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Thierry, Maxime. "Developing and enriching a guidance library for the Earth Observation Satellite MicroCarb". Thesis, KTH, Rymdteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235970.
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My Master Thesis takes place in the context of the MicroCarb mission. The goal of this mission is to identify the sinks and the sources of carbon dioxide on Earth in order to map them and to improve the knowledge of its cycle. To fulfill this mission, some particular guidance modes must be implemented in order to study their feasibility. My thesis consisted in defining and enriching the algorithms used to define the guidance laws, by implementing new tools and a new guidance law, and studying the induced performances in terms of data acquisition and with respect to the constraints related to the satellite. Alongside with this mission, the implementation of those elements support the development of the guidance library POLARIS, actual in its early phase, which is at first only dedicated to MicroCarb but which is intended to become multimissions. First, I describe the CNES as well as the guidance team I worked in. Then, the context of the Master Thesis is introduced. Once the context is established we will focus on the first elements I have been working on, as part of the Dazzling studies. Indeed, the spectrometer used in MicroCarb is very sensitive and has to be maintained at very low temperature. Thus the passive cooling mechanism must be protected from the Sunlight and from the light reflected by the Earth. I had to use a class of the Space mechanics library PATRIUS, called Assembly, in order to materialize the satellite and its numerous parts. Once implemented, I was able to perform some Dazzling Studies, highlighting some issues with the various strategies that were considered, and opening new perspectives. Moreover, a problem was detected on a crucial function of the guidance laws calculator. Once a new function was compiled, I had to made a cross validation using Scilab, and results were positive. This part will end with a Geometric Cape study, realized in order to quantify the influence of the satellite, and the MCV roll, over the Geometric Shifting. In the second part, we will introduce a guidance law which was not implemented initially, and on which I had to work during the last weeks of the thesis: The City mode. Although this mode is similar to an existing calibration mode, it has its own characteristics I had to take into account. The code for this acquisition mode worked well, but the results were not satisfying, considering the Dazzling problem and the kinematic constraints. Thus new strategies had to be considered, and more particularly the 2-scans mode. This mode brought a lot of satisfactions, but there is still more work to be done. This report ends with a general conclusion about my work and some perspectives which could be considered for future studies. I also present my personal contribution and some encountered difficulties I had to deal with.Examensarbetet fokuserade på rymduppdraget MicroCarb. Målet med detta uppdrag är att identifiera koldioxidsänkor och -källor på jorden för att kartlägga dem och förbättra kunskapen om deras cykler. För att uppfylla detta uppdrag måste vissa specifika styrningsmoder implementeras för att studera uppdragets genomförbarhet. Detta bestod i att definiera och förfina de algoritmer som användes för att definiera siktningslinjer, genom att implementera nya verktyg och en ny styrning samt studera prestandan när det gäller datainsamling och utifrån begränsningar hos satelliten. Detta uppdrag stöder utvecklingen av vägledningsbiblioteket POLARIS, i dess tidiga fas, som i första hand är avsedd för MicroCarb men som också är avsett att användas i flera kommande uppdrag. Arbetet inleds med en beskrivning av CNES, där examensarbetet utfördes, samt den grupp jag arbetade inom. Därefter presenteras motivation och sammanhanget. Sedan inriktas fokus mot de första elementen jag har arbetat med som en del av de bländande studierna. Spektrometern som används i MicroCarb är mycket temperaturkänslig och måste hållas vid mycket låg temperatur. Således måste den passiva kylmekanismen skyddas mot solljus samt från det ljus som reflekteras från jorden. En klass inom rymdmekanikbiblioteket PATRIUS, kallad Assembly, användes för att modellera satelliten och dess många delar. Därefter utfördes preliminära bländande studier, med fokus på några problem med de olika styrningsstrategier som föreslagits, vilket öppnade nya perspektiv. Dessutom upptäcktes ett problem med en avgörande funktion i siktlinjens räknare. När en korrigerad funktion sammanställts, utfördes en korsvalidering med mjukvaran Scilab, och resultaten var positiva. Denna del avslutas med en geometrisk studie för att kvantifiera påverkan av satelliten och instrumentrullningen på den geometriska skiftningen. Den andra fasen i arbetet var implementering av en ny funktionalitet kallad Stadsläget. Även om det här läget liknar ett befintligt kalibreringsläge, har det egna egenskaper som måste tas hänsyn till. Beräkningskoden för detta läge fungerade bra, men resultaten var inte tillfredsställande utifrån bländningsproblemet och kinematiska begränsningar. Därför beaktades nya strategier, i synnerhet ett nytt skanningsläget med två avskanningar. Detta läge gav bättre resultat, men behöver utvecklas ytterligare. Rapporten avslutas med förslag på fortsatt arbete och personliga reflektioner.
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Taupin, Quentin. "Level 1 processing algorithms of MicroCarb microsatellite : Performance assessment of ISRF in-flight estimation through new algorithms". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293979.
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Facing global warming and its dramatic consequences, it is now of the utmost urgency to improve our understanding of the carbon cycle mechanisms through which global climate change unfolds. The MicroCarb mission will allow to accurately monitor CO2 global sources and sinks over the entire surface of the Earth. It is the first space mission of its kind in Europe, and it gained support from the French government during COP21 in Paris in December 2015. MicroCarb's payload includes a passive SWIR (Short-Wave lnfraRed} echelle grating spectrometer that measures the solar flux reflected by the Earth. By observing specific high-resolution narrow band corresponding to CO2 and 02 absorption lines, one can estimate the carbon column integrated volume mixing ratio in the atmosphere with a random error up to 1 ppm (<0.250/o} and a regional bias up to 0.1 ppm (<0.0250/o}. This accuracy is limited by measurement errors, among them the ISRF (Instrument Spectral Response Function) knowledge error. ISRF are characterized through ground measurements but may evolve with mechanical vibrations during launch or thermal conditions changes along the orbit. The MicroCarb instrument design trade-off also induced a sensitivity of ISRF to the non-uniformity of the observed scene on Earth. ISRF are then re-estimated at each scientific measurement using ground characterized ISRF (Multi-reading ISRF processing). A way to mitigate errors of the Multi-Reading algorithm is to re-estimate ground characterized ISRF from flight data. The objective of this thesis is to assess the performance of in-flight estimation of Multi-Reading or ground ISRF through new algorithms. This thesis begins by showing the performances of the Optimal Matching Pursuit algorithm for approximating these ISRF. Indeed, it allows to reduce the data volume that will be used for ground segment processing. In a second part, this thesis evaluates the performances of new algorithms for estimating in-flight ISRF on different simulated data sets. Nevertheless, it is rather difficult to conclude on these performances without real datasets. The last part is devoted to the preparation of a cross-validation test using EM27 and MicroCarb sensors which is supposed to take place in April 2021. Part of this test aims to characterize ground ISRF using uniform illumination as obtained by looking at the sun. In particular, it is shown that the accuracy of this test clearly depends on EM27's spectral resolution which must be at least 0.1 cm-1, to almost reach the expected accuracy on the ISRF estimation.Med tanke på den globala uppvärmningen och dess dramatiska konsekvenser ar det nu ytterst brådskande att förbättra vår förståelse för koldioxidcykelns mekanismer genom vilka globala klimatförändringar utvecklas. MicroCarb-uppdraget gör det möjligt att noggrant övervaka globala CO2 källor och sänkor över hela jordytan. Det är Europast första rymduppdrag i sitt slag och har fått stöd från den franska regeringen under COP21 i Paris i december 2015. MicroCarb: s nyttolast inkluderar en passiv SWIR (Short-Wave lnfraRed} echelle-gitterspektrometer som mäter solflödet reflekterat av Jorden. Genom att observera specifikt smalt band med en hög upplösning motsvarande CO2- och O2-absorptionslinjer, kan man uppskatta det kolkolonnintegrerade volymblandningsförhållandet i atmosfären med ett slumpmässigtfel upp till 1ppm (<0,25%) och en regional bias upp till 0.1 ppm (<0.025%). Denna noggrannhet begränsas av mätfel, bland dem ISRF (Instrument Spectral Response Function). ISRF kännetecknas av markmätningar men kan utvecklas med mekaniska vibrationer under uppskjutnings- eller termiska förändringar längs banan. Utbytet av MicroCarb-instrumentet inducerade också en känslighet av ISRF på grund av att den observerade scenen på jorden inte var enhetlig. ISRF uppskattas sedan vid varje vetenskaplig mätning med användning av markkarakteriserad ISRF (Multi-reading ISRF-behandling). Ett sätt att mildra fel i Multi-Reading algoritmen är att omvärdera mark karakteriserade ISRF från flygdata. Syftet med den här avhandlingen är att utvärdera prestandan för uppskattning under flygning av Multi-Reading eller mark ISRF genom nya algoritmer. Denna uppsats börjar med att visa Optimal Matching Pursuit-algoritmens prestationer i att tillnärma dessa ISRF. Detta tillåter en minskning av datavolymen som kommer att användas för bearbetning av marken. I andra delen utvärderar denna uppsats prestandan för nya algoritmer för att uppskatta ISRF under flygning på olika simulerade datamängder. Ändå är det ganska svårt att dra slutsatser på dessa föreställningar utan riktiga datasatt. Den sista delen ägnas åt beredningen av ett korsvalideringstest med hjälp av EM27- och MicroCarb-sensorer som är tänkt att äga rum i april 2021. En del av dessa test syftar till att karakterisera mark ISRF med enhetlig belysning som erhålls genom att titta på solen. I synnerhet visas det att noggrannheten för detta test helt klart beror på EM27: s spektrala upplösning, som måste vara minst 0,1 cm-1 for att nästan nå den förväntade noggrannheten i ISRF-uppskattningen.
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Tran, Duc Dung. "Etude du spectre d’absorption de l’oxygène en infrarouge proche et application à la télédétection des gaz à effet de serre dans l’atmosphère". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS354.
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Ce travail de thèse est dédié à l'étude du spectre d’absorption de l'oxygène à 1.27 μm, en soutien à la mission satellitaire MicroCarb. Dans la première partie, les spectres d'absorption des raies d'O2 élargies par air et auto-élargies ont d'abord été simulés. Leur ajustement à l'aide du modèle Nelkin-Ghatak dépendant en vitesse fournit des paramètres de forme de raies d'ordre élevé qui sont cohérents avec des valeurs déterminées expérimentalement. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la détermination des paramètres spectroscopiques de plus de quatre-vingts raies d'O2 élargies par air dans la bande 1.27 μm avec le même profil spectral, l’effet de mélange entre raies est également pris en compte. Des paramètres spectroscopiques obtenus mais aussi des coefficients d'absorption induite par collision (CIA) disponibles dans la littérature pour O2 ont ensuite été évalués en utilisant des spectres atmosphériques. Les résultats montrent une amélioration significative avec nos paramètres de raies, comparés à ceux des bases de données HITRAN et GEISA. Pour la CIA, les données existantes conduisent à des résultats similaires. Enfin, l’influence de l'élargissement des raies d’O2 par la vapeur d'eau dans la région de la bande A, et celle des nouvelles données spectroscopiques de l'oxygène dans la bande à 1.27 μm, sur la restitution des aérosols sont étudiées en utilisant des spectres simulés. Nous montrons que négliger l'élargissement des raies d’O2 par la vapeur d'eau mène à une très faible erreur sur les aérosols restitués. La sensibilité de la détermination des aérosols à la spectroscopie de l'oxygène est également relativement faible pour la bande de 1.27 μmThis work is dedicated to the study of the spectroscopy of oxygen at 1.27 μm, in support of the satellite mission MicroCarb. Firstly, absorption spectra of air- and self-broadened O2 lines were first computed using requantized Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Their fit using the quadratic speed-dependent Nelkin-Ghatak model provides high-order line-shape parameters that are consistent with experimentally determined values. The second part is devoted to the retrieval of the spectroscopic parameters of more than eighty lines of O2 broadened by air in the 1.27 μm band with the same model and the first-order line mixing. Validation of these line parameters, but also the Collision-Induced Absorption (CIA) coefficients available in literature for O2 were then performed and evaluated using the Spectroscopic Parameters And Radiative Transfer Evaluation calculation chain. The line parameters obtained in this thesis lead to much better agreement with measured spectra, compared to those obtained with the widely-used HITRAN and GEISA databases. The existing data of CIA coefficients lead to similar residuals, in rather good agreement with measurements. Finally, the first effects of line broadening by water vapor in the O2 A-band, and of the new oxygen spectroscopy data in the 1.27 μm band, on the retrievals of aerosols are studied using simulated spectra, for the same configurations of GOME-2 and MicroCarb measurements, respectively. The results show that neglecting the line broadening of O2 lines by H2O produces a very small error on the retrieval results using the O2 A-band. The sensitivity of the aerosol retrieval to O2 spectroscopy is relatively low for the 1.27 μm band
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Peroutka, Ondřej. "Verifikace digitálního obvodu Microcore GNSS Baseband". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377086.
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The topic of the master´s thesis is to verify Acquisition Engine and Tracking Engine in the Microcore GNSS Baseband digital circuit from Honeywell. Theoretical part contains a brief introduction into the satellite position determination, basic principles of the verified blocks is given and UVM methodology is introduced. Practical part contains requirements, test cases and test procedures. The verification environment is also described. In the last part of the thesis is the verification process and it´s results.
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Melo, Gabriel Augusto Martins de. "Desenvolvimento e morfoanatomia dos frutos de Attalea microcarpa Mart. (Arecaceae - Arecoideae)". Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3623.
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Palms have a great relevance into Amazon ecosystem, to understand the relationships between palms and environment we describe the morphoanatomical aspects of the development of the fruits of Attalea microcarpa Mart at Private Reserve of Natural Heritage Sítio Bons Amigos, BR-174, ramal DNER, Km 15, Manaus, AM.. The Attalea microcarpa s fruit development takes 280 days, started with spathe and finish with fruit dispersal. The staminate flower has three sepals, three petals, 9-15 stamens and a vestigial gynoecium. The pistillate flower is just like a young fruit, with three petals and three sepals, gynoecium syncarpous with short stylus and trifurcated stigma, superior ovary, tricarpellate, trilocular, containing one egg in each locule. It presents four levels of tissue organization in cross section, these being distinguished by the position of the vascular bundles. The gynoecium reacted to lipid content, mucilages and pectin. The fruit is a fibrous drupe, epicarp simple, tortuous and the cuticle its cover of epicuticular waxes form reddish indumentum. The mesocarp has three distinct layers, first near the epidermis composed of fibrous bundles which differentiate into fibrovascular bundles as the fruit ripens. The second mesocarp layer is completely parenchymatous and have reserved of starch grains and lipids. The layer is composed of many fibrovascular bundles that divides the fleshy mesocarp of the endocarp. The endocarp in young fruit is soft and gelatinous, passing through a process of centrifugal and basipetal hardening. The seed begins to form shortly after fertilization, at 40 days it is possible to visualize the formation of the tegument, which will adhere to the endocarp forming pyren. The endosperm remains in core until about 80 days when it is already possible to see the early formation of the walls and from 140 days its solid. The endosperm reserves are composed primarily of lipid compounds. The characteristics of Attalea microcarpa morphoanatomic associated with the biological aspects of the plant are of important relevance to understanding the taxonomy and plant interactions in the environments in which it occurs, and generate support for further studies on the diversity of the group.
Diante da importância das palmeiras dentro do ecossistema amazônico e da necessidade de compreender as relações destas com o ambiente foi tratado os aspectos morfoanatômicos da formação e do desenvolvimento dos frutos de Attalea microcarpa Mart., O estudo foi realizado em ambientes de baixio e campinarana, na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Sítio Bons Amigos, BR 174, ramal DNER, Km 15, Manaus, AM. O processo de formação dos frutos de Attalea microcarpa Mart. leva em torno de 280 dias, iniciando-se com o lançamento da espata e terminando com a dispersão do fruto. A flor estaminada possui 3 sépalas, 3 pétalas, 9-15 estames e um gineceu vestigial. A flor pistilada tem a forma de um fruto jovem, com 3 pétalas e 3 sépalas gineceu sincárpico com estilete curto e estigma trifurcado, ovário súpero, tricarpelar, trilocular, contendo um óvulo em cada loja. Apresenta quatro níveis de organização dos tecidos em corte transversal, sendo estes diferenciados pela posição dos feixes vasculares. No gineceu há conteúdo lipídico, mucilagem e compostos pécticos. O fruto é uma drupa fibrosa, com o epicarpo uniestratificado, tortuoso e a cutícula é encoberta de ceras epicuticulares que formam um indumento avermelhado. O mesocarpo apresenta três estratos distintos, um subepidérmico composto por feixes fibrosos a fibrovasculares conforme a maturação do fruto. O segundo estrato é totalmente parenquimático e tem reserva de amido e lipídeos. A terceira camada é composta por feixes fibrovasculares que divide o mesocarpo carnoso do endocarpo. O endocarpo no fruto jovem é macio e de consistência gelatinosa, passando por um processo de endurecimento basípeto e centrífugo. A semente começa a se formar logo após a fecundação, aos 40 dias já é possível visualizar a formação do tegumento, este irá aderir ao endocarpo formando o pireno. O endosperma permanece em estado nuclear até aproximadamente 80 dias e a partir de 140 dias está solidificado. A reserva do endosperma é basicamente compostos lipídicos. As características morfoanatômicas de Attalea microcarpa associada aos aspectos biológicos da planta são úteis para a compreensão da taxonomia e das interações da planta dentro dos ambientes em que ocorre, assim como gera subsídios para novos estudos acerca da diversidade do grupo.
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Greaves, Sheila. "The organization of microcore technology in the Canadian southern interior plateau". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30975.
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The purpose of this research is to construct and test a model of the organization of microcore technology, a standardized core technology, within the subsistence-settlement system of prehistoric, semi-sedentary hunter-gatherers. The study of technological organization involves investigation of why a society selects particular tool designs, and how it structures the manufacture, use, maintenance and discard of tools and associated debitage across the landscape. The model tested here associates the use of microcore technology with a design for a maintainable and transportable tool assemblage which conserves lithic material, and with a regional distribution focused on residential camps as the locus of microcore manufacture and microblade production and use. The model is tested through a comparative case study of archaeological tools and debitage from microlithic and non-microlithic sites in two upland valleys in the British Columbia Southern Interior Plateau. Research hypotheses and corresponding test implications are evaluated with data and analyses relating to core reduction and tool production stages, to tool use, and to activity area patterning within the sites. Results of hypothesis testing indicate that the model only partially explains the role of this particular standardized core technology in the study areas. Microcore technology is found to be associated with high residential and logistical mobility; a transportable, expediently-used tool assemblage; and the conservation of a specific raw material in one valley. Thus, this research proposes that microcore technology was a standardized technology which was variable in design goals and distribution, even within the same geographically and ethnographically defined region.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Wang, Rong. "The fig wasps associated with Ficus microcarpa, an invasive fig tree". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6918/.
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Fig trees and their pollinating fig wasps represent one of the most species-specific mutualistic systems with a long history of co-evolution. Besides the pollinators, figs are also exploited by numerous non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFW). A few fig trees have become established outside their native ranges, and Ficus microcarpa, a monoecious fig tree, has become widely invasive, due to the widespread introduction of its specific pollinator, Eupristina verticillata. In this thesis, a global study was carried out to unravel the distribution and community structure of fig wasps associated with F. microcarpa. The work also examined which NPFW are potential bio-control agents and whether the plant is invasive due to reduced seed and pollinator predation in its introduced range (the 'enemy release' hypothesis). At least 43 fig wasp species utilize F. microcarpa figs with more than 20 species present in the plant's introduced range. In newly established NPFW populations, a lack of male fig wasps at low population densities can cause Allee-like effects for fig wasps, but inter-specific facilitation is able to mitigate them. Generally, parasitoids were far less diverse than phytophages in the tree's introduced range with significant latitudinal effects on species richness. We unraveled the food web of fig wasps where sycoryctines (Pteromalidae) were parasitoids of agaonids, and eurytomids were parasitoids of epichrysomallines. A large galler species, Meselatus bicolor, is independent of the pollinator and can suppress both male and female reproductive successes of figs via competition for nutrients and preventing pollinators from entering figs. It may be an ideal bio-control agent. Enemy release in the introduced range failed to increase the plant's seed production but benefited the pollinator, and the greater survival of pollinator larvae in more peripheral galls emphasises the role of parasitoids in maintaining the fig-pollinator mutualism in monoecious figs.
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Trenz, Cornelius Günter. "Klinische Evaluierung der Validität des nichtinvasiven Kapnometrie-Systems Microcap Plus". [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-60085.
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Spilleir, Davi de Pinho. "Microcr?dito e economia solid?ria ? Aspectos sustent?veis". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2018. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1191.
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Solidarity economy is an important way of production that seeks to promote solidarity, integration and synergy among its participants, who are owners and workers at the same time of these enterprises. However, due to several internal and external factors, these enterprises suffer to remain open and economically viable. The most severe and motivating factor of the greatest number of bankruptcies is the difficulty of obtaining credit. Given the relevance that survival has for all people participating in the solidarity economy, the objective of this work is to make a proactive contribution, identifying and validating elements that may be useful to projects of solidarity economy in relation to obtaining credit. For its accomplishment, as a methodology it is developed, starting from a bibliographical research, defined by periodicals and classic books of the themes, oriented by key words like solidarity economy, enterprise and credit, a research that allowed to find relevant elements, for the discussion in question. For the analysis of the identified elements a categorization was established in relation to the view of the actors involved, that is, the institutional vision, with external factors, and the user's view, with internal elements. The two visions eventually culminated in the elaboration of the propositional contribution. In order to validate such elements, it was followed in four different cases. As a result, it was concluded that the present work is useful for all those projects of solidarity economy that may eventually come up against credit problems.
A economia solid?ria ? uma importante maneira de produ??o que visa promover a solidariedade, integra??o e sinergia entre seus participantes, que s?o propriet?rios e trabalhadores ao mesmo tempo destes empreendimentos. Entretanto por diversos fatores tanto internos, como externos estes empreendimentos sofrem para se manterem abertos e economicamente vi?veis. O mais severo e que motiva o maior n?mero de fal?ncias ? a dificuldade de obten??o credit?cia. Tendo em vista a relev?ncia que a sobreviv?ncia tem para todas as pessoas que participam da economia solid?ria, o objetivo deste trabalho ? fazer uma contribui??o propositiva, identificando e validando elementos que possam ser ?teis a empreendimentos de economia solid?ria no que concerne ? obten??o de cr?dito. Para sua realiza??o, como metodologia desenvolve-se, a partir de uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica, definida por peri?dicos e livros cl?ssicos dos temas, orientada por palavras chaves como economia solid?ria, empreendimento e cr?dito, uma pesquisa que permitiu encontrar elementos relevantes, para a discuss?o em quest?o. Para a an?lise dos elementos identificados foi estabelecida uma categoriza??o em rela??o ? vis?o dos atores envolvidos, ou seja, a vis?o institucional, com fatores externos, e a vis?o de usu?rio, com elementos internos. As duas vis?es acabaram por culminar, finalmente, na elabora??o da contribui??o propositiva. A fim de se validar tais elementos, seguiu-se com a sua aplica??o em quatro casos distintos. Como resultado chegou-se a conclus?o de que o presente trabalho se apresenta como ?til para todos aqueles empreendimentos de economia solid?ria que venham eventualmente a se deparar com problemas credit?cios.
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Costa, Ruan Rodrigo Ara?jo da. "A rela??o entre desempenho e a forma legal das institui??es de microcr?dito". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/19669.
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O trabalho investigou a rela??o entre o desempenho e as formas legais adotadas por institui??es de microcr?dito (IMC?s). As IMC?s estudadas adotaram forma legal de banco, organiza??o n?o governamental, cooperativa, institui??o financeira n?o banc?ria ou banco rural. Os dados utilizados compreendem seis anos, de 2007 a 2012, com periodicidade anual. Foi empregado o modelo de regress?o em painel e vari?veis dummy representando as formas legais. Formaram a amostra 243 IMC?s de cinquenta pa?ses, origin?rios de todos os continentes do mundo, exceto a Am?rica do Norte. No trabalho, foi observado que IMC?s maiores conseguem lucros maiores, retornos maiores e ?ndices de autossufici?ncia operacional maiores, indicando que o crescimento pode levar ? consolida??o das IMC?s e que as IMC?s menores poderiam buscar fus?es os assimula??es com outras IMC?s para se consolidarem. Tamb?m foi observado que as cooperativas, as institui??es financeiras n?o banc?rias e os bancos rurais conseguem atender mais clientes, causando maior impacto na sociedade, e obter maiores retornos, indicando que as formas legais mais adequadas ao mercado de microfinan?as aparentemente s?o as cooperativas, institui??es financeiras n?o banc?rias e bancos rurais pois os resultados indicam que as IMC?s que adotam tais formas legais equilibram a orienta??o para o social e a busca por por maiores lucros.
This work test the relationship of performance and legal form of microfinance institutions (MFI), in our work MFI can be banks, non-governmental organizations (NGO), cooperatives, non-banks financial institutions (NBFI) or rural banks. We use linear regression model, panel data and variables dummy for the legal forms. Our samples are 243 MFI from all continents, except North America, in the period from 2007 to 2012. We found that bigger MFI generates higher profit, higher returns and higher self-sufficiency rates, so the growing can be a way for consolidation of MFI. For smaller MFI a way can be assimilation or merging with other MFI. Cooperatives, non-bank financial institutions and rural banks can serve more customers, causing greater impact on society, and get higher returns. This suggests the most appropriate legal form for microfinance market can be cooperatives, non-banks financial institutions or rural banks balancing social orientation and profit orientation.
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Мартиненко, Олександр Вікторович, Людмила Миколаївна Бондаренко, Олександр Карпович Міхєєнко y Ганна Володиміровна Ткачук. "Дослідження впливу різних силових чинників на напружено-деформований стан елементів гідропередачі". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2011. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/14751.
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Kratochvíl, Jaroslav. "Návrh designu vozu Mitsuoka Kit Car". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233971.
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A dissertation deals with small single-placed car body design (so-called microcar cathegory). The new design is based on the undercart and the engine of serial Mitsuoka Kit Car. Therefore the aim belongs to re-design tasks. Analytical part of the dissertation deals with two basic questions influencing the final draft. The Corporate identity at first and a problematic of the target group level of aesthetical perception linked to preferred design. On grounds of analysis the core values for new design have been set down. The particular values have been presented with the help of existing reference objects from the field of automotive design. This part also includes a questionnairy, which had been focused on prefered design conception. Due to low microcars topic awareness in Czech Republic, the questionnairy had informational character and the final design conception has been chosen on the base of functional aspects analysis. The final design development, shown on sketches and basic software renderings, is based on gradual steps that lead to the core values expression with regards to input parameters and basic design rules as well. The final design is introduced together with description of its technical solution and detailed design. The solution respects the mentioned target group and the institution Corporate Identity.
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Chen, Carl Gang 1972. "Microcomb fabrication for high accuracy foil x-ray telescope assembly and vector Gaussian beam modeling". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81532.
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Мартиненко, Олександр Вікторович, Ганна Володиміровна Ткачук y Антон Миколайович Ткачук. "Аналіз термопружної контактної взаємодії втулки з циліндром гідрооб'ємної передачі". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2010. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/14753.
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Cadieux, Gérard. "Influence of heat treatment on heat affected zone microfissuring in EB welded Microcast-X Inconel 718". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0027/MQ32068.pdf.
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Kobbi, May. "Développement et phénologie de "Ficus microcarpa L;f. " en Tunisie : impact sur la biologie de la reproduction". Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20239.
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En se basant sur la structure de l'arbre, nous avons etudie la phenologie de ficus microcarpa linn. F. En tunisie. Le desynchronisme phenologique global observe chez cette espece, n'est autre que la resultante de desynchronismes manifestes a l'echelle de l'arbre, le complexe reitere et les differentes categories d'axes. De plus cette etude montre qu'une espece de figuier est capable de maintenir, en dehors de son aire d'origine (asie du sud est), sa population de pollinisateur associe (parapristina verticillata). La valeur adaptative du desynchronisme intra-arbre dans la relation mutualiste figuier/pollinisateur est discute.
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Araujo, Allen da Costa. "A rela??o entre o microcr?dito e o capital social : o caso do CEAPE PI". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18291.
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Previous issue date: 2011-07-14This study consists of a study on the presence of relationship between social capital and solidarity groups to endorse the Center for Support to Small Businesses - CEAPE - PI, the capital was measured by confidence levels and associations, considering trust as the expectations want, and learned associations between people and how the interactions among members within a group and between groups. The central research question seeks to identify whether there are linkages between the levels of social capital and the profile of members of the solidarity group CEAPE-PI. The overall objective is to analyze the level of social capital and whether these vary with the change in the profile of the solidarity group members. The method adopted in perspective cross-examined the level of social capital found in 300 of solidarity group members, collected through a survey research related to the profile of the solidarity group members, obtained with the CEAPEPI. The data show that micro-credit groups have relatively high levels for most variables, but to relate to the profile of microcredit results demonstrate the interesting points of analysis
Este trabalho consiste em um estudo sobre a presen?a de rela??o entre Capital Social e os grupos de aval solid?rio do Centro de Apoio a Pequenos Empreendimentos - CEAPE PI, O capital social foi medido atrav?s dos n?veis de confian?a e associativismo, considerando confian?a como as expectativas desejadas e aprendidas entre as pessoas e o associativismo como as intera??es entre os membros dentro de um grupo e entre grupos. A quest?o central da pesquisa pretende identificar se h? rela??o entre os n?veis de capital social e o perfil dos membros de aval solid?rio do CEAPE-PI. O objetivo geral ser? analisar o n?vel de capital social e se estes variam conforme a mudan?a no perfil dos membros de aval solid?rio. O m?todo adotado analisou em perspectiva transversal o n?vel de capital social encontrado em 300 membros de aval solid?rio, coletados atrav?s de uma pesquisa survey relacionado com o perfil dos membros de aval solid?rio, obtidos junto com o CEAPE-PI. Os dados obtidos demonstram que os grupos de microcr?dito apresentam n?veis relativamente altos para a maioria das vari?veis estudadas, por?m, ao relacionar com o perfil de microcr?dito, os resultados demonstram pontos interessantes de an?lise
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Pilon, Am?lio Arcangelo. "Agroamigo e territ?rio: a evolu??o do programa de microcr?dito rural orientado no estado do Rio Grande do Norte entre os anos de 2005 e 2014". PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ECONOMIA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24458.
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Esta disserta??o teve por finalidade analisar como se deu a aplica??o e a evolu??o do programa de microcr?dito rural orientado Agroamigo no estado do Rio Grande do Norte e em seus territ?rios rurais e da cidadania. A partir de dados fornecidos pelo Banco do Nordeste do Brasil (BNB), fizemos cortes para an?lise de como se deu a evolu??o em termos de valores, distribui??o por g?nero e por atividade, em todo o estado e em seus territ?rios no per?odo entre os anos de 2005 e 2014 (primeiros 10 anos do programa). Para a an?lise, utilizamos o tratamento dos dados de todas as opera??es efetivadas no per?odo, juntamente com os m?todos econom?tricos de gr?ficos de dispers?o e seus mapas, e I de Moran e seus mapas. Tamb?m nos amparamos em entrevista com representante do programa. Como resultado da pesquisa, chegamos ? conclus?o que os munic?pios situados nos territ?rios do Serid? e Sert?o do Apodi aderiam melhor ao programa, que o territ?rio do Sert?o Central Cabugi / Litoral Norte apresentou os maiores ?ndices de prorroga??o de opera??es no per?odo, que nos munic?pios onde h? menor concentra??o de terras ? com maior numero de estabelecimentos rurais ? o programa apresentou n?o somente maior n?mero de opera??es como tamb?m n?meros constantemente crescentes de opera??es.
This work aimed to analyze how has been the use and development of the rural microcredit program targeting Agroamigo in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and its rural areas and citizenship. Based on data provided by the Banco do Nordeste do Brasil (BNB), it has made cuts to analyze how the evolution in terms of values, distribution by sex and activity throughout the state and its territories in the period between 2005 and 2014 (first 10 years of the program). For the analysis, we used the processing of all transactions performed during the period, as well as econometric methods of dispersion diagrams and their maps and I and their Moran maps. Also admitted it in the interview with the program representative. Due to the research we concluded that the counties in Serid? and Sert?o do Apodi territories better adhered to the program, as the territory Sert?o Central Cabugi / Litoral Norte registered higher turnover rates over the period, in counties where there is less land concentration - with more farms more - the program has not only increased the number of operations, as well as an ever-increasing number of operations.
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TAVARES, Adauto Maurício. "Montandoniola confusa Streito & Matocq (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae): biologia e predação de Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)". Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5921.
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Predatory bugs (Anthocoridae) are an important group for potential use in biological control of thrips. The pirate bug Montandoniola confusa (= moraguesi) Streito & Matocq (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is found preying on Cuban laurel thrips, Gynaikothrips ficorum, (Marchal) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). The aim of this work was to study the biology of M. confusa feeding on G. ficorum (its natural prey) and eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Sitotroga cerealella Oliver (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as factitious prey. The predator M. confusa showed lower nymphal duration when feeding on G. ficorum and A. kuehniella, and the egg production was 2.37 times greater when reared on G. ficorum. It was determined the predation rate of M. confusa preying upon different development stages of thrips, exposed separately or simultaneously for 48 hours. Estimated by the functional response model, the average predation rate was 110.5 eggs, 10.9 larvae/pre-pupae and 13.5 adults, when these stages were offered separately. Exposing simultaneously all stages of prey in the galls and in different proportions was observed higher predation rate on eggs with significant reduction in predation of larvae and adults, after increasing the availability of eggs. The presence of adults of thrips in galls having low density of eggs (less than 30 eggs per gall) did not affect the predation rate on eggs by M. confusa. However, at densities greater than 90 eggs per gall, the presence of adult thrips reduced by up to 50% the predation rate on eggs. It is concluded that M. confusa is specialized to prey on eggs regardless of the density of eggs, larvae or adults of thrips in the gall. Eggs of A. kuehniella and S. cerealella may be used to rear M. confusa, but with lower performance if compared to the natural prey. Among the available alternative prey, A. kuehniella have been shown to be the most suitable alternative prey species for rearing M. confusa.
Predadores Anthocoridae compõem um grupo de grande uso no controle biológico de tripes. O percevejo Montandoniola confusa (= moraguesi) Streito & Matocq (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) é encontrado predando o tripes Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) causador de galhas em fícus. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a biologia de M. confusa alimentado com G. ficorum, sua presa natural, e ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) e Sitotroga cerealella Oliver (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), consideradas presas alternativas. O predador M. confusa apresentou menor duração ninfal ao se alimentar de G. ficorum e de A. kuehniella, tendo sido sua oviposição foi 2,37 vezes maior quando criado com G. ficorum. Determinou-se também a predação por M. confusa nas fases de desenvolvimento do tripes, isolada ou simultaneamente. Quando ofertados isoladamente, a taxa de predação média foi de 110,5 ovos, 10,9 larvas/pré-pupas e 13,5 adultos do tripes, estimada pelo modelo de resposta funcional durante 48 horas de exposição. Na oferta de todas as fases do tripes simultaneamente nas galhas e em diferentes proporções, foi observada maior taxa de predação de ovos com significativa redução na predação de larvas e adultos com o aumento da disponibilidade de ovos. A presença de adultos do tripes em galhas com baixa densidade de ovos (< 30 por galha) não afetou a taxa de predação dos ovos por M. confusa. Contudo, em densidades superiores a 90 ovos por galha, a presença dos adultos do tripes na galha reduziu em até 50% a taxa de predação de ovos. Conclui-se que M. confusa é um predador preferencial de ovos, independentemente da densidade dos diferentes estágios presentes na galha. Ovos de A. kuehniella e S. cerealella permitem a criação do predador, mas com desempenho inferior quando comparado com a presa natural. Entre as presas alternativas, A. kuehniella foi a mais favorável para o desenvolvimento e reprodução de M. confusa.
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Santos, Luciana Guedes. "A import?ncia do microcr?dito para os empreendedores: um estudo com os grupos solid?rios de Fortaleza /CE". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12179.
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Previous issue date: 2010-10-25This study aims to understand the changes in the improvement of economic and social conditions of small entrepreneurs who participate in solidarity groups linked to the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) "X" in Fortaleza city, Cear?, through the use of productive-guided microcredit. It is come a research in exploratory and descriptive nature, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Data were collected from the small entrepreneurs by applying a questionnaire, as well as through structured interviews with group leaders. They were worked on issues relating to income generation, employment generation, housing and health conditions, dietary pattern and leisure activities of small entrepreneurs and their families before and after the union to solidarity groups and use of productive-guided microcredit. The research showed that the use of microcredit has interfered with social and economic life of these small entrepreneurs, generating positive effects
O estudo prop?e-se compreender as mudan?as ocorridas na melhoria das condi??es econ?micas e sociais de pequenos empreendedores que participam de grupos solid?rios ligados ? Organiza??o N?o Governamental (ONG) X , de Fortaleza/Cear?, mediante a utiliza??o do microcr?dito produtivo orientado. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de tipo explorat?rio e descritivo, com uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Os dados foram levantados junto aos pequenos empreendedores pela aplica??o de um question?rio, bem como atrav?s de entrevistas estruturadas, com os l?deres dos grupos. Foram trabalhadas quest?es referentes ? gera??o de renda, gera??o de emprego, condi??es de moradia, condi??es de sa?de, padr?o alimentar e atividades de lazer dos pequenos empreendedores e suas fam?lias, antes e depois da uni?o a grupos solid?rios e utiliza??o do microcr?dito produtivo orientado. A pesquisa evidenciou que a utiliza??o do microcr?dito interfere na vida econ?mica e social desses pequenos empreendedores, gerando efeitos positivos
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Silva, Di?go Rodrigues da. "Financeiriza??o do territ?rio: a capilaridade dos Programas Crediamigo e Agroamigo em Alagoas". PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM GEOGRAFIA, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22581.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Com ra?zes no processo de reestrutura??o banc?ria, iniciado na d?cada de 1990, os programas de microcr?dito produtivo e orientado Crediamigo e Agroamigo do Banco do Nordeste do Brasil integram um movimento recente de financeiriza??o das camadas sociais de menor renda. Sob a ?gide das pol?ticas de inclus?o financeira adotadas pelo Governo Federal, s?o criados mecanismos para ampliar o alcance social e territorial do microcr?dito que, atrav?s desses dois Programas se faz presente em todos os munic?pios do estado de Alagoas. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de explicar o processo de financeiriza??o do territ?rio a partir da capilaridade dos Programas Crediamigo e Agroamigo no estado de Alagoas. Afim de alcan?ar a meta proposta, adotou-se como vari?veis-chave dessa investiga??o, a t?cnica, a norma e a finan?a, entendidas como principais pilares do processo de financeiriza??o do territ?rio. Assim, partiu-se de uma an?lise das pol?ticas de amplia??o do acesso ao cr?dito, seguido de uma avalia??o da topologia dos fixos banc?rios e do exame do acesso aos programas de microcr?dito por meio de uma pesquisa emp?rica. Verificou-se que a flexibiliza??o normativa, a maior integra??o dos sistemas de movimento no territ?rio alagoano, aliados aos avan?os da telem?tica, possibilitaram a emerg?ncia de novos formatos organizacionais, que d?o suporte ? financeiriza??o do territ?rio pelos programas de microcr?dito do Banco do Nordeste no estado. Uma express?o desse processo, ? o compartilhamento da rede fixos entre os bancos oficiais, em complemento ? topologia das ag?ncias e postos do BNB, criando um canal de desembolso do microcr?dito em cada munic?pio do estado. Al?m disso, a capilaridade do Crediamigo e do Agroamigo se estrutura, sobretudo, na terceiriza??o de uma rede descentralizada de atendimento, atrav?s de uma parceria com o Instituto Nordeste Cidadania. A estrat?gia fundamenta-se no deslocamento de assessores de microcr?dito para operacionalizar os Programas nas localidades desassistidas por sua rede de fixos banc?rios. Por fim, foi reconhecida a inser??o e o papel dos agentes de microcr?dito na divis?o do trabalho n?o-banc?rio. Sua profus?o entre os diferentes lugares do estado o coloca como um importante mecanismo da capilaridade dos programas Crediamigo e Agroamigo nas zonas mais opacas do territ?rio alagoano.
Rooted in the bank restructuring process, started in the 1990s, the productive and oriented microcredit programs Crediamigo and Agroamigo from Banco do Nordeste do Brasil integrate a recent movement of financialization of the social stratum of lower income. Under the aegis of financial inclusion policies adopted by the federal government, mechanisms are created to broaden the social and territorial reach of microcredit that through these two programs is present in all cities of Alagoas. To this end, this research aims to explain the financialization process of the territory from the capillarity of Crediamigo and Agroamigo programs in the state of Alagoas. In order to achieve the proposed goal, it was adopted as variable keys of this research, the technique, the standard and finance, regarded as the main pillars of the territory financialization process. So it started with an analysis of the expansion of debureaucratization and access to credit policies, followed by an assessment of the bank fixed topology and physical access to programs through empirical research. It was found that the normative flexibility, the greater integration of motion systems present in the territory, combined with advances in telematics, made possible the emergence of new organizational formats, which support the financialization of the territory by microcredit programs of Banco do Nordeste in Alagoas. An expression that is the share of fixed network among government banks, in addition to the topology of the BNB agencies and offices, creating a micro-credit disbursement channel in each city in the state. But the reach of Crediamigo and Agroamigo is structured mainly on outsourcing of a decentralized service network, through a partnership with the Instututo Nordeste Cidadania. The strategy is based on the displacement of microcredit advisors to operate the programs in underserved locations through its network of fixed bank. Finally, the insert and the role of micro agents in division of the working non-bank has been recognized. Its profusion between different places in the state puts as an important mechanism of capillarity of Crediamigo and Agroamigo programs in the more opaque areas of Alagoas territory.
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佐藤, 一雄, 和雄 浅海, 元. 小林, 康郎 入江 y 光宏 式田. "結晶異方性エッチング解析システムMICROCADの開発(<小特集>マイクロマシン関連技術)". 電子情報通信学会, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12659.
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Ізюмкин, Петро Ілліч. "Автономний канал електроміографа з WI-FI модулем для робототехнічних систем". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/35930.
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Обсяг звіту становить 68 сторінок, міститься 42 ілюстрації, 6таблиць, 0 додатків. Загалом опрацьовано 34 джерела.
Впровадження роботехнічних комплексів в медичну практику і стимуляційних пристроїв визиває необхідність розробки пристроїв отримання керуючих сигналів.
Один з таких пристроїв є електроміограф, якій дозволяє ефективно оцінювати та аналізувати рухи кінцівок.
Для використання сигналу в якості керування, електроміограф повинен достатньо точно визначити зусилля м’яза і передати його у інформативному вигляді.
Дана розробка призначена отримання пристрою здібного зареєструвати, перетворити у більш інформативну форму і передати сигнал іншому приладу.
Мета ДР: Розробити і виготовити канал електроміографа з WI-FI модулем.
Задачі ДП:
– Розробити МТВ згідно чинних стандартів;
– Розробити принципові схеми елементів каналу;
– Спроектувати, виготовити та випробувати прототипThe volume of the report is 68 pages, contains 42 illustrations, 6 tables, 0 annexes. 34 references were used. The introduction of robotic systems in medical practice and stimulating devices necessitates the development of devices for receiving control signals. One such device is an electromyograph, which allows you to effectively assess and analyze the movements of the limbs. To use the signal as a control, the electromyograph must accurately determine the force of the muscle and transmit it in an informative way. This work is designed to solve this problem. Purpose: Develop and manufacture an electromyograph channel with a WI-FI module. Tasks: – Develop medical and technical requirements according to current standards; – Develop schematic diagrams of channel elements; – Design, fabricate and test a prototype
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Tófoli, Rodolfo José [UNESP]. "Avaliação de biocompostos e composição mineral de extratos provenientes de duas macroalgas lóticas do estado de São Paulo". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150494.
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No Brasil, há uma grande biodiversidade de espécies de algas lóticas, Dentre as mais conhecida, encontradas em rios e riachos da região sudeste do estado de São Paulo destaca-se a Oedogonium sp. e a Nitella microcarpa var. wrightii., dois gêneros de algas verdes. Entretanto, estudos de caracterização química de extratos destas algas ainda são inexistentes. Por esse motivo destaca-se a importância deste trabalho, o qual encontra-se subdivido em dois estudos. O primeiro teve por objetivo avaliar e quantificar compostos fenólicos e capacidade antioxidade de extratos de diferentes solventes da alga Oedogonium sp. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental de mistura para determinar a influência dos solventes e verificou-se qual desses apresentou melhor rendimento na extração desses compostos da alga em pó. O segundo estudo teve por objetivo realizar a caracterização de duas macroalgas verdes: Nitella microcarpa var. wrightii, e Oedogonium sp., através da obtenção de um extrato, com o melhor sistema de solventes obtidos no primeiro estudo. Desta forma, foi possível quantificar quanto a presença de minerais, flavonoides, umidade, carotenoides, compostos fenólicos e capacidade antioxidante. No primeiro estudo, os resultados sugeriram que a mistura acetona-etanol apresentou melhor rendimento de extração tanto para compostos fenólicos como à capacidade antioxidante. No segundo estudo, a alga Oedogonium sp. destacou-se por apresentar uma grande quantidade de carotenoides totais. Já a espécie Nitella microcarpa var. wrightii, obteve altos valores de minerais.
In Brazil, there is a great biodiversity of lotic algae species. Among the most well known species found in rivers and streams in the southeast region of the state of São Paulo is Oedogonium sp. and Nitella microcarpa var. Wrightii., Two genus of green algae. However, studies of chemical characterization of extracts of these algae are still non existent. For this reason the importance of this work is highlighted, which is subdivided in two studies. The first one had the objective to evaluate and quantify phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of extracts of different solvents of the algae Oedogonium sp. An experimental design of the mixture was used to determine the influence of the solvents and it was verified which of them presented better yield in the extraction of these compounds from the powdered seaweed. The second study aimed to characterize two green macroalgae: Nitella microcarpa var. Wrightii, and Oedogonium sp., by obtaining an extract, with the best solvent system obtained in the first study. In this way, it was possible to quantify the presence of minerals, flavonoids, moisture, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. In the first study, the results suggested that the acetone-ethanol-water mixture had a better extraction yield for both phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. In the second study, the alga Oedogonium sp. was characterized by a large amount of total carotenoids. The other alga, of the species Nitella microcarpa var. Wrightii, has achieved high mineral values.
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Bandeira, Carlos Idelfo Ara?jo. "Microcr?dito emancipat?rio no nordeste do Brasil? : estudo de caso do Crediamigo Comunidade nos munic?pios de Caucaia-Ce e Maranguape-Ce". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12112.
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Previous issue date: 2008-09-01This piece of work consists in a study case of Crediamigo Comunidade, a product from the portfolio of Crediamigo Program of Banco do Nordeste, that uses the methodology of the Comunitary Banks in the concession of low amount loan to poor communities. The main question consists to understand how the Crediamigo Comunidade is characterized faced to the conflict of emancipatory versus liberal paradigms, that exists in the microcredit area. The main objective will analyze how the mechanisms: social capital, empowerment, formation to credit education and better conditions for economic and social issues promoted in the specific objectives of this product, before the dipute between these paradigms. The method adopted analyzed, in a longitudinal perspective, the three years of the product s existence (jun/2005 to jul 2008). Primary and secondary data made possible to identify qualitatively, emancipatory and non emancipatory attributes in the actions and results of Crediamigo Comunidade. It is concluded that the Crediamigo Comunidade works in a liberal logic of the Crediamigo Program, consequently, his focus is not in the emancipation of the poorest clients. The empowerment is individual and not communitary or Freiriano ; the social capital relations enlarges itself in its bounding and bridging ties, but not in its linkage ties, to have access to politic actors and consequently communitary strengthen. All the formation in the Crediamigo is strictly commercial. These characteristics happen by the liberal paradigm in the Crediamigo management and of all of its products, including the Crediamigo Comunidade
Este trabalho consiste em um estudo de caso sobre o Crediamigo Comunidade, um produto do portf?lio do Programa Crediamigo do Banco do Nordeste, que utiliza a metodologia dos Bancos Comunit?rios na concess?o de empr?stimos de baixo valor para comunidades carentes. A quest?o central consiste em compreender como se caracteriza o Crediamigo Comunidade frente ao conflito de paradigmas Emancipat?rio versus Liberal existente no campo do microcr?dito. O objetivo geral ser? analisar as caracter?sticas dos mecanismos: capital social, empoderamento, forma??o educa??o para o cr?dito e melhoria das condi??es econ?micas e sociais fomentadas nos objetivos espec?ficos desse produto, diante da disputa entre tais paradigmas. O m?todo adotado analisou em perspectiva longitudinal, os tr?s anos de exist?ncia do produto (junho/2005 a junho/2008). Dados prim?rios e secund?rios permitiram identificar qualitativamente, atributos emancipat?rios e n?o emancipat?rios nas a??es e resultados do Crediamigo Comunidade. Conclui-se que o Crediamigo Comunidade funciona dentro de uma l?gica liberal do Programa Crediamigo, consequentemente, o seu foco n?o est? na emancipa??o dos clientes mais pobres dos pobres . O empoderamento ? individual e n?o comunit?rio ou freireano; as rela??es de capital social se ampliam nos seus la?os bounding e bridging, mas n?o nos seus la?os linkage, para ter acesso a atores pol?ticos e conseq?ente fortalecimento comunit?rio. Toda a forma??o no Crediamigo ? dentro de uma l?gica eminentemente comercial. Essas caracter?sticas se d?o pelo paradigma liberal na gest?o do Crediamigo e de todos os seus produtos, inclusive no Crediamigo Comunidade
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Haws, Kevin Scott. "Playable Cases as Authentic Practice in Online Classrooms". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8251.
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Playable cases are a new type of mixed-reality serious game (SG), combining elements of alternative reality games (ARGs) and education simulations to offer an immersive, transmedia story. Participants advance the plot through interactive gameplay and characters with the goal of creating products and experiencing real-world business situations. This study investigates the effectiveness of the playable case Microcore as a tool specifically for online writing instruction (OWI). Fifty students in online sections of a technical communication course participated in Microcore, in which they responded to pre- and post-survey questions and prompts directed at their perceptions about writing, understanding of workplace communication, and levels of engagement. Responses to the survey were collected, coded for thematic trends, and analyzed. Results from this survey study suggest that playable cases like Microcore may be effective at countering primary OWI difficulties, including disengagement, lack of social presence and humanity, faltering self-efficacy, and unclear, unproductive perceptions about writing assignments. Students responded positively to the playable case and appeared to develop more nuanced views about workplace communication and writing through this immersive narrative and interface.
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Liao, Anna. "Part A. Development, evaluation and application of a rotating mercury pool electrode based on the electrochemical centrifugal analyzer ; Part B. Development and application of a microcarbon fiber electrode... ; Part C. Development and application... /". The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148725825402032.
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SHEN, ZHI-CHEN y 沈志誠. "Studies on the fruit morphology, seed germination and seedling growth of ficus microcarpa linn. f. v. microcarpa". Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47214348287526181985.
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Looby, Matthew James. "Tree hollows, tree dimensions and tree age in Eucalyptus microcarpa Maiden (Grey Box) in Victoria". 2007. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2842.
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Eucalyptus microcarpa Maiden (Grey Box) is a common and widespread woodland and open forest in south-eastern Australia. In Victoria, it features prominently in woodlands throughout the southern, central and northern plains environments, and also in the box-ironbark forests of the Great Dividing Range. Temperate grassy woodlands have been extensively modified since European settlement of Victoria and consequently the native biodiversity associated with them has undergone a dramatic decline. Paramount to this decline has been the landscape-scale reduction in tree cover associated with agricultural clearing, which in some regions approaches 95% or pre-European extent. Similar to most other woodland tree species, E. microcarpa is today restricted to small remnant patches or relict individuals within agricultural landscapes where extensive stands once occurred.
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XIE, MEI-ZHEN y 謝玫真. "The symbiosis between fig wasps and ficus microcarpa L". Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31363855966500889487.
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HUNG, LI-FEN y 洪麗分. "The developmental changes of lenticels in Ficus microcarpa L. f". Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21107999865173148107.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
植物學系
81
The morphology and anatomy of lenticels on the branches and aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa L. f. were examined. The changes of lenticels after immersion and the ultrastructure and histochemistry for the developmental stages of lnticels on branches were also studied in the present work. The mature lenticels on the aerial roots and branches of Ficus microcarpa L. f. are mainly lens-shaped. The lenticels are centrifugally composed of phelloderm, lenticel phellogen, and several strata of complementary cell layers alternated with single closing layers. In the lenticel, several rows of radial arranged tannin cells were observed. Lenticel hypertrophy arised in the immersed internodes. It was characterized by the large and loosely interconnected thin- walled cells. The development of the lenticel could be devided into three stages: 1.the initiation and formation of lenticel phellogen; 2.the differentiation of the complementary cell and closing layer; 3.mature lenticel. With the histochemical tests the followings were investi- gated. The suberin was found to be located in the cell wall of mature precomplementary cells and the cells of closing layers. Lipid was detected both in the cytoplasm and cell wall of the cells of closing layer, but polysaccharide was found only in the thick walls of closing layers. The subcellular localization of acid phosphotase in the lenticel showed that acid phosphotase were mainly distributed in the cell wall, vacuoles against tonoplast, and dispersedly in plastid and cytoplasm of precomplementary cells, complemen- tary cells, lenticel phellogen as well as phelloderm. However, in the closing layer, acid phosphotase was detected only in the plasmodesmata.
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Huan-You, Lin y 林煥祐. "Studies on the Constitutions of the Leaves of Ficus microcarpa". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35587528452446136239.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
91
Abstract The leaves of Ficus microcarpa L. f. were extracted with methanol. The extract was concentrated in vacuo to yield a residue which was suspended in water, and this phase was partitioned with ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate layers afforded a black syrup which was separated by open column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, flash column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and recrystallization to afford 34 compounds. Among these compounds, three are new compounds, including one novel skeletons were elucidated. These compounds are classified to 15 triterpenoids, 3 sterols, 7 aromatics, 3 flavonoids, 1 diterpenoid, and 5 others. Three new compounds are shown as follows: 3-Oxo-20a-hydroxy-19(29)-taraxastene(TA1) 3,20-Dioxo-30(20→19)abeolupane(LU4) 3,19,20-Trioxo-19,20-secoursane(UR5) the other compounds are as follows: Betulin(LU1) Betulinic acid(LU2) 3b-Hydroxy-20-oxo-30(20→19)abeolupane(LU3) Erythrodiol(OL1) 3b,15a-Diol-12-oleanen(OL2) 3b-Hydroxyolean-18-en-28-oic acid(OL3) 3b-Hydroxy-11-oxo-12-oleanene(OL4) Squalene(LI1) 3b-Acetoxy-urs-12-ene(UR1) 3b-Hydroxy-11a-methoxyurs-12-ene(UR2) 3b-Hydroxy-11-oxo-12-ursene(UR3) 3b-Hydroxy-9(11),12-ursadiene(UR4) b-Sitosterol(ST1) Stigmast-4-en-3,6-dione(ST2) 6b-Hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one(ST3) (±)-5,7-Dimethoxy-4''-hydroxyflavan(FL1) Prunetin (FL2) Biochanin A(FL3) Methyl 4-hydroxybenzonate(AR1) 4-Hydroxy-trans-cinnamic acid methyl ester(AR2) 4-Hydroxy-cis-cinnamic acid methyl ester(AR3) 2-Methyl-4-nitrophenol(AR4) 4-Hydroxybenzalaldehyde(AR5) Bis(phenol-4-yl) methane(AR6) 4-Hydroxyacetophenone(AR7) a-Tocopheryl quinone(OT1) a-Tocospiro B(OT2) (10 R)-10-Hydroxypheophytin a(OT3) (10 S)-10-Hydroxypheophytin a(OT4) (132-R)-Pheophytin-a(OT5) Phytol(D1)
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Chang, Tsyr-Ling y 張慈玲. "Essential Oil Extraction of Citrus microcarpa Bonge and Its Bioactivity". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66478789770024425079.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
食品科學系所
96
This investigation used the fully ripened Citrus microcarpa Bonge as the raw material for essential oil extraction. Extracts of essential oil from the peels were conducted expression, steam evaporating, and reduced pressure steam distillation, respectively. Yield and the quality of the extracts were studied to evaluate these three methods. Bioactivities including DPPH scavenging capability and bacteriostasis were conducted on the extracted essential oils. Bacteriostatic ability were performed on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis. Finally, GC-MS, and NMR were used to confirmed the primary composition of essential oils from Citrus microcarpa Bonge. The results verified that reduced pressure steam distillation is the best extraction method among these three methods applied, judging by the yield and the quality of essential oils. The best DPPH scavenging ability was found with 2.0% of essential oil (31.0%). The data from bacteriostasis showed that 2.0% of essential oil had the best inhibition on Enterococcus faecalis (diameter of bacteriostatic ring was 15.8 mm). What came next was that 1.5% of essential oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ring diameter was 13.7 mm). The inhibition of 2.0% essential oil on Escherichia coli was found to be moderate (ring diameter was 12.8 mm). Finally the primary composition of Citrus microcarpa Bonge essential oil was confirmed as limonene.
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Liu, Pei-Yu y 劉佩瑜. "The coexistence mechanisms among fig wasps associated with Ficus microcarpa". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22230731839193203559.
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碩士東海大學
生命科學系
100
Fig-fig wasp mutualism is a symbiotic interaction between Ficus and its pollinating fig wasps. In addition, many non-pollinating fig wasps also utilize the same figs and compete with pollinating wasps for breeding sites and plant resources. How does this complicated system maintain its stability has intrigued ecologists for a long time. The parasite pressure hypothesis indicates that parasitoids contribute in stabilizing mutualism by forcing pollinators to oviposit in inner ovules and do not over-exploit fig. The niche partitioning hypothesis proposes that parasites and pollinators can coexist through spatial or temporal separation. The aims of my study were to examine whether parasite pressure hypothesis can explain the stratification of seeds and pollinators, and to test if niche partitioning between pollinators and gallers do exist in fig-fig wasps system of F. microcarpa. My results indicated there were significant differences in parasitism between inner and outer ovules, which are consistent with the parasite pressure hypothesis. My results also suggested there was spatial separation in oviposit sites between pollinator and non-pollinator wasps. Pollinators prefer to oviposit in inner ovules and the central region of a fig. In contrast, gallers prefer to oviposit in outer ovules and the basal or randomly in different fig regions. In my investigation period, I defined four crops of F. microcarpa in Campus mall according to their flowering phenology, and investigated whether wasps’ population dynamics varied between crops. I found population of pollinators and galler Odontofroggatia fluctuated between crops. Although abundance of pollinators and gallers differed significantly between crops, the observation period was not long enough to have concrete evidences to support temporal partitioning hypothesis.
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Chen, Li-chiang y 陳笠江. "A Preliminary Study of Airborne Fungi of the Ficus microcarpa Woods". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72234837353422002611.
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碩士國立臺南大學
生物科技學系碩士班
99
The purpose of this study was to investigate airborne fungi in a Ficus microcarpa woods located in Tainan City by using Burkard’s portable air sampler. The period of investigation were November 2008, February 2009, May 2009 and September 2009. MEA (Malt Extract Agar) was used as a culture medium to culture, isolate and identify the type and number of airborne fungi and determine the concentration of fungi (CFU/m3). 280 petri dishes were collected during the period of survey, with a total 11,703 colonies, 33 taxa of fungi isolated and identified. The predominant fungi were identified as Cladosporium、Yeasts、Penicillium、Fusarium、Alternaria、Aspergillus and Bipolaris, Bipolaris was rarely documented in other references. The concentration of airborne fungi (CFU /m3) reached peak at 1400hr in spring, 1200hr in summer, 1000hr in autumn and 1800hr in winter. Types of predominant fungi were different among different seasons, concentration of airborne fungi in spring, summer and autumn were positive correlated with relative humidity, and wind speed (p<0.05); negatively correlated with concentration of carbon dioxide (p<0.01). Hemispherical photographs (i.e. fish eye lens) were used to analyze for canopy openness of the woods, indicated that the concentration of airborne fungi was significantly positive correlation with canopy openness (p<0.05). The concentration of airborne fungi in dry season was negatively correlated with temperature (p<0.01). Comparing the similarity of fungal diversity in the dry and wet season, shows that a greater variation exist between the two seasons, but variation of abundance index was smaller.
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Chiang, Yi-Ming y 江一民. "Studies on the Constituents of the Aerial Roots of Ficus microcarpa". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53110818871448333217.
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博士國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
89
The aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa L. f. were extracted with methanol. The extract was concentrated in vacuo to yield a residue which was suspended in H2O, and this phase was partitioned with ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate layer afforded a black syrup which was separated by open column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, flash column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and recrystallizatine to afford 132 compounds. Among these compounds, 39 are new compounds, 9 are first time isolated from natural sources, and four novel skeletons were elucidated. These compounds are classified to 111 triterpenoids, 8 sterols, 9 aromatics, 1 flavonoids, and 3 others. Among these, 39 new compounds are as follows: 27-nor-3b-hydroxy-25-oxocycloartane (CY7), (22E)-25,26,27-trinor-3b-hydroxy-22-cycloarten-24-al (CY9), 3b-acetoxy-25-methoxylanosta-8,23-diene (LA4), (20S)-3b-acetoxy-20-hydroperoxy-30-norlupane (LU6), 3b-hydroxy-20-oxo-30(20→19)abeolupane (LU13), 29,30-dinor-3b-acetoxy-18,19-dioxo-18,19-secolupane (LU14), 3b-acetoxy-11a-ethoxy-12-oleanene (OL5), 3b-acetoxy-11a-hydroperoxy-12-oleanene (OL7), 3b-acetoxy-12,19-dioxo-13(18)-oleanene (OL9), 3b-acetoxy-18a-hydroperoxy-12-oleanen-11-one (OL12), 3b-acetoxy-11a-hydroxy-11(12→13)abeoleanan-12-al (OL18), 20a,21a-epoxytaraxastan-3b-ol (TA3), 20(30)-taraxastene-3b,21a-diol (TA4), 22-oxo-20-taraxasten-3b-ol (TA5), 3b-acetoxy-20-taraxasten-22-one (TA5a), 20-taraxastene-3b,22a-diol (TA6), 3b-acetoxy-20-taraxasten-22a-ol (TA6a), 20-taraxastene-3b,22b-diol (TA7), 3b-acetoxy-22a-methoxy-20-taraxastene (TA8), 3b-acetoxy-19a-methoxy-20-taraxastene (TA9), 3b-acetoxy-19a-hydroperoxy-20-taraxastene (TA10), 3b-acetoxy-20a,21a-epoxytaraxastan-22a-ol (TA11), 3,22-dioxo-20-taraxastene (TA14), 3b-acetoxy-19(29)-taraxasten-20a-ol (TA15), 3b-acetoxy-21a,22a-epoxytaraxastan-20a-ol (TA16), 3b-acetoxy-11a,12a-epoxy-16-oxo-14-taraxerene (TX2), 3b-hydroxy-11a-hydroperoxy-12-ursene (UR6), 3b-acetoxy-11a-hydroperoxy-12-ursene (UR6a), 3b-acetoxy-11a-methoxy-12-ursene (UR7), 3b-acetoxy-11a-ethoxy-12-ursene (UR8), 3b-acetoxy-1b,11a-epidioxy-12-ursene (UR11), 3b-acetoxy-12b,13b-epoxy-11a-hydroperoxyursane (UR13), 3b-acetoxy-11a-hydroperoxy-13a-H-ursan-12-one (UR14), 3-oxo-12-ursen-28-ol (UR17), 3b-acetoxy-11a-methoxy-12-ursen-1b-ol (UR20), 3b-acetoxy-15a-hydroxy-13,27-cyclours-11-ene (PH1), 3b-acetoxy-12a-formyloxy-13,27-cycloursan-11a-ol (PH2), a-tocospiro A (OT2), a-tocospiro B (OT3). 9 Compounds which first isolated from natural source are as follows: (20S)-3b-acetoxylupan-29-oic acid (LU7s), (20R)-3b-acetoxylupan-29-oic acid (LU7r), 3b-acetoxy-11a-methoxy-12-oleanene (OL3), 3b-acetoxy-13b,18a-2H-oleanan-19a-ol (OL6), 3b-acetoxy-12a,13a-epoxyoleanane (OL10), 3b-acetoxy-13b-H-oleanan-12-one (OL11), 3b-acetoxy-21a,22a-epoxy-20(30)-taraxastene (TA2a), 3b-acetoxy-20a,21a-epoxytaraxastane (TA3a), 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol (AR6). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
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Huang, Chia-shung y 黃家祥. "The Survey of Phylloplane Fungi of Ficus microcarpa and Alstonia scholaris". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63946279477752403007.
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碩士國立臺南大學
生物科技學系碩士班
99
The purpose of this study was to survey the diversity of phylloplane fungi of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. and Alstonia scholaris L. R. Brown in Tainan by using solid medium and soil moist chamber culture, fresh leaves with lesions of Ficus and Alstonia were collected in both woods from August, 2008 to January, 2010. A total of 280 plates, twenty eight taxa of phylloplane fungi were isolated on both plants, including members of the Deuteromyces with the highest frequency of occurrence (78.56%), and Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes. The predominant genera of phylloplane fungi on Alstonia were Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Collectotrichum, Gloeosporium, Nigrospora and Penicillium. On the other hand, the predominant genera on Ficus were Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Collectotrichum and Gloeosporium. Shannon’s and Sorensen’s biodiversity indices were calculated for comparing the differences of occurrence of predominant fungi between two plants and between two cultured methods. The correlation of canopy openness with predominant fungi was analyzed. The results showed that the composition of phylloplane fungi varied significantly by two plants and two culture methods (higher on Ficus and in moist chamber). Significant difference was found on occurrence of Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Collectotrichum on two plants (P＜0.05), and the occurrence of Cladosporium was significantly positively correlated with canopy openness of Ficus woods（P＜0.05）. The morphology of 25 phylloplane fungi was described and illustrated by hand tracing and drawing.
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Shiu, Chuen-Chi y 許淳淇. "The ecophysiological study of two hemiepiphytes-Ficus microcarpa and F. superba". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64688586351062160112.
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碩士國立中興大學
生命科學系
91
Two Ficus hemiepiphytes, included evergreen, F. microcarpa and deciduous, F. superba were selected to elucidate their ecophysiological characteristics, such as leaf structure, leaf flushing, defoliating and water relation. In the tree-phase of two tested Ficus which leaf flushing and defoliating were occurred in both wet and dry seasons. However, epiphytic F. microcarpa was occurred in wet season only. In both tree and epiphytic-phase, F. microcarpa were flushed and defoliated their leaves continually, but tree-phase F. superba flushed their new leaves in a short-term and then fallen their old leaves immediately, thus the leaf life span of F. microcarpa was longer (4 to 28 months) than that of F. superba (3 to 9 months). In both tree and epiphytic-phase, F. microcarpa showed more xeromorphism, such as thicker of palisade tissue, cuticle and leaves, in addition, in F. microcarpa the arrangement of sponge tissue of epidermis similar to that palisade tissue, and the epidermis were multiseriate epidermis and sunken stomata. Two species could maintain higher leaf water potential and relative water content under water stress, indicating those have the capacity of water storage, and F. microcarpa have better capacity than F. superba. In water deficit, both two species showed stomatal closure and photoinhibition, maybe the reason of photosynthesis capability decline. The results indicated that expect the flushed and defoliated, the differences of two Ficus between tree and epiphytic-phase were not so large. While the leaf life span and capacity of water storage of evergreen F. microcarpa were higher than those of deciduous F. superba in both tree and epiphytic-phase. The difference of water status between F. microcarpa and F. superba may be due to the difference of leaf structure and stomata behavior.
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Lin, Huan-You y 林煥祐. "Studies on the Chemical Constituents of the Leaves of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26933840473611044357.
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博士國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
95
Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. (Moraceae) is a popular ornament plant in the orient. The methanol extract of the dried leaves of F. microcarpa was suspended in water and extracted with EtOAc to yield EtOAc soluble phase. Then, the organic phase was puried by CC, HPLC and recrystalization, etc. Up to now, 119 compounds were isolated and purified, and those compounds were 23 triterpenoids (7 new compounds, including 2 kinds of novel carbon skeletons), 18 porphyrinoid (6 new compounds and 1 first isolated from natural sources), 18 apocarotenoids, 18 aromatic compounds (3 new compound and 2 first isolated from natural sources), 13 flavonoids or flavanoids (2 new compounds), 6 polyprenols (4 new compounds), 6 steroids, 4 sesquiterpenoid (1 first isolated from natural sources), 3 tocopheroids, 3 diterpenoids, 1 lignanoids, 1 monoterpenoid, 1 chromonoid, and 4 other types (2 first isolated from natural sources).
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Chen, Ying-Ru y 陳穎儒. "Population fluctuation and community ecology of Ficus microcarpa L. and its fig wasps". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69544137342177006903.
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博士國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
89
Study field was at the campus of National Taiwan University in Taipei, 35 F. microcarpa trees were surveyed weekly from August 1992 to December 1998, for six and half of years. The research were started from detecting the phenology of F. microcarpa and population dynamics of pollinators, then illustrating the the inter-species relation between 20 species in 13 genera fig wasps. At last, controlled mechanism and resource distribution were discussed or tested. We found climate change in the environment is the major factor to control crop growing of Ficus trees. Figs are synchronous within crops but asynchronous between crops. There were two distinct fig gaps annually, all crops can be divided into two flower seasons, Summer-Fall (SF) and Winter-Spring (WS) seasons, by these two fig gaps. Crop duration and synchronization are different in two flower seasons. Crops are asynchronous and shorter in SF, while highly synchronous and longer in WS. Pollinator population was high in SF but zero in WS. According to the computer modeling to simulate the population dynamics of fig wasps, the probability is high that pollinators immigrate in the field. The food web in fig wasps was established by several indirectly evidence: Odontofroggatia, Walkerella, Eufroggattisca and Meselatus are gall-makers, Sycoscapter, Sycoryctes and Sycophila are parasitoids, while Philotrypesis is an inquiline. Although gall-makers occupy the seed site and utilize the tissue of florets, they are little harmful to figs. Some gall-makers compete with pollinators and decrease half of pollinator offspring. On the other hand, Ficus trees regulate their energy by dropping figs. The ostiole, the only way to connect inside and outside of figs, is very important to regulate the timing of both pollinator entry and all fig wasps egress. The ostiole controls entering number of pollinators. There are three types of florets in one figs, petiole, middle-petiole and sessile florets. Pollinators offspring occupy two types of petiole florets and seeds occupy sessile florets by morphological division of florets in figs. The triangle relationship between figs, pollinators and non-pollinators is very complex, however, the condition between these three actors has not reached the saturation point. The resilience is enough in this ecological system because there are a lot of blasted florets in a fig. According to the matching of B- and D-phase figs and the resource distribution of figs, plants stand on a leading role in the relationships between figs and fig wasps.
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Yang, Hsiu y 楊修. "A Study of Bonsai Sculpture Creative Method and Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. Example". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64075791822122610869.
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碩士明道大學
設計學院碩士班
102
Global warming and climate change are issues of concerns in the world.Many countries protect their tree from deforestation and encourage more trees to be replanted for the future generation.How are human going to see the growth of trees and appreciate the beauty of trees ?There are artists today using different mediums to portray the beauty of trees.If using trees as mediums for arts, how can we craft trees into bonsai to reflect artists’ feelings and impressions.Through research, interviews of bonsai specialists, discussions on aesthetics and bonsai crafting procedures, bonsai creation and technical skills guidelines are being established. Bonsai amateurs will have ideas on bonsai crafts and forms following this guideline.Analysis of bonsai forms consists of imitation form, traditional form and creative form. In this thesis, Ficus microcarpa Linn. f., is being used as a model in creative bonsai form.
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Chen, Yan Ming y 陳言銘. "The spectrosocopic measurement and model analysis of light-sensitive ficus microcarpa cv. golden leaves". Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31462843737171497366.
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陳汶吉. "The pharmacological evaluations of the crude extractsof acnavalia microcarpa on the treatment of hemorrhoids". Thesis, 1986. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64776234301915384623.
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Wong, Sheng-Yong y 翁勝勇. "A Study on Extraction of Flavonoids from Fortunella Margarita Swingle and Citrus Microcarpa Bonge". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3h444w.
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碩士中原大學
化學研究所
102
The calamondin and kumquat are commonly used to prepare drinks or succades in Taiwan. It is rich in vitamins, polyphenols and flavonoids which are beneficial substances in the human body. the main origin of the kumquat and calamondin are Yilan and Pingtung. Its often have high cost or little profit due to heavy rains or overproduction, and so that farmers have no gain. How to improve the kumquat and calamondin’s profit is an important thing for Yilan and Pingtung agricultural clubs to think. In recent years, emphasizing on non-toxic chemical treatment is getting more and more important for people attention. In addition to emphasis on yield, using safer solvent and doing safer reacting conditions for the extraction of a substance becomes a target for considering and pursuing. Supercritical fluid extraction has this advantage. By the supercritical fluid extraction technique, and using carbon dioxide as the solvent is lower damage for the environmental than the other extraction method, and it is comply with 12 principles of green chemistry by Paul Anastas and John C. Warner. This study is investigated to extract Flavonoids from calamondin and kumquat by supercritical fluid extraction, and to be the best extraction efficiency. With extracting partial of the fruit, using different pre-treatment and Supercritical fluid’s pressures, temperatures, extraction times, and modifier solvent become variables we want to explore. We use a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to quantify, and get a data about optimum extraction conditions of the flavonoids from the calamondin and kumquat. Finally we obtain optimized experimental condition which is under the 150 atmospheres, 200 oC, extracting for eight hours, and modifier is acetic acid for kumquat. The Optimized experimental condition which is under the 200 atmospheres, 100 oC, extracting for eight hours, and modifier is acetic acid for calamondin. We find a good extraction high content of flavonoids if the calamondin dries 1 hour by 150 degrees and the kumquat don’t need treatment.
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Trenz, Cornelius Günter [Verfasser]. "Klinische Evaluierung der Validität des nichtinvasiven Kapnometrie-Systems Microcap Plus / Cornelius Günter Trenz". 2007. http://d-nb.info/997413549/34.
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Deng-KaiShen y 沈登凱. "The assessment of the phylogenetic relationship of the old banyan trees (Ficus microcarpa) in Taiwan". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72q892.
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Lai, Xien-Mei y 賴欣眉. "Effect of water defict stress on some physiological characteristics of hemiepiphyte-Ficus microcarpa var. micrecarpa". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03571284984431969211.
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碩士國立中興大學
生命科學系
94
In order to elucidate some physiological characteristics of hemiphyte in response to water deficit, Ficus microcarpa was used as material. It was treated with natural water deficit as well as artificial osmostic stress. Results showed that the change of leaf water potential (Ψ) was not so large, but stomata resistant (Rs) increased suddenly with the degree of stress level in both natural drought and artificial osmostic stress. Suggesting in water deficit F. microcarpa could avoid water loss by closing stoma. It was also found that predawn Fv/Fm of epiphytic F. microcarpa was closely related to the minimum temperature of measured day, the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of one day before measurement and Rs. For the Fv/Fm measured at noon, it was affected by average temperature of measured day, Rs, and Ψ. Besides, when leaves were treated with 1500 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR for 2 hrs, their Fv/Fm decreased with Rs increasing, in spite of under osmostic stress or not; but this decreasing was drastic for detached leaves. In addition, under high illumination, detached leaves showed lower qf (include qE and qT, two of NPQ relaxing within seconds to tens of minutes) than attached leaves, in spite of high NPQ in detached leaves; probably detached leaves could not protected their PSII by ABA from roots. Present study also used scotch tape to limit the diffusing of CO2 from atmosphere to leaves. The results indicated that stomata closing itself did not affect the efficiency of PSII. Therefore, the decreasing of PSII efficiency in osmotic stressed leaves was due to the other effects. In contrast to the F. microcarpa avoiding water loss by closing stoma, present study also found that Ψ of a phreatophyte-Salix warburgii decreased drastically under osmotic stress due to the insensitive stoma appearture.
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Cadieux, Gerard. "Influence of heat treatment on heat affected zone microfissuring in EB welded Microcast-X Inconel 718". 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/1287.
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A new form of cast Inconel 718 has recently been receiving attention. This new form is known as Microcast-X (MX) investment cast alloy 718. Specimens were given an initial pre-weld homogenization heat treatment at 1200$\sp\circ$C and water quenched followed by solution heat treatments at 1050, 1100, and 1150$\sp\circ$C which were designed to maintain a fine-grained and "clean" microstructure while allowing sufficient time for equilibrium segregation of sulfur. Both air cooling and water quenching were used for each solution heat treatment to study the effect of cooling rate on both boron segregation levels and HAZ microfissuring susceptibility. Electron beam welding is used in commercial repair welding and joining practices due to the high quality of weld achievable using this technique and was used in this study. HAZ microfissuring measurements as well as microstructural observations and characterization were conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), EnergyDispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS and TEM/EDS), Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), and Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Lai, Yi-Ting y 賴怡婷. "Effect of Heavy Pruning and Temperature on Calamondin（Citrus microcarpa Bonge）Flower Bud Formation and Flowering". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51899211094093348401.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
93
Abstract Calamondin (Citrus microcarpa Bunge; syn. C. mandurensis Lour.) has three flushes per year, which occur in February to March, June to July and October to November, under natural condition in Taipei. Normally, each flush simultaneously formatted flower, so will flowering three times, which are February to March, June to July and October to December. In this experiment, we treated potted calamondin plants with heavy pruning time and temperature to discuss how they effect flower formation and flowering time. The first flushes of calamondin after heavy pruning were all vegetative flushes, and flower buds occurred after the second flashes sprouting. The result had show that treatment of heavy pruning suppress generative buds of the first flushes, which sprouted after heavy pruning. Plants of heavy pruning in January, February, March, November and December flowering in May and June when the second flashes sprouted. Plants of heavy pruning in April and May flowering in October when the second flashes sprout in September. Plants of heavy pruning in June and July flowering in October to November when the second flashes sprouted in October. Plants of heavy pruning in August to October came to sprout and flower in February of next year. Anatomic observation of the first flushes of plants after heavy pruning in March, June and September were found that flower differentiated in June to July, September and next January respectively. It means that first flushes after heavy pruning maintain vegetative buds for two to three month in Taipei. However, after heavy pruning in December, the plants treated with day/night temperature 27.5/22.5℃ for 3 weeks, flower differentiation was observed. After two month heavy pruning, plants were treated with four night/day temperature, 30/25，25/20，20/15 and 15/13℃. The plants in 30/25℃ and 25/20℃ bloomed after 2 and 8 weeks respectively, and while those in 20/15℃ and 15/13℃ bloomed after 22 weeks.
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Wan, Chih-Che y 萬滋澤. "The Study of the Composition of Heavy Metals in Leaves of Ficus Microcarpa in Central Taiwan". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70020534154245266875.
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碩士弘光科技大學
環境工程研究所
97
Abstract In order to search for convenient, highly efficient, and cost-effective biological monitoring indicators, which can supplement the existing air quality monitoring modes to provide a further insight into the content of heavy metals in atmospheric particles and estimate the status quo of air pollution caused by heavy metals, this study used Ficus microcarpa leaves, which is popular in Taiwan, as a biological monitoring indicator. Ficus microcarpa leaves were collected from site with different environmental attributes, such as Sibin, Changhua County Arena, and Hsiang De Temple in Tianhsiang, from April to September, 2008. Two groups of samples were collected per month. The samples were pulverized at 550℃ for high-temperature ashing after constant temperature drying; then the ash samples were put into the mixed acid, and heavy metals were extracted. ICP/OES was used to measure the content of heavy metals (Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) in Ficus microcarpa leaves, in order to discuss the accumulated content of heavy metal pollutants in Ficus microcarpa leaves under different environments. The results indicate that, the contents of crust elements (Mg, Ca and Fe) in Ficus microcarpa leaves were the highest, and that of cadmium (Cd) was the lowest. Among the three sites, the content of micro heavy metal in samples collected from Sibin was the highest, followed by Changhua County Arena, and that from Hsiang De Temple was the lowest. Statistical t-test was applied to discuss the variance of average content of heavy metals in Ficus microcarpa leaves collected from Sibin and Changhua County Arena. The results indicate that, 5 heavy metal elements, which are Mg, Fe, Zn, Cr and Pb, had significant variance under 95％ confidence level, and the variance of content was 2 to 4 times (excluding Mg). It is possibly due to different regional attributes caused by the emission pollution from factories and vehicles. By comparing with the Ficus microcarpa leaves collected in other counties and based on literature review, the content of heavy metals in traffic or industrial zones was significantly higher than that in other regions, so Ficus microcarpa leaves can be used as a biological monitoring indicator.