Tesis sobre el tema "Métaphore – Psychologie"
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Nouvel, Pascal. "La science et la métaphore : introduction à l'idée d'une psychologie de la science". Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOL015.
Texto completoThe birth of modern sciences (experimental sciences) can approximately be dated to the begining of the XVIIth century. Many historical and philosophical hypothesis have already been proposed to account for it. Amongst current hypothesis, there are those which emphazise on methodological, conceptual, political or sociological changes appeared in Europe around 1600. Most of these conceptions are based on clues emerging from scientific activity (historical data) rather than on any actual practice pecular of an experimental science. The fraction of those studies that focus on actual practice of experimental science (mainly sociological approaches) does not consider the scientist himself as an individual, but rather groups of scientists or even the scientific communauty as a whole. The work presented try to open the question of the cultural origin of modern sciences in the light of effective practice, with the purpose to understand experimental sciences from the point of view of the scientist himself. This general program encounters in the works of Gaston Bachelard, Georges Canguilhem and Michel Foucault a fruitfull material for further investigations. According to these works, it is argued that the cultural switch needed for the emergence and development of experimental sciences involves a psychological component, such as feelings and emotions. In other terms, science does not need only concepts, paradigms, methods, etc. , but also - and perhaps above all - a specific kind of feeling which inclines favourably towards experimental investigation. Such a specific feeling, if it exists, must be present nowadays in the particular psychology of scientists, and should be identifiable as a nuance of the experimental feeling. Thus, a detailed analysis of the specific shape of experimental psychology in contemporary scientists can provide an appropriate basis to reopen the question of the historical birth of modern science
Franquart-Declercq, Christelle. "Processus et représentations dans la compréhension des métaphores verbales : perspective générale et développementale". Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131029.
Texto completoFreddi, Sébastien. "Métaphore, verticalité et affect : l’influence du mouvement vertical sur le jugement : étude des métaphores conceptuelles relatives à l’affect, aux informations sociales et au langage". Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100089.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates the influence of motion, as a behavioral component, on the affective judgment in the framework of conceptual metaphor. We hypothesize that vertical motion is an important bodily experience to determine affective judgment about valenced stimuli, social information and linguistic cues. Three researches were conducted. The first research examines the effect of perceived vertical motion on affective judgments of valenced stimuli. Three experiments allow us to confirm that a metaphor congruency effect was brought into play in determining affective judgments about valenced stimuli which were associated to the direction of vertical motion. Our second research studies the effect of perceived vertical motion on affective judgments about social information (competence and warmth). Our results confirm the significance of perceived vertical motion in the functional perspective of social judgment. These experiments highlight the important effect of competence for affective adaptation of individuals when bodily experiences about vertical motion are activated. Finally, our last research investigates that motion, opposed to static, and its vertical direction are bodily experiences allowing us to differentiate affective dimension of dominance and valence, in studying linguistic cues. Our experiments show that the nature of linguistic cues (verbs vs. Nouns) favours the activation of dominance, whereas direction of vertical motion, expressed by linguistic cues, favour the activation of valence. So, this thesis corroborates the significance of bodily experiences, and more precisely vertical motion, on emotional and cognitive components of behaviors adopted by individuals
Dessons, Marie. "Les angoisses psychotiques : le travail de la métaphore". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070013.
Texto completoOur hypothesis takes root in the basic assumption of the irrepresentability of psychosis, the "unnamedness" of psychotic anxieties such as primitive agonies, which is at the earth of a rich and diverse metaphoric production in the psychoanalytic literature. This thesis aims at evaluating the place and function of metaphor in psychotherapeute activity with psychotic and borderline patients. It thus contributes to the exploration and formalization of the modalities of metaphorical expression in the patient-therapist relationship. In this way we try to discern between the transnosographic approach and the concept of irrepresentable archaic anxieties, mainly through a critical and detailed study of this kind of anxieties. Our study is articulated around three core elements : the question of anxiety and psychotic anxieties, the problem of metaphor and the role of language in psychoanalysis. It is inscribed in a broader psychoanalytic reflection on the work of metaphor as a work of the analyst's mind in touch with psychotic anxieties, as well as in an even broader perspective of the metapsychology of the analyst's psychic processes. Finally, this thesis yields a reflection on the role of language in psychoanalysis through the relationship between words and things : from the Freudian theory of presentation towards a theory of metaphor in psychoanalysis. Acting as a creative potentiality, metaphoricity becomes a renovation of the necessary "playing" between the different modalities of presentation
Ventalon, Geoffrey. "La compréhension de la métaphore dans les images". Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080115/document.
Texto completoA metaphor is a figure of style in which the meaning of a term is transferred to that another term. For example, the sentence “Axel is a fox” is a metaphor in which a man is smart. The metaphor is not only introduced in a text. It can be depicted in a picture. Therefore, the image of a man with a body of a fox can refer to the sentence: “this man is a fox.” According to Forceville (2007,2009), a pictorial metaphor can be characterized considering its type (contextual metaphor, hybrid metaphor, simile and integrated metaphor), considering its structure (monomodal and multimodal metaphor) and its use (in commercials, in social campaigns, in political cartoons or in Art). The aim of this work is to create a knowledge base of pictorial metaphors examining their characteristics (topics, vehicles). Experimental studies examined the understanding of monomodal pictorial hybrid metaphors by focusing on property attribution process in several situations regarding the effect of the native language (French versus Spanish), context, age and the use of the metaphor. The discussion section illustrates perspectives of research considering current studies focused on pictorial metaphor comprehension and the use of specific tools (e.g. eye tracker). The understanding of pictorial metaphors could be applied to others field of expertise of psychology (e.g. Neuropsychology), other people (e.g. children) and different cultures (e.g. Korean)
Kohl, Frantz Stéphane Samuel. "Schizophrénie et identité : représentations étiologiques et constitution de soi : thèse". Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2013.
Texto completoThis work explores identity in schizophrenia and the role of etiological representations in self constitution. Using Ricoeur's analysis, we show that etiological representations are metaphorical utterances which can enable everyone to re-build up the plot of his own history. Considering their central position in the creation of the plot, the etiological representations allow to re-open the constitution of narrative identity, and so, the harmonious articulation between the two poles : sameness and ipseity. From advent, psychosis becomes an event and so part of persoal history. These hypotheses are put in front of patients' speeches. Some interviews about etiological representations and identity were lead then treated by content analysis. This analysis shows the link between an the type of representation used
Ben, Abbas Louisa. "L’ adolescent, la poésie : rêve d’une métaphore : depuis l’entrée de l’Antique terra natale vers la métamorphose Adolescens". Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10084.
Texto completoGerstenkorn, Jacques. "La Métaphorique dans le film de fiction : Les jeux de la ressemblance au cinéma". Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0301.
Texto completoManetta, Céline. "De la perception à la représentation de stimuli olfactifs en contexte : une étude cognitive et langagière". Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082959.
Texto completoDespite the fact that olfactory perception arouses scientific interest, cognitive aspects are rarely studied. This PhD thesis aims to analyze in the framework of the categorization theories, the influence of the context on cognitive aspects linked to categorization, description and representation of women's fragrances. In the first area of study, we compared the perception and description of fragrances based upon two tasks (a comparison task of triads and a sorting task) in order to measure the effect of the task on the descriptions variability and on the representation. In the second area of study, we built an olfactory properties typology in order to examine semantic categories underlying olfactory perception at a linguistic level. Our results indicate that 1) the variability of olfactory descriptions is influenced by the context of the task; 2) the fragrance representations are complex and structured around varied elements: "odor", "person" and "atmosphere" and 3) the description of olfactory stimuli heavily relies on figurative language. The results are discussed in the framework of the categorization and knowledge representations models. A methodology of olfactory perception from verbalization is proposed
Sander, Emmanuel. "Analogie et catégorisation". Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081348.
Texto completoAfter introducing the main theories of analogy making in cognitive psychology, we propose a critical analysis. According to our view, there are deep similarities between the mechanisms involved in categorization and analogy making, these allowing to consider analogy as a basic mechanism, which could be involved in the construction of a first representation of a situation, and capable of guiding the learning of a complex domain. For arguing in favor of our view. We describe some studies concerning spontaneous analogies, be it erroneous conceptions in mathematics, physics, or other fields; metaphor use, or reminiscences of past situations. We propose a theory of analogy making based on the results of studies dealing with categorization. The source of the analogy is chosen on the basis of salient features and of the familiarity of the source to the analogist. The new situation (target) is then categorized as the source situation through a mechanism of property attribution. The so-built representation, should it appear non adapted to the subject, is modified by referring to source categories organized by an abstract relation. The theory is illustrated by experiments within two domains: while solving column subtractions, the mistakes made by children from grades 2-3 (7 and 8 year-olds) are explained by means of the reference to knowledge about situations of following a distance and those of taking a part from a whole. In learning-by-doing of how to use a text editor, the learning is modeled by ordered access to knowledge concerning typewriting, writing in general, and manipulating objects
Basso, Frédéric. "L'incorporation des food imitating products : la métaphore alimentaire des produits d'hygiène entre marketing, santé publique et neurosciences sociales". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G018.
Texto completoFood Imitating Products (FIP) are household cleaners and personal care products that exhibit food attributes in order to enrich their consumption experience. Such a marketing logic can also be considered a potential source of consumers unintentional poisonings. In order to understand the rationale behind this marketing logic, we consider FIPs as non verbal food metaphors. According to the conceptual metaphor theory, the metaphor maps from the source domain (food) to the target domain (cleaners) in order to enlighten a (consumption) experience domain with another. We explore if the use of food metaphor could lead to a miscategorization. For this purpose, we conducted a qualitative analysis of household cleaners or personal care products related phone calls made to a poison control centre. It appears that unintentional home self-poisoning following the accidental ingestion of a chemical product by a healthy adult can result from the perceived similarity created by the commercial use of food metaphor. To control for contextual and personal factors that may influence the perceived similarity between household cleaners or personal care products and food, we performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. In light of our neuroimaging results, it appears that the visual processing of FIPs lead to taste inferences, confirming, in the modal approach of categorization, that adult subjects can implicitly categorize a personal care product as food
LEGALLOIS, DOMINIQUE. "Pour une semantique indexicale de la metaphore. Application a un corpus : internet dans les temoignages des utilisateurs". Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN1284.
Texto completoLévy, Robert. "La notion d'infantile comme concept en psychanalyse". Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://merlin.u-picardie.fr/login?url=http://www.cairn.info/l-infantile-en-psychanalyse--9782749209562.htm.
Texto completoMalichin, Aikaterini. "Jouissance, écriture et nombre dans les maladies auto-immune et idiopathique : l'assomption de la métaphore subjective par l'organisme". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC317.
Texto completoThe present clinical and bibliographical research is articulated on three points and constitutes the tripartite undertaking of this doctoral thesis. The first relates to the study closely the Freudian theory and the Lacanian teaching and the concept of phenomenon psychosomatic, in order to approach the auto-immune and idiopathic organic disease, the Multiple Sclerosis and the disease of Crohn, on two suffering subjects within an analytical cure. The second relates to the investigation of the objects of construction in their discourses and their caused positions, and the third the investigation of knowing if exists pause of symptom and failure of signifying induction, i. E. Failure of the subjective metaphor, as to know if the disease of the suffering subjects fills the criteria of the phenomenon psychosomatic and if is held assumption of subjective metaphor by the organism. The qualitative analysis of the enunciate and the enunciation of the subjects through the sessions is carried out with an analysis of discourses structural criticism and an analysis of their speech during one period of cure exceeding the four years, by making a comparison with former research. We conclude that the disease fills the criteria of the phenomenon psychosomatic and that the assumption of the subjective metaphor it is held by the organism, thus confirming our hypothesis. We also arrive at conclusions which are mainly in agreement with preliminary research. Finally, we note the improvement of the health of the subjects and the stabilization or the disappearance of the repetitions during their analysis, in parallel with their medical care, which that had not been observed before, and the appropriation of the points of the pain and the suffering of their history so that it does not lead to the way of pathological pulsing’s acts and the discharge by the organism
Urwand, Simone. "La rêverie institutionnelle : métaphore poétique pour une institution". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H054.
Texto completoRavat, Jérôme. "Philosophie empirique des désaccords moraux. Une théorie de l'imaginaire polémique". Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040122.
Texto completoThe aim of this study is to develop a theory in order to describe, explain, and regulate moral disagreements. Ours is an empirical approach to moral disagreement, based mainly on empirical data provided by social and moral psychology.The morphology of moral disagreement (part 1) reveals that it is drawn from polemical imagination, which consists of three key elements: analogy, metaphor, and symbol. Such hybridization gives birth to symbolic networks, organizing the relationship between the moral opponents.The genealogy of moral disagreement (part 2) aims to determine the sources of these symbolic networks. We will analyse the psychological, anthropological, and socio-historical processes underlying the moral disagreements. The key role of family – as matrix, model and object of disagreement – will be emphasized.The polemology of moral disagreement (part 3) attempts to reorganize the symbolic networks through a pragmatic and normative approach. We will analyse the procedures in view of a regulation including the transformation of polemical imagination into consensual imagination.Thus, moral disagreement must be reasserted, before any attempt to rehumanising the moral field.Key-words: moral disagreement, moral philosophy, social psychology, moral psychology, imagination, analogy, metaphor, symbol, family
Couet, Lannes Marguerite. "Les enjeux de la métaphore dans la pathologie autistique". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070096.
Texto completoAfter a short history of the development of the ideas which led to the definitions of autistic syndrome, this thesis aims to provide the psychoanalytically orientated therapist with a variety of topics for consideration. The chapters are followed by reports and debates which focus on some metapsychological concepts, and attempt to justify the hypothesis of metaphorical expression. Metaphor supposedly enables patients to express themselves, and acts as a mediator. The questions raised in this thesis deal with two metaphor processes which we find in dreams, condensation and displacement which, according to observation of adolescents undergoing treatment at the time of this research, and according to texts written by autistic people, are used in unequal amounts. Condensation takes place through omission due to the mnestic record of the sensorial experience being below memory. Whereas displacement takes place through dissimulation and derives from censorship and because a barrier exists between the unconscious and the preconscious, and between the preconscious and the conscious. Displacement can result from the desire to overcome this censorship. Depending on the position occupied by the patient or by the therapist, these processes are used to varying degrees and are used again in the treatment, thereby turning the metaphor into a tool effective both in diagnosis and in therapy
Albano, Mariangela. "Modèles, textes, processus : une étude cognitive des métaphores défigées et d’invention". Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL004.
Texto completoThe main aim of this PhD thesis is the analysis of the cognitive and linguistic mechanisms within the creative and delexicalised metaphors using a mixed approach of Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980 and 1999) theory of conceptual metaphor; the Fauconnier and Turner’s (2002) theory of blending and the Monneret’s (2004 and 2014) theory of analogy. To test the complementariness of these three models, we have chosen two German literary texts from 1980 to 1990 that are «Kassandra» (1983) by Christa Wolf and «Minotaurus: eine Ballade» (1985) by Friedrich Dürrenmatt. To identify the degree of figurativeness of the metaphors within these texts, we have used three methodologies: the interviews to German speakers; the consultation of the German language dictionaries and the observation of the elements within metaphors through the MIPVU methodology (Steen et al., 2010). The analysis allows us to understand how metaphors work in the different texts and how cultural symbols are used by authors. Additionally, this research aims to show how the use of conceptual «frames» and conceptual «blends» that structure our cognition
Lo scopo centrale della tesi di ricerca è quello di analizzare i meccanismi cognitivi e linguistici alla base delle metafore «d’invenzione e delessicalizzate» utilizzando un approccio che miri a fondere la teoria della metafora concettuale di Lakoff e Johnson (1980 e 1999), la teoria dell’integrazione concettuale di Fauconnier e Turner (2002) e la teoria dell’analogia di Monneret (2004 e 2014). Per mettere alla prova il funzionamento della complementarietà di questi tre modelli, è stato scelto di utilizzare due testi letterari di lingua tedesca degli anni 1980-1990 che sono «Kassandra» (1983) di Christa Wolf e «Minotaurus. Eine Ballade» (1985) di Friedrich Dürrenmatt. Per identificare il grado di figuratività delle metafore all’interno dei testi sono state messe in atto tre metodologie: le interviste ai parlanti tedeschi; la consultazione dei dizionari in lingua tedesca e un’osservazione degli elementi presenti all’interno della metafora attraverso la metodologia MIPVU (Steen et al., 2010). L’analisi ci permette di comprendere il funzionamento delle metafore all’interno dei testi e come sono utilizzati i simboli culturali da parte dei singoli autori. In più, questa ricerca rappresenta, quindi, un tentativo di comprendere l’uso dei «frame» e dei «blend» concettuali che strutturano la nostra cognizione
Galani, Maria Elefthéria. "Entre l'analyse psychologique et l'analyse littéraire, la recherche du "noyau dur" du texte théâtral : un exemple : la dramaturgie de Jean Giraudoux". Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/galani_me.
Texto completoThe present thesis intends to propose a new analysis of a dramatic text and to predict a possible representation. Our purpose consists in searching for the "hard core" of the text, between the literary analysis and the psychological analysis. The means that we try to discover the principal pivot of the play-text. Naturally, we do have the intention of limiting the comprehensive possibilities of the play. Futhermore, the stimuli of the director are not rejected ; in contrast, we make an effort to help him to start from a more solid base, to have some references which could be used as a reflexion track. We chose to use as a model the dramatic works of Jean Giraudoux. The interpretation proposed combines two different approaching methods. Firstly, we realise an analysis based on the stage directions in the form of tables : the plays are defined through the stage presence of the heros, the quantity of their text, the dramatic relations and the conflicting relations among the "dramatis personae". Secondly, we apply a stylistic analysis by constructing a corpus of the most fruit ful metaphors in the plays of Jean Giraudoux, organised into motives characters and fields. Finally, we provide every character of the plays with the metaphor which is identified with it and then, we attempt to reveal the key-character of every play following its stage directions as well as its most significant metaphor
Mortimore, Julie. "L’importance du concept de la castration dans la formation et la résolution du symptôme et dans la notion de guérison en psychanalyse, à l'étude de l'oeuvre de Pierre Fédida". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC140.
Texto completoIs there exist one beyond castration ? This aporia where Freud left us as an insuperable point is the starting point of my thesis. This one will consist in studying the concept of castration an its inextricable link with the OEdipus complex, through the writings of Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan and Pierre Fedida. In support of the psychoanaytical private clinic of today, it will be a question of showing how the psychoanalytical cure, and the position of the psychoanalyst, aim at introducing castration. Castration, at the core of psychoanalytic theory, is the pivot of psychic life and is implied in the formation of the symptoms but also in their resolution. This work tries to articulate works of three major authors of the psychoanalysis, Freud, Lacan and Fedida, not to oppose them or confuse them but to put in perspective their field of experience, according to their reference and their style, of which will notably arise the concepts of spaltung (division and splitting) and of absence
Nicolaï, Jean-Paul. "Être ensemble et temporalités politiques". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0005.
Texto completoIn order to hope to develop a political philosophy that immediately recognizes our interdependence, we work in a first part to establish assumptions about what we mean by reality and our access to it. An event-based ontology seems compatible with the narrative ontogenesis which constitutes us individually by constituting a "we". This requires imagining everyone imagining the world and learning through stories, in an inductive logic that can reconcile hermeneutic phenomenology on the one hand and statistical learning on the other. From these stories each identifies universals, interpretable as principal components of a factorial statistical analysis of these stories that constitute us. Time plays a key role in the dynamics of this constitution as well as in the events gathered in these stories. The stakes are ultimately to share these universals in a common story, or, conversely, in a temporal break that may allow better access to a common world. We then work in a second part on the question of living together with republican ideas of freedom, equality and fraternity, and with those of plurality and boundaries. The political ecology that we see then is as republican as libertarian. In this context, justice is expressed by rightness, fidelity, sensitivity and a “fair excess”. The categorical imperative lies in the need to make others beautiful, free, and powerful, and to learn together. Law appears to develop dynamically in the very time that the City is developed. The possibility of the radically “new” worked in the first part allows articulating freedom and institutions. The logic of a code of honor ultimately allows not to surrender to the Almighty Reason without giving up the Enlightenment
Guéron, Claire. "Retour et retournement : la poétique du déracinement dans "Richard II", "Le Roi Lear", "Coriolan", "Timon d'Athènes" et "La Tempête"". Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030120.
Texto completoRichard II, King Lear, Coriolanus, Timon of Athens and The Tempest feature scenes of banishment, sometimes followed by the exile's return. The versatility of the Elizabethan stage and the polysemic nature of the word "place" in Renaissance English endow these changes of location with discursive meaning. The stakes of such discourse include not just the exile's place in society, but his or her ontological status as well. A close study of the overlapping tropes of homelessness and the uprooted tree suggests that Shakesperean "uprootedness", contrary to what early twentieth-century French ideologues, following Barrès and Maurras, spoke of as "déracinement", does not involve a denial of origins so much as a condition of fundamental "otherness", with respect to others and to one's former self. However, the very notion of human "uprootedness" is problematic, for the ubiquitous metaphor of the human tree is undermined by an underlying affirmation of the uniqueness of the human
Mortimore, Julie. "L’importance du concept de la castration dans la formation et la résolution du symptôme et dans la notion de guérison en psychanalyse, à l'étude de l'oeuvre de Pierre Fédida". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC140.
Texto completoIs there exist one beyond castration ? This aporia where Freud left us as an insuperable point is the starting point of my thesis. This one will consist in studying the concept of castration an its inextricable link with the OEdipus complex, through the writings of Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan and Pierre Fedida. In support of the psychoanaytical private clinic of today, it will be a question of showing how the psychoanalytical cure, and the position of the psychoanalyst, aim at introducing castration. Castration, at the core of psychoanalytic theory, is the pivot of psychic life and is implied in the formation of the symptoms but also in their resolution. This work tries to articulate works of three major authors of the psychoanalysis, Freud, Lacan and Fedida, not to oppose them or confuse them but to put in perspective their field of experience, according to their reference and their style, of which will notably arise the concepts of spaltung (division and splitting) and of absence
Chautard, Paul. "Essai sur une problématique et une systémique des images, dans "Le Palace" de Claude Simon". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF20022.
Texto completoImagery is undeniably the typical key-word in the vocabulary used by claude simon in his various commentaries on his art, in view of both its potency and frequency. Imagery, in fact, creates a problem of methodology : since it is a vague concept, it needs to be analysed on different levels. When applied to a romanesque universe, moreover, it is inevitably a limiting factor, and appears even more inadequate in mastering the specific problems of literary innovation. In spite of these contradictions is it not then likely to lead to other interpretations through its own subversion? what fields of analysis is the reading process capable of covering? we attempt to show the mechanisms of this simonian concept through empirical and practical procedures. We situate it in a double perspective : firstly that of phenomenology and secondly that of structuralism. A gradual exploration of the text referring to different levels of the image is progressively defined. This vague concept will lead us precisely to the logic of ambiguity, founded on problematical reality and textual variants. The image becomes the mainspring of a variational art associating a critical function with a poetic one. This function of imagery becomes rooted in the preponderant descriptive apparatus of the novel
Tavakoli, Aram. "L' image de la femme dans les nouvelles de Paul Morand". Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030022.
Texto completoMejía-Constaín, Beatriz. "Vieillissement et réorganisation neurofonctionnelle pour le traitement du sens métaphorique des mots". Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4858.
Texto completoGiven the significant increase in life expectancy of the general population observed in recent decades, the study of alterations in cognitive functions during normal and pathological ageing is of great importance. The results reported in this thesis contribute to a better understanding of the nature of the age-related changes on processing metaphoric meaning of words and the phenomenon of functional reorganization underlying these processes. After a brief literature review (chapter 1), a first article offering a general view of the problem of language processing in normal aging introduces the series of studies presented in this thesis. This article, presented in Chapter 2, points out the importance of developing specific protocols aiming to establish a link between the different hypotheses concerning cognitive changes during normal aging and those related to changes in neurobiological substrate of language. Chapter 3 presents a behavioural study aiming to assess the availability of attentional resources for the phonological and semantic processing of words and its possible evolution with age. The findings of this study are consistent with the idea of an age- related restriction of available attentional resources for the processing of metaphorical meaning of words. Chapter 4 presents a neuroimaging study. This study was conducted to compare patterns of brain activation of young and older participants during the processing of metaphoric meaning of words. The results emphasize that both, younger and older participants, require the sharing of attentional resources during processing metaphorical meaning of words, but show a functional reorganization in the older group. Taken together, the studies presented here support the hypothesis of an age-related restriction of available attentional resources and of an age-related functional reorganization for the processing of metaphorical meaning of words. The results enrich our understanding of neurocognitive aging models regarding the evolution of neurobiological bases of language.