Tesis sobre el tema "Micro-Usinage laser femtoseconde"
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Hélie, David. "Micro-usinage de lamelles de verre au laser femtoseconde". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28184/28184.pdf.
Texto completoVerit, Isabel. "Micro-Usinage par laser femtoseconde : Fabrication d'une microfibre glomérulaire perfusée". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0159.
Texto completoThe demand for organ transplantation has rapidly increased during the past decades due to the increased incidence of vital organ failure and the greater improvement in post-transplant outcome. However, the unavailability of adequate organs for transplantation to meet the existing demand has resulted in major organ shortage crisis. Today, the emergence of regenerative medicine and more particularly, tissue engineering, appears as the best opportunity to effectively regenerate functional tissues and organs. However, these approaches face the 3D architectural complexity of a real organ’s system. More particularly, one of the most challenging issues when engineering tissues is the lack of an efficient method to produce blood vessel systems — the vascularization. Without nutrients and oxygen supply, cells die, and engineered tissues show cell necrosis.This project is a collaboration between the French laboratory of tissue engineering BioTis – INSERM U1026 and the technological centre in optics and lasers ALPhANOV. The aim of this project is to develop a model of perfusable glomerular microcapillary that would mimic glomerular filtration. Microfibres was crafted in the BioTis lab with a core made of collagen hydrogel and a peripheric cell bilayer. This thesis focuses on the creation of a channel within the collagen core using femtosecond laser processing. Following the principle of industrialized intra-volume laser microprocessing of transparent materials, ultra-short laser pulses were strongly focused inside collagen hydrogel to induce the formation of a channel through cavitation phenomena without affecting the cell bilayer
Hélie, David. "Développement de procédés de micro-usinage de matériaux optiques au laser femtoseconde". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25446.
Texto completoWithin the research described in this thesis, femtosecond (fs) laser pulses are utilized as a surgical tool to join optical materials. When these sub 100 fs pulses are transmitted through a first material (typically glass) and focussed at the interface between the first and second materials, the nonlinear ionization of matter will generate a weld localized solely inside the irradiated region without thermally affecting its surroundings. The second material may be of identical or different composition to that of the first, either transparent or opaque. The joining surfaces must be put in optical contact beforehand, so we used the direct bonding technique to eliminate any pending gap between them. This technique consists in using materials with very flat polished surfaces so as to induce optical contact ideally throughout the whole area between the bonding surfaces. The materials will thus be prebonded by Van der Waals forces prior to welding. It is customary to reinforce the direct bond by thermal annealing, which is however unpractical for dissimilar material combinations since the uneven thermal dilatation will lift-off the optical contact. We propose the use of fs laser welding as an alternative to thermal annealing to reinforce such assemblies. Since no macroscopic heating is induced, this technique is applicable to both similar and dissimilar material combinations. Reinforcement is produced by the inscription of multiple weld lines at the periphery of the direct bonded area in a closed shape pattern. The region sealed by the weld seams defines an optical transmission window where the optical transparency of the assembly is maintained. The weld lines at the periphery protect this window against lift-off of optical contact initiated by mechanical and/or thermal constraints. This process was adapted to two specific applications which greatly profit from the aforementioned benefits. Firstly, a microscopic endcap made of glass was welded to the polished tip of regular and microstructured optical fibers. Subsequently, a crystal disc acting as a laser medium was joined to a semi-conductor heat sink. These applications demonstrate the great versatility and miniaturisation potential of the novel joining process developed during this doctorate, which combines fs laser welding and direct bonding.
Bruneau, Sébastien. "Etude de l'interaction laser-matière en régime femtoseconde : application au micro-usinage". Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22050.pdf.
Texto completoLe, Harzic Ronan. "Etude des procédés laser femtoseconde pour le micro-usinage à effets thermiques limités". Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET4007.
Texto completoThe studies presented in this thesis underline the real potential of femtosecond lasers for micromachining applications and insist on the control and use of the amplified laser chains. The experimental devices for the control of micromachining require the control of many parameters, as mechanical, data-processing or optical. Various techniques of machining were worked out to increase the quality of machining and drilling and systematic studies were undertaken in the case of metals including fluence and repetition rate dependence. A comparison of the heating effects on the edges of holes drilled in femtosecond and nanosecond regime was performed with an experimental approach (TTM measurements) and with a modelization. This was based on the use of a 2 temperatures model. Finally complementary results, in particular on silicon micromachining and tests of wave guide photowritting illustrate the wide applicability field of the ultra-short laser pulses
Lebugle, Maxime. "Etude des phénomènes d'absorption laser en régime femtoseconde pour l'ablation de matériaux diélectriques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4091/document.
Texto completoThis thesis concerns femtosecond laser absorption in dielectrics in the context of micromachining processes of glass materials. Prospected applications of this technology are optical component micro-fabrication, smart glass manufacturing, or photovoltaic cell patterning. In this context, we focus on the characterization in time and space of the absorption mechanisms occurring at the surface of irradiated dielectric materials (fused silica and sapphire). Using near-IR ultrashort pulses (30 − 450 fs) laser energy coupling efficiency for material ablation is studied at mid-intensities (1-100 TW/cm²) through two experiments. A pump-probe scheme determines the electron-hole plasma dynamics at femtosecond timescale and a laser depletion experiment measures the material absorption. A morphological study of the samples is performed, evaluating the damage and ablation thresholds as well as ablation morphologies. We then establish an energy balance of laser absorption responsible of matter removal. Typical energy densities reached are estimated through experiments and confronted to a propagative model. It is shown that the amount of absorbed energy is far above the bonding energy of the material at rest, suggesting that the major part of the absorbed energy is spent to heat the free electron gas. Finally, we propose a technological analysis of the experimental data. The interest of sub-100 fs laser pulses for photonic processes is evidenced, however at the cost of additional complexity. It provides guidelines for efficient direct laser ablation, making the results relevant for femtosecond processes
Frangelakis, Fotios. "Controlling and upscaling laser induced surface morphology : from tens of microns to tens of nanometres". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0021/document.
Texto completoCurrent industrial markets demand highly value-added products offering new features at a low-cost. Among the most desired functionalities are surface colouring and blackening, anti-icing, anti-biofouling, wear reduction and anti-reflectivity. Laser surface processing holds a virtually endless potential in surface functionalization since it can generate versatile surface properties by modifying surface morphology and chemistry. Nevertheless, developing functional surfaces for implementation in the industry requires action on three levels. The first is to connect the macro-scale surface properties (colour, mechanical resistance, chemical stability, ageing) and the micro & nano-scale morphology. The second is to increase the level of control over the laser induced morphology in the near micron and submicron scale. The third is to upscale the lab-developed process both in terms of processed area and cycle time. Functional textures found in nature can be used as a guideline for connecting the surface texture with the surface property. It is well established that different textures can enable different functionalities. Nevertheless, the level of control of the laser induced morphology has to be improved significantly in order to allow one to mimic nature’s examples. Increase of control requires an in-deep understanding of the physical mechanisms that lead to nanostructure formation. To this end, we carry out a comprehensive parametric study of fs processing on stainless steel. The impact of wavelength, overlap, fluence, dose, repetition rate, polarization and interpulse delay in the induced morphology was investigated.We investigate several techniques to achieve controlled laser structuring in the submicron regime. Ripples of a few tens of nanometres were obtained with a UV laser. Double pulses were employed to further control the submicron structures. Structures of different size and symmetry were obtained in different delays underlining the key role of the interpulse delay (Δτ). Homogeneous triangular and square 2D-LIPSS were obtained for Δτ smaller than 5 ps and 500 ps, respectively. Process parameters and particularly fluence and polarization were found to play also a role in the laser induced feature characteristics. In a complementary set of experiments, we show that similar results can be obtained for small delays with a robust setup of birefringent crystals. In the above micron regime, trains of single pulses were employed for controlling the surface morphology. Fluence, dose and repetition rate, were varied to show a systematic variation of spikes in the range of tens of micrometers. Combining our experimental results with simulation data we underline the key role of heat accumulation on the structures size. Finally, we proposed an upscaling strategy showing the possibility to exploit repetition rates up to 10 MHz for laser texturing.In the upscaling part, areas much larger than the spot size were textured homogenously using high repetition rate laser and innovative laser positioning systems. Nanometric ripples induced by UV laser act as a subwavelength grating. Laser induced nano roughness exhibits superhydrophobic properties. Uniform distribution of well-defined, sub-wavelength, 2D-LIPSS was successfully generated over ~1 cm2. The final surface exhibits multiple axis iridescence giving a holographic effect. Employing a 10 MHz laser surface was textured at a rate of ~ 1 min/cm2 almost 60 times faster compared to our starting point. Lastly, surface blackening was achieved at a rate of ~ 9 sec/cm2.In conclusion, valuable data were provided both in surface functionalization, in understanding and controlling of laser induced structuring and in upscaling a lab developed process. We believe that our results open the way for exploiting fs laser texturing in everyday applications employing up to date laser sources and positioning systems
Landon, Sébastien. "Micro- et nano-usinage par laser à impulsions ultracourtes : amélioration de procédés par des méthodes tout optique". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719223.
Texto completoBaubeau, Emmanuel. "Etude et réalisation d'une chaine laser femtoseconde haute cadence de haute puissance moyenne : applications au micro-usinage". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112326.
Texto completoSince the early 90's, much progress has been done in the field of ultrashort laser sources, mostly based on Ti:sapphire crystals. The shortest pulse duration and the highest energy were the main goals of these developments. In the same time, few work has been done on high-repetition rate sources (more than ten kilohertz). The first part of this work is dedicated to the study of a 15 kHz femtoseconde laser source with high average power. The pump laser is a 100-W Hybrid copper vapour laser. Thermal effects inside the crystals are carefully studied as well as the design of a regenerative cavity and multi-pass amplifiers taking into account these thermal problems. The second part deals with a particular application of these high-repetition rate sources: micro-machining. Experimental results are shown, mostly on metals. To have a comprehensive approach of the specificity of laser-matter in the femtosecond regime, a two-temperature model is developped. It leads to a simulation of the thermal diffusion length, bath axially and radially. The results shows a striking difference between nanosecond and femtosecond regime
Sanner, Nicolas. "Mise en forme programmable de faisceau laser femtoseconde pour le micro-usinage et la photoinscription de guides d'ondes". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122731.
Texto completoLa première partie de ce mémoire expose la conception et la réalisation d'un système d'optique adaptative permettant la mise en forme spatiale de faisceau au point focal d'une lentille. Ce dispositif original est basé sur un modulateur de front d'onde à cristaux liquides, utilisé comme lame de phase programmable de haute résolution. Une correction fine des aberrations du faisceau est démontrée, de manière à obtenir une surface d'onde quasi-plane en temps réel, et donc un point focal limité par diffraction. Puis, par modulation contrôlée de la phase spatiale, une mise en forme programmable de tache focale est réalisée, suivant une forme de faisceau arbitraire définie par l'utilisateur. Une variété de motifs de grande qualité ont été obtenus au point focal d'une lentille sur des dimensions réduites (70 µm) : top-hat, carré, anneau, triangle, rectangle.
Dans la seconde partie, ce dispositif est mis à profit pour l'interaction laser-matière femtoseconde, où le matériau est modifié essentiellement dans la zone irradiée : micro-usinage en surface (métaux) et micro-structuration en volume (diélectriques transparents).
La mise en forme de faisceau rend accessible l'usinage direct de formes complexes, tandis que la correction de front d'onde permet la photoinscription contrôlée de guides d'ondes via la modification locale d'indice de réfraction. Un gain appréciable de qualité, de précision et de contrôle est démontré, permettant à la fois l'optimisation et l'extension des procédés applicatifs des lasers en régime femtoseconde.
Varkentina, Nadezda. "Intéraction laser femtoseconde - diélectrique à intensité modérée : Analyse du dépôt d' énergie et application à l' ablation de la silice fondue et de la cornée". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4024.
Texto completoNumerous fundamental processes take place on time scales from several femtoseconds to hundreds of picoseconds. Moreover, the continuous demands of downscaling and increase of precision in the cutting-edge micromachining industry require the comprehension of the physical mechanisms and the identification of key laser parameters for an optimized use of femtosecond laser systems. Those systems shall allow production of controlled and calibrated micrometer-size structures with high spatial selectivity. In this PhD work, we study the interaction of a femtosecond laser (500 fs @ 1025 nm) with a dielectric target using a dedicated test-bench. The first part of this work describes the fundamental aspects of laser energy deposition in dielectrics (SiO2), its redistribution to the lattice and the process of laser ablation by means of pump-pump and time-resolved pump-probe experiments. The experimental study is accompanied by a computational modeling taking into account the beam propagation (one-dimensional Helmholtz equation), the non-equilibrium process of the energy deposition (two-temperature model) and the matter ionisation (rate equation describing the free electron density change). Finally, we put in evidence the interest of femtosecond lasers for material modification (notably for surface damage and ablation) which high specific benefit in such applications as micromachining and laser corneal surgery
Valette, Stéphane. "Effets thermiques dus à l'interaction laser-matière dans les métaux en régime femtoseconde". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004642.
Texto completoAlawar, Maya. "Micromachining and Packaging of Smart Probes for mmW on-Wafer Measurements". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILN036.
Texto completoAdvanced silicon technologies, such as BiCMOS B55X from STMicroelectronics, which target fT/fmax cutoff frequencies above 400 GHz, are enabling the development of silicon circuits in the 140-220 GHz range (G-band). To validate these technologies, microwave characterization methods for on-wafer measurements are essential to extract the figures of merit of transistors, passive circuitry and associated parasitics. However, broadband circuits like noise sources (NS), noise receivers and impedance tuners at these frequencies are very incompletely covered by the market offer. Previous research demonstrated that embedding measurement functions directly onto silicon in BiCMOS B55 technology is possible, but this in-situ approach or built-in self-test (BIST) has certain limitations, particularly in terms of the silicon surface allocated to the test circuits alone and also because embedded BIST instrumentation cannot be used for another technology.This thesis broadens the applicability of measurement instrumentation beyond the B55X process and aims to reduce testing costs by transitioning from BIST to smart probes. This new approach focuses on integrating measurement functions into compact systems placed as close as possible to the measurement probes for ex-situ measurements.Building on earlier research achievement as part of a previous thesis, the first-ever packaged NS based on SiGe BiCMOS 55-nm technology was developed and characterized in two distinct configurations. In a first flavor, on-wafer noise measurements yielded an extracted excess noise ratio (ENRav) level of 37 dB in the 140-170 GHz. In an alternative approach, the NS was packaged in a split-block with a WR5.1 flange termination for connection to commercial passive probes, achieving an ENRav level of up to 25 dB in 140-220 GHz corresponding to a 12 dB ENR reduction when compared to the on-wafer measurements.To improve on this work, a key achievement of the present thesis is the development of Ground-Signal-Ground (GSG) probes for on-wafer measurements fabricated using femtosecond laser micromachining with a resolution between 5-10 µm. These probes made from 100 µm thick Schott AF32 glass substrate bonded to a 10 µm thick nickel sheet, demonstrate improved mechanical durability and electrical performance. Nickel was chosen for the tip contacts due to its mechanical hardness and superior electrical properties, which minimize contact resistance and extend probe lifespan. Mechanical testing revealed that while glass-only probes failed at a contact force of 196 mN, the nickel-glass probes withstood forces up to 667 mN. Additionally, these probes achieved low-resistance electrical contacts (0.05 Ω above 6 mN), as verified through four-wire measurements on a single contact point.Furthermore, this research introduces a novel substrate technology that integrates an amplified NS B55X chip onto a glass interposer to reduce dielectric and transition losses. Using femtosecond laser micromachining, the interconnects are precisely structured, allowing the integration of the NS chip on the same substrate used to manufacture the coplanar probing tips, with the advantage of simplifying the signal propagation path. This system achieved a tunable ENRav level of up to 29 dB in the 140-170 GHz range, with constant output impedance matching better than -12 dB across the entire frequency band. This innovation allows for the integration of the GSG probes with the NS to perform on-wafer noise measurements.This research opens new possibilities for cost-effective, scalable millimeter-wave active probes for on-wafer measurements. Their adaptable design makes them suitable for diverse applications, advancing circuit characterization and high-frequency semiconductor testing
Machinet, Guillaume. "Développement de sources lasers femtosecondes ytterbium à très haute cadence et applications". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14999/document.
Texto completoThis work concerns the development of high repetition rate femtosecond lasers with high average power (>10 W)and energies in excess of 100 μJ. Such lasers are paramount for the development of new industrial applications(athermal micro-drilling, eye surgery, ...) and for fundamental research on high repetition rate laser matter interactionstudies.After a brief introduction and the state of the art summary on high-average power femtosecond laser with ytterbiumdoped materials, a compact high-average power femtosecond laser with a large mode area microstructured rod typeamplifier will be presented. It will browse the main limitations in terms of energy and average power. Limitationsare mainly due to the strong confinement of the electric field propagating in the fibre core leading to non-linear effectsaccumulated during the amplification. On the other hand, for larger core diameter (> 70 μm), the fundamental modeguiding (TEM00) is very weak and thus very sensitive to the internal thermal load of the fibre.This laser source has been used in two specific applications: athermal drilling of thick stainless steel plate for mineclearing(an application of interest for the Direction Générale de l’Armement) and High order Harmonics Generationat high repetition rate (related to CELIA activities). These two applications are presented in the third chapter.In order to stretch the limits and generate more energetic and a shorter pulse, a new amplification scheme has beenproposed, namely high brightness optical pumping of ytterbium doped materials. This concept presented in the lastchapter benefits from the development of high average power single-mode fibre lasers source emitting at 976 nm.This amplification scheme allowed us to realize a high average power Kerr-lens oscillator delivering pulses with apulse duration below than 70 fs and an average power of 2.3W at a repetition rate of 73 MHz. In a second phase, wealso developed a « booster » amplifier with a high single- pass-gain. These two results have been obtained by usingYb-doped CaF2 crystals. This material presents the advantage to have a very broad emission bandwidth (> 60nm)suitable to generate and amplify femtosecond pulses and to be compatible with high average power laser due to hisvery good thermal conductivity
Malkhasyan, Vahan. "Femtosecond laser structuration of surfaces and replication on polymer for contactless blood analysis". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD007.
Texto completoThe purpose of the present work is to develop a new technology for non-contact blood analysis. Femtosecond pulsed lasers were used to introduce surface geometries that have super-wetting properties for human blood fluid. Complete laser-matter interaction cartographies for stainless steel sample and glass were built to identify threshold values for different regimes. Dynamic laser processing parameters for these materials were determined, in order to fabricate surfaces with desired structures at micro and sub-micron scales, as well as at double scale. To meet the demand of high volume and cost-effective production of super-wetting surfaces, concept of laser fabricated pattern transfer from stainless steel molds to polymers was studied.Successful replication of laser induced micro-scale, sub-micron scale and double scale geometries on surface area in the order of few square centimeters was reported. Wettability as a function of the size and type of surface structures was established. Spreading tests with human blood exhibited hemi-wicking dynamics with partial spreading. A complete wetting was recorded for water diluted blood followed by formation of single layer blood cells. Primarily fabricated for polymer replication tests, wettability of steel mold was also measured. Once natural oxide layer was formed on the surface, ultra-high water contact angle was measured (145.7°)