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Martynyuk, Alla y Olga Meleshchenko. "Socio-pragmatic potential of (verbo)-visual metaphtonymy in Internet memes featuring Donald Trump". Metaphor and the Social World 12, n.º 1 (13 de diciembre de 2021): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.20010.mar.
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Abstract The present study explores (verbo)-visual metaphtonymy in Twitter-based Internet memes featuring Donald Trump, focusing both on the patterns of conceptual interaction of metaphor and metonymy and their socio-pragmatic potential to influence Internet users. The results of the study reveal four types of (verbo)-visual metaphtonymy employed in the analyzed Internet memes. The types are differentiated in accordance with the complexity of the metaphoric source: metaphtonymy with a simple metaphoric source, metaphtonymy with a metaphoric source structured by simple metonymy, metaphtonymy with a metaphoric source structured by metonymic chain, and metaphtonymy with a metaphoric source structured by radial metonymy. In all the four types, the metaphoric target is structured by metonymic amalgam – a metonymic complex in which metonymies that are based on different ICMs merge due to the association of contiguity that is relevant in the current communicative and social/political context. Besides metonymic amalgam, the study introduces the notion of radial metonymy – a metonymic complex that emerges when one metonymic source gives access to several metonymic targets. We argue that the analyzed metaphtonymies rest on conceptual incongruity created to trigger negative evaluative inferences and emotional responses to shape Trump’s image.
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Zhang, Weiwei, Dirk Speelman y Dirk Geeraerts. "Cross-linguistic variation in metonymies for PERSON". Review of Cognitive Linguistics 13, n.º 1 (23 de junio de 2015): 220–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.13.1.09zha.
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This paper investigates metonymies for person in Chinese and English in the framework of Cognitive Linguistics with an emphasis on cross-linguistic variation. Our central goal is to highlight the important role of cultural elements on the use of metonymy. Three main types of cross-linguistic variation were found at different degrees of granularities of metonymies: variation in metonymic patterns for the general target category person, variation in metonymic patterns for a specific kind of person, and variation in metonymic sources in a specific pattern. The variation was examined against its cultural background, and we conclude that some cross-linguistic differences are to a large extent rooted in culturally relevant factors. The findings suggest that although bodily experience as the general cognitive basis for metonymic pattern/source selection implies the universality of metonymies across different languages, cultural elements contribute to the language-specific preferences for metonymies of a given target.
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Jódar-Sánchez, José Antonio. "Metonymy in human interaction". Cognitive Linguistic Studies 4, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2017): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00004.jod.
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Abstract Human communication is based on mutual interaction between participants. Much of this communication is linguistic in nature. Language is structured by grammar and grammar is inherently metonymic (Langacker 2009). Thus, language and interaction must be metonymic. In this article, I explore the metonymic basis of human interaction in both its linguistic and non-linguistic aspects. First, I make a distinction between linguistic and cultural metonymy. Both have a conceptual basis. The former, extensively studied from the view of cognitive linguistics, has a linguistic source. The latter, found in fields as diverse as art, theater, and film, does not necessarily have a linguistic source. The broader concept of cultural metonymy seems to structure human interaction. Second, I delineate distinguishing factors between the two types of metonymies. Those are the nature of the source and the (mis)match in the intentionality of producer and perceiver. Third, I make an overview and provide real examples of what aspects of human interaction are metonymic. Its elements, including the content of the message, the identity, proxemics, and kinesics of the participants, and the context of the interaction, can be metonymic. Its processes, namely those of language production and reception, are as well inherently metonymic. Overall, I show that metonymy, understood as relatedness or association, pervades human interaction and plays an important role in its success.
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Azzahraa El Yamlahi, Fatima y María Enriqueta Cortés de los Ríos. "Examining the metonymic relation between a brand name and a product: A case study of Moroccan cosmetic brand names". Ibérica, n.º 44 (13 de diciembre de 2022): 391–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.17398/2340-2784.44.391.
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This paper takes a cognitive perspective on the semantics of Moroccan brand names, an unexplored territory so far, and analyzes the role of the metonymy in a corpus-based analysis in cosmetic brand names. More particularly, we focus on the following: to shed some light on the metonymic cognitive operations in these names (domain expansion and domain reduction metonymies together with metonymic chains), to determine the occurrence frequency of metonymy in comparison to metaphor, to reveal the modes (visual, verbal) in which the brand names are manifested, and to examine if there is any connection between the type of cosmetics and the metonymic operations cued. In this light, the paper yields some significant findings: the most salient feature in our corpus is the low occurrence frequency of reduction metonymy that is largely outnumbered by its converse operations, expansion metonymy. Metonymic complexes are highly productive mechanisms for cosmetic brand-name creation, especially their significant presence in skincare and makeup brands. In this way, the conscious use of these mechanisms by brand designers can help in boosting brand identity and help in building a favorable brand image in an economical way.
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Zhang, Weiwei, Dirk Speelman y Dirk Geeraerts. "Variation in the (non)metonymic capital names in Mainland Chinese and Taiwan Chinese". Metaphor and the Social World 1, n.º 1 (22 de julio de 2011): 90–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.1.1.09zha.
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This paper examines the (non)metonymic usage of capital names in news articles from Mainland Chinese and Taiwan Chinese and shows that this phenomenon is actually more complex than might have been expected. We annotated capital names extracted from a self-built news corpus with insights from previous studies on place name metonymies in Cognitive Linguistics and identified factors that would influence their (non)metonymic usage. To quantitatively explore the data, logistic regression analysis was employed. The statistical results reveal that the variation in the (non)metonymic capital names is a result of an intricate interplay of a number of conceptual, lectal and discursive factors: (1) more metonymic capital names are found in subject than non-subject position and in political than non-political news topics; types of capital may influence their metonymic usage; (2) differences between Mainland Chinese and Taiwan Chinese cannot be ignored, especially for the interpretation of a specific metonymy, i.e. CAPITAL FOR GOVERNMENT; (3) the (non)metonymic usage of a capital name is also determined by its sequencing and location in discourse. We hope this study may shed some light on the usage-based trend of current Cognitive Linguistics, i.e. investigating metonymy in authentic linguistic data by a range of empirical methodologies.
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Putayeva, Elnara. "Metonymic Words and Expressions Characteristic of American English". International Journal of English Language Studies 2, n.º 4 (30 de octubre de 2020): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2020.2.4.7.
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When a particular metonymic word or expression is used, it is necessary to have certain cultural and historical knowledge in order to understand what is concealed within these metonymic expressions. Sometimes these metonymic expressions reveal the variety and characteristic features of a culture and give an idea of its being different from others. In the following paper the main intention is to analyze metonymic expressions in American English and to indicate variety that they bring to the speech of language carriers. Metonymy is also used in everyday language in order to give a more colorful and precise expression to ideas. Metonymies are approached as conceptual processes of extension, i.e. they are not so much relationships between words as relationships between concepts. It is interesting to note from a methodological point of view that while research on metaphor, cognitive or otherwise, has been able to focus on its object of matter without necessarily considering metonymy, things are quite different when metonymy comes under analysis. People with resembling cultural backgrounds and many similarities in common may share similar metonymic expressions, but for those who do not have the same cultural background it could sound like a challenge. Metonymy is accordingly a relevant linguistic device that plays a key role in the study of language and culture, and in understanding the speech of people from different cultures. The variety that these expressions cover may range from proper names to names of food and meals.
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Herrero Ruiz, Javier. "Metaphor and metonymy in jokes". Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 32, n.º 2 (5 de noviembre de 2019): 650–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.16047.her.
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Abstract Over the last few years there has been a rapprochement between Cognitive Linguistics and semantic theories of humour based on the notion of script or frame. By drawing on Ritchie’s version of the theory of frame-shifting (2005) and reviewing the cognitive linguistic account of humour, we shall demonstrate how the interpretation of jokes containing a metaphor or a metonymy involves two cognitive-pragmatic tasks: the completion of the metaphorical/metonymic mapping that results in a new frame, and the resolution of the joke’s incongruity via a contrast with the surrounding frames of the joke. We also develop a classification of frame shifts according to their ontological structure (non-metaphorical/metonymic shifts and shifts based on metaphorical and/or metonymic reasoning) and the degree of the interpreter’s inferential activity (conceptual filling out and metaphor/metonymy replacement). In doing so, we attempt to identify some of the defining features of humorous metaphors and metonymies, as well as other phenomena that may also characterise jokes.
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Adam, Muhammad, Siti Hafsah y Wahyuni Wahyuni. "Kartini and Srikandi: Representation of Women in Indonesian Political Discourse through Metonymy". Journal of Language and Literature 21, n.º 1 (16 de marzo de 2021): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v21i1.3000.
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The representation of women in politics is one of the most discussed topics in Indonesian political discourse, including political discourse in media, particularly in the Indonesian context. Two metonymies are commonly used to refer to women politicians in the Indonesian context, the first is Srikandi and the second is Kartini, both are well-known figures in Indonesian history and culture. This paper discusses the use of those two metonymies to speak about women politicians in Indonesian political discourse. The focus of the investigation is the extent of the use of the metonymy across political parties and Indonesian political level, from national to local, and the influence of the context of time to the metonymy chosen in a particular discourse. The study will also examine the characteristics that are associated with the two figures that are highlighted in metonymic use. The study is descriptive qualitative with Conceptual Metaphor Theory – CMT as the theoretical background with ten data from news headlines that are purposively chosen for this study. The result shows that the metonymic use of both figures is extensive across parties and political levels. It is also found that the context plays important role in the use of Kartini particularly during the celebration of Kartini day on April 21; Whereas the notions of women empowerment are not reflected from all metonymic use. Thus, the text producers should not only use Kartini and Srikandi as metonymy just because of gender relatedness but should reflect more on women empowerment.
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Yin, Chia-Hsin y Fan-Pei Gloria Yang. "The Effects of Working Memory Capacity in Metaphor and Metonymy Comprehension in Mandarin-English Bilinguals’ Minds: An fMRI Study". Brain Sciences 12, n.º 5 (11 de mayo de 2022): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12050633.
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This study investigated the role of working memory capacity (WMC) in metaphoric and metonymic processing in Mandarin–English bilinguals’ minds. It also explored the neural correlations between metaphor and metonymy computations. We adopted event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design, which consisted of 21 English dialogic sets of stimuli and created five conditions: systematic literal, circumstantial literal, metaphor, systematic metonymy, and circumstantial metonymy, contextualizing in daily conversations. A similar fronto-temporal network for the figurative language processing pattern was found: superior temporal gyrus (STG) for metaphorical comprehension and inferior parietal junction (IPJ) for metonymic processing. Consistent brain regions were identified in previous studies, in the homologue Right Hemisphere, in better WMC bilinguals. The degree to which bilateral strategies that bilinguals with better WMC or larger vocabulary size resort to is differently modulated by subtypes of metonymies. In particular, when processing circumstantial metonymy, cuneus (where putamen is contained) was activated as higher span bilinguals filtered out irrelevant information, resorting to inhibitory control use. Cingulate gyrus activation was also revealed in better WMC bilinguals, reflecting their mental flexibility to adopt the subjective perspective of critical figurative items by self-control. It is hoped that this research provides a better understanding of Mandarin–English bilinguals’ English metaphoric and metonymic processing in Taiwan.
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Petrova, O. O. "Metonymy in Sasha Cherny and Vladimir Vysotsky’s Poetry". Prepodavatel XXI vek, n.º 2, 2020 (2020): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2020-2-349-358.
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The article deals with the description of lexical metonymy in Sasha Cherny and Vladimir Vysotsky’s poetry. The author notes the most frequent models of the metonymic transfer of meanings characteristic of the works of both poets, illustrating them with numerous examples from the texts. The article identifies models of substantive, adjective and verbal metonymy. The author emphasizes that in Sasha Cherny’s poems substantive metonymy prevails. Adjective and verbal metonymic transfers of meanings are less represented. Specific features of metonymy in Vladimir Vysotsky’s poetry are noted. Characteristic features of V. Vysotsky’s poems are such linguistic phenomena as metonymic concretization and generalization, an abundance of verbal metonymic hyphenation, as well as inverse actant metonymy in nouns. The observations made by the author can be useful for both linguists and philologist experts in literature.
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Moritz, Ivana y Ivana Marinić. "The Use of Visual Metonymy in English Textbooks for Young Learners: Evidence From Croatia". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2023): 286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1302.03.
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Multimodal communication is found in modern discourse types, including textbooks, influencing the attitude and motivation in message interpretation. The paper will explore instances of visual metonymy in English textbooks for young learners (grades 1-4) approved by the Ministry of Science and Education in the Republic of Croatia. Metonymy is qualitatively simpler than conceptual metaphor (Rundblad & Annaz, 2010), requires less cognitive effort to process and is, therefore, more salient in textbooks for children. Previous studies (Guijarro, 2015; Littlemore, 2009) indicated its important role in both these fields of authors' interest. The occurrences of visual metonymy in the approved textbooks will be collected, analysed and grouped according to the metonymic target (actions, emotions, occupations, etc.). The results will show which concepts appear most commonly as metonymic targets in the visual form in the textbooks and attempt to determine their appropriateness for the chronological, mental and cognitive age of children. Also, the functions of visual metonymies will be identified.
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Milkevich, Yelena S. "Cognitive Metonymic Models of ‘Hollywood’: Corpus Analysis". Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2020, n.º 2 (22 de junio de 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2020-2-63-70.
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Within the framework of cognitive linguistics metonymy exists only between concepts belonging to the same Idealized Cognitive Model (ICM). Metonymic relationships between concepts are not chaotic but regulated by a set of cognitive and communicative principles. They dictate the choice of metonymic source and metonymic target. Cognitive linguistics also assume, that we think in terms of metaphor and metonymy, so they are not examples of our creativity in figurative language, but regular, standard and default. This fact is proven by numerous data from text corpora. The case study of the article is the ICM ‘Hollywood’ and its metonymic models.
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Moya-Guijarro, Arsenio Jesús y Begoña Ruiz Cordero. "A multimodal cognitive analysis of visual metonymies in picture books featuring same-sex-parent families". Review of Cognitive Linguistics 18, n.º 2 (4 de diciembre de 2020): 372–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00064.moy.
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Abstract Verbal metaphor and also metonymy have been theorized from a conceptual perspective since Lakoff and Johnson published Metaphors we live by in the 1980s. However, the final years of the twentieth century saw a new approach into non-verbal monomodal or multimodal tropes (Forceville & Urios-Aparisi, 2009). In an attempt to expand upon the theorization and communicative functions of visual metonymies, this study aims to explore the meaning potential of metonymic representations of characters in a sample of six picture books which portray same-sex-parent families. A multimodal cognitive approach has been adopted to find out whether, and if so how, metonymic representations of characters contribute to the positive portrayal and acceptance of same-sex-parent families in children’s picture books. The results reveal that monomodal visual metonymies are essentially used to introduce new characters in the story and highlight important aspects of the plot which boost the acceptance of non-traditional families.
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Villacañas, Beatriz y Michael White. "Pictorial metonymy as creativity source in “Purificación García” advertising campaigns". Metaphor and the Social World 3, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2013): 220–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.3.2.06vil.
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This article examines “Purificación García” advertising campaigns from 1999 to 2013, showing them to be consistently driven by pictorial metonymy. The campaigns systematically use pictorial images, dispensing with ad hoc explanatory linguistic material and do not portray end commercial products. Initial puzzlement is offset by the perception of a metonymic link that leads to the textile world in all cases. Our analysis reveals three recurrent structural patterns: two distinct metonymy sources, metonymic blends arising from the co-occurrence of the two metonymic sources and metonymy motivating metaphor. We argue that the maintenance of this strategy over the years establishes a family resemblance with successive campaigns setting up an anaphoric relationship with preceding ones, thereby mitigating puzzlement and favouring understanding. Creativity derives from the figurative twists given to literally mundane objects, from the metonymic sources, their blends and from the resulting metaphors.
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Vu, Nguyen Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Thu Van y Nguyen Thi Hong Lien. "Cross-linguistic Analysis of Metonymic Conceptualization of Personality in English and Vietnamese Idioms Containing "Head", "Face" and “Eyes”". International Journal of English Language Studies 2, n.º 4 (30 de octubre de 2020): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2020.2.4.3.
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Research on idioms from the point of view of cognitive linguistics, in particular through conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy in cognitive semantics, has been steadily growing. While there have been quite a few investigations into the role of conceptual metaphors in meaning formation, conceptual metonymies are still left underexplored. This article examines the role of metonymic conceptualization of personality in English and Vietnamese idioms containing "head", "face" and “eyes” from the conceptual metonymy theory of cognitive linguistics. With analyzed examples from 713 English languages and 947 Vietnamese idioms of body parts collected, the article shows that metonymic conceptualization plays an essential part in the formation of meaning. There are many similarities in the way "head", "face" and “eyes” are conceptualized for personality in both English and Vietnamese cultures. However, why Vietnamese body part idioms use a lot of symbolic pairs, English idioms do not. The study suggests more attention to conceptual metonymy in teaching idioms in order to help students infer idiomatic meanings. Rather than asking students to learn by heart the composite meaning of idioms, teachers should encourage them to guess the idiomatic meaning. Besides, conceptual metonymy should be explained to students since it helps language learners infer idiomatic meaning and retain it longer.
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Matusz, Łukasz. "I will see it done: Metonymic extensions of the verb see in English". Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies, n.º 31(4) (2020): 88–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cr.2020.31.4.05.
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English verbs of perception appear to be significant generators of divergent polysemous senses. The aim of this paper is to propose a dictionary study of the verb see. It appears that many semantic extensions of the term are metonymic in nature, because they are motivated by metonymic shifts within specific State-of-Affairs Scenarios (SASs). Three distinct dictionary sources are consulted in order to identify different metonymic extensions of the verb see. The majority of the database samples appear to belong to the part for whole propositional metonymy category (a stage of SAS for SAS). The conceptual link between seeing and intellectual comprehension is complex and appears to require the discussion of metonymy–metaphor interaction for its fuller explanation. The analysis is followed by conclusions drawn from the database study, as well as suggestions for future research in the field of metonymic extensions of English terms of visual perception.
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Ioannou, Georgios. "Metonymy and frame integration: Interfacing between concepts and discourse". Topics in Linguistics 20, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/topling-2019-0001.
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Abstract This article inquiries into specific aspects of the relation between conceptual contiguity found in metonymic shifts and the online construction of frames, seen as a dynamic process of construal. It first reviews the theory of metonymy regarding the conceptual, lexical and contextual facets of the phenomenon. It then explores the possibility of extending the conceptual relevance of metonymy beyond the traditional typological approach of metonymic categorization, re-interpreting it as a frame-integration mechanism, or blending, whereby two frames are brought together into an extended ICM. Metonymic blending is formulated as a partial integration between two input spaces discursively driven, whereby an ad hoc identification of a referential commonness plays the role of the generic space of the blending. Subsequently, in the light of the assumption that frame-extension is not given categorically but it also includes – beyond its cognitive relevance – an interactional aspect, this analysis draws an interesting link: that between the generic space of metonymic blend, and common ground. The latter is precisely what facilitates the metonymic blend, regulating the distance between the integrated frames, at the same time remaining silent as discursively given information.
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Chen, Xianglan, Fang Li, Yachao Duan y Yahui Duan. "The length of preceding context influences metonymy processing". Review of Cognitive Linguistics 17, n.º 1 (20 de agosto de 2019): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00033.che.
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Abstract Earlier studies have shown that conceptually supportive context is an important factor in the comprehension of metaphors (Inhoff, Lima, & Carroll, 1984; Ortony, Schallert, Reynolds, & Antos, 1978). However, little empirical evidence has been found so far regarding contextual effects on metonymy processing (Lowder & Gordon, 2013). Implementing an eye-tracking experiment with Chinese materials, this present paper investigated whether and how preceding contextual information affects the processing of metonymy. The results show that for unfamiliar metonymies, it takes readers longer time to interpret unfamiliar metonymies than to literally interpret them given a shorter context. However, the processing disparity between metonymic comprehension and literal comprehension disappears when longer supportive information is available in the preceding context. These results are analogous to those found for metaphors and familiar metonymies, supporting the parallel model of language processing. In addition, our results suggest that the presence of supportive preceding context facilitates the processing of unfamiliar metonymies more than it does to the literal controls.
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Feng, William Dezheng. "Metonymy and visual representation: towards a social semiotic framework of visual metonymy". Visual Communication 16, n.º 4 (26 de septiembre de 2017): 441–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357217717142.
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This study proposes that metonymy is fundamental to visual meaning making and develops a social semiotic framework to elucidate how conceptual metonymies are realized in both static and moving images. While we all accept that visual images are iconic, this study demonstrates systematically that they are also indexical (i.e. metonymic), in terms of their representation of both objects/events and abstract concepts. Based on the social semiotic visual grammar of Kress and Van Leeuwen’s Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (2006), systems of metonymy in actional, reactional, classificational and analytical processes are developed to map out the types of metonymies in visual representation. The metonymy systems bring a wide array of resources under a coherent framework for analysts to scrutinize the choices of representation in visual media such as comics, film and TV commercial. This study develops current theories of multimodal metaphor and metonymy, on the one hand, and provides new insights into the process of visual meaning making, on the other.
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Brdar, Mario. "Walking Gastrolinguistic Landscapes, with Metonymy as a Travel-guide". Collegium antropologicum 45, n.º 4 (2021): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5671/ca.45.4.3.
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The present article is concerned with the role of metonymy in gastrolinguistic landscape, specifically with its role in creating a message for guests in the names of restaurants. Linguistic landscape is a relatively novel concept in contemporary linguistics, its methodology still in the flux, while its topics and approaches keep diversifying. The purpose of this article is to show that there is also a very important cognitive linguistic aspect to it. Specifically, the article points out the role of metonymy in creative examples of restaurant names that contain one or more elements from a language different from the rest of the restaurant name, focusing on the gastrolinguistic landscape of Central and Eastern Europe, primarily Croatia and Hungary. It is demonstrated that that in addition to some more general cultural models of language, speakers also have a multitude of specific folk models of particular languages, mostly based on stereotypes, which in turn are also metonymic. These activate a series of metonymic inferencing steps most of the time resulting in complex cumulative metonymies such that one is superimposed on the other, the target of one simultaneously functioning as the source for the next one, and so forth.
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MICHL, DIANA. "Metonymies are more literal than metaphors: evidence from ratings of German idioms". Language and Cognition 11, n.º 1 (marzo de 2019): 98–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2019.7.
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abstractMetaphor and metonymy are likely the most common forms of non-literal language. As metaphor and metonymy differ conceptually and in how easy they are to comprehend, it seems likely that they also differ in their degree of non-literalness. They frequently occur in idioms which are foremost non-literal, fixed expressions. Given that non-literalness seems to be the defining criterion of what constitutes an idiom, it is striking that no study so far has focused specifically on differing non-literalness in idioms. It is unclear whether and how metaphoric and metonymic structures and their properties are perceived in idioms, given that the comprehension of idioms is driven by a number of other properties that are connected. This study divides idioms according to their metonymic or metaphoric structure and lets participants rate their non-literalness, familiarity, and transparency. It focuses on non-literalness as key property, finds it strongly connected to transparency, and to be the one key factor in predicting idiom type. Specifically, it reveals that metonymies are generally perceived as rather or even extremely literal, while metaphors are generally perceived as highly non-literal.
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Slabakova, Roumyana, Jennifer Cabrelli Amaro y Sang Kyun Kang. "Regular and Novel Metonymy: Can You Curl up with a Good Agatha Christie in Your Second Language?" Applied Linguistics 37, n.º 2 (10 de abril de 2014): 175–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/applin/amu003.
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Abstract This article presents results of two off-line comprehension tasks investigating the acceptability of unconventional and conventional metonymy by native speakers of Korean and Spanish who speak English as a second language. We are interested in discovering whether learners differentiate between conventional and unconventional metonymy, and whether the acceptability of metonymic expressions in the native language has an effect on learners’ judgments in the second language. The findings of this study constitute further experimental support for the psychological reality of the distinction between conventional and unconventional metonymy, but only in English. Learners of English at intermediate levels of proficiency exhibit transfer from the native language in comprehending metonymic shifts of meanings. Restructuring of the grammar is evident in later stages of development. Finally, complete success in acquiring L2 metonymic patterns is attested in our experimental study. Implications for L2A theories and teaching practices are discussed.
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BOWERMAN, JOSEPHINE, INGRID LOSSIUS FALKUM y NAUSICAA POUSCOULOUS. "‘The moustache’ returns: referential metonymy acquisition in adult learners of English as an additional language (EAL)". Language and Cognition 13, n.º 2 (26 de marzo de 2021): 254–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2021.4.
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abstractReferential metonymy, e.g. ‘the moustache (= man with a moustache) sits down first’, appears early in L1 acquisition (Falkum, Recasens & Clark, 2017). Yet how does it emerge in pragmatically mature but linguistically developing adult L2 learners? We used one comprehension and two production tasks, based on Falkum and colleagues (2017), to investigate metonymy abilities in 34 Japanese adult learners of English as an additional language (EAL) and a control group of 31 native English speakers. We also examined how time constraints and exposure to examples of referential metonymy affected production. In the comprehension task, both EAL-learner and native-speaker participants chose metonymic readings at above chance levels. In both production tasks, all participants produced innovative metonyms. Additionally, the findings indicate that, in L2, exposure to examples dramatically increases metonymy production, while time pressure decreases it. The results suggest that participants can both comprehend and produce novel metonyms in L2, with a possible explicitness vs. production costs trade-off.
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Moukoukou, Sidoine Romaric. "L'expression de la métonymie chez Henri Lopes". Cahiers Africains de rhétorique 1, n.º 1 (30 de julio de 2022): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55595/srm.
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This study focuses on the expression of metonymy in Henri Lopes. The analysis of this stylistic process occupies a prominent place in the novelistic work of the Congolese writer, through the use of various metonymic expressions of places, artistic works, drinks, authors and literary works, as well as other types of metonymic expressions well listed in Lopesian literary productions. All these numerous figurative uses that are taken from our corpus place the fictional texts of Henri Lopes in the perspective of the aesthetics of literary creation. These metonymic expressions serve to embellish the referent.
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Seyed Agaie Rezaie, M. KH. "The Role of the Metonimical Transfer in the Formation of Expressions Related to the Concept of “Death” in Russian and Persian Languages". Philology at MGIMO 7, n.º 1 (4 de abril de 2021): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2021-1-25-148-155.
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This study analyses the role of metonymic transfer in the formation of euphemisms in the semantic field of “death” in Russian and Persian languages. Death as an inevitable reality in human’s life possesses an important place in all languages and cultures. Dealing with this concept has been always difficult. The word “death” invokes fear and discomfort among people. Sometimes fear, and sometimes a sense of politeness and decency make people take advantage of euphemisms. Metonymic transfer is one of the most relevant ways to form euphemisms in the semantic field of “death”.Metonymy refers to the transfer of titles from one subject to another based on proximity. In line with metonymy, different kinds of it including synecdoche and metalepsis in Russian and implicature and allegory in Persian also play important roles in the formation of euphemisms of the “death” concept. In this article, we would categorize the Russian as well as Persian euphemisms, which are formed on the basis of metonymic transfer, into three groups: 1) euphemistic units, formed by means of metonymy; 2) euphemistic units formed by metalepsis; 3) euphemistic units formed by synecdoche. While comparing Russian and Persian euphemisms in the semantic field of “death”, we aim to clarify the similarities and differences of the usage of metonymic transfer in these two languages.
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Belaj, Branimir. "Metonymy and Croatian adverbial clauses". Jezikoslovlje 22, n.º 2 (20 de diciembre de 2021): 295–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.29162/jez.2021.9.
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In this article I examine some metonymic aspects of the semantics of Croatian connectives introducing adverbial clauses of cause, condition, purpose, and concession. The analysis leans on the theory of conceptual metaphor and metonymy and, to a lesser extent, on cognitive grammar. It is also informed by grammaticalization scholarship within typological functionalism. I explore metonymic mappings between the categories of time and cause, manner and cause, cause and condition, purpose, cause and concession, condition and concession, time and condition, and metonymic mappings operating at the level of speech acts. The goal is to contribute to the growing, though still arguably small, body of cognitive linguistic research into the relevance of metonymy for the semantics of complex sentences, specifically the role it plays in subordination, and to expand this analysis to subordinate constructions in Croatian. Some attention is given to grammaticalization studies, where metaphor and metonymy are seen as two types of pragmatic inferencing facilitating interactions between the mentioned semantic categories in complex sentences.
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Brdar, Mario y Rita Brdar-Szabó. "Where does metonymy begin? Some comments on Janda (2011)". Cognitive Linguistics 25, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2014): 313–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2014-0013.
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AbstractIn a recent paper published in this journal, Laura Janda makes a number of claims about metonymy, specifically about metonymy in word-formation as part of grammar. In a nutshell, what she says is that suffixed nouns such as Russian saxarnica (from saxar ‘sugar’) ‘sugar bowl’, Czech břicháč (from břicho ‘belly’) ‘person with a large belly’, or Norwegian baker ‘baker’, are metonymic extensions from saxar ‘sugar’, břicho ‘belly’, and bake ‘bake’, respectively. It is our contention that this claim about metonymy being involved in word-formation phenomena such as suffixation is misconceived and leads to an overuse of the term ‘metonymy’. We first comment on Janda's views on cognitive linguistic research on metonymy in grammar and word-formation, and then evaluate the evidence that she provides to support her central claim – from some general claims about metonymy and grammar to the way she identifies metonymy in word-formation. Finally, we point out a series of problems ensuing from the concept of word-formation metonymy. The analytical parts of Janda's article are in our view a more or less traditional cross-linguistic inventory of suffixation patterns that do not exhibit metonymy as such. However, some genuine metonymies that crop up among her examples are glossed over. In other words, we claim that her analysis ignores metonymies where they appear and postulates metonymies where they do not exist.
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Janda, Laura A. "Metonymy and word-formation revisited". Cognitive Linguistics 25, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2014): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2014-0008.
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AbstractBrdar and Brdar-Szabó (this volume) offer a critique of Janda (2011). Janda (2011) found that the same cognitive strategy that facilitates metonymy, namely use of a conceptual source to access a target, can also be invoked in many patterns of affixal word-formation. In other words, many cases of word-formation appear to be motivated by metonymic association. Brdar and Brdar-Szabó claim that it is incorrect to refer to word-formational processes as metonymies. In addition to the robust parallels evidenced in my data, I offer three arguments to defend my use of the term “metonymy”: (1) a broader definition of metonymy facilitates more insightful generalizations; (2) there is no fixed boundary between lexical metonymy and word-formational metonymy since they coexist in the lexicon-grammar continuum; and (3) context, whether it be a suffix or other cues, is always a factor in metonymy.
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Abdulhalime, Huda. "The Metonymic Portrayal of the Miserliness Demerit: from the pre-Islamic Poets to the Umayyads as a Model". Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Language Sciences and Literature, n.º 30 (15 de diciembre de 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ll86745371.
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This study aims to reveal the impact of non-linguistic data on the cultural and environmental levels in shaping the linguistic structure of the miserliness demerit and its artistic development. The topic is addressed owing to the technical specificity of the metonymy stemming from its association with the value system in the Arab culture. The importance of the study stems from its uniformity with the old rhetorical achievement in evoking the idea of a sequence of images and the difference in the techniques of expressing the single meaning of miserliness. Therefore, it proved the existence of this demerit in the Arab community, dealt with the specificity of metonymy, and discussed its artistic development based on the literal-figurative requirement relations. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical and historical methods to demonstrate the metonymic portrayal development in the targeted periods. The findings have revealed the metonymic portrayal response to the inputs of the Bedouin environment, especially among classic poets, and the skip of these inputs by urbanized ones. This proves that the metonymic portrayal is a metaphorical value whose core is cultural. The study recommends tackling the metonymic portrayal of other cultural values valid for artistic development and material variety.
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Komatsubara, Tetsuta. "Cognitive principles underlying predicational metonymy". Cognitive Linguistic Studies 6, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00040.kom.
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Abstract Metonymy of a predicate, in which the source event implies the target event, is called predicational metonymy. This paper focused on a Japanese productive predicational metonymy, action for causation, and described its linguistic preference in terms of aspectual construal based on a corpus-driven quantitative investigation. The results revealed that an event that is bounded and durative is preferred as the metonymic vehicle in action for causation metonymy. The two cognitive principles, bounded over unbounded and durative over punctual, were proposed to explain the linguistic preference. It was suggested that the two principles can be subsumed under the fundamental cognitive principle of good Gestalt over poor Gestalt, and that this general principle governs metonymic preference of both predicates and nominal phrases.
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Rasulic, Katarina. "Aspects of metonymy in language and thought". Theoria, Beograd 53, n.º 3 (2010): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1003049r.
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Based on the theoretical insights from cognitive linguistics, this paper aims to shed fresh light on certain aspects of metonymy as one of the basic mechanisms of conceptualsemantic organization. It is argued that the prototype model of categorization can provide substantial explanatory potential in the linguistic treatment of metonymy, that anthropocentricity is an important aspect of metonymic conceptualization, and that metonymy has multiple roles in the creation of meaning, including meaning extension, meaning construction and meaning imposition. The significance of investigating the multifaceted character of metonymic conceptualization (as well as of figurative language and thought in general) from an interdisciplinary perspective is highlighted as fundamental for a more comprehensive insight into the nature of meaning.
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Paiva, Vera Lucia Menezes Oliveira e. "What's in a name? The quest for new metaphors for second language acquisition". Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada 53, n.º 1 (junio de 2014): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-18132014000100008.
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The present article focuses on a series of metaphors found in texts on language and language learning, and discusses the criticisms of the acquisition metaphor and the addition of participation as a new concept to represent language learning. The main theoretical proposals for second language acquisition (SLA) have been selected in order to verify which theories use acquisition and which use participation. While scrutinizing those texts, I found that other metaphors have also been proposed; however, acquisition and participation are still the most prevalent. Participation has been used as a metaphor since Sfard (1998) and has been well accepted in Applied Linguistics. Therefore, I present the cognitive view of metaphor and metonymy and demonstrate that, according to the cognitive studies on metaphor, participation cannot be seen as a metaphor, but rather as a metonym. To prove this, I use the metonymic model proposed by Lakoff (1990) as support. I conclude, agreeing with Ortega (2009) that a metaphorical polyphony can help us understand the complex phenomenon of language and language learning. Nevertheless, metonyms must not be disregarded.
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Li, Wei y Huijun Tang. "A Case Study of Li Bai’s Poems from Cognitive Metonymic Perspective". International Journal of English Linguistics 9, n.º 2 (24 de febrero de 2019): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n2p237.
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Metonymy has long been treated as the forgotten trope while cognitive approach to metonymy sheds new light on the research of metonymy. Metonymy is not only considered as a figure of speech, but also a cognitive process in which one conceptual entity, the vehicle, provides mental access to another conceptual entity, the target, within the same idealized cognitive model (Radden & Kovecses, 1999). The investigation of concrete metonymy in Li Bai’s poems is aimed to offer a new perspective of metonymic devices for literary studies. Metonymy has the capacity to generate impressive aesthetic effects and highlight the theme in poetry. What’s more, it is a mirror to reflect the cognitive process the poet construes and thinks about the world. As far as readers are concerned, their interpretation of poetry partly depends on their mental construction of metonymic devices.
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Chelliah, Shobhana L. "Polysemy through metonymy". Studies in Language 28, n.º 2 (28 de julio de 2004): 363–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.28.2.04che.
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In Meithei, a Tibeto-Burman language of Northeast India, the noun pí ‘grandmother’ has undergone divergent paths of semantic change, developing on the one hand into a productive nominalizer and on the other into suffixes whose meanings are derived through metonymical extensions (SMALLER VERSION, BEST EXEMPLAR, SALIENT CHARACTERISTIC, PROJECTION, INSTRUMENT and AGENT). The Meithei data illustrate the role of culture in metonymic change and the role of metonymic change in creation of productive and lexicalized morphology.
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Wang, Yongqi. "The Metaphoric and Metonymic Use of Country Names in Economic News：A Corpus-Based Analysis". Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 43, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2020): 439–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2020-0029.
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Abstract Personification is widely acknowledged for its central role in the understanding of a nation. However, empirical evidence of its pervasiveness in authentic language data is lacking. In a self-built corpus of news report, this study coded, categorized, and analyzed the metaphoric and metonymic use of two country names: China and Australia. The distribution of the use of country names shows a continuum ranging from the literal, through metonymy, to metaphor. A clear majority of the figurative use of national names in the corpus lies in the category of metonymy, and the fuzzy area between metonymy and metaphor. In contrast, metaphors only take up a minor proportion, and most of them are based on metonymic link. By examining the mundane and seemingly literate use of country names, this study exemplifies that consistent patterns of conventional metonymy and metaphor are able to incur significant cognitive impact. Thus, this study calls for more attention on metonymy and metonymy-metaphor interaction in empirical studies on metaphor.
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Anokhina, S. P. "Metaphorisation and Metonimisation as Tools of Semantic Derivation (Based on English Coursebooks on Economics)". Professional Discourse & Communication 3, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2021): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2687-0126-2021-3-3-65-82.
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The paper studies two types of indirect (secondary) nomination: simulative and indicative ones, exemplified by extracts from English coursebooks on economics. The similative nomination is actualised through functional transfer, which is interpreted as a separate kind of metaphor termed “actional metaphor”. The analysis of indicative nomination is focused on metonymy and synecdoche (as its closely related device), which is conditioned by the same transfer principle on the basis of an essential attribute. The semantic derivates are considered in sentences representing such logic thought form as definition, which allows to reveal the metaphoric and metonymic processes in the field of English economic terminology.The research discloses the interrelations between the analysed term models and their functions as designators for target and source domains on the one hand, and cognitive metaphor types (ontological and conceptual), on the other hand. The author comes to the conclusion that both types can have either simple or complicated structure. Similarly, there are simple and complicated metonymies. These phenomena make the peculiarities of the given economic discourse when considered from the angle of semantic derivation. The tendency to the uniform secondary semiotic code in term metaphor description can be viewed as another valid peculiarity of economic discourse.With regard to the indicative secondary nomination, the main findings are as follows: the metonymic lexis is organized as a chain opposition: terms and nomens – terms – terms and common lexis – common lexis. The mechanism of forming “mixed” kinds of the indirect nomination, i.e. metaphtonymy and synecdoche-metonymy, is revealed in the course of the context analysis. This leads the author to a hypothetical argument that it is the actional metaphor that underlies these mixed types of semantic derivatives.Both types of the secondary nomination have a systemic nature: metaphor is described in other system units; metonymies have field structure and are actualised through specific oppositions.
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Lecolle, Michelle. "Métonymie dans la presse écrite: entre discours et langue". Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, n.º 34-35 (1 de octubre de 2001): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.2001.2554.
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In this paper, I describe certain metonymies which are often employed in the daily French press. In these metonymies, a human being, or a set of individuals are referred to by means of the name of an institutional location: a capital city, a ministry in a Western country (Matignon, la Maison-Blanche…), the name of a country. These metonymic patterns don’t seem to be used by other speakers than journalists. However, they seem to be understood by them. Furthermore, certain facts indicate that they tend to be transformed into lexicalised tropes in journalistic language. However, they remain in an intermediate area between active and lexicalised trope. The point is that it is not possible, even in context to determine exactly what is denoted by means of metonymic terms. These metonymies construct fuzzy references to a set of persons (the head of the government, the government, its spokesmen, the state…). Therefore they are very useful to journalists: they can designate an entity very economically while remaining imprecise.
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Brdar, Mario. "On the regularity of metonymy across languages (exemplified on some metonymies in medical discourse)". ExELL 7, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2019): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/exell-2020-0006.
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Abstract The topic of metonymy regularity has cropped up in several recent articles, a welcome sign of growing interest in this phenomenon, which may eventually contribute towards shedding more light on the phenomenon of metonymic competence, paralleling metaphoric competence (Littlemore & Low, 2006). However, in order to deal with this complex phenomenon one should be clear about the circumstances of the use of metonymy. Two issues pertaining to the use of metonymy that play a central role in Slabakova, Cabrelli Amaro & Kang (2013 & 2016) are mentioned in the very title of their study—novel metonymy and regular metonymy. In this article I draw attention to some problems with the assumption that these are opposites of each other and then examine what Slabakova, Cabrelli Amaro & Kang consider to be regular metonymy. I demonstrate that while their novel metonymies are not really so different from the regular ones, there is another sense of metonymy regularity in cognitive linguistics, where metonymy seems to come closest it can to novelty. This phenomenon, referred to as regular metonymy, logical metonymy or logical polysemy, crosses boundaries of languages and cultures. This is illustrated on several sets of examples from medical discourse in a number of languages.
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Gabidullina, Alla, Anastasiia Sokolova, Elena Kolesnichenko, Marina Zharikova y Oleh Shlapakov. "Metonymy in scientific linguistic discourse". Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S4 (23 de octubre de 2021): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns4.1556.
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The purpose of the article was to show the features of the functioning of different types of metonymy in scientific linguistic discourse, which is understood as a verbalized epistemic situation common to the scientific sphere of communication, taken in the entire totality of linguistic and extralinguistic factors and enshrined in the form of texts (oral and written ones). The article deals with metonymy from the point of view of langue / parole: lexicalized metonymy in langue is a semantic transposition mechanism on contiguity and carries out a terminological nomination; discursive metonymy in parole becomes the result of syntagmatic contiguity of syntactic constructions. Linguistic metonymic terms are grouped by types of knowledge: declarative and procedural ones. The shifts of meaning between the logical terms “object”, “subject”, “general” and “specific”, “abstract” and “concrete”, “form”, “content”, etc., directed towards each other, are observed in metonymic terms of declarative type. Metonymy can reflect the processes due to the causality between adjacent objects. Transitional phenomena between lexicalized (linguistic) and discursive (speech) metonymy reflect those models that contain onyms; they are related to the designation of the subject of knowledge (linguist) and his scientific discovery.
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Panther, Klaus-Uwe y Linda L. Thornburg. "Metonymy and the way we speak". Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 27, n.º 1 (8 de agosto de 2014): 168–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.27.1.07pan.
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In this article we investigate correlations between semantically equivalent expressions (organized in manner scales according to the formal properties of length, prosodic prominence, and grammaticalization) and their varying potential to trigger a certain metonymic interpretation. We focus on manner scales of past ability as well as semantically and logically similar expressions relating to human character traits/dispositions and external circumstances. Using the concepts of strength of metonymic link and coercion, we show that shorter, prosodically weaker and more grammaticalized members in these manner scales more strongly trigger the potentiality for actuality metonymy than their longer, prosodically stronger, and less grammaticalized counterparts.
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Imamović, Adisa y Anela Mulahmetović Ibrišimović. "Some conceptual and grammatical properties of body part metonymies in English and Bosnian". ExELL 3, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2015): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/exell-2016-0009.
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Abstract The paper deals with metonymies having body parts as source domains in English and Bosnian. According to Cognitive Linguistics standpoint, human cognition is based on bodily functioning. Therefore, we started from the hypothesis that most body part metonymies are very similar across languages and cultures, and share similar properties. The aim of the paper was threefold: first, to examine whether metonymies with body parts as source domains have common grammatical and conceptual properties in English, secondly to examine whether they share the same properties in Bosnian, and thirdly to compare the two languages in this respect. We analysed body part metonymies in terms of some grammatical properties such as the use of singular and plural, specific and generic reference, grammatical recategorisation from count to mass nouns, noun-to-verb conversion, and some conceptual properties such as source-in-target vs. target-in-source metonymies, metonymic chains and combination of metaphor and metonymy. Many common features were found both within the respective languages under consideration and in cross-linguistic analysis. The minor differences found in contrasting the data from the two languages are mainly the result of differences in grammatical systems.
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Theodoropoulou, Maria. "Metaphor-metonymies of joy and happiness in Greek". Review of Cognitive Linguistics 10, n.º 1 (15 de junio de 2012): 156–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.10.1.05the.
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In this paper I examine the idiomatic metonymic expressions denoting joy and happiness in Greek, focusing on their experiential grounding. I first argue for an interdisciplinary approach to the relationship between body, emotion and language, which allows for a holistic perspective to the meaning of these expressions and makes explicit the analogical experiential elements of the particular emotions. As a case study, I look at instances of metaphor within metonymy, which appear to require an interdisciplinary analysis. Drawing on corpus examples, I examine metonymies of joy and happiness with special emphasis on the neurobiological evidence (i.e. the expressive and physiological component of the emotion); the results of the analysis account for how happiness and joy are experienced by the subject.
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Luckhurst, R. "Metonymic Method". NOVEL A Forum on Fiction 45, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2012): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00295132-1541441.
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Denroche, Charles. "Employing cognitive metonymy theory in the analysis of semantic relations between source and target text in translation". Metaphor and the Social World 9, n.º 2 (5 de noviembre de 2019): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.18024.der.
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Abstract This article offers a model of translation which frames semantic relations between source- and target-text elements in terms of metonymy, and translation in terms of metonymic processing. Translators/interpreters constantly use approximations rather than exact one-to-one correspondences in their work, as meaning making is by nature partial and built-in matches between language systems do not exist. Approximation is identified as a recurrent theme in Translation Studies, while Metonymy Studies is seen as providing a toolkit for describing in detail the approximate semantic relations between source- and target-text elements. Models from Metonymy Studies are applied to two translation case studies and a translation revision case study. An original typology of metonymic relations is proposed based on whether or not source and target are encoded linguistically as vehicle and topic respectively. It is concluded that the semantic relations between source- and target-text elements in translation are distinctive in two respects: (1) they are characterized by facetization and zone activation rather than metonymization; (2) they are examples of Topic metonymy (both source and target concepts are encoded) and Code-switching metonymy (the source and target concepts are encoded in different languages).
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Czekaj, Anna. "Classement de métonymies et traduction automatique". NEO 32 (23 de diciembre de 2020): 192–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/neo.2020.32.11.
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The paper is a continuation of the author’s previous work regarding the legitimacy of metonymy classification for the needs of automatic translation. The author attempts to solve the problem presented in the paper entitled Classification of metonymy and its usefulness in automatic translation and proposes her classification of metonymic expressions, which could be a helpful tool in computer translation.
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Soriano, Cristina y Javier Valenzuela. "The size of shame and pride". Review of Cognitive Linguistics 20, n.º 1 (24 de mayo de 2022): 210–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00108.sor.
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Abstract We investigate the figurative size (big or small) that more naturally fits the conceptual representation of the moral emotion concepts pride and shame. We hypothesize the pairings pride-big and shame-small to be more natural than their counterparts, because of the emotions’ expressive profile: pride’s expanded body posture makes us look big, while shame’s shrunk body posture makes us look small. These effects are part of the folk model of pride and shame observed in language and the mapping can be best described as metonymic. An Implicit Association Test is used to investigate the existence of these conceptual pairings in Spanish. Faster reaction times and fewer errors were observed for metonymy-congruent compared to incongruent pairs. These results provide the first empirical evidence of a cognitive association coherent with our hypothesized metonymic link and constitute an empirical psycholinguistic contribution to the study of conceptual metonymy.
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Петрова, O. O. "TYPES OF MODIFICATION OF THE SEMANTICS OF THE ORIGINAL MEANING DURING METONYMIC TRA NSFER". Vestnik of Russian New University. Series "Man in the modern world", n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/rnu.v925x.22.03.p.024.
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Описываются виды модификации исходных значений при порождении лексической метонимии. Смежность внеязыковых явлений отражается в значительной общности (смежности) значений. Однако отмечается, что смежность значений не служит достаточным и надежным основанием для квалификации значения как метонимического; должны быть и другие основания метонимии: модификация значения в реальной модальности, выводимость и иерархия значения. Приводятся четыре вида модификации семантики исходного значения при метонимическом переносе. The article describes the types of modification of the original values when generating lexical metonymy. The contiguity of non-linguistic phenomena is reflected in the signifi cant generality (contiguity) of meanings. However: the adjacency of values does not serve as a sufficient and reliable basis to qualify the value as metonymic; there must be other grounds for metonymy: modification of the value in a real modality, derivability and hierarchy of the value. The article describes 4 types of modification of the semantics of the original meaning with metonymic transfer.
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Snoek, Conor. "From ‘clubs’ to ‘clocks’: lexical semantic extensions in Dene languages". Cognitive Linguistics 33, n.º 1 (24 de enero de 2022): 193–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2021-0035.
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Abstract This study examines the semantics of a root form underlying a wide range of Dene lexical expressions. The root evolved from a simple nominal denoting “club” to expressions lexicalizing the movement of stick-like objects and the rotation of helicopter blades. These semantic extensions arise through source-in-target and target-in-source metonymies. Drawing on Cognitive Linguistics, especially the theory of metonymy, offers a method of describing the range of meanings expressed by this root in a concise manner. Focusing on the results of metonymic meaning extensions also opens the way to addressing questions in the history of Dene languages. This study contributes to increasing the typological scope of Cognitive Linguistic approaches and argues for the usefulness of the theory in addressing problems in Dene linguistics.
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Littlemore, Jeannette. "On the creative use of metonymy". Review of Cognitive Linguistics 20, n.º 1 (24 de mayo de 2022): 104–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00103.lit.
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Abstract Antonio Barcelona’s work has advanced our understanding of the role played by pragmatics in the production and comprehension of metonymy. Much of his work has focused on playful uses of metonymy, which involve creative extensions of attested metonymic relationships, particularly in the pursuit of adversarial humour. Whilst there has been extensive work on the creative use of metaphor, very few studies have explored the range of ways in which metonymy is used creatively. In this article, I analyse creative uses of metonymy from a range of sources including film reviews, text messaging, art, advertising, cinema and literature in order to identify the different forms that creative uses of metonymy can take. In the process of analysing these different creative uses of metonymy, I address the following questions: What is the difference between ‘novelty’ and ‘creativity’ and what is the relationship between them, in the context of metaphor and metonymy? To what extent and in what ways are the principles underpinning the identification of creative metonymy, analogous to those used in the identification of creative metaphor? At what level of abstraction should the creativity be identified in each case? Can and should we distinguish between ‘creative metonymy per se, and creative uses of metonymy? At what point can we say that a new metonymic mapping has been created as opposed to a creative use of an existing mapping? What affordances does metonymy offer for creative use and how do these compare with the affordances that are offered by metaphor?
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Rubáš, Michal. "NOMEN PROPRIUM UND METONYMIE". Lebende Sprachen 66, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2021): 346–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2021-0011.
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Abstract When language change phenomena have repercussions in various social areas at the same time, they are worth an analysis. One of the well documented occurrences of this kind is the discursive history of the metonymic proper name Bologna as a designation of an education reform. As Johannes Angermüller und Ronny Scholz stated in their remarkable study (2013), its mere introduction had made some political processes easier. In this paper the question is put whether some distinctions of the notable metonymy theory by Peter Koch (2004) are able to deliver categories to clarify this phenomenon. In doing so, I point out some deficiencies of Kochs approach concerning his conception of metonymy as such and demonstrate that these are to be ascribed to its “cognitive” frame and that the remedy lies implicitly in an elementary consideration by Saussure and in an explicit passage by Husserl whom Koch himself invokes. As a result of this, I come to the conclusion that Saussure and, particularly, Husserl could have elucidated the most crucial feature of the metonymic proper name more appropriately.