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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Microbiote racinaire"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Microbiote racinaire"
Bruyant, Pauline. "Rôle du microbiote racinaire dans la nutrition phosphorée des plantes non-mycorhiziennes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10290.
Texto completoPhosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth. Most terrestrial plants rely on the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis for their P nutrition, but some non-mycorrhizal (non-AM) lineages have lost this ability, raising the question of alternative strategies they may have to acquire P. While little information exists on the microbiota of these plants, associations with "mycorrhizal-like" fungi capable of transferring nutrients such as P have been identified in non-AM Brassicaceae and other plants. Among these fungi, Helotiales appear to play a key role in nutrient-poor alpine and arctic environments, but their ecology is poorly documented. The hypothesis of this thesis is that non-AM plants have developed nutritional interactions with mycorrhizal-like fungi, particularly Helotiales, for P nutrition, compensating for the loss of the AM symbiosis. These associations could be a crucial for these plants in nutrient-poor environments such as alpine environments. The aim of this work was to assess the non-AM status of Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Cyperaceae, to analyze their root microbiota, and to determine its potential contribution to plant P nutrition under deficiency conditions. Screening of 67 genomes including these three families, confirmed the convergent loss of five key AM genes, suggesting that the loss of AM symbiosis preceded the emergence of these lineages. The study of 37 non-AM species across seven sites revealed lower foliar P levels (-21%) compared to neighbouring AM plants, suggesting a reduced P acquisition capacity. However, using machine learning, we identified 85 fungal taxa associated with better P accumulation in non-AM plants, primarily Helotiales (24 taxa) and Pleosporales (19 taxa), even though metabarcoding root microbiota analysis showed marginal differences between fungal communities of AM and non-AM plants. Given the potential role of Helotiales in non-AM plant nutrition and the lack of information on beneficial Helotiales lineages, we undertook a large-scale isolation of root endophytic fungi. Six non-AM alpine species from the Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Cyperaceae families were sampled, and 602 fungal isolates were obtained. Comparison of this cultivable diversity with metabarcoding results showed that 43% of Helotiales taxa were present in the collection, which included 53% of Helotiales isolates. Some of these isolates, belonging to three major clades, exhibited P-solubilizing potential and were closely related to plant growth-promoting lineages or mycorrhizal-like strains. This demonstrates that the roots of non-AM alpine plants are important reservoirs of beneficial Helotiales fungi, offering opportunities to explore their mechanisms for enhancing plant nutrition. Finally, in planta experiments showed that two Helotiales strains could colonize roots and improve growth and P acquisition in non-AM hosts under P deficiency conditions, likely through P transfer mechanisms. These results suggest that non-AM plants have developed novel nutritional associations with diverse Helotiales lineages, contributing to their P nutrition thus compensating for the loss of the ancestral AM symbiosis
Renoud, Sébastien. "Phytostimulation du maïs par la bactérie Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 : impact sur des communautés fonctionnelles du microbiote racinaire". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1143/document.
Texto completoPlant development is influenced by interactions established with root microbiota. Microbiota functioning relies on individual functions carried out by functional groups, which often contain multiple microbial taxa. Some of these groups include plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which stimulate plant growth thanks to several plant-beneficial functions. PGPR inoculation may impact plant physiology and microbial partners of roots, and inoculated PGPR can modify the genetic structure of the root microbiota. However, it is not known how this impact materializes at the level of particular microbial functional groups. The hypothesis of this thesis is that inoculated PGPR will also modify the structure/composition of microbial functional groups important for plant development. This work assessed the impact of inoculation with the PGPR Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 on the size and/or diversity of diazotrophs, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase producers and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producers (as well as the total bacterial community) colonizing the maize rhizosphere in three fields and under different nitrogen fertilization regimes. Our work showed that diazotrophs and ACC deaminase producers could be co-selected in maize rhizosphere and that PGPR inoculation modified the taxonomic composition of functional groups. To conclude, PGPR inoculation modulates rhizospheric selection of microbial members of functional groups important for plant growth, which may mediate some of the plant-beneficial effects of PGPR inoculants
Mangeot-Peter, Lauralie. "Étude des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques influant sur la structuration et la composition du microbiote racinaire du Peuplier". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0018.
Texto completoMicroorganisms play an essential role in the functioning of forest ecosystems. The pool of the root- associated microorganisms is called “root microbiome” and is known to promote tree growth, improve tree resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and participate in nutrient cycling. Studying the factors that structure and regulate the root microbiome is essential to better understand the mechanisms involved in tree-microorganism interactions and the role of the tree root microbiome in response to current and future environmental constraints. During my thesis, I studied the colonization dynamic of grey poplar roots by bacterial and fungal communities in the soil by combining metagenomic and microscopic approaches. In parallel, a mesocosm study was carried out to determine the impact of the host genotype and environmental factors such as climate and soil type on the root microbiome of black poplar, a species that colonizes riparian ecosystems and is particularly affected by climate change. Finally, through metagenomic and metabolomic approaches, I studied, on the one hand, the impact of soil microbiome variations and, on the other hand, the signalling pathway of jasmonic acid, a phytohormone involved in defence, on the metabolome and communities of the root microbiome of grey poplar. The results of my thesis highlight the significant impact of the tree and environmental factors on the composition and taxonomic and functional structure of the root microbiome as well as the need to consider the tree and its microbiota as a "meta-organism" in its own right
Guyonnet, Julien. "Effet de la stratégie de gestion des ressources des plantes sur l’investissement dans l’exsudation racinaire, et les conséquences sur les communautés bactériennes". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1008.
Texto completoRoot exudation is known to influence microbial communities functioning, in particular those involve in nitrogen cycle. (Haichar et al, 2012). It’s linked to plant physiology, which can be evaluated with functional traits, allowing a plant distribution in function of their performance in their environment. Thus, we can distinguish competitive species, with higher photosynthetic capacity and rapid rates of N acquisition, conservative species with the opposite characteristics (Aerts & Chapin, 1999) and intermediate plants, with intermediate characteristics.The objective of this work is to determinate the influence of nutrient management strategiy of 6 poaceae, along a strategies gradient from conservative strategy (Sesleria caerulea and Festuca paniculata), intermediate (Antoxanthum odoratum and Bromus erectus) to competitive strategy (Dactylis glomerata and Trisetum flavescens), on diversity and functioning of total and denitrifying communities.I) Firstly, we studied the link between the plant nutrient management strategy and the root exudates quantity in the root adhering soil (RAS). Then, we determined the influence of the rate of root exudation on potential microbial activities (respiration and denitrification), and with a DNA-SIP (Stable Isotope Probing) approach coupled to high-throughput sequencing, the influence of root exudation on the bacterial structure and diversity of communities colonizing the RAS and the root system. II) Secondly, we studied the link between the plant nutrient management strategy and the nature of molecules exuded in RAS and present in root extracts by analyzing primary metabolites profile to Festuca paniculata, Bromus erectus and Dactylis glomerata, respectively a conservative, an intermediate and a competitive plant. Then, we determined the influence of primary metabolites profile of each plant on semi-real denitrification of communities colonizing RAS of plants. III) Finally, an mRNA-SIP approach is in progress to determine the influence of exuded metabolites on active bacterial communities functioning and the expression of genes involved in denitrification process in RAS and root system. Our results show an influence of the nutrient management strategy on the rate of carbon exudation, the competitive plants exuding more than conservatives ones
Simon, Lena. "Le microbiome du sol : contrôle de Fusarium graminearum et transmission à l'environnement racinaire du blé sous l'effet de déterminants environnementaux et agronomiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0027.
Texto completoReducing the use of phytosanitary products constitutes one of the major axes of the agroecological transition. In this context, it is urgent to develop strategies ensuring effective and sustainable management of parasitic pressure, while preserving the environment. Mobilization of the soil microbiome, and particularly the bacterial community, represents one of these solutions. Although it has been demonstrated that part of these communities is capable of limiting the impact of crop pathogens, the relationships between the environment of the microbiome and its capacity to regulate plant diseases still remain largely unknown. The ambition of this thesis project was to evaluate the impact of factors, such as soil conditions and agricultural practices, on the structure and functioning of the soil microbiome and to analyze the relationship between these modifications and the capacity of the microbiome to participate in the regulation of Fusarium head blight. This project is structured around two axes of research, aiming to (1) determine which factors explain the suppressive nature of soils with respect to the pathogen Fusarium graminearum, and (2) evaluate the influence of the environment on the assembly of the soil and wheat microbiome. To meet these objectives, a network of 103 plots in the Limagne plain (Puy-de-Dôme, France) was mobilized. The plots represented a diversity of soil types and agricultural practices, and were divided into either intensive agriculture, organic agriculture, or soil conservation agriculture. Soil samples were taken from each plot and characterized by (1) agricultural practices (2) physicochemical analyses, (3) their bacterial community by metabarcoding of the 16S rDNA gene and (4) in vitro inhibition tests (fungistasis) of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. Among these 103 plots, 98 were used to collect samples of wheat (Triticum aestivum) rhizosphere and roots, that were also described through their bacterial community. Finally, nine soils among the 103 were selected for the cultivation and infection of wheat by F. graminearum under controlled conditions. The fungistasis test revealed great variability within the sample as well as the ability of certain soils to completely inhibit the germination of the fungus. Perennial soil characteristics and bacterial diversity were related to soil fungistasis. There was also a correlation between the abundance of Burkholderia spp. and fungistasis. Comparison of bacterial microbiomes from soil, wheat rhizosphere and roots revealed different compositions between the three compartments. The microbial composition in the soil influenced those of the rhizosphere and roots of the same plot. The physicochemical characteristics and the management system influenced the composition of the bacterial community in the three compartments. Experimentation under controlled conditions did not reveal a link between microbiome (diversity and composition) and symptoms of Fusarium head blight, nor a link between fungistasis and in planta symptoms on the same soil. Overall, this work contributes to evaluating the possibilities of using agricultural practices as a lever for agroecological control of Fusarium head blight in wheat, through the modulation of natural microbial communities
Fourneau, Eulalie. "Rhizοbactéries bénéfiques pοur les plantes : Répοnses physiοlοgiques et génétiques aux exsudats racinaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR096.
Texto completoThe rhizosphere is the narrow zone of soil under the influence of plant roots that release a complex molecular mixture: root exudates. They allow the plant to recruit its rhizosphere microbiota, which plays a key role in its growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the context of sustainable agriculture, understanding the molecular root-microbiota dialogue could help to promote the establishment of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere. In this thesis, the ability of root exudates from rapeseed (Brassica napus), pea (Pisum sativum) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) to attract and feed three PGPR (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 and Azospirillum brasilense Sp245) was measured and compared by defining a new indicator, the « love match » score. For all bacteria, rapeseed exudates are the most attractive and induce the fastest growth, pea exudates allow the highest biomass production, while ryegrass exudates are the least effective. When comparing PGPR, P. fluorescens and A. brasilense seem to respond more efficiently to root exudates than B. subtilis. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that B. subtilis regulates the expression of many genes in response to root exudates, whereas P. fluorescens appears to already express most of the genes required for this response. These results highlight the specific selection of PGPR by the plant through its root exudates, and could help to select the most efficient exudates in order to promote the establishment of bioinoculants in the rhizosphere
Lusley, Pauline. "Compréhension des mécanismes directs et indirects de résistance à la pourriture racinaire du pois causée par Aphanomyces euteiches : influence du choix variétal et de la cohorte microbienne associée. Compared analysis of architectural symptoms and disease severity caused by Aphanomyces euteiches between winter and spring peas. Co-existence of Rhizobia and non-rhizobial bacteria in the nodules of Pisum sativum L. depending on cultivars and influencing mycelium growth of Aphanomyces euteiches. The microbial cavalry: how crop could be determinant to beneficially shape soil microbiome in the battlefield against Aphanomyces euteiches". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR091.
Texto completoPea, well-adapted to the Normandy pedoclimatic context, represents an important nutritional source of plant proteins. At present, protein crops are among the promoting crops in view of their many agronomical, economic, and environmental interests. Despite their multiple advantages, the cultivation of protein peas is not as successful, mainly due to strong attacks by various phytopathology. The most damaging is pea root rot caused by Aphanomyces euteiches leading to a significant drop in yield and thus can penalize farmers. As there is no effective treatment to date, numerous focus researches are in progress to develop efficient control methods, which requires a holistic understanding of the pathobiome. In this thesis, studies were focused on the understanding of some direct and indirect resistance mechanisms of pea root rot caused by A. euteiches. The contribution of biotic factors in this disease were studied, specifically the influence of varietal genotype and its associated phytobiome, and so the establishment of multiple interactions with microorganisms. The comparative analysis of disease severity and induced architectural modifications, showed a differential expression according to their affiliation to winter or spring group. The two winter pea cultivars characterized by a high cold tolerance presented two features of interest: a delayed impact on aerial part despite significant root damage and an increased growth of root system in response to infection. In addition, the study of intra-nodule bacterial diversity in these same cultivars showed that the diversity of their nodule microbiome varies according to varietal genotype. This study highlighted the strong biocontrol potential of intra-nodule bacterial endophytes, with a higher relative abundance of known antagonistic bacterial genera towards A. euteiches for two winter pea cultivars. The varietal genotype therefore constitutes a direct and indirect lever by the establishment of interactions with beneficial microorganisms, to fight against pea root rot. The last research line has demonstrated the strong influence of plant cultivated species on the microbial associations in the rhizosphere, specifically a modulation of the assemblage of beneficial populations. Shaping the microbial community composition though the cultivation of crops to the benefit of the next crop represents an additional argument in favor of crop rotation use as a lever against phytopathology. Several interesting alternatives were highlighted in this research work to effectively and efficiently manage A. euteiches: at the cultivar scale, by specific characteristics in relation to varieties’ genotype and their ability to select protective endophytes, and at the scale of crop rotation, by shaping microbiome in favor of pea. Great research perspectives are emerging, especially the efficiency of protection resulting from all potential isolated biocontrol agents, which would allow the development and implementation of beneficial consortia adapted to Normandy soils and to pea cultivars specificities