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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Metallic medium"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 8 de junio de 2024

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1

POPA, OLGA, ANDREI-VLAD CIUBOTARIU, COSMIN CONSTANTIN GRIGORAȘ, ANA-MARIA ROȘU y VALENTIN ZICHIL. "STUDY REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF CORROSIVE AGENTS ON THE SURFACE OF METALLIC MATERIAL LIKE STEEL". Journal of Engineering Studies and Research 28, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2022): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/jesr.v28i2.010.

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Corrosion is a process that involves the action of different agents on material surfaces. Corrosive agents in corrosion field can be ambient, saline and microbiological mediums. These agents can influence the mechanical properties of metallic material like steel. The aim of this research is to present the mechanic properties of sheet steel submitted at the action of corrosive agents. The metallic samples were analyzed in order to determinate the resistance at corrosion by stress-strain curves, deformation limit curves and (Atomic Force microscopy) AFM images. Relative results are obtained in the case of saline medium corrosion, meaning that the saline medium corrosion influences the metallic sample, in proportion to the degree of salinity. Also, the AFM images and topographies of metallic surface confirm this conclusion.

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2

Ryabov, A. V. "Medium-Carbon Free-Cutting Steel". Materials Science Forum 946 (febrero de 2019): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.47.

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The paper presents theoretical and experimental studies of the formation processes of boron nitride, aluminium nitride, aluminium oxide and manganese sulphide inclusions in a free-cutting steel. Fact Sage software was used to model the behaviour of non-metallic inclusions. Formation temperatures and the amount of key inclusions in steel were calculated. Formation order of inclusions is as follows: aluminium oxide > boron nitride > manganese sulphide > aluminium nitride. The object of study was the A45AR grade steel in 1.1–1.2 kg ingots. It was melted in an induction furnace, and aluminium, nitrided ferrosilicon and ferroboron were added after deoxidation before tapping. Quality estimation included chemical composition, macro-and microstructure, the character and shape of non-metallic inclusions. The finished metal contained fine and uniformly distributed inclusions of boron nitride. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of boron nitrides distribution in metal matrix showed that they were present both as individual and complex compounds, mostly of spherical shape. The size of BN inclusions varied from 0.18 to 6.52 μm. The amount of boron added to steel did not affect the size of MnS non-metallic inclusions.

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3

Ye, Dexin, Ling Lu, John D. Joannopoulos, Marin Soljačić y Lixin Ran. "Invisible metallic mesh". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n.º 10 (16 de febrero de 2016): 2568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600521113.

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A solid material possessing identical electromagnetic properties as air has yet to be found in nature. Such a medium of arbitrary shape would neither reflect nor refract light at any angle of incidence in free space. Here, we introduce nonscattering corrugated metallic wires to construct such a medium. This was accomplished by aligning the dark-state frequencies in multiple scattering channels of a single wire. Analytical solutions, full-wave simulations, and microwave measurement results on 3D printed samples show omnidirectional invisibility in any configuration. This invisible metallic mesh can improve mechanical stability, electrical conduction, and heat dissipation of a system, without disturbing the electromagnetic design. Our approach is simple, robust, and scalable to higher frequencies.

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4

Slawska-Waniewska, A., M. Kuzminski, M. Gutowski y H. K. Lachowicz. "Nanocrystalline metallic glass-an unusual particulate medium". IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 29, n.º 6 (noviembre de 1993): 2628–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.280844.

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5

Li, Jing, Xiaofeng Gu y T. C. Hufnagel. "Medium-Range Order in Metallic Glasses Studied by Fluctuation Microscopy". Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (agosto de 2001): 1260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600032372.

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Atomic structure on the 1-2 nm scale, often referred to as “medium-range order” (MRO), is of great importance for understanding the properties of disordered materials. It is, however, difficult to adequately characterize medium-range order. Fluctuation microscopy is a newly developed TEM technique that has successfully been employed to characterize MRO in amorphous semiconductors. The predominance of highly directional covalent bonds leads naturally to the presence of MRO in amorphous semiconductors. For metallic glasses, however, the bonding is primarily metallic and nondirectional. Thus, it is not readily apparent whether MRO would exist, or whether fluctuation microscopy is a useful tool for studying the structure of metallic glasses. in this work we report the use of fluctuation microscopy to identify differing degrees of MRO in Zr-based bulk metallic glasses; the MRO depends on the alloy content and the method of TEM specimen preparation.

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6

Miracle, Daniel B., Takeshi Egami, Katharine M. Flores y Kenneth F. Kelton. "Structural Aspects of Metallic Glasses". MRS Bulletin 32, n.º 8 (agosto de 2007): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2007.124.

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AbstractA recent structural model reconciles apparently conflicting features of randomness, short-range order, and medium-range order that coexist in metallic glasses. In this efficient cluster packing model, short-range order can be described by efficiently packed solute-centered clusters, producing more than a dozen established atomic clusters, including icosahedra. The observed preference for icosahedral short-range order in metallic glasses is consistent with the theme of efficient atomic packing and is further favored by solvent-centered clusters. Driven by solute—solute avoidance, medium-range order results from the organization in space of overlapping, percolating (via connected pathways), quasi-equivalent clusters. Cubic-like and icosahedral-like organization of these clusters are consistent with measured medium-range order. New techniques such as fluctuation electron microscopy now provide more detailed experimental studies of medium-range order for comparison with model predictions. Microscopic free volume in the efficient cluster packing model is able to represent experimental and computational results, showing free volume complexes ranging from subatomic to atomic-level sizes. Free volume connects static structural models to dynamic processes such as diffusion and deformation. New approaches dealing with “free” and “anti-free” microscopic volume and coordinated atomic motion show promise for modeling the complex dynamics of structural relaxations such as the glass transition. Future work unifying static and dynamic structural views is suggested.

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7

Zhang, Jinmin, Vijay K. Varadan y Vasundara V. Varadan. "Acoustic scattering of metallic springs in elastic medium". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108, n.º 5 (noviembre de 2000): 2574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4743564.

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8

Rahmani, Babak, Amirmasood Bagheri, Amin Khavasi y Khashayar Mehrany. "Effective medium theory for graphene-covered metallic gratings". Journal of Optics 18, n.º 10 (20 de septiembre de 2016): 105005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/18/10/105005.

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9

Yeyati, Alfredo Levy y Mariana Weissmann. "Effective-medium calculations for an amorphous metallic alloy". Physical Review B 38, n.º 15 (15 de noviembre de 1988): 10929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.38.10929.

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10

Alonso, J. A., M. D. Glossman y M. P. Iñiguez. "Atomic structure of metallic clusters of medium size". International Journal of Modern Physics B 06, n.º 23n24 (diciembre de 1992): 3613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979292001687.

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We have used Density Functional Theory and the Spherically Averaged Pseudopotential (SAPS) model to study the relative stabilities of sodium clusters with. different atomic arrangements in the size range N ≤340. Starting with perfect crystalline clusters with filled atomic shells we find that small distortions of the geometry strongly enhance their stability. However in the size range studied in this work the distorted crystalline structures are not the absolute energy minima. These are, instead, non-crystalline structures obtained by energy minimization without any structural constraints. In particular, non-crystalline clusters with a number of electrons able to give filled electronic shells are the most stable clusters. The crossover between magic numbers of electronic origin (clusters with filled electronic shells) and magic numbers of atomic origin (crystalline structures with filled atomic shells) has not yet taken place in the size range studied here and should occur for larger sizes.

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11

SHIMONO, Masato. "Model for Medium-Range Order in Metallic Glasses". Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 72, n.º 3 (15 de marzo de 2023): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.72.211.

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12

Ning, Shuya, Zhaoxin Wu, Hua Dong, Lin Ma, Xun Hou y Fanghui Zhang. "Enhancement of lasing in organic gain media assisted by the metallic nanoparticles–metallic film plasmonic hybrid structure". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, n.º 24 (2016): 5717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc01164k.

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13

Lipiński, T. y A. Wach. "Size of Non-Metallic Inclusions in High-Grade Medium Carbon Steel". Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2014): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0086.

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Abstract Non-metallic inclusions found in steel can affect its performance characteristics. Their impact depends not only on their quality, but also, among others, on their size and distribution in the steel volume. The literature mainly describes the results of tests on hard steels, particularly bearing steels. The amount of non-metallic inclusions found in steel with a medium carbon content melted under industrial conditions is rarely presented in the literature. The tested steel was melted in an electric arc furnace and then desulfurized and argonrefined. Seven typical industrial melts were analyzed, in which ca. 75% secondary raw materials were used. The amount of non-metallic inclusions was determined by optical and extraction methods. The test results are presented using stereometric indices. Inclusions are characterized by measuring ranges. The chemical composition of steel and contents of inclusions in every melts are presented. The results are shown in graphical form. The presented analysis of the tests results on the amount and size of non-metallic inclusions can be used to assess them operational strength and durability of steel melted and refined in the desulfurization and argon refining processes.

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14

Liu, Tianzeng, Yanchun Zhao, Li Feng y Pan Gong. "Versatile Medium Entropy Ti-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Composites". Materials 15, n.º 20 (19 de octubre de 2022): 7304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207304.

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An ultra-strong Ti-based bulk metallic glass composite was developed via the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect to enhance both the ductility and work-hardening capability of the amorphous matrix. The functionally graded composites with a continuous gradient microstructure were obtained. It was found that the austenitic center possesses good plasticity and toughness. Furthermore, the amorphous surface exhibited high strength and hardness, as well as excellent wear corrosion resistance. Compared with the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, bulk metallic glass composites (BMGCs) exhibit better spontaneous passivation behavior during the potential dynamic polarization. No crystallization was observed on the friction surface, indicating their good friction-reduction and anti-wear properties.

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15

Gorgun, Erdem, Yahya Dogu y Mahmut Faruk Aksit. "Investigation of Flow Behavior and Porous Medium Resistance Coefficients for Metallic-Cloth Fibers". Fibers 8, n.º 12 (7 de diciembre de 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8120075.

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The flow through porous metallic-cloth fibers influences the cloth seal leakage performance. Measuring the actual seal leakage proves difficult with challenging turbine operating conditions. A non-Darcian porous medium Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was employed for the flow within porous metallic-cloth fibers. CFD analyses need leakage data depending on the pressure load to calibrate flow resistance coefficients. A test rig was built to measure leakage with respect to the pressure load and weave orientation in four directions. The Sutherland-ideal gas approach was utilized to determine the flow resistance coefficients for Dutch twill metallic-cloth fibers as a function of pressure load. The results show that metallic-cloth fiber leakage is a linear function of pressure load. The best–worst order for leakage performance was the warp, diagonal, shute, and cross directions. For the best sealing performance, the flow direction in metallic-cloth fibers would be the warp direction. The flow resistance coefficients depend on the evaluation of the pressure level, which changes over the weave flow thickness. This is represented with the pressure constant (Cdown). The best match between the test and CFD leakages was obtained for the weave directions of warp (0.9), shute (0.9), diagonal (0.7), and cross (0.0). Calibrating the resistance coefficients with respect to the pressure and temperature enables performing CFD analyses in turbine conditions.

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16

Sharma, Jyoti, Urvashi Gupta y R. K. Wanchoo. "Magneto Binary Nanofluid Convection in Porous Medium". International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9424036.

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The effect of an externally impressed magnetic field on the stability of a binary nanofluid layer in porous medium is considered in this work. The conservation equations related to the system are solved using normal mode technique and Galerkin method to analyze the problem. The complex expressions are approximated to get useful results. Mode of heat transfer is stationary for top heavy distribution of nanoparticles in the fluid layer and top heavy nanofluids are very less stable than regular fluids. Oscillatory motions are possible for bottom heavy distribution of nanoparticles and they are not much influenced by properties of different nanoparticles. A comparative analysis of the instability of water based nanofluids with metallic (Cu, Ag) and semiconducting (TiO2, SiO2) nanoparticles under the influence of magnetic field is examined. Semiconducting nanofluids are found to be more stable than metallic nanofluids. Porosity destabilizes the layer while solute difference (at the boundaries of the layer) stabilizes it. Magnetic field stabilizes the fluid layer system significantly.

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17

Moradi, Afshin y Nurhan Türker Tokan. "Magnetostatic microwaves in circular metallic waveguides filled with uniaxial negative permeability media". Journal of Applied Physics 132, n.º 14 (14 de octubre de 2022): 143901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0119773.

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The quasi-magnetostatic (briefly, magnetostatic) microwave propagation in a long, circular cross section waveguide having a metallic wall that is filled with an anisotropic uniaxial magnetic medium (here, a metamaterial consisting of split-ring resonators) is studied. Such waves do not exist in the case of a hollow metallic waveguide or a metallic waveguide filled with an isotropic medium. Physically, the present magnetostatic waves owe their existence to the anisotropic property of the system, where in the absence of this property, these magnetostatic waves disappear. A theoretical analysis is carried out and characteristics of these magnetostatic microwaves in circular metallic waveguides filled with uniaxial negative permeability media are determined. The presented results include the dispersion relation of magnetostatic waves and their corresponding cutoff frequencies, group velocities, transverse modal field distributions, power flows, and stored energies.

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18

Gaskell, P. H. "The Local and Medium Range Structure of Metallic Glasses". Key Engineering Materials 13-15 (enero de 1987): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.13-15.71.

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19

Jarreau, Brittney, Sanichiro Yoshida y Emily Laprime. "Deep Machine Learning for Acoustic Inspection of Metallic Medium". Vibration 5, n.º 3 (28 de agosto de 2022): 530–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration5030030.

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Acoustic non-destructive testing is widely used to detect signs of damage. However, an experienced technician is typically responsible for interpreting the result, and often the evaluation varies depending on the technician’s opinion. The evaluation is especially challenging when the acoustic signal is analyzed in the near field as Fresnel range diffraction complicates the data. In this study, we propose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm to detect anomalies bearing in mind its future application to micro-scale specimens such as biomedical materials. Data are generated by emitting a continuous sound wave at a single frequency through a metal specimen with a sub-millimeter anomaly and collecting the transmitted signal at several lateral locations on the opposite side (the observation plane) of the specimen. The distance between the anomaly and the observation plane falls in the quasi Fresnel diffraction regime. The use of transmitted signals is essential to evaluate the phase shift due to the anomaly, which contains information about the substance in the anomaly. We have developed a seven-layered CNN to analyze the acoustic signal in the frequency domain. The CNN takes spectrograms representing the change in the amplitude and phase of the Fourier transform over the lateral position on the observation plane as input and classifies the anomaly into nine classes in association with the lateral location of the anomaly relative to the probing signal and the material of the anomaly. The CNN performed excellently demonstrating the validation accuracy as high as 99.9%. This result clearly demonstrates CNN’s ability to extract features in the input signal that are undetectable to humans.

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20

Yang, Weiyu, Chunyu Han y Minhua Sun. "A novel medium-range structure in Zr80Pt20 metallic glass". Materials Letters 308 (febrero de 2022): 131154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2021.131154.

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21

Shirmanesh, Ghazaleh Kafaie, Amin Khavasi y Khashayar Mehrany. "Accurate effective medium theory for arrays of metallic nanowires". Journal of Optics 17, n.º 2 (30 de enero de 2015): 025104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/17/2/025104.

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22

Hui, X., R. Gao, G. L. Chen, S. L. Shang, Y. Wang y Z. K. Liu. "Short-to-medium-range order in Mg65Cu25Y10 metallic glass". Physics Letters A 372, n.º 17 (abril de 2008): 3078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2008.01.031.

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23

Huang, X., Z. Ling, Y. J. Wang y L. H. Dai. "Intrinsic structural defects on medium range in metallic glasses". Intermetallics 75 (agosto de 2016): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2016.05.009.

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24

Kbirou, M., S. Trady, A. Hasnaoui y M. Mazroui. "Short and medium-range orders in Co3Al metallic glass". Chemical Physics 513 (septiembre de 2018): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.06.018.

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25

Devi, Mamta y Urvashi Gupta. "ROTATING CASSON NANOFLUID CONVECTION FOR Au, Ag, CuO, AND Al2O3 NANOPARTICLES EMBEDDED BY DARCY-BRINKMAN POROUS MEDIUM". Special Topics & Reviews in Porous Media: An International Journal 14, n.º 3 (2023): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/specialtopicsrevporousmedia.v14.i3.30.

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The present paper investigates convection in a Casson nanofluid layer in porous medium under the influence of Coriolis force using Darcy-Brinkman model. The analysis is carried out using linear stability theory, normal mode technique, and one term Galerkin type weighted residual method for various metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles. The outcomes are compared with previously published results, and fine agreements are noted for the permissible range of parameters. Numerical simulation for porous media is carried out for blood (Casson fluid) using the software Mathematica to make the investigation helpful for practical applications. The effect of porous medium, rotation, Casson parameter, and nanoparticle parameters is discussed. Interestingly, it is found that though Casson fluids are more stable as compared to regular fluids, the Casson parameter itself has a destabilizing effect on the system. The main objective of the study is to consider the impact of Coriolis force on a Casson nanofluid layer with metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles. This effect is of paramount importance in geophysical studies, particularly in the extraction of crude oils. Further, by increasing the rotation parameter, the axial velocity of the blood-based Casson fluid increases, which may help in the treatment of stenosis of arteries and throat. The importance and novelty of the study is the fact that Coriolis force can stabilize various nanoparticle-based Casson fluid layer systems, which were otherwise unstable. As far as metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles are concerned, the stability pattern followed by metallic nanofluids is iron-blood > copper-blood > silver-blood > gold-blood, and for non-metallic nanofluids is silica-blood > alumina-blood > titanium oxide-blood > copper oxide-blood.

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26

Lipiński, Tomasz y Anna Wach. "Dimensional Structure of Non-Metallic Inclusions in High-Grade Medium Carbon Steel Melted in an Electric Furnace and Subjected to Desulfurization". Solid State Phenomena 223 (noviembre de 2014): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.223.46.

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Non-metallic inclusions may be introduced to liquid steel from the outside, usually with charge material, or they may be produced in the metallurgical process. According to literature, if evenly distributed, non-metallic inclusions may affect the functional properties of steel, mainly its fatigue strength. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity and dimensional structure of non-metallic inclusions in high-grade medium carbon steel melted in an electric furnace and subjected to desulfurization. The experimental material consisted of semi-finished products of high-grade, medium-carbon constructional steel containing manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and boron. The levels of phosphorus and sulphur impurities did not exceed 0.02%. Billet samples were collected to determine the chemical composition, microstructure, the relative volume of non-metallic inclusions, and the size of impurities. The results were processed and presented in graphic form.

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27

İlqar oğlu Salmanov, Səbuhi. "Ensuring the strength and sealing of flange connections used in oil mining equipments". SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, n.º 04 (23 de abril de 2021): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/321-324.

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The article discusses the tightness of flange connections used in oil field equipment, provides information about leakage of metallic gaskets. The research results is directed the development og metallic gaskets. Experimental explorations on the sealing of gaskets have been conducted. Based on the obtained analytical expression a graph of functional dependencies was constructed. Tests of metallic gaskets have performed on automatic equipment. Key words: flange connections, sealing, metallic gasket, elastic modulus, leakage rate, compressive stress, medium pressure

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28

ZHAO, LI-MING, BEN-YUAN GU y GUO-ZHEN YANG. "ENHANCEMENT OF SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL FERROELECTRIC-METALLIC PHOTONIC CRYSTALS". Modern Physics Letters B 21, n.º 24 (20 de octubre de 2007): 1599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984907013985.

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We investigate second harmonic generation (SHG) in one-dimensional (1D) ferroelectric-metallic photonic crystals (PCs) which are composed of alternatively inverting poled ferroelectric domains with metallic insert layers. We observe a giant enhancement of SHG conversion efficiency due to high reflectivity of metallic layers, which form resonant cavities and lead to substantial increase of fundamental wave (FW) field in nonlinear medium layers.

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29

Dadashyan L.H., Trofimov R.R., Konobeeva N.N. y Belonenko M.B. "Extremely short pulses in an anisotropic optical medium containing carbon nanotubes with metal conduction". Optics and Spectroscopy 130, n.º 12 (2022): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/eos.2022.12.55246.49-22.

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In this work, we study the interaction of extremely short pulses with a nonlinear anisotropic optical medium with carbon nanotubes (armchair and zigzag type) with metallic conductivity. The dependence of the pulse shape, width, and intensity on the nanotube chirality indices is analyzed. The most appropriate type of carbon nanotubes is substantiated for providing localized propagation of an electromagnetic field in a medium with anisotropic properties. Keywords: optical anisotropy, extremely short pulse, carbon nanotubes, metallic conduc.

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30

Gao, Enduo, Zhimin Liu, Fengqi Zhou y Zhenbin Zhang. "Multiphase resonant properties in metallic dielectric gratings with three-slits". Modern Physics Letters B 33, n.º 21 (30 de julio de 2019): 1950250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919502506.

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The optical transmission properties in a three-slit metal grating with different mediums are studied. The results show that the tunable phase resonances and multiple phase resonances can be obtained by filling different mediums into the three slits of the straight channel grating. When the medium in the three slits is extremely asymmetric, the phenomenon of multiphase splitting becomes very obvious. In addition, based on the field distributions, multiphase resonant mechanisms have been proposed for the physical origins of the observations. In addition, a multi-channel selector is described by flexibly controlling the light through any slit of the grating. Compared with the conventional compound grating, this grating with different mediums has obvious advantages, such as simple structure, and ease of implementation.

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31

Nomoto, Keita, Anna V. Ceguerra, Christoph Gammer, Bosong Li, Huma Bilal, Anton Hohenwarter, Bernd Gludovatz, Jürgen Eckert, Simon P. Ringer y Jamie J. Kruzic. "Medium-range order dictates local hardness in bulk metallic glasses". Materials Today 44 (abril de 2021): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2020.10.032.

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32

Murayama, Mitsuhiro. "A Medium-term Outlook for U.S. Structural Metallic Materials Research". Materia Japan 51, n.º 10 (2012): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.51.462.

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33

Shimono, Masato y Hidehiro Onodera. "Dual Cluster Model for Medium-Range Order in Metallic Glasses". Metals 11, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2021): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111840.

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The atomic structure of medium-range order in metallic glasses is investigated by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Glass formation processes were simulated by rapid cooling from liquid phases of a model binary alloy system of different-sized elements. Two types of short-range order of atomic clusters with the five-fold symmetry are found in glassy phases: icosahedral clusters (I-clusters) formed around the smaller-sized atoms and Frank–Kasper clusters (i.e., Z14, Z15, and Z16 clusters (Z-clusters)) formed around the bigger-sized atoms. Both types of clusters (I-and Z-clusters) are observed even in liquid phases and the population of them goes up as the temperature goes down. A considerable atomic size difference between alloying elements would enhance the formation of both the I- and Z-clusters. In glassy phases, the I- and Z-clusters are mutually connected to form a complicated network, and the network structure becomes denser as the structural relaxation goes on. In the network, the medium-range order is mainly constructed by the volume sharing type connection between I- and Z-clusters. Following Nelson’s disclination theory, the network structure can be understood as a random network of Z-clusters, which is complimentarily surrounded by another type of network formed by I-clusters.

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34

Bykovsky, N. A., L. N. Puchkova y N. N. Fanakova. "Inductive sensor to detect metal impurities in non-metallic medium". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 177 (febrero de 2017): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/177/1/012059.

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35

Belonenko, M. B., Yu V. Nevzorova y I. S. Dvuzhilov. "Light bullets in a Bragg medium containing metallic carbon nanotubes". Optics and Spectroscopy 123, n.º 1 (julio de 2017): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x17070049.

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36

Huang, Peng, Jing Lin, Zhiming Li, Hengyao Hu, Kan Wang, Guo Gao, Rong He y Daxiang Cui. "A general strategy for metallic nanocrystals synthesis in organic medium". Chemical Communications 46, n.º 26 (2010): 4800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cc00307g.

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Hou, Zhao-Yang, Li-Xia Liu, Rang-Su Liu, Ze-An Tian y Jin-Guo Wang. "Short-range and medium-range order in Ca7Mg3 metallic glass". Journal of Applied Physics 107, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 2010): 083511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3357304.

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Adam, A., M. E. Roddie, M. N. Chetty, J. E. Jackson y I. S. Benjamin. "Metallic endoprostheses in malignant biliary strictures — Medium term follow up". Clinical Radiology 45, n.º 1 (enero de 1992): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-9260(05)81511-9.

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Khebbache, Naima, Anthony Maurice, Smail Djabi, Isabelle Russier-Antoine, Christian Jonin, Sergey E. Skipetrov y Pierre-François Brevet. "Second-Harmonic Scattering from Metallic Nanoparticles in a Random Medium". ACS Photonics 4, n.º 2 (13 de enero de 2017): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00520.

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Likhachev, V. A., A. I. Mikhailin y L. V. Zhigilei. "Molecular dynamics study of medium-range order in metallic glasses". Philosophical Magazine A 69, n.º 3 (marzo de 1994): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418619408242222.

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Sun, H. y Z. Y. Li. "Effective medium theory of magnetoresistance in half-metallic granular systems". Physics Letters A 287, n.º 3-4 (agosto de 2001): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(01)00433-9.

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Namkung, J., M. C. Kim y C. G. Park. "The filtering medium properties of electro-less plated metallic glasses". Materials Science and Engineering: A 375-377 (julio de 2004): 1121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.252.

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43

Liu, AC Y., DJ Miller y RC Birtcher. "Medium Range Order in Zr70Pd30 Metallic Glass Under Ion Irradiation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 12, S02 (31 de julio de 2006): 1092–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760606452x.

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44

Huang, Yanyan y Lei Gao. "Negative refractive index in composite medium with metallic magnetic inclusions". Physics Letters A 318, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2003): 592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2003.09.071.

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Nejneru, C., C. Savin, M. C. Perju, D. D. Burduhos-Nergis, M. Costea y C. Bejinariu. "Studies on galvanic corrosion of metallic materials in marine medium". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 572 (2 de agosto de 2019): 012106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/572/1/012106.

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46

Rhee, Young Joon, Stephen Hillier, Helen Pendlowski y Geoffrey Michael Gadd. "Fungal transformation of metallic lead to pyromorphite in liquid medium". Chemosphere 113 (octubre de 2014): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.085.

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Monteiro, J. F., Yu A. Ivanova, A. V. Kovalevsky, D. K. Ivanou y J. R. Frade. "Reduction of magnetite to metallic iron in strong alkaline medium". Electrochimica Acta 193 (marzo de 2016): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.058.

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48

Sietsma, Jilt y Barend J. Thijsse. "An investigation of universal medium range order in metallic glasses". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 135, n.º 2-3 (noviembre de 1991): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(91)90415-3.

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Egami, Takeshi, Wojciech Dmowski y Chae Woo Ryu. "Medium-Range Order Resists Deformation in Metallic Liquids and Glasses". Metals 13, n.º 3 (21 de febrero de 2023): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13030442.

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Resumen

In crystals, lattice defects, such as dislocations, control mechanical deformation. Similarly, it is widely believed that even in glasses and liquids some kinds of defects, strongly disordered regions, play a major role in deformation. To identify defects researchers focused on the nature of the short-range order (SRO) in the nearest neighbor cage of atoms. However, recent results by experiment, simulation and theory raise serious questions about this assumption. They suggest that the atomic medium-range order (MRO) provides resistance against flow at the atomic level. Because the MRO is a bulk property, it implies that defects play only a limited role. This new insight is supported by the density wave theory which shows that the MRO is driven by a top-down global force, rather than being a consequence of the SRO in the bottom-up manner, and the MRO provides stiffness to resist deformation. We briefly summarize the density wave theory, show that the MRO is related to ductility of metallic glasses, and discuss the implications on the role of the MRO in the atomic-level mechanism of deformation.

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50

Liu, Songling, Xinyu Luo, Jingshan Cao, Zhaoyuan Liu, BeiBei Xu, Yonghao Sun y Weihua Wang. "Turing pattern and chemical medium-range order of metallic glasses". Materials Today Physics 38 (noviembre de 2023): 101254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtphys.2023.101254.

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