Tesis sobre el tema "Métaux – Propriétés physico-chimiques"
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Heck, Romain. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques de nouvelles métallo-cyclodextrines". Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10165.
Texto completoThis work deals with two aspects of the study of new Metallocyclodextrins. First of all, the "phosphine-imide" reaction was generalised to the synthesis of a new family of multichromophoric and multicomplexant supramolecular podands : URFT urei͏̈docyclodextrins (URFT = Upper Rim Fully Tethered) and URFT thiourei͏̈docyclodextrins. Moreover, a new fast and reproducible synthesis of symmetrically trifunctionnalised a-cyclodextrin was developed. Second of all, specific physicochemical properties related to selective metal coordination and complexation and to fluorescence properties of URFT urei͏̈docyclodextrins "rare earth" complexes were investigated. The new systems were found to have very selective and original coordination processes towards transition metals cations. "Rare earth" complexes fluorescence emission was found to be highly sensitive towards the presence of transition metals cations and small organic molecules
Ramaroson, Jocelyn. "Calcination des sédiments de drapage contaminés : études des propriétés physico-chimiques". Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0010/these.pdf.
Texto completoThe work presented deals with the NOVOSOL ® process developed by SOL V A Y S. A. Company. This aim to decompose the organics and stabilize heavy metal containing contaminated dredged sediment for beneficiai reuse. This process comprises two stages: chemical treatment (addition of soluble phosphate) and the thermal treatment (calcination). Research presented is focused on the thermal treatment. Our objective is to understand the physicochemical behaviour of the sediment during the calcination. The understanding of the evolution on these properties will help for the beneficial reuse of the treated sediment in various industry such as the civil engineering. The characterization performed was followed by the investigation of the behaviour of heavy metals and the organic compounds during the calcination. The distribution of heavy metals between the solid phase and the gas phase were studied during the calcination and the result obtained showed majority of heavy metals are trapped in the solid. The leaching tests performed showed that heavy metals present in the residue are well stabilized. The degradation of the organic compounds is effective at 400°C. Afterwards, the structural change of the sediment during thermal treatment was investigated at laboratory scale and at pilot scale. An increase in specifie surface is observed until 400°C followed by a signification reduction accompanied by a densification and growing of the particles. The increase in specifie surface observed is the formation of pores observed by due to the decomposition of organics from 400°C to l000°C. The combined evolutions of properties are due to the thermal sintering of the sediments induced by the formation of grain boundary driven by the mass transport at high temperature. The calcination in a rotary kiln showed that the physical properties (the specifie surface, density, particle size) of the sediment depend on the calcination. Parameters such as the residence time, calcination temperature, sediment flow rate were investigated
Pitchon, Véronique. "Influence des alcalins sur les propriétés physicochimiques et catalytiques du palladium supporté sur silice". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10057.
Texto completoVeys, Delphine. "Évolution des propriétés physico-chimiques de surface des matériaux quasicristallins lors de sollicitations électrochimiques". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL076N.
Texto completoThe main goal of this study is to understand how the surface properties of quasicrystalline and approximant alloys are modified when submitted to various kinds of electrochemical stress. The alloys are Al-based complex intermetallic phases of the AI-(Cu)-Fe-Cr system, submitted to either corrosion test in aggressive media or simply to oxidation and ageing in ambient conditions. Ln a first part, bulk alloys of the AI-(Cu)-Fe-Cr system were synthesized and their atomic structure was characterised. Then, the corrosion behaviour of these alloys was investigated with a view to identify the role of the chemical composition and of the crystallographic structure on their ability to resist corrosion attack in a medium containing citric acid and chloride anions. This work bas allowed us to âetermine the corrosion mechanisms and to identify some alloy compositions which demonstrate high-resistance against corrosion. The last part focusses on the evolution of surface structure and chemistry as a function of electrochemical stress. The topography, composition and structure of corroded samples were analysed. Ln addition, for AICrFe samples, we have highlighted an ageing phenomenon of the surfaces in ambient conditions. We have proposed a model describing the surface of these materials as a stacking of several layers with different chemistry. The surface ageing is modelled and related to the observed modifications of the chemical reactivity
Bouzziri, Miloudi. "Adhérence et propriétés physico-chimiques des couches de phosphate sur aciers et aciers revêtus de zinc". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10201.
Texto completoKamgang, Noubissi Jean Omer. "Modification des propriétés physico-chimiques et décontamination des surfaces de matériaux par plasma d'arc glissant d'air humide". Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES030.
Texto completoIn food industries and hospitals, hygienic problems often results from biofilm formation. These sessile microbial are known to be particularly resistant to antimicrobial compounds. To limit the impact of such unwanted structures, it is possible to prevent bacterial adhesion, or, thereafter, to kill adherent cell. Plasma involve the productions of highly reactive species and can be efficient in both strategies. In that context, we've designed a new operating technique exploiting the properties of humid air produced by gliding arc at atmospheric pressure. Experimentally, a 2. 5 minutes treatment of testing materials induces an increase of their surface hydrophily. By modifying their properties, the “glidarc” treatment also modified the adhesion behavior of Staphilococcus epidermidis. This adhesion increases whatever the material employed. Also, “glidarc” treatment of sessile microbial induces a total destruction of 106 UFC. Cm-2 of attached cells and 107 UFC. Cm-2 of biofilm
Adam, Laure. "Synthèse, caractérisations structurales et physico-chimiques de nouveaux phosphates d'éléments de transition". Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2057.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the study of transition element phosphates, whose mixed frameworks contain cavities able to host cations. The great structural wealth in this family of compounds opens the way to numerous properties. We have chosen to study A-M-P-O(-H) systems in which A is a monovalent cation and M is a transition element (mixed-valent if possible) or post transition element, in order to obtain new materials for catalytic applications. In this context, the study of the A-M-P-O(-H) systems, with A = NH4, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and M = Fe, Mn and In has been undertaken. The other aim of this work was a better understanding of the influence of synthesis experimental conditions on the nature of the obtained phases. In spite of the difficulty to synthesize new materials in the considered systems, eleven new phases have been isolated and three of them exhibit original framework. Structural determinations have been performed by single crystal X-ray diffraction combined with powder X-ray diffraction and EDX analysis. The study of catalytic properties for DeNOx reaction via the NH3-SCR have been carried out by “in situ” and “operando” spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy for one iron phosphate. Magnetic properties of four compounds, which are reported in this manuscript, are discussed
Sagou, Sagou Jean-Pierre. "Influence de cations métalliques sur les propriétés physico-chimiques de carboxyméthyl-dextrane fonctionnalisé". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL072N/document.
Texto completoThe present work focused on the acquisition of experimental and quantitative data on the physico-chemical properties of a linear, flexible and chemically functionalized polysaccharide by carboxymethyl grafting, yielding carboxymethyldextran macromolecules (CMD) and an aqueous electrolyte containing various ions Na+, Ca2+ et Cd2+ with different chemical affinity for these chemical functions. Charge density and complexation – dissociation constants have been evaluated using specific electrodes-based potentiometric titration. The electro-hydrodynamic properties and the conformational transitions were examined through electrical conductivity increment measurements, electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering and viscosimetry. Also, colloidal stability has been investigated by means of turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering. In the presence of monovalent ions, the behaviour of CMD, typically that of a soft microgel particle, is strongly depending on ionic strength and polysaccharide content. For low ionic strengths and in dilute regime, CMD is in situation of good solvent while in concentrated regime, overlapping double layers that develop around macromolecules governs the electro-hydrodynamic features of CMD. For sufficiently high ionic strengths, intermolecular and intramolecular electrostatic interactions are nearly suppressed, and CMD behaves as a polymer in bad solvent upon increase of its concentration in the medium. In the presence of divalent ions, calcium ions and cadmium ions are in competition with hydronium ions to occupy the carboxylic sites, and this situation is concomitantly accompanied by local reorganization of polymer chains. The large size of formed clusters, the high initial aggregation rate and the increased turbidity all suggest that aggregates are generated according to a diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) type of mechanism
Diab, Walaa. "Étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et colloïdales du bassin de la rivière Litani, Liban". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0063/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is part of one of the focus of research at “MCEMA Laboratory” that concerns the physicochemical study of river water and the evaluation of the possible influence of human activities on the water quality of the Litani River. This work is divided into three principal parts. In the first one, we studied the physicochemical parameters (T, pH, EC, TSS, TDS, ions, etc.) of the water. The second part focuses on the sediment analysis. We studied the sediments of Litani River, their nature, size, composition, physicochemical properties (charge and specific surface area) with the metallic contamination. The third par is devoted the adsorption study of certain pollutants present in water on activated coal in order to anticipate on a future study on the treatment of the water river. The obtained results fall within a broader project on the study of developed methods on the treatment of wastewater
Bouchaala, Nader. "Etude des propriétés structurale et physico-chimique des systèmes Nd-Fe-Co". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1043/document.
Texto completoIntermetallics based on Rare Earths (R) and Metalloids (M) are of interest in the field of fundamental research to understand the nature of magnetic interactions in the complex case where the localized magnetism of the R elements combines with That of the much less localized transition elements. Moreover, exceptional magnet properties make it possible to use them for technological purposes in the field of permanent magnets or magnetic recording. The magnetism group of the CMTR (ICMPE) UMR7182 CNRS-UPEC (France) specializes in the study of the magnetic properties of intermetallics and the correlation of these properties with structural and microstructural properties. The team of intermetallics, of the Laboratory of Materials and Environment Sciences "MESLab" of the University of Sfax (Tunisia), has acquired a great experience in the determination of the diagrams of binary or ternary phases from the study Of the physico-chemical properties of the synthesized compounds. My research project in these two laboratories will involve studying the structural and physicochemical properties of the R-Fe-M systems (R = rare earth, M = transition metal or metalloids) according to the following steps: 1- Establish a ternary diagram between the R-Fe-M elements. 2- Seek new solid solutions. 3- Structural study of the different phases synthesized by different experimental techniques (RX, MEB, X-ray spectroscopy, ...). 4. Study of the magnetic properties of the different phases. 5- Interpretation of the relationships with the nature of the basic elements used
Lin, Ye Gang. "Formation et caractérisation d'un réseau époxyde : effet renforçant d'une interphase élastomère entre une charge et ce réseau". Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19004.
Texto completoAbraham, Patrick. "Etude de dépôts d'Ag sur la face (100) de l'InP". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19021.
Texto completoBoccato, Silvia. "Etude de la structure locale des métaux 3d liquides en conditions extrêmes de pression et température". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY093/document.
Texto completoUnderstanding the physical phenomena of our planet requires the capability to investigate the structural and thermodynamic properties of liquid-state materials present in the Earth's outer core. Thus, the melting curves of nickel and cobalt allow to constrain the temperature at the inner core boundary (ICB).This Thesis presents the study of the melting curves and the local structure of nickel and cobalt under extreme conditions. The experimental analysis was performed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), technique ideal for the study of the local structure. Ab-initio calculations were performed as well in order to validate the melting criterion adopted and to provide starting radial distribution function for the analysis of the local structure.The melting curves of nickel and cobalt were determined with the XAS melting criterion recently proposed for iron. The criterion consists in the flattening of the shoulder and the disappearance of the first two oscillations in the X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES). It has been validated with Focused Ion Beam (FIB) coupled with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis on the recovered samples, by means of a detection of textural changes in the sample. The melting temperature was detected for nickel and cobalt at different pressures, thus providing a measurement of the melting curve up to 1 Mbar for the two materials.A comparison of the melting curves of nickel and cobalt with iron shows that the presence of these two materials in the outer core of Earth gives a negligible contribution for the determination of the geotherm at the inner core boundary.Ab-initio calculations performed on cobalt provided an additional confirmation of the XAS melting criterion adopted. Moreover they permitted to understand that the flattening of the oscillations in the XANES is due to the smearing of the structures in the density of the p states linked to the different environments surrounding each absorbing atom in the liquid.These calculations allowed as well to evaluate the compression of liquid cobalt at 5000 K and provided a starting radial distribution function for the analysis of the experimental Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) extracted from the measured XAS.The EXAFS of the liquids along the melting curve was analysed providing a measurement of the first neighbour distance in the liquid as a function of pressure for both nickel and cobalt. In the two cases our experimental results show slightly less compression than theoretically predicted. This can be interpreted as a first neighbour bond that at higher pressures is slightly more rigid than predicted or as due to an increase of 10-20% of the coordination number.Combined to theory, our experimental observation suggests that the local structure of liquid Co and Ni increasingly deviates from a hard sphere model with P and T along the melting curve.In conclusion, we have developed a protocol that allows validating the melting criterion for a given solid structure. In this work it has been applied to 3d metals with fcc structures and it can be applied to other structures.The presence of nickel and cobalt in the outer core of Earth was found to be irrelevant for the determination of the temperature at the ICB.XAS was shown to be an adequate technique to measure the first neighbour bond under extreme conditions, although both experiment and theory have large margin for improvement. The application of this method to more complex liquid alloys opens the way to investigation of relevant geophysical systems
Vignal, Vincent. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques de films passifs à l'aide de la microscopie à champ proche : conséquences sur la corrosion sous contrainte". Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10699.
Texto completoHammi, Nisrine. "Nanomatériaux structurés et multifonctionnels à base de chitosane : synthèses et applications". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R048.
Texto completoThe use of petroleum oils and other non-renewable carbon resources generates a considerable amount of waste, with a negative impact on the environment and health. As a result, the search for bio-based materials to replace petroleum-based materials has grown in the recent years. In this thesis, we studied the properties of chitosan, an aminocarbohydrate polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of chitin, to structure the matter at the nanometric scale.We present a new and simple method for incorporating endogenous nano-objects into polysaccharide films. Supramolecular chemistry based on self-assembly of polysaccharides associated with sol-gel polymerization has thus made it possible to convert soluble precursors of chitosan and metal alkoxides into films consisting of nanostructured metal oxide clusters and chitosan. A wide range of simple, binary and ternary metal oxides have been successfully incorporated into bioplastics. The multifaceted use of these films has been demonstrated by transforming them under soft heat treatment into partially oxidized metal oxide-chitosan composites or by disolving them in aqueous conditions to produce stable, water dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles. The usefulness of these functional films has been demonstrated as antimicrobial material.We have also demonstrated an interesting structuring effect of these polysaccharides during the growth of porous coordination polymers. We studied the growth of HKUST-1 and ZIF-8 phases in a colloidal solution of chitosan biopolymers of different molecular weight and under various reaction conditions. In addition to preparing nanostructured polysaccharide-MOF hybrids with hierarchical porosity, we also succeeded in shaping the materials into flexible films, porous monoliths and self-supporting microspheres. Evaluation of the removal of Congo Red dye in water revealed that the chitosan-MOF hybrids outperform the pure phases (microporous MOF and chitosan).The chelating properties of chitosan make it a suitable precursor for the immobilization of metallic species in a carbonaceous matrix. Metal-carbon composites derived from chitosan have been prepared. Attractive physico-chemical properties, among high specific surface area, uniform metal dispersion, and existence of active nitrogen species, have been obtained. Due to the structuring effect of chitosan towards metal alkoxide precursors, a set of crystalline metal oxides comprising clusters of titanium dioxide, germanium oxide and iron oxide were obtained in situ in a nitrogen-doped carbon skeleton formed.Finally, we studied the preparation of catalysts for the hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds such as quinolines, alkynes and alkenes. Copper nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon were prepared by pyrolysis of a mixture generated from copper (II) nitrate in an aqueous solution of melamine and chitosan. EDTA was also introduced to improve the dispersion of Cu nanoparticles during synthesis. The optimal catalyst CuNC-1-700 shows good catalytic performance for the studied reactions
Hammi, Nisrine. "Nanomatériaux structurés et multifonctionnels à base de chitosane : synthèses et applications". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUR048.
Texto completoThe use of petroleum oils and other non-renewable carbon resources generates a considerable amount of waste, with a negative impact on the environment and health. As a result, the search for bio-based materials to replace petroleum-based materials has grown in the recent years. In this thesis, we studied the properties of chitosan, an aminocarbohydrate polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of chitin, to structure the matter at the nanometric scale.We present a new and simple method for incorporating endogenous nano-objects into polysaccharide films. Supramolecular chemistry based on self-assembly of polysaccharides associated with sol-gel polymerization has thus made it possible to convert soluble precursors of chitosan and metal alkoxides into films consisting of nanostructured metal oxide clusters and chitosan. A wide range of simple, binary and ternary metal oxides have been successfully incorporated into bioplastics. The multifaceted use of these films has been demonstrated by transforming them under soft heat treatment into partially oxidized metal oxide-chitosan composites or by disolving them in aqueous conditions to produce stable, water dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles. The usefulness of these functional films has been demonstrated as antimicrobial material.We have also demonstrated an interesting structuring effect of these polysaccharides during the growth of porous coordination polymers. We studied the growth of HKUST-1 and ZIF-8 phases in a colloidal solution of chitosan biopolymers of different molecular weight and under various reaction conditions. In addition to preparing nanostructured polysaccharide-MOF hybrids with hierarchical porosity, we also succeeded in shaping the materials into flexible films, porous monoliths and self-supporting microspheres. Evaluation of the removal of Congo Red dye in water revealed that the chitosan-MOF hybrids outperform the pure phases (microporous MOF and chitosan).The chelating properties of chitosan make it a suitable precursor for the immobilization of metallic species in a carbonaceous matrix. Metal-carbon composites derived from chitosan have been prepared. Attractive physico-chemical properties, among high specific surface area, uniform metal dispersion, and existence of active nitrogen species, have been obtained. Due to the structuring effect of chitosan towards metal alkoxide precursors, a set of crystalline metal oxides comprising clusters of titanium dioxide, germanium oxide and iron oxide were obtained in situ in a nitrogen-doped carbon skeleton formed.Finally, we studied the preparation of catalysts for the hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds such as quinolines, alkynes and alkenes. Copper nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon were prepared by pyrolysis of a mixture generated from copper (II) nitrate in an aqueous solution of melamine and chitosan. EDTA was also introduced to improve the dispersion of Cu nanoparticles during synthesis. The optimal catalyst CuNC-1-700 shows good catalytic performance for the studied reactions
Réjasse, Florian. "Etude de la réactivité des dioxydes métalliques du groupe IVb en présence de carbone par une approche (micro)-structurale : Application à la modélisation des diagrammes de phases ternaires Me-C-O (où Me = Ti, Zr, Hf)". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0099/document.
Texto completoDuring this work, the reactivity of group IVb dioxides (TiO2, ZrO2, HfO2) in contact with turbostractic carbon has been investigated in order to understand the reactional mechanisms of the carbothermal reduction. This way of synthesis has also allowed us to obtain oxycarbides phases in powder form to study the different stability domains of solids solutions with respect to the temperature of heat treatment. The addition of oxygen within the crystalline structure modifies the sintering behaviour of these materials and also their macroscopic properties. Consequently, the determination of solid solution boundaries requires an accurate methodology. A broad panoply of characterization techniques are coupled (Elemental analysis, XRD, Quantification of phases, TEM) to determine the compositions of oxycarbide phases. In order to complete this study, the reactivity of titanium carbide monoliths in contact with titanium dioxide has been studied during heat treatments of annealing under pressure in confined atmosphere. The identification of phases in equilibrium constitutes diagrammatic data which are necessary for the preliminary attempts of thermodynamic modeling of ternary phases diagrams Me-C-O (where Me = Ti, Zr, Hf) using the semi-empirical CALPHAD method
Safariamin, Maryam. "Valorisation catalytique du biogaz (CH4 +CO2) par reformage à sec : étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et catalytiques de solides à base de Tuthénium et Cuivre". Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0281.
Texto completoIn this study, the reaction of methan reforming with CO2 was investigated in the presence of catalysts based on ruthenium and copper deposited on Al2O3, CeO2-Al2O3 binary oxides and mixed oxides from hydrotalcite precursors. The aim of this work is reduction of greenhouse gases (CH4 + CO2) to obtain the synthesis gas (H2 + CO) to be used for various applications including clean energy. The catalysts were prepared by dry impregnation and characterized by various physico-chemical methods (BET, XRD, FT-IR, UV-VIS, TPR, DTA/TG and EPR) to identify correlations between their physico-chemical properties and their catalytic performance. Influence of different conditions and solids pretreatment on the catalytic activity have been studied. Hydrogen production is strongly influenced by the nature of the metal phase and the support used. It is noteworthy that both types of catalysts (Ru and Cu/support) were not similar activities for the reaction studied. The ruthenium-based catalysts are much more active than those based on copper. Hydrotalcites have proved effective for the reforming reaction, but they produce a large amount of coke which deactivates the catalyst easily. Among all catalysts are studied, the solid containing 5% RuO2 on the support of CeO2-Al2O3 binary oxides was the most active and most stable. The high reactivity of this catalyst is associated to good dispersion of ruthenium species and to the very low amount of coke on the catalyst observed after 14 days of aging
Rajohnson, Jean-Richard. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du traitement thermique de rétification du bois massif sous gaz convectif en vue d'améliorer ses propriétés physico-chimiques". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842778.
Texto completoLepeytre, Célia. "Etude de la réduction de UO2F2. Influence de la température, de la vapeur d'eau, du dihydrogène et du fluorure d'hydrogène". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20060.
Texto completoJeannot, Cécile. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés structurales, magnétiques et chimiques de ferrates (IV), (V) et (VI) alcalins". Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10132.
Texto completoSynthesis, magnetic and chemical properties of alkaline ferrate (IV), (V) and (VI) have been investigated. The first part of this report is devoted to the study of the K-Fe -O system. After a bibliographical review of potassium oxides, the syntheses carried out by. , solid-state reaction between KO2 and an iron oxide have showed that it is possible to synthesise K2FeO4 at 350°C under atmospheric pressure of oxygen, or at 450°C in a sealed "Pyrex" tube. Ferrate (V) was only detected in some of mixtures, the oxidation step (IV) was never found. The study of the Na-Fe -O system lead to evidence the existence of sodium ferrate (IV) Na4FeO4. This phase crystallises in the triclinic system and belong to the Na4MO4 series (M = transition element). In this compound, iron is in a tetrahedral site. Na4FeO4 is aritiferromagnetic below 16 K. The study of the magnetic structure shows that the exchange interactions may form via Fe-O-Na-O-Fe superexchange ways. Na4FeO4 is the first example of material which stabilises Fe (IV) in a tetrahedral site. With our experimental conditions, it was not possible to stabilise the oxidation step (VI), whereas a ferrate (V) could be detected while operating in presence of oxygen generated in-situ in the sealed Pyrex tube or in presence of hydroxide. The study of the Na-K-Fe-O system evidenced the existence of the oxidation step (V) in a compound with the K2NaFeO4 formula. Isotypic with K2NaMnO4, iron (V) is tetrahedrally co-ordinated. Paramagnetic until 6 K, the Mössbauer parameters ofthis Fe (V) high spin have been specified for the first time. The optimization of the synthesis of ferrate (VI) by electrochemical way is also described. Ferrate (IV) and (V) di sproportionate to give Fe (VI) and Fe (III). The last part of this work is devoted to the chemical propel1ies of ferrate (VI) which has potential industrial applications in the field of energy and environment
Petitgas, Benoit. "Corrélation entre le comportement électrique et les propriétés physico-chimiques des fils émaillés : vers l'origine de la défaillance de machines tournantes en conditions extrêmes". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958120.
Texto completoCauvel, Anne. "Catalyseurs pour procédés propres : étude de la fonctionnalisation de solides poreux par greffage de centres actifs". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20137.
Texto completoLaurent, Céline. "Biodisponibilité du cuivre et du zinc pour les plantes et les vers de terre : interactions entre les effets de fertilisants organiques sur le long-terme et des organismes sur l'évolution des propriétés physico-chimiques du sol". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA034.
Texto completoThe agronomic valorization of organic fertilizers (OF) is one of the main source contamination of agricultural soils in trace elements. This is particularly significant for copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) for which the ecotoxicity and more generally their impact on soil fertility on the long-term is a matter of concerns. The scientific literature of the two last decades did not enable to state clearly whether Cu and Zn bioavailability for soil organisms will be impacted by OF application. Indeed, previous studies did not take into account the modifications of Cu and Zn availability in soils induced by (i) pH and organic matter (OM) temporal evolution observed with OF application and (ii) organism activities in the soil they can bio-influence. My PhD work thus aimed at assessing the respective effects of soil contamination, soil pH and OM evolution and key soil organisms (i.e. plants and earthworms) in the bio-influenced volume of soil, on Cu and Zn bioavailability for these organisms in the context of OF applications.This work was based on soils sampled from field trials in Réunion and amended for a decade with mineral or organic fertilizers, or never fertilized. The evolution of pH, concentration and aromaticity of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and Cu and Zn availability (i.e. totale concentration and free ionic activity) was measured in soil solutions of the non-bio-influenced soils and the soil bio-influenced by the activities of either plant roots (i.e. rhizosphere) or earthworm bioturbation (i.e. drilosphere). Copper and Zn bioavailability was assessed by the measurement of Cu and Zn concentration in a tropical epi-endogeic earthworm species (Dichogaster saliens) and a temperate plant species (Festuca arundinacea, fescue) exposed to soils in mesocosms under laboratory conditions.In the absence of bio-influence, OF application did not only increase the level of Cu and Zn contamination in soils, but also pH and the concentration and aromaticity of DOM in soil solutions. Total Cu concentration in soil solution increased in soils amended with OF proportionally to DOM concentration while Cu2+ activity decreased mainly proportionally to pH increase, which resulted in a similar Cu availability between soils amended with OF or not. Due to the lower affinity of Zn for DOM, total Zn concentration and Zn2+ activity decreased in soils with OF application proportionally to pH increase, which resulted in Zn availability equal or lower in soils amended with OF than in non-amended soils. Thus, the modification of pH and DOM seems to regulate Cu and Zn availability in non-bio-influenced soils by exerting a protective effect that counteracts Cu and Zn contamination.Under the influence of earthworms or plants, the variation range of pH and DOM concentration was reduced regardless of fertilization type in bio-influenced soils compared to non-bio-influenced soils. In the drilosphere, this resulted in a similar effect of OF application on Cu and Zn availability but in a lesser extent than the effect of OF application in non-bio-influenced soils. In the rhizosphere, the intense root activities resulted in the absence of OF effect on Cu and Zn availability. The combination of the protective effects induced by OF application and organism activity explained why Cu and Zn bioavailability for earthworms and plants did not increase with OF application for a decade despite Cu and Zn contamination in soil
Mohgouk, Zouknak Louis David. "Optimisation d'oxydes métalliques pour la réalisation d’électrode en adéquation avec le matériau photosensible dans l'infrarouge". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT031.
Texto completoOver the past few decades, the development of zero-dimensional (0D) materials or quantum dots (QDs) has grown significantly. Among these materials, lead sulphide (PbS) QDs have received particular attention due to their outstanding properties, including tunable optical absorption from 600 to 2600 nm. PbS QDs are considered to be one of the most promising materials for the next generation of infrared sensors. There is therefore growing interest in their use in industrial applications. When these materials are integrated into optoelectronic devices, they require the use of efficient charge extraction electrodes, as well as a transparent electrical contact in the IR for better performance. In this thesis work, we studied the properties of hole extraction electrodes (HTL) based on transition metal oxides and the transparent electrical contact based on In2O3 (TCO or transparent and conductive oxide) prepared by sputtering. These studies were initially carried out on individual layers of TCO and HTL. Characterisation of the TCO films showed that hydrogen doping can improve their optical properties in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (the region of interest for the targeted applications). Secondly, in order to fabricate photodiode structures, they were integrated onto a film of PbS QDs deposited on an electrode optimised for electron extraction and transport. Appropriate characterisations have shown that ultra-thin NiOx films can be better alternatives to the MoOx layers traditionally used as hole extraction and transport materials on PbS QD films
Tran, Chau Cam Hoang. "Conception d'oxydes fonctionnels de métaux de transition présentant des méso- ou des nanostructures pour le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4045/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to improve the electrochemical performance of C/MnO2 asymmetric devices by elaborating manganese oxides exhibiting nano- or mesostructures. Two preparation methods are proposed. A mesoporous material is obtained through the reaction of soft template CTAP with various A alkenes. The effect of CTAP-A colloidal solution on MnO2 texture and microstructure has been studied by establishing the relationship between aggregates dimension and pore diameter. Asymmetric devices performances can be optimized this way. Attempts to employ AAO as hard template for developing a performant MnO2 electrode were unsuccessful. Nevertheless, a MnO2 microelectrode containing the oxide on nickel nanowires electrodeposited on AAO provided excellent electrochemical performances, comparable with current microsupercapacitor electrodes. Asymmetric device energy retention with increasing power is good due to the excellent MnO2/nickel nanowires connection. This thesis offers insights on the MnO2 formation and proposes promising microelectrodes for microsupercapacitors
Mottot, Yves. "Propriétés chimiques et électrochimiques des chlorures de lanthanides cérides en milieux chlorures fondus : stabilité thermodynamique des alliages LA-NI et ND-FE à haute température". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066127.
Texto completoBenyahia-Bentadjine, Sonia. "Mécanismes de formation et propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques des interphases epoxy-diamine/métal". Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0025.
Texto completoThe interfacial reactivity between epoxy (DGEBA) and diamine (IPD) monomers and metallic substrates (titanium, aluminum and gold) has been studied using various analytical techniques. Chemical, physical and mechanical properties of organic coatings were determined as a function of their thickness and compared to bulk values. An interphase having specific properties and quite different to polymer bulks ones was underlined. Interphase properties were found to be affected by the substrate nature, metallic surface treatments, the diamine nature (whether aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic) and the stoechiometric ratio of epoxy-amine mixture. Reaction mechanisms leading to the interphase formation were determined by studying "modified" monomers by hydrated oxide layer. It was found that the diamine monomer reacts with the metallic surface and induces a chemical etching. Then metallic ions then diffuse through the organic layer to form metal-amine complexes. When a saturation threshold was reached, crystals of modified monomers were observed at room temperature. These complexes induce phase separation during the cure cycle of the epoxydiamine mixture leading to a new network formation. The understanding of these phenomena, allows us to produce bulk materials having the same properties than thin films or interphase
Schobing, Julie. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de l’impact des biocarburants sur le fonctionnement des filtres à particules". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH1439.
Texto completoIn order to respect the European standards concerning exhaust gas pollutant emissions, heavy-duty frucks are now equipped with a complex post-freatment line whose durability have to be proven over 700 000 Because of the possible rarefaction of fossil fuels and of the increase of atmospheric pollution, the use of alternative fuel becomes necessary. In comparison to classic diesel fuel, biodiesel contains inorganic elements. Even though their presence is limited, they can interact with the post-freatment line catalysts and thus compromise their behavior in case of massive biodiesel use. The impact of biodiesel on particulate filter (DPF) operation was investigated. The study concerning the impact of K, Na and P on impregnated model diesel soot reactivity has shown that K and Na have a beneficial effect on both C-N02 and C-02 reactions. P has an inhibiting effect on C-02 but a sfrong catalytic impact on C-N02 reaction in presence of water. The analysis of real diesel soot has shown that biodiesel leads to less soot but which are more reactive. K- and P-doping of biodiesel has shown that these inorganic elements are directly reffieved in soot composition and significantly modify their reactivity. The study of soot oxidation in presence of a catalyst which is representative of a comrnercial DPF has shown that the stronger is the soot-catalyst contact, the sfronger is the catalyst efficiency. The presence of inorganic elements enhances the contact and thus the catalyst efficiency
Clavaguera, Sarrio Carine. "Etude théorique de composés moléculaires d'actinides : propriétés électroniques, vibrationnelles et dynamiques". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30049.
Texto completoThommerel, Emmanuel. "Elaboration et études des propriétés physico-chimiques de matériaux composites polymère/métal et piezoélectrique/alumine : extraction, structures et rôle sur l'environnement". Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0009.
Texto completoNew transducer systems (plezoelectro magnetic or PEM) for deteetion from a distance have been implemented. They are made of two distinct parts: (a) a ceramic-based piezoelectric sensor (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)03 (or PLZT), and (b) an antenna made of metal/polymer composites. The first step was to carry out the physico-chemical study of antennas made of granular metal/polymer. These antennas can be elaborated using mechanical engraving of composite stands which have a similar metal composition to that of electric percolation. Several series of composites were elaborated: the polymer component is polypheovlene sulphur -PPS- and metallic granular phases are successively Al, Fe, Ni, W, Zn. Each composite in the whole range of metal volume fraction (from 0 to 1) was tested by electrical complex spectrometry. The electric responses (R. L and C components function of metal volume fraction) were modelled by resorting to medium effective approximation (MEA): a new approach taking into account the diversity of size distribution was developed. This approach makes it possible to closely link electric responses to the distributions and sizes of metallic grains. The percolation theory was also used. Critical exponents (s and t) stemming from laws in power were determined for each composite family, so as to interpret the conductance values, under (law in (-3>}'!) and over (law in (-C)') the percolation point (volume fraction <&cl. In order to assess the resistance to corrosion in an acid environment, a corrosion study according to the time of these systems was carried out. The percolation model was put into practice: because of corrosion, critical exponents evolve according to time. The second step was to carry out a study of piezo electric ceramics elaborated from composites (PLZT)/alumina. The role of alumina is to modulate the piezoelectric characteristics so as to permit a certain frequency discrimination of the markers. Polarised composites were characterised by X rays diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electric measures by electrical complex made it possible to characterize the performance to the neighbourhood of ceramic/electrode systems resonance frequency. The increase in alumina content results in a decrease of resonance frequency and a weakening of resonance amplitude. Modelling through an equivalent electric circuit RLC has made it possible to ascribe the modifications of piezoelectric responses (frequency and resonance amplitude) to the modifications of the piezoelectric phase PLZT and the ceramic micro structure, resulting from a presence of an alumina phase inserted in the ceramic. The growth of the R resistance is thus clearly attributed to the degradation of me piezoelectric phases. The increase of C capacity is linked to the reduction of elastic constants. This reduction is induced by weaker grain boundaries. The L inductance associated with medium masses of the system stays practically unchanged considering the limited content in alumina
Gilles-Guéry, Laëtitia. "Étude spectroscopique de la couleur des minéraux-gemmes : euclase et béryl". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS078.
Texto completoThe economic development of the gem sector is based on the understanding of the gem- stones colors and the identification of their source. This thesis work is focused on two Be- bearing silicates of gem-quality : euclase and beryl. Euclase is an overlooked seldom stone, recognized for its interest to gem and mineral collectors. Beryl is a well-known and wides- pread gem, used in jewellery. These two gemstones present various special colors, as pink euclase and blue-lagoon beryl, which are studied in this thesis. The coloration of gems is mainly due to transition elements, as iron and manganese, and depending on the redox conditions during their formation. The use of a multi-technical spectroscopic approach (OAS, RPE, XANES, EXAFS) combined with ab-initio calculations allows to get new data about the optical phenomenon at the origin of gem colors. The spectroscopic study of pink, blue, colorless and zoned euclases shows the relation between the color and the oxidation state of Fe and Mn during the formation of these gems, inducing specific redox conditions for the hydrothermal fluids. The blue color of aquamarines has been identified, but is still a controversial issue. The use of polarization in spectroscopy (OAS and EXAFS) gives new reflection elements about the nature of intervalence charge transfer Fe2+?Fe3+ in beryls
Millon, Eric. "Étude des mécanismes d'adhérence des émaux sur les aciers". Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10099.
Texto completoGarcia, de Castro Insua Ricardo Antonio. "Catalyseurs d’hydrotraitement modèles à base du Mo et supportés sur α-Al2O3 : étude sur l’incorporation du cobalt, phosphore et triéthylène glycol par une approche de science de surfaces". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS145.
Texto completoThe genesis of the active phase in hydrotreating catalysts is deeply influenced by the nature of the support. However, a fine description of active phase-support interactions at the molecular level is still missing since the traditional support γ-Al2O3 exhibits ill-defined sorption sites. A surface-science approach in aqueous phase circumvented this limitation by using α-Al2O3 single crystals with four different orientations: C(0001), A(112 ̅0), M(101 ̅0), and R(11 ̅02) as surrogates to study the genesis of MoS2 exerting control over surface sites. Such approach revealed that properties of MoS2 were dictated by Mo-support interactions which are, in turn, determined by the nature of surface -OH. The present work aims to take a step further in closing the gap between model and industrial catalysts by incorporating cobalt, phosphorus and TEG in model catalyst formulation. Surface-sensitive techniques are used to expose such dependencies. It is shown that phosphorus interacts differently depending on support orientation, leading to a surface-dependent sulfidation. Conversely, it is shown that cobalt promotion of MoS2 is exclusively dependent on Mo sulfidation. At last, it is shown how omitting calcination and TEG incorporation reduces metal-support interactions leading to higher sulfidation. The catalytic activity of promoted catalysts is studied through a thiophene hydrodesulfurization reaction revealing that A(112 ̅0)-based catalysts display the highest activity. In that sense, intermediate metal-support interactions are key to achieve higher catalytic performance. These results could lead to a new generation of hydrotreating catalysts through control of support morphology
Mouafo, Notemgnou Louis Donald. "Two dimensional materials, nanoparticles and their heterostructures for nanoelectronics and spintronics". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE002/document.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates the charge and spin transport processes in 0D, 2D nanostructures and 2D-0D Van der Waals heterostructures (VdWh). The La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 perovskite nanocrystals reveal exceptional magnetoresistances (MR) at low temperature driven by their paramagnetic shell magnetization independently of their ferromagnetic core. A detailed study of MoSe2 field effect transistors enables to elucidate a complete map of the charge injection mechanisms at the metal/MoSe2 interface. An alternative approach is reported for fabricating 2D-0D VdWh suitable for single electron electronics involving the growth of self-assembled Al nanoclusters over the graphene and MoS2 surfaces. The transparency the 2D materials to the vertical electric field enables efficient modulation of the electric state of the supported Al clusters resulting to single electron logic functionalities. The devices consisting of graphene exhibit MR attributed to the magneto-Coulomb effect
Xu, Zhenxin. "Development of new macroscopic carbon materials for catalytic applications". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF005/document.
Texto completoNowadays, macroscopic carbon materials are facing an increasing number of applications in catalysis, either as supports or directly as metal-free catalysts on their own. However, it is still challenging to develop hierarchical carbon-based catalyst support or catalyst using a much simple synthesis process. In the quest for novel structured carbon materials for heterogeneous catalysis we explored the potential of commercial carbon/graphite felt (CF/GF). The aim of the work described in this thesis has been the development of GF and CF monolith as metal-free catalyst for gas-phase oxidation reactions and as catalyst support, notably for palladium, for liquid-phase hydrogenation reactions, and their roles in the reaction performance of these catalysts. Due to their inert chemistry surface with inappropriate wettability, a prerequisite for such a study was to activate the origin ones. Therefore, well-rounded modified GFs and CFs were synthesized with tailored physic-chemical properties by a series of chemical treatment processes, such as oxidation, amination, thiolation, nitrogen- and sulfur-doping. The partial oxidation of hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur and selective hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated cinnamaldehyde, as the sensitive test reactions to the influence of the catalyst properties on activity and selectivity, combined with characterization techniques, were chosen to investigate the effect of functionalized carbon materials on the catalytic behavior