Tesis sobre el tema "Mesure de la qualité"
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Soubiran, Carole. "Métrologie : exemple de maitrise de processus de mesure, application à la mesure de pression et de température". Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P064.
Texto completoBeuran, Razvan Florin. "Mesure de la qualité dans les réseaux informatiques". Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET4005.
Texto completoQuality is an essential concept for computer networks today given their growing utilisation. Its study is of utmost importance for enabling judgments on the usefulness and value of computer networks and the services they provide. Quality in general is about the correspondence between the expectations of a subject and the properties of an object. Quality in computer networks has two aspects : quality of service (QoS) and user-perceived quality (UPQ). Quality of service treats the above mentioned correspondence in terms of network performance parameters : throughput, loss and delay - a triplet with 2 degrees of freedom. Perceived quality asserts as higher point of view, that of users, and concerns their expectations in terms of application performance. In this case, application specific metrics are defined, that permit assessing in the most objective possible way the degree of user satisfaction. We developed a methodology and test systems that allow assessing the QoS und UPQ for computer networks and applications running over them. On one hand we were able to evaluate the amount of degradation induced by networks elements and the service differentiation introduced by current QoS mechanisms. In the latter case we showed the drawbacks that these mechanisms still have. On the other hand, we established correlation that exists between the network QoS and the application UPQ by simultaneously assessing the metrics associated to these 2 aspects of quality. The studies on file transfer and IP telephony allowed us to establish in an objective fashion the requirements the network must meet for applications to deliver their users a specified satisfaction level
Bachmann, Jérôme. "Contribution à la propagation des incertitudes dans les gammes de mesure des machines à mesurer par coordonnées". Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22090.
Texto completoThe statistical approach of the association of surfaces allows us today, at a given risk, to identify the parameters of usual surfaces. The moment of order 2 is a quality indicator of the estimated parameters and is homogeneous with a variance. This approach opens interesting prospects with regard to the propagation of uncertainties. We set up a method, which must apply to the whole of the specifications of the standard ISO 1101 without modifier. The law of propagation of the GUM was rewritten for vector quantities. The method of generalized propagation is applied to simple cases, which have the characteristic to highlight the complexity of the method. This one requires a matric assembly, which aims to retain only the functional parts of the covariance matrix and the jacobian matrices according to the geometrical operation carried out
Lee, Jihoon. "Image, mesure et communication". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010593.
Texto completoTaken indendently, the notions of the measure and the image have received a lot of attention from the philosophical and the scientific point of view. On the contrary, taken together, they have been simply an object of the rare, incomplete, even contradictory study. This situation could have been caused by diverse factors, of which the most important one would be the following : from the beginning, the measure has been considered as an opposite to the image, just like the scientist to artiste, the pure empirical to the great interior. That's where comes the general refusal of the global confrontation. Thanks to the current science, which depends on a certain interfacial region between the measure and the image, one could begin to abandon this simple and unilateral schema. Today, it becomes to be established : although the measurment is generally a scientific work, it also contains a qualitative activity and viceversa ; although the image is an typical object of the subjectivity, it includes a qualitative aspect of the measure. Our study considers some elements which could allow to see an symptote between two apperently different domains ; including the cartography, the morphology, the photography, the computer graphic and the computer simulation
Fay, Géraldine. "Qualification et mise en place d'un nouvel appareil de mesure de surface spécifique". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P009.
Texto completoHuang, Lidan. "Analyse et contrôle de la qualité du logiciel". Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0084.
Texto completoBressolles, Grégory. "La qualité de service électronique : Netqu@l : mesure, conséquences et variables modératrices". Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10027.
Texto completoIn order to guarantee the growth of electronic trade, researchers and managers have placed service quality at the top of their preoccupations. Although studies over the last twenty years on service quality allowed its better understanding in a traditional context, the technical nature of the service experience on Internet legitimates a re-examination of this concept for an online context. Yet, research concerning the perceived quality of an online purchase experience is with its stammerings. This work thus proposes an integrating framework of service quality evaluation following a purchase act on a commercial Website. The dimensions of electronic service quality are identified and a scale measuring Website quality "Netqual" is created, before studying the impact of electronic service quality on its consequences such as satifaction after the transaction, attitude or trust towards the site. The moderating effects of motivational and individual variables on perceived quality evaluation process as well as on its consequences are analysed. Based on 855 online questionnaires filled by the customers of two commercial sites, the empirical results show that the type of goods sold on the site, the Internet familiarity of the respondent and his expertise in online purchase, moderate the electronic service quality evaluation process. These variables also moderate service quality impact on post purchase satisfaction and attitude towards the site. This research shows that in order to offer a high level of electronic service quality, managers must focus on the functional aspects of both the site and the transaction
Saberi, Atefeh. "Automatic outlier detection in automated water quality measurement stations". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25908.
Texto completoWater quality monitoring stations are used to measure water quality at high frequency. For effective data management, the quality of the data must be evaluated. In a previously developed univariate method both outliers and faults were detected in the data measured by these stations by using exponential smoothing models that give one-step ahead forecasts and their confidence intervals. In the present study, the outlier detection step of the univariate method is improved by identifying an auto-regressive moving average model for a moving window of data and forecasting one-step ahead. The turbidity data measured at the inlet of a municipal treatment plant in Denmark is used as case study to compare the performance of the use of the two models. The results show that the forecasts made by the new model are more accurate. Also, inclusion of the new forecasting model in the univariate method shows satisfactory performance for detecting outliers and faults in the case study data.
Contri, Alexandre. "Qualité géométrique de la mesure de surfaces complexes par moyens optiques". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DENS0025.
Texto completoCorral, Gonzalez Joël Eduardo. "Mesure de paramètres de qualité de service dans les réseaux IP". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10121.
Texto completoAsatsop-Nganmini, Grace Blanche. "La mesure de la qualité perçue d’un dispositif de e-learning". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN22004/document.
Texto completoWith the development of the knowledge society, evaluating the quality of education has become a societal concern. It is a specific learning style. It combines the technological - ICT and Internet - pedagogical and service dimensions. The question on the quality of e-learning framework is a subject to study in emergence. Our research proposes a model for assessing the perceived quality of the “e-learning framework” as a whole. The perceived quality’s approach is an analytical framework based on the learner’s expectations. Through interviews with learners, these expectations are analyzed. A survey, carried out enables to obtain a result of 365 responses from learners enrolled in “partially distance course”, and of 78 responses from learners enrolled in “entirely distance course”. It has enabled us to test the research model and the scale for measuring “combined perceived quality” in e-learning. At the level of global or generic perceived quality of service, tree dimensions are validated: the "tangibility" the "insurance" and the "empathy". On the other hands, In terms of specific perceived quality, two dimensions are validated: "tutoring" and "easy of use". The quality of representation of these dimensions is good. The reliability is also good on all the dimensions. Analysis of internal consistency and validity gives satisfactory results. An analysis of the causal relationships between variables of the model and the role of mediating and moderating variables is carried out. The comparison between the two samples shows significant differences
Sabadie, William. "Contribution à la mesure de la qualité perçue d'un service public". Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10080.
Texto completoThis research takes particular care over a framework of analysis to estimate the public services from the concept of justice in social sciences. After trying to conceptualize the perceived quality, the link between perceived quality and satifaction has been studied in the public services redistributive context, as well public utilities
Durin, Virginie. "Mesure de l'impact de la qualité vocale sur le comportement de l'utilisateur". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066410.
Texto completoGrinfeld, Sophie. "Assurance qualité en métrologie : application à la pH métrie". Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P119.
Texto completoPoirier, Pascal y Pascal Poirier. "Outils automatiques d'évaluation de la qualité des données : suivi en temps réel de la qualité de l'eau d'un ruisseau urbain". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25816.
Texto completoLors d’un suivi en temps réel de la qualité de l’eau d’une rivière, une quantité innombrable de données peut être récoltée permettant ainsi une bonne description des dynamiques changeant rapidement. Cependant, des questions s’imposent. Quelle est la qualité des données mesurées en temps réel? Quels sont les effets de données de mauvaise qualité sur les objectifs associés à leur utilisation? Ce mémoire tente de résoudre cette problématique en présentant des outils automatiques d’évaluation de la qualité des données. Ces outils sont généraux et simples, en ce sens qu’ils s’appliquent à différents emplacements (rivière, STEP, égout, etc.) et qu’ils sont basés sur des méthodes univariées faciles à implanter. Suite à l’application de ces outils, la qualité des données est connue et accrue favorisant ainsi l’atteinte des objectifs reliés à un suivi en temps réel. Leur application est démontrée sur des données mesurées lors d’un suivi en temps réel de la qualité de l’eau d’un ruisseau urbain effectué à l’aide de la station monEAU.
During real-time water quality monitoring in river systems, a huge amount of data is produced which allows a better description of the rapidly changing dynamics compared to spot sampling methods. However, what is the quality of the measured data and what are the impacts of poor data quality on the objectives pursued during real-time water quality monitoring? Therefore, this master thesis proposes automatic data quality assessment tools to tackle this issue. These tools are general and simple, which means that they can be applied to any type of water and that they are based on easy-to-implement univariate methods. Following the application of these tools, data quality will be improved and known as such and will allow to better achieve the objectives of a real-time water quality monitoring project. The application of these tools is demonstrated on data collected during real-time water quality monitoring of an urban river performed using a monEAU station.
During real-time water quality monitoring in river systems, a huge amount of data is produced which allows a better description of the rapidly changing dynamics compared to spot sampling methods. However, what is the quality of the measured data and what are the impacts of poor data quality on the objectives pursued during real-time water quality monitoring? Therefore, this master thesis proposes automatic data quality assessment tools to tackle this issue. These tools are general and simple, which means that they can be applied to any type of water and that they are based on easy-to-implement univariate methods. Following the application of these tools, data quality will be improved and known as such and will allow to better achieve the objectives of a real-time water quality monitoring project. The application of these tools is demonstrated on data collected during real-time water quality monitoring of an urban river performed using a monEAU station.
Gasquet, Pierre. "Mesure de la qualité d'une séquence vidéo traitée par la compression DCT". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1203.
Texto completoGrapin, Gérard. "Qualité des eaux usées : de la mesure en continu à l'alerte pollution". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL017N.
Texto completoData of pH, conductivity, temperature, redox potential, water level provided by early warning stations set up on the water sewage network of the CUGN (Urban Community of Large Nancy) were treated in order to detect; on line, the passage of polluting flows. On the different sites the temporal evolutions of pH and conductivity are modeled by a fuzzy approach of multi-model type using the explicative variables: temperature, potential of electrode, water level in the manholes. The results of the models are compared with the true measurements in order to generate indicators of pollutions. The hour of a specific discharge is estimated starting from its conductivity, pH response curves modeled bya succession of perfectly mixed reactors connected in cascade (systemic approach). The time of transit thus evaluated makes it possible to direct the first field investigations to seek the origin of pollution in order to take ail decisions, which are essential for its treatment on the level of the water sewage treatment unit
Lauer, Peccoud Marie-Reine. "Méthodes statistiques pour le controle de qualité en présence d'erreurs de mesure". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE5136.
Texto completoKansou, Khaled. "Gestion de la qualité de l’eau : contribution à l’évaluation de la qualité de l’eau en Corse". Corte, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CORT0001.
Texto completoWater is an exceptional raw material as far as it is essential for people, animais and vegetables. Ifs considered for a long time as an unlimited plentiful resource. Some people consider it free or almost free. Water is one of the keys of sustainable development; it presents an important dimensional device for the social, economical and environmental development. Water is essential for human health and for that reason it satisfy human essential needs. Ln our research, we find that I?ollution is presented everywhere. Some developed or none developed countries, cares enough about the quality of water and controllers' pollution. Agriculture is the main reason responsible for pollution, more than the industry and municipalities. Ln sorne countries farmers use, fertilizers, pesticides, contaminated ground-water and superficial water. Agriculture remains the principle source for water pollution but the amount of factories and municipalities' garbage has increased in the last years. We believe that there are two hundred to four hundred chemical products found in water. Ln our research ifs composed of two axes. The first is theoretical, and the second is empirical. The primary one is divided into two chapters: ln. The first, it will concern sustainable development, to study the relation between economy and environ ment, concept of development, influence of climatic changes and inform the international politics. We took the example of Corsica to show that the nearness of watercourses for populations bordering the street has an impact on the quality of water in the same capacity as nearness of porcine animal. Data come in the form of qualitative evaluations allocated by experts. A model of logique floue was used to establish a synthesis of data and define a quality indication of the water taking its stocks interval [0, 1]. An econometric analysis allowed then to update the determiners of the quality of water
Viollon, Stéphanie. "Influence des informations visuelles sur la caractérisation de la qualité acoustique de l'environnement urbain". Cergy-Pontoise, 2000. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/00CERG0086.pdf.
Texto completoDefréville, Boris. "Caractérisation de la qualité sonore de l'environnement urbain : une approche physique et perceptive basée sur l'identification des sources sonores". Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/05CERG0275.pdf.
Texto completoNoise in cities is perceived as a question of quality of life. It is generally evaluated by the measurement of his sound level. If this measure is representative of noisy environments which are characterised by continuous flow of vehicles, it is insufficient to characterise the "colour" of a urban soundscape where different sources coexist. The first part reveals that sound sources are not perceived the same manner and their metrological evaluation should be adapted consequently. This present work proposes an indicator linked to the unpleasantness of sound. Depending on the place it describes, this indicator sometimes uses the loudness of the sequence but always takes account characteristics of emergent sound of sources. The second part of the study proposes two methods for the automatic calculation of this indicator thanks to the identification of sound sources. This tool represents, in fine, a help to the management of an urban soundscape
Mantel, Claire. "Bruits temporels de compression et perception de la qualité vidéo : mesure et correction". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680787.
Texto completoHosseini, Kossar. "Mesure et interprétation du changement d'utilité dérivée d'instruments de qualité de vie psychométriques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0277/document.
Texto completoIn health economic, the concept of utility was used to describe a state of health in patients. The unit value of health state utility ranges between 0, representing "death" state, and 1 representing a "perfect" health state. It is possible to recover through the measurement of utility both the clinical outcome and their impact on the health of the patient, and thus express the quality of life related to health. In this work, we used the indirect approach for estimating utility that is derived from a generic utility scales (quality of life questionnaires). The objectives of this thesis were to define a threshold of change for the utility derived from psychometric instruments measuring quality of life, and to take into account for the change interpretation, the presence of comorbidities or a response-shift phenomenon. We used data from a cohort of patients with osteoarthritis of lower limbs (KHOALA cohort) for estimate the impact of comorbidities in utility measured by the SF-6D its change over 3 years. We are also interested in the particular case of living kidney donors. The utility was estimated by the EQ-5D and SF-6D before and 3 months after kidney donation. A threshold of significant deterioration has been estimated and the presence of a response-shift phenomenon was controlled. The results showed the deleterious effect of comorbidities on utility measurement for patients with lower limbs osteoarthritis, and highlighted the importance of the functional severity of osteoarthritis in the expression of utility and its change over time. Living kidney donors experienced a significant decrease in their utility score in the short term, and more than third of donors have reached the threshold of significant deterioration. The threshold of utility change varies depending on the population studied, the measurement instrument, and the methodology used to define the threshold. In conclusion, the assessment of utility change must take into account the existence of other diseases and the adaptation of the individual on his health state variation. The complexity of measuring individual preferences by psychometric instruments should lead to be careful about introducing them in the economic evaluation. The use of a threshold for the interpretation of utility change can be an additional element in the decision-making process
Poirier, Pascal. "Outils automatiques d'évaluation de la qualité des données : suivi en temps réel de la qualité de l'eau d'un ruisseau urbain". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25816.
Texto completoDuring real-time water quality monitoring in river systems, a huge amount of data is produced which allows a better description of the rapidly changing dynamics compared to spot sampling methods. However, what is the quality of the measured data and what are the impacts of poor data quality on the objectives pursued during real-time water quality monitoring? Therefore, this master thesis proposes automatic data quality assessment tools to tackle this issue. These tools are general and simple, which means that they can be applied to any type of water and that they are based on easy-to-implement univariate methods. Following the application of these tools, data quality will be improved and known as such and will allow to better achieve the objectives of a real-time water quality monitoring project. The application of these tools is demonstrated on data collected during real-time water quality monitoring of an urban river performed using a monEAU station.
Lafrance, Chantal. "Les enregistrements électroencéphalographiques, EEGs, à l'éveil comme mesure de la qualité de l'éveil". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0016/NQ53282.pdf.
Texto completoHoumani, Nesma. "Analyse de la qualité des signatures manuscrites en-ligne par la mesure d'entropie". Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765378.
Texto completoBoissonneault, Maxime. "Effets non-linéaires et qualité de la mesure en électrodynamique quantique en circuit". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5734.
Texto completoAuquier, Pascal. "Concepts et mesure de la qualité de vie liée à la santé : exemples et applications". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T026.
Texto completoBluteau, Hélène. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité des mesures sur les machines à mesurer tridimensionnelles : surveillance, diagnostic et correction des défaillances". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DENS0007.
Texto completoGuerra, Anne-Sophie. "Métrologie sensorielle dans le cadre du contrôle qualité visuel". Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS037.
Texto completoThe thesis deals with the problem of visual quality control of high quality manufactured products. We make the hypothesis that the control of this quality will be still realized many years by a visual inspection of the products. The first chapter presents a bibliographical study of different elements relating to the quality control in general, and particularly, the visual inspection. The chapter 2 describes the generic approach that we propose to perceive, then evaluate an anomaly. This approach separates in a formal way the perception of an anomaly from its evaluation. We show that this distinction gives a better comprehension of the variability sources in the visual inspection. Based on the approaches very largely used within the framework of the sensory analysis, our approach thus formalizes these two steps in order to reduce the variability in the decision of conformity during a visual inspection. The chapter 3 proposes a structuring metrological approach having for objective to guarantee the accuracy and the reduced variability in time and space. Our suggestion, based on the concepts of a dimensional metrology, integrates the specificities related to any sensory measurement carried out by the man, and in particular the part of significant subjectivity which can be associated to this measurement. Based on the evaluation of only one anomaly, we describe in the chapter 4 an approach allowing to decide acceptance or refusal of a product combining various anomalies on various surfaces. Our approach, based on the Taguchi's loss function, makes it possible to generalize with the visual inspection the approaches of tolerance largely used in geometrical quality of the products. The chapter 5 illustrates the application of these concepts within the company with which we collaborated. It also proposes a synthesis of profits that such an approach can produce
Aubé, Lucien. "Identification des indicateurs de qualité des interventions en formation sur mesure auprès des organisations". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32571.pdf.
Texto completoQuintard, Ludovic. "Evaluation de la qualité des dispositifs d'affichage couleur : des évaluations subjectives à la mesure objective". Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Quintard-Ludovic/2008-Quintard-Ludovic-These.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis was conducted in cooperation with the Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais (LNE) within the framework of a CIFRE convention. This work consisted in realising an objective metric dedicated to the assessment of image retrieval devices (screens). To address the underlying issues, we developed an algorithm for estimating quality using the monitor features and those of the Human Visual System. The developed algorithm is made up of three blocks. The first block takes into account the technical features of the monitor (transfer function, gamut, etc. ) to turn a digital image (sent to the monitor using a digital device) into a physical image (displayed by the monitor). The second block of the algorithm models the transformation of the physical image into a perceptual image. This modelling involves familiarity with human visual system operational principles, particularly the encoding of colour information, as well as the perceptual attributes involved in judging a colour digital image quality. The required knowledge is described in chapter 4 of the present thesis. The third and last block was developed to rate the quality of this perceptual image. A subjective study of the quality of 5 different LCD screens involving thirty participants and based on six analysis criteria was performed. It successfully showed that colour, saturation and contrast are major factors on which the screen quality is assessed. The metric developed was based on these findings and shows good correlation with subjective evaluation data, thus showing similarity with human judgement. The metric was also tested in the field of JPEG and JPEG2000 compression with similar efficiency
Bucumi, Sommer Catherine. "Gestion de la qualité totale et mesure de la performance : examen critique de leurs relations à l'aune des pratiques dans les industries agroalimentaires". Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4005.
Texto completoThe aim of this dissertation is to assess the nature and use of performance measurement tools in the context of total quality management. We establish and test a model on a sample of 91 agri-food companies all operating in France. However, given the fact that empirical studies on this topic are scarce and do not always give consistent results, additional analyses are proposed. Three main findings arise from our analyses. First, we highlight the existence of the relationship between TQM and the use of multidimensional performance measurement systems. We show that the implementation of TQM practices is accompanied by a use of multidimensional performance measurement systems for those companies that have adopted one of the ISO 9000 standards. This relationship seems to be much better explained by non-financial indicators than by financial indicators. Similarly, it is in the non-ISO accredited organizations that total quality control and total quality learning are both positively and significantly associated to the multidimensional performance measurement systems and especially to non-financial indicators. Then, we identify a positive and significant relationship between TQM and the use of performance measurement tools. The results show a positive and very signifiant relationship between the degree of implementation of TQM practices and a joint use (diagnostic and interactive) of performance measurement tools. Finally, the test of mediation hypotheses shows that the use and the nature of the performance measurement tools play important roles in the relationship between TQM and organizational performance. When performance measurement tools are introduced in the model, the predictive power of this model increases which demonstrates the importance of these tools. We observe a partial mediation of the multidimensional performance measurement systems and diagnostic use
Abouzahir, Omar. "Conception d'un outil de mesure et de réduction des coûts de non qualité : application au pilotage des processus industriels". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002197.
Texto completoPernetti, Mimma. "Systèmes biologiques pour le monitorage des eaux : aspects d'ingénieur, du laboratoire à la mesure sur le terrain". Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2119.
Texto completoBoujut, Hugo. "Mesure sans référence de la qualité des vidéos haute définition diffusées avec des pertes de transmission". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14578/document.
Texto completoThe goal of this Ph.D thesis is to design a no-reference video quality assessment method for lossy net-works. This Ph.D thesis is conducted in collaboration with the Audemat Worldcast Systemscompany.Our first no-reference video quality assessment indicator is the frozen frame detection.Frozen frame detection was a research topic which was well studied in the past decades.However, the challenge is to embed a frozen frame detection method in the GoldenEagleAudemat equipment. This equipment has low computation resources that not allow real-time HD video decoding. Two methods are proposed: one based on the compressed videostream motion vectors (MV-method) and another one based on the DC coefficients from thedct transform (DC-method). Both methods only require the partial decoding of the com-pressed video stream which allows for real-time analysis on the GoldenEagle equipment.The evaluation shows that results are better than the frame difference base-line method.Nevertheless, the MV and the DC methods are only suitable with for MPEG2 and H.264video streams. So a third method based on SURF points is proposed.As a second step on the way to a no-reference video quality assessment metric, we areinterested in the visual perception of transmission impairments. We propose a full-referencemetric based on saliency maps. This metric, Weighted Mean Squared Error (WMSE), is theMSE metric weighted by the saliency map. The saliency map role is to distinguish betweennoticeable and unnoticeable transmission impairments. Therefore this spatio-temporal saliencymaps is computed on the impaired frame. Thus the pixel difference in the MSE computationis emphasized or diminished with regard to the pixel saliency. According to the state of theart, several improvements are brought to the saliency map computation process. Especially,new spatio-temporal saliency map fusion strategies are designed.After our successful attempt to assess the video quality with saliency maps, we develop ano-reference quality metric. This metric, Weighted Macro-Block Error Rate (WMBER), relies on the saliency map and the macro-block error detection. The macro-block error detectionprovides the impaired macro-blocks location in the frame. However, the impaired macro-blocks are concealed with more or less success during the decoding process. So the saliencymap provides the user perceived impairment strength for each macro-block.Several psycho-visual studies have shown that semantics play an important role in visualscene perception. These studies conclude that faces and text are the most attractive. Toimprove the spatio-temporal saliency model a semantic dimension is added. This semanticsaliency is based on the Viola & Jones face detector.To predict the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) from objective metric values like WMBER,WMSE, PSNR or SSIM, we propose to use a supervised learning approach. This approach iscalled Similarity Weighted Average (SWA). Several improvements are brought to the originalSWA.For the metrics evaluation a psycho-visual experiment with 50 subjects has been carriedout. To measure the saliency map models accuracy, a psycho-visual experiment with aneye-tracker has also been carried out. These two experiments habe been conducted in col-laboration with the Ben Gurion University, Israel. WMBER and WMSE performances arecompared with reference metrics like SSIM and PSNR. The proposed metrics are also testedon a database provided by IRCCyN research laboratory
Rogron, Bertrand. "Qualité et performances de l'image radar dans le domaine complexe". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30070.
Texto completoMalaoui, Abdessamad. "Automatisation en température par microcontrôleur d'un banc de mesure ultrasonore : applications au contrôle qualité en agroalimentaire". Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11071.
Texto completoSabadie, William. "CONTRIBUTION A LA MESURE DE LA QUALITE PERÇUE D'UN SERVICE PUBLIC". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467913.
Texto completoPerrot, Nathalie. "Maîtrise des procédés alimentaires et théorie des ensembles flous". Massy, ENSIA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EIAA0075.
Texto completoAndré, Michel. "Construction de cycles de conduite représentatifs pour la mesure des émissions de polluants des véhicules". Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISALO006.
Texto completoThe measurement of pollutant emissions from vehicles requires the defining of representative test conditions and driving cycles. This last one requires a knowledge of vehicle usage and of their operating conditions. For that, private vehicles are fitted with on-board data acquisition systems, and used normally by their owner. According to these principles, 80 European cars have been selected and monitored by 4 European laboratories. Globally, 10,000 trips and 90,000 km have been recorded. Driving conditions are analysed through the speed recorded on-board the vehicles, during elementary periods, or kinematic segments with homogeneous size. These ones are described by the crossed-distribution of the instant speeds and accelerations. Correspondence Analysis and Clustering allow the defining of a driving conditions typology in 12 classes. The same tools are used to characterise trips as regards the driving conditions encountered. According to these typologies, two sets of 3 and 8 driving cycles are built-up that represent urban, road and motorway trips. 30 gasoline and diesel vehicles, with and without catalysator are tested on a chassis dynamometer using these driving cycles. Emissions values (CO, HC, NOx and CO2 ) measured on the 3 main driving cycles underestimate the results obtained while using the 8 cycles. That highlights the necessity of a detailed description of the driving conditions, as non-average operating conditions can led to high overemissions. Link between thermal and kinematic conditions and the impact of cold start show the necessity to proof this point. Links between driving conditions and vehicles characteristics question the principle of the usage of a unique driving cycle for all the vehicles
Martin, Chantal. "Conception d'une sonde anti-diffraction et évaluation d'algorithmes en vue de la mesure locale de l'atténuation dans les tissus biologiques". Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1T151.
Texto completoVaillant, Benoît. "Mesurer la qualité des règles d'association : études formelles et expérimentales". Télécom Bretagne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TELB0026.
Texto completoKnowledge discovery in databases aims at extracting information contained in data warehouses. It is a complex process, in which several experts (those acquainted with data, analysts, processing specialists, etc. ) must act together in order to reveal patterns, which will be evaluated according to several criteria: validity, novelty, understandability, exploitability, etc. Depending on the application field, these criteria may be related to differing concepts. In addition, constant improvements made in the methodological and technical aspects of data mining allow one to deal with ever-increasing databases. The number of extracted patterns follows the same increasing trend, without them all being valid, however. It is commonly assumed that the validation of the knowledge mined cannot be performed by a decision maker, usually in charge of this step in the process, without some automated help. In order to carry out this final validation task, a typical approach relies on the use of functions which numerically quantify the pertinence of the patterns. Since such functions, called interestingness measures, imply an order on the patterns, they highlight some specific kind of information. Many measures have been proposed, each of them being related to a particular category of situations. We here address the issue of evaluating the objective interestingness of the particular type of patterns that are association rules, through the use of such measures. Considering that the selection of ``good'' rules implies the use of appropriated measures, we propose a systematic study of the latter, based on formal properties expressed in the most straightforward terms. From this study, we obtain a clustering of many commonly-used measures which we confront with an experimental approach obtained by comparing the rankingsinduced by these measures on classical datasets. Analysing these properties enabled us to highlight some particularities of the measures. We deduce a generalised framework that includes a large majority of them. We also apply two Multicriteria Decision Aiding methods in order to solve the issue of retaining pertinent rules. The first approach takes into account a modelling of the preferences expressed by an expert in the field being mined about the previously defined properties. From this modelling, we establish which measures are the most adapted to the specific context. The second approach addresses the problem of taking into account the potentially differing values that the measures take, and builds an aggregated view of the ordering of the rules by taking into account the differences in evaluations. These methods are applied to practical situations. This work also led us to develop powerful dedicated software, Herbs. We present the processing it allows for rule selection purposes, as well as for the analysis of the behaviour of measures and visualisation aspects. Without any claim to exhaustiveness in our study, the methodology We propose can be extended to new measures or properties, and is applicable to other data mining contexts
Leleu, Henri. "Mesure de la continuité longitudinale dans le champ des soins primaires dans le contexte français". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00964126.
Texto completoLe, May Sylvie. "Mesure et évaluation de la qualité des services anesthésiques selon les perceptions de patients et de chirurgiens". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60828.pdf.
Texto completoLagouanelle-Simeoni, Marie-Claude. "Conceptualisation et validation d'une échelle de mesure de qualité de vie liée à la santé chez l'adolescent". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX20676.pdf.
Texto completoGery, Anne. "Qualité des fumées d'incinération de déchets évaluée par mesure de la cytotoxicité sur cellules de type macrophagique". Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Gery.Anne.SMZ9738.pdf.
Texto completoOur work consists in developing a global bio-assay to evaluate on-line waste incineration stack gas quality. Total stack gases (gas, aerosols, particles) are sampled from the inside of the stack and flow down into an exposure chamber. Alveolar macrophage-like cells from the THP-1 monocyte strain are prepared in culture dishes that allow their contact with an atmosphere. They are maintain in close contact with incineration stack gases in the exposure chamber providing to the cell culture an humidified 37°C-regulated atmosphere, and react to the global stack gas quality. Using the comparison of exposed cells to blank cells kept in clean air, one can attribute a cytotoxicity rate to the gases. Acolorimetric method gives cell viability : yellow tetrazolium MTT salt solution is reduced into a formazan blue salt by only cells. The lower the rate, the better the quality of the stack gases. Our work shows that : testing the bio-assay on simple gases is essential in order its sensitivity to polluants which may be present in the atmosphere ; the cell response in well correlated with NO2, SO2 or HCl concentration ; cells cultured on membranes on which stack gas dusts were collected show high cytotoxicity rates ; hence the stack gas sampling must preserve dusts transported by the gases from the source tested to the reactive cells ; the cytotoxicity index is related to NO, CO, SO2 and HCl concentrations measured in stack gases, even weakly ; in addition, the index seems to be also sensitive to micropollutants which are not measured here. This global bio-assay may be a good complement to the routine controls performed on stack gases, for it can detect pollutants that physical and chemical controls does even not measure
Laforge, Albert. "Validation d'un nouvel appareil de mesure ambulatoire de la pression artérielle : Diasys integra". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M160.
Texto completoPicard, Charles-Florian. "Développement de méthodes et d’outils associant la modélisation numérique et des mesures in situ afin de concilier la qualité de l’air intérieur et l’efficacité énergétique". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS014.
Texto completoIndoor Air Quality (IAQ) knowledge is necessary to address the sanitary and socio-economic issues of this field, in both public and private domains. Laboratory-grade measuring devices are generally burdensome and expensive. Alone, they cannot provide a full response to large-scale IAQ information needs. This work focuses on the use of two alternative methods in this context, which are IAQ modeling and the use of low-cost sensors, with the purpose of removing certain barriers to their deployment. As a first step, this manuscript describes the numerical developments made in order to enrich a library of models for nodal modeling of IAQ, initiated by EDF R&D. The main additions include the modeling of humidity and indoor particle deposition. In order to evaluate the relevance of the choices made, a validation work has been carried out by confronting the IAQ library results with analytical solutions, experimental data and other modeling tools. One of the major issues of this type of modeling method is the complex choice of input data. This step can have a significant impact on the results provided and there is a need to assess their influence. The modeling of various mono-zone or multi-zone case studies, from the residential and tertiary sectors, has highlighted the advantages and the limitations of the developed tool regarding the quality of the predictions of the concentrations of gaseous and particulate pollutants. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the key parameters responsible for model uncertainty in a few configurations. As a second step, an innovative method of particulate matter measurement has been developed, associating several low-cost particle sensors. This approach allowed to tackle the issues of reliability of this kind of sensors and the limitations of their detection capabilities. The design of prototypes and their use in different indoor environments have given promising results. Several developments are then proposed in order to generalize and validate the robustness of this approach
Moularat, Stéphane. "Etude de la contamination fongique des environnements intérieurs par la détermination et la mesure de traceurs chimiques spécifiques : application à l'hygiène de l'habitat". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0240.
Texto completoDisease occurrence in mouldy environments is very widely described in the literature. Health effects of moulds and associated metabolites are numerous: infection, allergy, toxi-infection, irritations. Prevalence and severity of declared diseases in the childs and adults seem correlated with an increase of indoor contaminated surfaces. However, the characterization of occupant exposure remains underestimated. The object of this work is essentially focused on the development of analytical methods to determine microbiological indoor quality, the definition and validation of survey indicators. This research is thus both aimed at the development and improvement of sampling techniques and also on the conception and adaptation of direct and indirect measurements methods of metabolism products ( Specific VOC) or of specific cellular components (Ergosterol, mycotoxins). The study of VOC of fungus origin enabled the definition of relevant chemical tracers associated with fungus development. >From these compounds, we established an index of fungus contamination in the indoor environments. Samplings realized in 12 houses allowed the validation of this index. Besides, an original methodology of quantification of mould exposure was proposed taking into account the evaluation of biomass and airborne mycotoxins. The transfer rate of material-air of a mycotoxin (the sterigmatocystin) was also studied