terminal arrival areas in the US state of Florida was surveyed between February and July 2018. PM2.5 levels were assessed outdoors and indoors at terminal entrances and at control areas far into terminal interiors. We also examined the impact of smoking location on SHS exposure by correlating cigarette and passing vehicle counts with PM2.5 levels at terminals with contrasting proximity of designated smoking locations to terminal entrances. Results. Although outdoor PM2.5 levels (mean 17.9, SD 6.1 µg/m3) were significantly higher than indoors (p<0.001), there was no difference between indoor areas directly inside terminal entrances and areas much further interior (mean 8.8, SD 2.6 vs mean 8.5, SD 3.0 µg/m3, p=0.49). However, when smoking areas were in close proximity to terminal entrances, the number of lit cigarettes and vehicular traffic per minute predicted 70% of the variance of PM2.5 levels (p<0.001), which was attributable mostly to the cigarette number (β = 0.83; 95% CI (0.55 to 1.11); p<0.001). This effect was not observed at smoking areas further away. Conclusion. PM2.5 data did not suggest indoor drift from outside smoking. Nevertheless, absolute exposure outdoors was high and correlated with the location of designated smoking areas. Further studies are needed to examine the effect of microclimate formation on exposure risk.
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Telejko, Marek, Ewa Zender – Świercz y Jerzy Piotrowski. "Indoor air quality in multifamily buildings". Budownictwo i Architektura 12, n.º 3 (11 de septiembre de 2013): 067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1991.
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The applicable legislation connected with the natural ventilation are ambiguous and sometimes contradictory. This leads to serious problems with natural ventilation. In most cases malfunction of the natural ventilation is due to the insufficient stream of air from the outside. The research showed that the microclimate is influenced not only by the incoming air stream, but also by the layout of the air supply.
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Zong, Hua, Jiao Wang, Ting Zhou, Jiarui Sun y Xuehong Chen. "The Influence of Transient Changes in Indoor and Outdoor Thermal Comfort on the Use of Outdoor Space by Older Adults in the Nursing Home". Buildings 12, n.º 7 (26 de junio de 2022): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070905.
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Recently, the requirements regarding the environment of nursing homes are high, because the elderly are a vulnerable group with limited adaptive capacity to respond to transient environmental change. This paper presents a field investigation on the influence of transient thermal comfort changes between the indoor and outdoor spaces (i.e., air temperature (Ta), solar radiation (SR), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), and the thermal comfort indices of Universal Thermal Index (UTCI)) on the willingness of the elderly to use outdoor spaces of the Wanxia nursing home of Chengdu City. Results indicated that, in summer, the mean UTCI values of indoor and corridor spaces corresponded to the level of moderate heat stress, while those of road and garden corresponded to the strong heat stress level. Road and garden spaces even showed moderate heat stress in spring. Approximately 28.93% (139) of the elderly living here used outdoor spaces every day. The morning period (from 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.) was the elderly’s favorited period for using outdoor spaces in seasons. The microclimatic transient differences between indoor and outdoor spaces ranged from 0.47 °C to 2.93 °C (|ΔTa|), from 86.09 W/m2 to 206.76 W/m2 (|ΔSR|), from 5.29% to 14.76% (ΔRH), from 0.01 m/s to 0.07 m/s (|ΔWS|), and from 0.25 °C to 2.25 °C (ΔUTCI). These big microclimate differences could cause enormous health risks for the elderly in the process of indoor and outdoor space conversion. The minimal transient change occurred between corridors and indoors. Pearson correlation analysis indicated ΔTa and ΔRH between indoor and outdoor spaces were the primary meteorological factors that influenced the elderly’s willing to use outdoor spaces. The elderly preferred to live in a constant Ta and RH environment. Only when the ΔTa and ΔRH are small enough to resemble a steady-state (ΔUTCI ≤ 0.5 °C), ΔWS and ΔSI could affect the elderly’s choice of using outdoor space. Optimal design strategies were put forward for reducing the transient differences between indoor and outdoor microclimates to inspire the elderly to use outdoor spaces safely, including improving outdoor canopy coverage and indoor mechanical ventilation.
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Kubečková, Darja, Michal Kraus, Ingrid Juhásová Šenitková y Magdaléna Vrbová. "The Indoor Microclimate of Prefabricated Buildings for Housing: Interaction of Environmental and Construction Measures". Sustainability 12, n.º 23 (3 de diciembre de 2020): 10119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310119.
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The current knowledge shows that the interior microclimate of residential buildings that were constructed between 1950 and 1990 using panel construction, not only in the Czech Republic but also in Europe, and were renovated in accordance with applicable legislation related to thermal comfort and energy is significantly affected by gaseous pollutants. At increased concentrations and exposure times, these pollutants negatively affect the interior microclimate and at the same time have a negative effect on the health of users. After the implementation of remediation measures, which are mainly focused on improving the thermal technical parameters of the building envelope, the concentration of CO2 in the indoor environment increases. Carbon dioxide is one of the most important active factors and in terms of the quality of the interior microclimate, it is considered a reliable indicator of whether the interior microclimate can be considered a healthy and favorable environment. It is thus clear that the set and de facto systematized measures in the renovation of the housing stock from the second half of the 20th century has led to energy savings on the one hand, but on the other hand, this has contributed to the hygienic damage of housing units and an unhealthy interior microclimate. The paper aims to define the interaction of interdisciplinary contexts that have led to an increase in the indoor air quality (IAQ) of renovated residential panel buildings.
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Ilieș, Dorina Camelia, Bahodirhon Safarov, Tudor Caciora, Alexandru Ilieș, Vasile Grama, Gabriela Ilies, Anca Huniadi et al. "Museal Indoor Air Quality and Public Health: An Integrated Approach for Exhibits Preservation and Ensuring Human Health". Sustainability 14, n.º 4 (21 de febrero de 2022): 2462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042462.
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The quality of the indoor microclimate in museums is a problem of great interest to the contemporary society, given that it is in close connection with the health and comfort of visitors and employees, as well as with the integrity of the exhibits. Taking into account the fact that museums are places that have a special role in the community’s life and therefore attract a very large number of visitors of all ages, a very important issue is to determine the degree of safety that the indoor microclimate presents. Thus, the quality of the indoor microclimate was investigated inside an iconic museum in Romania, dating back to the 19th century, because pollutants from external or internal sources of the building, generated secondary, often anthropogenic, as a tendency to defend/adapt to climate change (CC), contribute to both local and regional pollution, but also lead to challenges in identifying links between air quality (AQ) and and climate change (CC). The methodology used was based on monitoring the main parameters of the microclimate (temperature, relative humidity and CO2) over a period of between October 2020 and March 2021, 21 weeks, as well as on determining the microbiological contamination of the air and some indoor exhibits located in three different areas of the museum. At the same time, the study aims to identify cheap, easy to implement and non-invasive solutions for removing fungi identified on exhibits for long-term preservation and reducing the risk of various pathologies in humans following prolonged exposure. The results obtained show that the indoor microclimate in the old heritage building favours the development of fungi, which have a high degree of contamination of the air (over 800 CFU/m3) and of the exhibits, representing a potential risk for the health of the visitors and museum workers. Thus, six species of yeast and five different fungi genera were identified in the air, while on the exhibits were individualised six fungi genera, a species of yeast and a bacterium. The most viable solution for cleaning materials, prolonging their lifespan and reducing the risk of disease in humans was represented by the use of essential oils (EO). Three essential oils (lavender, mint and lemon) were applied on an exhibit with five different microorganism genera, and it was observed that they have the ability to inhibit the spores from moulds and bacteria, being a very good alternative to the usual chemical treatments that are used in the cultural heritage field.
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Fabbri, Kristian. "Historic Climate in Heritage Building and Standard 15757: Proposal for a Common Nomenclature". Climate 10, n.º 1 (6 de enero de 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10010004.
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Research on the relationship between microclimate and heritage buildings or historic buildings has increased dramatically in the last few decades. Research has focused on indoor climate or indoor microclimate or the environment or micro-environment, and the field of these studies regards several variables, physical—air temperature, air speed, relative humidity—or chemical, dust, CO2, pollution, etc., all of which can have an effect or damage buildings or artifacts inside buildings. Moreover, all these variables should be monitored in a monitoring campaign following the standard EN 15757; in spite of this, scientific literature contains mistakes with regard to the words and objects of study. In this short contribution, the author proposes a common nomenclature in the research field of climate and microclimate in heritage buildings and heritage artifacts. A new nomenclature should be useful for the community of heritage scientists working on preventive measures to distinguish between climate and environment, or the object of study, e.g., the room (wall, wood structure, fresco, etc.) where the artifacts are or the air around them (painting, canvas, statue, piece of furniture, documents, books, etc.).
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Bulus, Markus. "EFFECT OF BUILDING ORIENTATION ON INDOOR MICROCLIMATE OF CLASSROOM BUILDINGS AT THE KADUNA STATE UNIVERSITY". Built Environment Journal 15, n.º 2 (30 de julio de 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/bej.v15i2.9705.
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Current studies have discussed the significance of building orientation to the building indoor micro-climate and highlighted the need for more empirical research in other to establish the best orientation for buildings. Other scholars have argued that the impact of building orientation is insignificant and varies from one climatic region to another. This study, therefore, examines two prototype classroom buildings at the Kafanchan campus of Kaduna State University –Nigeria. The main purpose of the study is to determine the effect of building orientation on the indoor micro-climatic performance of two classroom buildings. Three Hobo Weather Data Loggers (HWDL) were used to collect data in the selected case-studies, and the third one was used as a benchmark. The study showed a remarkable difference in the indoor microclimatic conditions of the two buildings. The air temperature in case-study (B) is 1oC to 2oC lower than that of case-study (A) in all the respective time intervals. Also, 2% to 4% relative humidity difference was observed in favour of case-study (B). In conclusion, case-study (B) has demonstrated a more favourable indoor micro-climatic performance than case-study (A), and future simulation studies towards understanding the indoor micro-climatic performances of all possible building orientation options such as North-East/South-West, North-West/South-East, North/South and East/West in other to ascertain the optimum option are recommended. Keywords: Buildings; Indoor Micro-climatic; Orientation; Performance
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Krawczyk, N. y P. Wojciechowska. "Analysis of indoor environment perceptions in the smart building". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2339, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2339/1/012019.
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Abstract Thermal comfort is of fundamental importance for people staying in a closed environment. The article focuses on research on thermal comfort in a smart building. The study was performed using two methods. The first method with the Testo 400 microclimate meter, the second method with anonymous questionnaires. The microclimate meter made it possible to measure air parameters (including temperature, humidity, speed, CO2 concentration). The anonymous poll included questions about the thermal sensations vote, thermal preferences, thermal acceptability vote, air humidity and humidity preferences vote. Students from Poland, faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, participated in the study. The research showed that the respondents preferred lower thermal conditions with the temperature range from 22.4 °C to 25.1 °C. The percentage of the students who found the conditions as unsatisfactory - has exceeded the permitted 10% range.
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Juhasova Senitkova, Ingrid. "Interior Materials Combination and Perceived Indoor Air Quality". MATEC Web of Conferences 279 (2019): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927903001.
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The materials used in the buildings, either as surface structural materials or as furnishings, are mostly the sources of indoor air pollution. Interior surfaces are generally accepted as the main source of indoor TVOCs emissions. The poor indoor microclimate quality can cause the sick building syndrome, as well as negatively affects the people activities and wellbeing. In recent years the needs of indoor air quality and building performance improvement have been increasing. The indoor materials impact on perceived indoor air quality for various surface interior materials and its combination was studied within this paper. Traditional and progressive materials comparison reveals new fact regarding the TVOCs concentration. The task of the study was to investigate the possibility using individual material surfaces sorption ability. The chemical analysis and sensory assessments identifies health adverse of indoor air pollutants (TVOCs). Also we can use knowledge about the targeted use of sorption effect already in the building design phase. The results demonstrate the various sorption abilities of various indoor materials as well as various sorption ability of the same indoor material in various combinations.
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Fu, Wei Hong y Shi Jun You. "Investigation on Air Quality in Strawberry Greenhouse under Natural Ventilation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (octubre de 2014): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.382.
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The effect of the air inlet and the air outlet of the strawberry greenhouse are very significant to the microclimate in greenhouse under the conditions of natural ventilation. This paper studied the numerical simulation and experiment of indoor temperature field of the strawberry greenhouse with natural ventilation in different areas of air inlet and air outlet. The impact of the natural ventilation on the microclimate of strawberry greenhouse has been explored. The results indicated that the air velocity and temperature in the air inlet effected on the temperature distribution within the greenhouse, and the temperature near the air inlet was susceptible to the outdoor environmental parameters. The general trend of the variation of the indoor temperature in the greenhouse decreased with increasing the sizes of the air inlet and the air outlet. The overall trend of temperature gradient is similar within the greenhouse.
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D’Ovidio, Maria Concetta, Simona Di Renzi, Pasquale Capone y Armando Pelliccioni. "Pollen and Fungal Spores Evaluation in Relation to Occupants and Microclimate in Indoor Workplaces". Sustainability 13, n.º 6 (13 de marzo de 2021): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063154.
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Indoor air quality depends on many internal or external factors mutually interacting in a dynamic and complex system, which also includes indoor workplaces, where subjects are exposed to many pollutants, including biocontaminants such as pollen and fungal spores. In this context, the occupants interact actively with their environment through actions, modifying indoor environmental conditions to achieve their own thermal comfort. Actions such as opening/closing doors and windows and turning on/off air conditioning could have effects on workers’ health. The present study explored the contribution of human occupants to pollen and fungal spore levels in indoor workplaces, combining aerobiological, microclimate, and worker monitoring during summer and winter campaigns. We evaluated the overall time spent by the workers in the office, the workers’ actions regarding non-working days and working days, and non-working hours and working hours, during two campaigns of pollen and fungal spore monitoring. Our results showed that the biocontaminant values depend on many mutually interacting factors; hence, the role of all of the factors involved should be investigated. In this regard, aerobiological monitoring should be a valid tool for the management of occupational allergies, providing additional information to improve occupational health protection strategies.
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Kalibatas, Darius, Mindaugas Krutinis y Milda Viteikienė. "MULTI-OBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF MICROCLIMATE IN DWELLING". Technological and Economic Development of Economy 13, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2007): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2007.9637772.
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When the customers’ demands grow, it becomes topical to evaluate peculiarities of inside climate of a building. This article describes building's indoor microclimate research. The results are commented and compared to valid hygienic standards. Deflections from standards are explained and there is an information on how to avoid them. Multi‐objective analysis is done to get rational variant using gained results of research. These researches are necessary to get to know about the condition of inside climate of a building.
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Hlaing, Thet Su y Shoichi Kojima. "Influence of Roofing Material on Indoor Thermal Comfort of Bamboo House". International Journal of Engineering and Technology 13, n.º 2 (mayo de 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2021.v13.1188.
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In built environment, there is renewed interest towards the local building material, which is cost-effective, environmental-friendly, and best suited to the local climate. In this framework, the study will be emphasized the impact of local roofing materials on indoor thermal comfort of Bamboo house in a warm and humid region of Myanmar. In practice, Bamboo houses with different roofing materials were monitored with seven sensor points at outdoor and indoor to observe its thermal performance. By regarding microclimate conditions, the performance of different roofing materials on the indoor environment will be analyzed by statistical analysis based on the thermal comfort index. The result shows indigenous roofing material has less thermal conductivity impact on indoor thermal comfort than the other roofing materials. Moreover, the double roof, which is made of a combined layer of Dani and GI sheet, keeps the room with moderate thermal comfort for almost the whole day. The result of this study will propose suitable roofing material of Bamboo House and the required period to operate an air-conditioner with an extensive explanation to lead the reduction of Energy Consumption in further.
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Florescu, Oana, Pavel Ichim, Lucian Sfîcă, Adriana-Lucia Kadhim-Abid, Ion Sandu y Monica Nănescu. "Risk Assessment of Artifact Degradation in a Museum, Based on Indoor Climate Monitoring—Case Study of “Poni-Cernătescu” Museum from Iași City". Applied Sciences 12, n.º 7 (24 de marzo de 2022): 3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073313.
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Preservation of the cultural heritage of museums includes measures to prevent degrading effects induced by air temperature and humidity factors which are difficult to control. The present paper includes a synopsis of values of air temperature and relative humidity characterizing the indoor climate of the “Poni-Cernătescu” Museum of Iași, Romania for a period of one year. The objective of this research was to describe the museum microclimate and to identify and analyze the degradation risk of museum artifacts in order to study the impact of hygrothermal indoor and outdoor loads on indoor microclimate parameters. To achieve the objective, the following activities were carried out: acquisition of data on the relative humidity and the temperature of indoor and outdoor air; analysis of data with climate analysis tools and statistical methods; and transformation of data into quantitative and qualitative numerical measures of collection decay risks. The collected data enabled us to accurately describe the indoor climate conditions of the analyzed building. The main conclusions of the assessment were that the May–July period represented the interval with the highest degradation risk for all types of cultural assets (wood, leather, photos and paintings); this occurred because of the combination of a high amount of water vapor and high air temperature conditions. Based on charts and tabular data, this study presents the evolution of two parameters of internal microclimate, air temperature and relative humidity, and their correlation with external climate factors. The structural and functional parameters of the museum, the working levels of heating and air conditioning systems, the arrangement, the load, and the typological complexity of the artifacts displayed, were also considered in the analysis. The results obtained enabled us to develop useful recommendations to stabilize climate conditions inside the museum. Specific measures to mitigate the detrimental impact of the analyzed environmental factors are proposed. The results obtained show that in the basement, favorable conditions for mycelium growth occurred. In the summer months, across the entire museum space, the preservation indices were the lowest, from 20 to 25, so suitable conditions for storing the artifacts were not met.
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Jingga, Trinovita Z., M. Riza Nurtam, Hendra, Indra Laksmana, Amrizal, Jamaluddin y Hudia. "Effect of UV LED Intensity on The Growth of Red Lettuce in Indoor Hydroponics". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1097, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2022): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1097/1/012054.
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Abstract Microclimate control is increasingly widespread in limited agricultural environments. This is especially important for the cultivation of plants that tolerate significantly different thermal and hygrometric conditions. Nevertheless, there is much to be done in automation and control technology in this area to achieve the best results in both quantitative and qualitative terms of the product. This applies especially to horticultural crops that are sensitive to the cultivation environment and microclimate. This work aims to characterize the microclimate parameters in a confined agricultural environment with perforated ducts for air conditioning supply. For this work, a microclimate control unit was used instead of a lettuce crop. It was placed into a confined agricultural environment at different locations in the space to obtain the main microclimate parameters. After setting the input of the microclimate environment, the instrument measured a series of physical quantities (temperature, radiant temperature, humidity, and air velocity). Tests were carried out by taking the optimum day temperature constant for growing lettuce and by varying the supply airflow rate by setting the fan speed at 30%, 50%, and 80%. The results of these tests are essential for performing real-time control of the microclimate environment and for managing parameters for optimization of the entire system. In addition, the air velocity test showed adequate velocity reduction and good air mixing. The values obtained are generally acceptable for indoor cultivation and the conditions created are suitable for growing plants in such an environment. Light is an essential need for plants so that plants can carry out the photosynthesis process properly. In indoor DWC hydroponics system, the source of UV light is LED lights for plants. Some of the advantages of using LED light include a small light spectrum, less heat production, low power consumption, and wavelengths of 660 m and 450 m that are needed by plants. This research project aims to create a DWC hydroponic system for growing red lettuce in an indoor hydroponics and see the effect of LED grow light on the growth of red lettuce. DWC hydroponics uses AB-Mix nutrients that are channeled through inch PVC pipes using pump power. The hydroponic rack used has a height of 1.7 m and a width of 40 cm and has 3 shelves, where each shelf has 9 nutrient containers. The red lettuce plants in the DWC system were provided with different light treatments by installing shading nets with different percentages of light penetration, namely, 75%, 50%, and 0%. From the results of these treatments, the average yield of red lettuce was 300 grams on the top shelf, 400 grams on the middle shelf, and 600 grams on the bottom shelf.
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Frasca, Francesca, Elena Verticchio, Paloma Merello, Manuel Zarzo, Andreas Grinde, Eugenio Fazio, Fernando-Juan García-Diego y Anna Maria Siani. "A Statistical Approach for A-Posteriori Deployment of Microclimate Sensors in Museums: A Case Study". Sensors 22, n.º 12 (16 de junio de 2022): 4547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124547.
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The deployment of sensors is the first issue encountered when microclimate monitoring is planned in spaces devoted to the conservation of artworks. Sometimes, the first decision regarding the position of sensors may not be suitable for characterising the microclimate close to climate-sensitive artworks or should be revised in light of new circumstances. This paper fits into this context by proposing a rational approach for a posteriori deployment of microclimate sensors in museums where long-term temperature and relative humidity observations were available (here, the Rosenborg Castle, Copenhagen, Denmark). Different statistical tools such as box-and-whisker plots, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to identify microclimate patterns, i.e., similarities of indoor air conditions among rooms. Box-and-whisker plots allowed us to clearly identify one microclimate pattern in two adjoining rooms located in the basement. Multivariate methods (PCA and CA) enabled us to identify further microclimate patterns by grouping not only adjoining rooms but also rooms located on different floors. Based on these outcomes, new configurations about the deployment of sensors were proposed aimed at avoiding redundant sensors and collecting microclimate observations in other sensitive locations of this museum.
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Pisello, Anna L., Veronica L. Castaldo, Cristina Piselli y Franco Cotana. "Coupling artworks preservation constraints with visitors’ environmental satisfaction: Results from an indoor microclimate assessment procedure in a historical museum building in central Italy". Indoor and Built Environment 27, n.º 6 (22 de febrero de 2017): 846–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17694422.
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Historical buildings represent one-third of the Italian stock and are often used as museums. Such buildings typically are not equipped with control systems and indoor microclimate does not guarantee a proper conservation of the building finishing and artworks. Additionally, conditions are far from visitors’ ideal indoor air quality (IAQ). This paper proposes a methodology for microclimate analysis that deals with artworks preservation and occupants' conditions optimization. The methodology consists of monitoring and data analysis using non-invasive equipment for the preservation of the building structure, artworks, and occupanst’ IAQ. To this aim, the monitoring of an Italian building was performed. The microclimate was monitored to characterize the environmental quality of the investigated area. Around 60% of the relative humidity values were higher than the target for occupants’ well-being and artworks preservation. Air temperature was stabilized by the thermal mass of the envelope, to reduce winter overcooling risks though. In winter, indeed, up to 40% of temperatures were below the limits for the artworks preservation. The CO2 level was acceptable as it was always below 1000 ppm. The results showed how a careful control and monitoring protocol is needed when heritage buildings are used for artworks preservation and also with a requirement to meet occupants’ satisfaction targets.
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Mykhalko, O., M. Povod, T. Verbelchuk, S. Verbelchuk, O. Sherbina, O. Mironenko y S. Ulyanko. "Productivity of sows and growth of piglets during the use of different indoor microclimate systems". Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, n.º 1(170) (24 de junio de 2022): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2022-170-1-65-74.
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The aim of the article was to study the dependence of reproductive qualities of sows of Irish origin and growth intensity of their piglets on the influence of technological and design parameters of the microclimate system in the farrowing room. The material of the study was the F 1 sows of the Hermitage Genetics maternal line, which were reared in two sections for farrowing of identical planning, identical construction execution and engineering and technical support, except for the microclimate creation and maintenance systems installed in them. The sows of the control group were kept under the classical valve-type ventilation system, and the sows of the experimental group were kept under the geothermal ventilation system. The analysis of reproductive indicators of the experimental population was carried out using generally accepted statistical methods, one way analysis of variance, evaluation index for a limited number of traits, selection index of reproductive qualities of sows. At the end of the experiment and based on the evaluation of data, it was found that the productivity of sows whose farrowing took place in rooms with geothermal microclimate system, were significantly higher during the study period in the number of piglets at weaning – by 0.70 heads or 5.58% (p ≤ 0.001), their safety – by 4.49% (p ≤ 0.05) and the weight of the nest at weaning – by 2.91 kg or 4.23% (p ≤ 0.05) relative to peers kept in sections for farrowing with the classic valve type of microclimate system. The method of factor analysis of variance allowed to identify a statistically significant effect of the type of microclimate system on these indicators, namely: the number of piglets at weaning with an impact force of 2.01%, the safety of piglets – with an impact force of 2.03% and on the weight of the nest of piglets at weaning – with a force of influence within 2.01%. The results of the evaluation of the reproductive qualities of pigs showed the predominance of livestock kept under geothermal ventilation, both for the use of the evaluation index – by 1.31 points, and for the use of the selection index of reproductive qualities – by 1.33 points. No statistically significant difference between sows and piglets kept under different microclimate systems on indicators such as total number of piglets at birth, number of stillborn piglets, proportion of stillborn piglets, fertility, high fertility, weight of one head at weaning, absolute gain, average daily yield has not been established. Key words: sow, piglets, microclimate system, farrowing, piglet nest weight, safety.
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Zheng, Ruifeng, Yufeng Zheng, Lei Cong, Joon-Ho Choi y Hyun Jung. "Climate Adaptive Design Improvement Strategies of Traditional Dwellings in Southern Zhejiang for the Plum Rain Season Considering Comfort Conditions". Energies 13, n.º 6 (19 de marzo de 2020): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061428.
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This study investigated the adaptations of traditional dwellings to the complex regional microclimate in southern Zhejiang, China. Typical traditional dwellings in a village in the foothills and a village on the mid-slopes of Zhejiang’s alpine region were selected to study traditional construction strategies for climate responsiveness and the comfort level of indoor environments during the very humid plum rain season in early summer. Fundamental analysis of the climate and architecture, a response analysis of the dwelling form, an occupants’ comfort satisfaction survey, and field measurements of indoor and outdoor thermal environmental parameters were performed. The traditional dwellings and their design strategies for various regional environmental factors were explored from the perspective of (1) regional climate-adaptive strategies, (2) the thermal, airflow, lighting, and acoustic qualities of the indoor environment, and (3) the occupants’ indoor environment satisfaction. The results indicated that traditional dwellings in southern Zhejiang incorporate strategies of various effectiveness in ensuring indoor comfort.
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Franzitta, Vincenzo, Angelo Milone, Daniele Milone, Salvatore Pitruzzella, Marco Trapanese y Alessia Viola. "A Case Study to Evaluate the Indoor Global Quality". Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (diciembre de 2013): 1054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1054.
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This paper proposes two complementary procedures for assessing the global quality comfort: the first one, prevalently objective, is based on the acquisition of microclimate measured data and computed subjective values; the second one, that is purely subjective, uses a questionnaire drawn from the ISO/DP 10551 Recommendation. An application to some lecture-halls and laboratories of the school is here showed.
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Lis, Anna y Zuzana Vranayova. "Safety of Use of the Buildings in the Aspect of the Indoor Environmental Quality". System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2019): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0041.
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AbstractSafety of use of the buildings refers i.a. to ensuring appropriate hygienic and sanitary conditions and also health conditions. According to the EU Directive on the energy performance of buildings, there is a need to define the conditions for the classification of objects in terms of indoor microclimate requirements. Evaluating the quality of the interior environment in buildings and specifying the requirements of people staying in them, first of all the values of thermal microclimate parameters and air quality should be taken into account. Long-term influence of disadvantageous of environmental conditions may cause or exacerbate many symptoms associated with abnormal functioning of the organism and lead to the weakness or illness. This phenomenon is called sick building syndrome, and the symptoms of the syndrome such as eyes and respiratory tract irritation, malaise, dizziness and headache or fatigue are linked to time spent in the building. The article presents the results of research on the condition of the interior environment in educational buildings, identifies factors affecting the formation of environmental conditions in the rooms and shows the influence of the interiors environment in buildings on the human body. The relationships between the basic parameters of the interior microclimate and the state of feeling satisfaction with the environmental conditions that surrounds the human are tracked. It was found that in many cases commonly used gravitational ventilation is not able to ensure the proper conditions of the interior microclimate, and the concentrations of carbon dioxide recorded in the tested rooms exceeded the applicable standards.
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Kriyt, Vladimir E., Yuliya N. Sladkova y Olga V. Volchkova. "Major problems of microclimate indicator measurements indoors of residential and public buildings and ways to solve them". Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 61, n.º 5 (12 de julio de 2021): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-5-334-339.
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Human health and efficiency are largely determined by the microclimate conditions and the air quality in residential, public and industrial buildings in which people spend a significant amount of time. The existing methods of measuring microclimate indicators largely do not correspond to the changed regulatory framework, do not fully reflect all the stages of measurements, have contradictions and inaccuracies, which leads to errors in the measurement and evaluation of the results obtained. The purpose of this study was to develop guidelines for measuring microclimate indicators in residential and public buildings, leveling the existing contradictions in the current documents and meeting modern requirements. The analysis of the current methodological documents regulating the requirements for measuring microclimate indicators was carried out, the main problems encountered by specialists during measurements and evaluation of laboratory and instrumental studies of the microclimate were identified and systematized. To date, the only methodological document in the field of microclimate for residential and public buildings is GOST 30494-2011 "Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters". This standard sets the requirements for the organization of control and allows to measure and evaluate the microclimate in almost any residential and public building. However, the standard presents requirements for measurement conditions that are practically unrealizable for many regions of Russia, unreasonably high requirements for measuring instruments (MI), which do not allow to take measurements by MI included in the State Register and having the appropriate scope of application, insufficient requirements for the criteria for the selection of premises and their preparation for an objective assessment of the microclimate parameters, inaccuracies in the presented formulas for calculating the resulting room temperature and inconsistencies in individual paragraphs of the document. There are also no requirements for processing and presenting measurement results. In this situation, the development of a methodology for measuring microclimate indicators in residential and public buildings is extremely relevant. This paper presents the main provisions of the developed draft methodology for measuring microclimate indicators in residential and public buildings at different stages of operation of research objects. The developed procedural guidelines determine the order, conditions for carrying out and minimum scope of instrumental control required for microclimate parameters in residential and public buildings that meet the requirements of sanitary legislation. In the process of procedural guidelines development inconsistencies and discrepancies of current procedural documents were considered as much as possible.