Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Merisota"

Reproductive biology, including mating behavior, ootheca deposition, ootheca rotation, and postembryonic development, were examined and described in a Japanese polyphagid, Eucorydia yasumatsui Asahina, 1971. E. yasumatsui lacks elaborate pre-copulation behaviors, in contrast to most cockroaches. On encountering a female, the male rushes to her, chases her, touching her with his antennae, and finally the pair initiates “tail-to-tail” copulation. The ootheca bears a well-developed, serrated keel along its dorsal median line and a flange on its anterior end, which is grasped with the female’s paraprocts while she carries the ootheca. The ootheca formed in the vestibulum emerges from her caudal end, with its keel upwards. Several hours later, she rotates the ootheca clockwise by 90°, viewed from the female’s side, into a horizontal position. After rotation, she carries the ootheca, maintaining this horizontal position for a few days, and then deposits it on the ground. The number of larval instars was 9 or 10 in females and 8 or 9 in males. Addition of annuli to the antennal flagellum occurs from the 2nd instar molting onwards, and annular division occurs both in the 1st annulus of the flagellum (meriston) and in the annulus following it (called “meristal annulus” from the 3rd instar on): one to several annuli from the former and a single annulus from the latter are added. Sexes can be distinguished from the 3rd instar on according to the changes of the postabdominal structures. Regarding exposed structures, in the female the posterior margin of abdominal coxosternum VIII becomes incised medially, the abdominal coxosterna VIII and IX retract, and the styli of segment IX disappear. The male does not undergo marked externally visible changes.

Virtuaaliteknologialla voidaan rakentaa museoon kokemus kadonneesta fyysisestä menneisyydestä ja antaa nykyihmisille mahdollisuus aistia kadonnutta historiaa ja kulttuuriperintöä. Teknologia tehostaa historiallisen kulttuuriperinnön ja siitä lähteiden varassa tehtyjen tulkintojen saavutettavuutta. Virtuaali­ historia eroaa kirjallisesta historiasta ja perinteisistä museotuotannoista erityisesti siinä, että virtuaali­ teknologialla toteutettu menneisyyden uudelleentulkinta vaatii tutkijoiden ja virtuaaliteknologian am­ mattilaisten saumatonta yhteistyötä. Merikeskus Vellamossa Kotkassa avautui kesällä 2020 näyttely Kohtalona Ruotsinsalmi, joka avaa Kustaan sodan (1788–1790) kulkua merellä ja seurauksia ranni­ kolla sekä esittää Ruotsinsalmen toisen meritaistelun monimediaisesti. Yksi näistä on peliteknologialla toteutettu Savua aalloilla ­elämys, jossa sodan päättänyt Ruotsinsalmen toinen meritaistelu tuodaan museokävijän nähtäville virtuaalisesti. Elämystä varten tehtiin merkittävä määrä historiantutkimusta, jotta saaristolaivastojen alukset ja miehistöt voitiin rakentaa digitaalisesti uudelleen tulkittuina. Täs­ sä katsauksessa esittelen Ruotsin ja Venäjän Itämerellä 1700­luvun lopussa toimineiden saaristo­ laivastojen alusten digitaalista mallintamista, siihen liittyviä tiedollisia ongelmia ja sitä käsittelevää virtuaalitodellisuushanketta.

Records are given for 29 species of Oidini, Galerucini, Metacyclini and Hylaspini from Pakistan, northern India, Nepal and Bhutan. Meristata quadrifasciata interrupta (Kollar & Redtenbacher) is considered subspecifically distinct, Galerucella placida Baly is considered separate from G. grisescens (Joann.), and the status of Nepalogaleruca elegans angustilineafa Kimoto & Takizawa is discussed.

In preparing a manual on the marine bivalves of the Panamic Province, we have found three species of the Tellinidae that lack names. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new species of Tellina (Hertellina), a new species of Tellina (Merisca), and a new species of Tellina (Acorylus). The subgenus Acorylus is reported for the first time from the eastern Pacific Ocean.

This paper examines Russia’s “next” generation and its expressions of anti-consu- merist protest, which stem from a fascination with the american beat Generation. Criticism of the consumerist lifestyle prompts the protagonists of bogatyreva’s prose to seek an alternative, especially through hitchhiking, which provides the opportunity to become closer to oneself and others. Communion with nature and a turn towards Eastern Mysticism become important elements of these new styles of existence. The nature of the rebellion of the “next” generation is primarily psy- chological, with an emphasis on expanding one’s own awareness, as well as social, underpinned by the dream of creating a society based on anti-capitalist ideals.

Riset ini dilatarbelakangi oleh lemahnya kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa sekolah dasar. Tujuan riset ini adalah untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa yang duduk di bangku sekolah dasar dengan menerapkan metode inkuiri terbimbing pada materi mata pelajaran sains agar dapat mengetahui perbedaan yang relevan pada materi sains. Metode riset yang digunakan metode library research dan metode kuantitatif, dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa yang duduk di bangku sekolah dasar kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 011 Ganting Damai. Hasil riset ini menunjukan bahwa pengaruh pada penerapan metode inkuiri terbimbing terhadap pembelajaran sains di sekolah dasar sangat baik dalam proses pembelajaran karena dapat mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa dengan memodifikasikan sesuatu hal yang telah dipelajari untuk menciptakan suatu hal yang baru serta mampu menciptakan sesuatu hal yang inovatif dalam hasil pengalaman belajarnya. Periset selanjutnya bisa meriset pengalaman belajar siswa yang berkaitan dengan kemampuan membuat produk yang baru dan inovatif.

Semakin maraknya penggunaan teknologi pada komputer tablet A pada anak usia 7 tahun memberikan dampak bagi anak. Riset ini bertujuan mengukur pengaruh penggunaan teknologi komputer tablet A pada anak usia 7 tahun yang berada pada kelas 1 sekolah dasar. Metode kuasi eksperimen diaplikasikan pada riset ini. Populasi berjumlah 300 siswa. Sampel riset berjumlah 60 siswa dan merupakan siswa kelas 1 sekolah dasar yang rata-rata berusia 7 tahun. Penggunaan teknologi komputer tablet A berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendidikan anak usia 7 tahun. Penggunaan komputer tablet A harus didampingi oleh guru dan orang tua di rumah. Beberapa aplikasi pada komputer tablet A harus disesuaikan dengan tahap perkembangan anak usia 7 tahun. Guru dan orang tua harus memproteksi komputer tablet A agar tidak terkoneksi dengan aplikasi-aplikasi yang tidak pantas. Peneliti lanjutan bisa meriset tentang efisiensi penggunaan komputer tablet A per hari agar penggunaan komputer tablet A

Riset ini dilatarbelakangi oleh minimnya kerjasama yang dilakukan siswa saat berkelompok dalam pembelajaran. Tujuan riset ini adalah untuk mengukur seberapa besar pengaruh pembelajaran kolaborasi terhadap keterampilan menirukan gerak hewan pada siswa SD kelas 5. Metode riset yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan pretes dan postes. Teknik analisis dengan menggunakan uji statistic sederhana. Hasil riset menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran kolaborasi yang dilakukan guru kelas 5 berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keterampilan menirukan gerak hewan pada siswa sekolah dasar saat pembelajaran tematik sains dilakukan. Pembelajaran kolaborasi harus terus dilakukan guru agar keterampilan psikomotorik siswa semakin berkembang. Pembelajaran kolaborasi merupakan pembelajaran masa kini dan masa depan karena kepandaian seseorang saat ini salah satunya diukur dari kemampuan berkolaborasi dan/atau kerjasama untuk mengerjakan suatu proyek atau bidang tertentu. Pembelajaran kolaborasi menuntut siswa memiliki keterampilan emosi yang baik. Periset berikutnya bisa meriset tentang pentingnya sikap saling menghargai antar teman agar pembelajaran kolaborasi semakin bisa diterapkan pada jenjang berikutnya.

Based on captive breeding, the postembryonic development of the ground louse Zorotypus caudelli Karny, 1927 (Zoraptera, Zorotypidae) was examined and described in detail. The number of nymphal instars in Z. caudelli is five. During the second molt (2nd to 3rd instar), the number of antennomeres increases from eight to nine by subdivision of the basal flagellomere (meriston). Apterous and winged forms differentiate in the 4th nymphal instar. In the 4th instar of the winged form, small wing pads and small ocular spots appear. In the 5th instar, the wing pads elongate and the ocular spots are widened, and three ocelli are differentiated. Wing dimorphism may be a phenomenon independent of crowding. The two sexes closely resemble each other as in other zorapteran species, and sexual dimorphism does not appear until the final (5th) nymphal instar: in the 5th instar of males, setae increase in number on the 9th and 10 + 11th abdominal terga, and a small posteromedian swelling appears on the 10 + 11th abdominal tergum, the precursor of the mating hook. Key to nymphal instars of Zorotypus caudelli was given. The formation of thoracic pleural sclerites was examined and revaluated.

The article reveals that a decrease in the background production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the peritoneal neutrophils of mice after a short-term (40 minutes) stay in hypomagnetic conditions (residual field  10 nT) at physiological temperatures, detected by the method of lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence, is not accompanied by a violation of chemiluminescent response to respiratory burst activators: formylated peptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) and phorbol ester of phorbol-12-meristat-13-acetate (PMA). These results were obtained by activated chemiluminescence using lucigenin or luminol and various combinations of ROS production activators (PMA and/or fMLF). In contrast, the action of combined parallel constant (induction 60 μT) and alternating (amplitude range 60-180 nT, frequency 49.5 Hz) magnetic fields (CMF) leads to a decrease in the chemiluminescent response to these activators. These data indicate different sources of ROS that respond to certain modes of CMF and hypomagnetic field in neutrophils. The conducted research and the previously obtained results enable to exclude the systems that control the respiratory burst in neutrophils from the main targets and acceptors that respond to short-term deprivation of the magnetic field.

Salah satu komoditas unggulan petani Indonesia berperan dalam peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia yang dapat mensejahterakan masyarakat adalah tanaman kopi. Pada komoditas kopi, biasanya yang diperjualbelikan adalah biji kopi, sementara kulit kopi yang merupakan 40-45% bagian dari buah menjadi limbah organik yang dapat merusak lingkungan. Limbah tersebut perlu dimanfaatkan sebagai praktik zero waste untuk mendukung ekonomi hijau. Eco-dye merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk mengambil warna dari alam. Eco-dye dapat menjadi solusi pemanfaatan limbah kulit ceri kopi sebagai pewarna alam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meriset bagaimana limbah kulit kopi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna organik pada kertas daur ulang. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dan menganalisis dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Pada proses pembuatan kertas daur ulang akan ditambahkan pewarna alami dari hasil pengolahan limbah kulit ceri kopi. Penelitian ini menggunakan kulit ceri kopi jenis kopi robusta dan kopi arabika yang populer di Indonesia. Komposisi pewarna pada kertas daur ulang bervariasi untuk menguji hasil warna dari setiap perlakuan eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa limbah kulit kopi sukses digunakan sebagai pewarna organik pada kertas daur ulang. Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan alternatif praktis bagi industri UMKM untuk memanfaatkan limbah kulit kopi sebagai pewarna alami yang ramah lingkungan.

Abstract. Froyonion’s Youtube channel is “Content But You Can Try”. This content is about an experiment in which Froyonion invites men and women from different work backgrounds to try things for the first time. Creative team strategy in producing. This research uses an approach known as a qualitative approach. Creswell defines present qualitative research as words capable of describing complexity and examining the words in it, providing detailed views of respondents, and conducting surveys with the situation as it is. Strategy is the initial stage for an organization or agency in which there are various steps or stages that are useful for achieving the goals that have been set. Froyonion's video content is produced by a creative team of six people. Next, the creative strategy used by the Froyonion creative team in producing the episode "But You Can Try" includes: Generating ideas, Researching Facts, Making concepts, and When producing content "But You Can Try," there are four stages carried out by the Froyonion creative team, including: 1. Generating Ideas: There are two steps in finding creative ideas, namely: growing because of a comfortable environment and place, 2. Researching facts and data: Froyonion will conduct an in-depth study, 3. Create Concepts: The Froyonion team will produce content according to what is previously planned, 4. Accompanying Production Implementation: Done by ripening. Abstrak. Channel Youtube Froyonion yaitu “Konten Tapi Boleh Dicoba”. Konten ini mengangkat tentang experiment yang dimana Froyonion mengajak pria dan wanita dari berbagai latar pekerjaan yang berbeda – beda untuk mencoba hal untuk pertama kalinya. Bagaimana Strategi tim kreatif dalam memproduksi konten youtube Froyonion “Tapi Boleh Dicoba.” Tujuan Penelitian, adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui Strategi tim kreatif dalam memproduksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yang dikenal dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Creswell mendefinisikan penelitian kualitatif hadir sebagai kata-kata yang mampu menggambarkan kompleksitas dan meneliti kata-kata di dalamnya, memberikan pandangan rinci dari responden, serta melakukan survei dengan situasi yang apa adanya. Strategi merupakan tahapan awal bagi suatu organisasi maupun instansi yang di dalamnya memiliki berbagai langkah atau tahapan yang berguna untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Konten video Froyonion diproduksi oleh tim kreatif sebanyak enam orang . Berikutnya, strategi kreatif yang digunakan tim kreatif Froyonion dalam memproduksi episode “Tapi Boleh Dicoba” meliputi: Membuat ide, Meriset Fakta, Membuat konsep, dan Saat memproduksi konten “Tapi Boleh Dicoba,” terdapat empat tahap yang dilakukan tim kreatif Froyonion, antara lain: 1. Membuat Ide: Terdapat dua langkah dalam mencari ide kreatif, yaitu: tumbuh karena lingkungan dan tempat yang nyaman, 2.Meriset fakta dan data: Froyonion akan melakukan kajian mendalam, 3.Membuat Konsep: Tim Froyonion akan memproduksi konten sesuai dengan apa yang direncanakan sebelumnya, 4.Mendampingi Pelaksanaan Produksi: Dilakukan dengan cara mematangkan.

Desa Ciburial Kecamatan Cimeyan Kabupaten Bandung merupakan salah satu desa yang mendapatkan predikat desa digital serta desa wisata. Pemberian predikat desa digital tersebut tidak terlepas dari pencapaian Desa Ciburial yang mampu mengelola media digital dalam bentuk website hingga media sosial. Namun kompetensi yang dimiliki belum selaras dengan keahlian dan keterampilan digital dalam pengelolaan konten media sosial. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengeksplorasi dan membuat model penerapan kompetensi dan keterampilan literasi digital yang dimiliki aparatur pemerintah Desa Ciburial dari aspek keterampilan digital komunikasi, digital kreasi konten, dan strategi digital. Metode penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi non partisipan, wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion, studi literatur buku, jurnal serta pencarian internet. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah model Miles dan Huberman serta triangulasi data dilakukan dengan triangualasi data, sumber dan waktu sebagai teknik keabsahan data. Keterampilan digital komunikasi terdiri dari keterampilan menggunakan perangkat keras teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, perangkat lunak, internet, media sosial, netiket, dan menyajikan berita sebagai solusi keresahan di masyarakat. Keterampilan digital kreasi konten terdiri dari penerapan 5W+1H pada konten, meriset lapangan untuk konten, penguasaan kerja tim, menguasai teknik dasar pembuatan konten, keterlibatan followers sebagai sumber referensi informasi. Keterampilan strategi digital adalah membuka ruang komunikasi, mengembangkan konten multiplatform, promosi desa, dan konten komersial.

Melihat penurunan ekspor teh di Indonesia semakin menurun, pemerintah mengharapkan melakukan pembinaan terhadap UMKM yang ingin mengekspor produk teh mereka ke luar negeri. Salah satu UMKM yang berpotensial di wilayah Jawa Barat untuk industri olahan teh adalah perusahaan CV Mekar. Namun, CV Mekar belum mengekspor produknya. Hal tersebut diduga oleh FTA Center karena memiliki permasalahan pada rancangan pemasaran mereka. Penelitian dilaksanakan di CV Mekar menggunakan metode fishbone analysis, metode tersebut dibantu dengan observasi dan wawancara yang telah dilakukan di CV Mekar dengan manajer perusahaan dan pemilik CV Mekar dapat diketahui beberapa permasalahan pada proses pemasaran untuk mengekspor produk mereka. Pada fishbone analysis ini menggunakan segmenting, targeting, positioning dan product, place, promotion, price analysis CV Mekar memiliki permasalahan yaitu perusahaan belum menargetkan gaya hidup sehat, target umur terbatas, perusahaan tidak berencana untuk mengekspor produk ke negara yang berpotensial. Belum bisa membedakan produknya dibandingkan dengan kompetitor lainnya. Bermasalah pada packaging, harga dan kebingungan memilih lokasi, mereka juga belum mempromosikan dan memanfaatkan media sosial Sehingga, perusahaan dapat mendaftar website yang sudah dibuatkan oleh pemerintah dan berkonsultasi dengan pihak professional, memanfaatkan media sosial, memperhitungkan biaya ekspor secara mandiri, meriset kebutuhan konsumen, sehingga mereka mengikuti preferensi konsumen, agar dapat mengekspor produknya dan jauh dikenal oleh negara-negara yang berpotensial.

Tujuan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini adalah untuk memenuhi salah satu Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi sebagai bentuk inovasi kepada masyarakat serta menyumbang kontribusi kepada pengembangan serta penerapan keilmuan di tengah masyarakat. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan meriset kebutuhan masyarakat dalam meningkatkan produktifitas ekonomi serta kegiatan berwirausaha selama masa pandemi SARS-CoV-2 di Wilayah Kompleks Sukamanah Residence, Rajeg, Tangerang. Permasalahan yang ada dan masih berlanjut salah satunya yaitu masih kurangnya permodalan usaha warga dalam Program Ekonomi Kreatif, dimana usaha berfokus pada pembenihan perikanan emang Lele, serta bagaimana kiat manajemen wirausaha dalam pengelolaan usaha ekonomi kreatif tersebut. Selain itu para warga usia produktif, anak-anak sekolah dasar sampai dengan SMA membutuhkan pelatihan dasar Kepemimpinan, meningkatkan produktifitas ditengah era pembelajaran serba daring dan meminimalisasi dampak negatif penggunaan smartphone untuk hal-hal yang tidak bermanfaat. Solusi yang diberikan terhadap Permasalahan Mitra yakni Warga Sukamanah Residence, yang merupakan warga mulai dari golongan anak-anak sampai dengan dewasa berusia produktif, diberikan bantuan berupa penyuluhan bertema kiat-kiat manajemen usaha tergolong baru, melalui disiplin ilmu kewirausahaan, manajemen keuangan sederhana serta hingga tata kelola organisasi sosial kemasyarakatan. Selain itu, kegiatan ini membantu mereka untuk melakukan kegiatan kemitraan melalui permodalan usaha kreatif pengembangan pembenihan perikanan emang lele. Kami selaku Dosen Manajemen memiliki target dalam kegiatan ini untuk membantu kemitraan warga Sukamanah Residence meningkatkan kegiatan ekonomi kreatif di daerahnya, sehingga mereka bisa meningkatkan penghasilan dan mencukupi kebutuhannya.

Models that describe bipolar resistive switching in planar microstructures based on oxide compounds (Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x, Nd2-xCexCuO4-y) and bismuth selenide are considered. Metal-isolator-metal planar-type meristor heterostructures were investigated, in which the micro-size is formed by an electrode whose diameter is much smaller than the total size of the structure (it can be both Chervinsky-type microjunctions and film electric electrodes). Another important feature of these heterostructures is the presence of a surface layer several tens of nanometers thick with specific conductivity significantly reduced relative to volume. The change in the resistive properties of such heterostructures is caused by the formation or destruction of the conductive channel through the above-mentioned layer. Numerical simulation has shown that the bipolar resistive switching is significantly influenced by the electrical field distribution topology. A “critical field” model is proposed to describe experimentally observed memristor effects in investigated heterostructures. In this model it is assumed that the change in specific conductivity occurs in those parts of the surface layer where the electric field strength exceeds some critical value. The model of the “critical field” is based on the numerical calculation of the distribution of electrical potential on the distribution of specific conductivity in the structure. In addition, the model allowing to analyze the influence of electrodiffusion of oxygen ions on resistive switching in heterostructures based on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x is considered. At numerical realization of the models a combination of the integro-differential approximation of the differential equations, the multi-grid approach for localization of heterogeneities of physical characteristics, the iterative decomposition method and composite adaptive meshes was used. It allowed tracking the processes under investigation with necessary accuracy. The comparison of simulation results with experimental data is presented.

Film dapat mengangkat citra sebuah tujuan wisata tempat pembuatan film tersebut. Pendapatan daerah tempat tersebut menjadi meningkat. Contoh dari film laskar pelangi (2008) dari film tersebut kita juga bisa melihat paronama dari pantai Tanjung di pulau Belitung. Kemudian ada juga film di tahun 2016 masih dari film Indonesia yaitu film ada apa dengan cinta yang mengambil lokasi syuting di kota Yogyakarta seperti Ada Apa Dengan Cinta 2? film yang dapat meningkatkan kunjungan wisata dan devisa pendapatan kota Yogyakarta. Terdapat Film lain yang dapat meningkatkan devisa pendapatan daerah tetapi dengan format film animasi di tahun 2017. Film tersebut tidak lain berjudul “Coco” film animasi karya produksi Disney dan Pixar yang mengangkat salah satu tempat di negara Mexico ini berhasil merajai Box Office di Amerika Serikat dan beberapa negara di dunia. Coco yang dirilis tahun 2017 ini banyak mendapatkan pujian dari kritikus film, film iniberhasil mengumpulkan keuntungan yang fantastis. Kehebatan new media dengan segala sisi interaktifnya dan fungsi konvergensinya terus berkembang. Banyak media yang membentuk destinasi pariwisata melalui media komunikasi seperti film, iklan, buku, televisi, media online dan lain sebagainya. Menarik untuk dikaji dan dianalisa sebuah film animasi seperti COCO ini, bagaimana sebuah film menjadi medium komunikasi yang cukup efektif dalam peningkatan destinasi wisata. Dengan studi pendekatan Kuantitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis isi, yaitu metode yang digunakan untuk meriset atau menganalisis isi komunikasi secara sistematik, objektif dan kuantitatif. Analisis isi kuantitatif lebih memfokuskan pada isi komunikasi yang tampak (tersurat/manifest/nyata). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Film COCO memberikan pesan komunikasi pariwisata khususnya di kategorial Budaya dan Adat Istiadat yang tergambar cukup jelas dan detil pada plot hingga setting dalam filmnya.

Tujuan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini adalah untuk memenuhi salah satu Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi sebagai bentuk inovasi kepada masyarakat serta menyumbang kontribusi kepada pengembangan serta penerapan keilmuan di tengah masyarakat. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan meriset kebutuhan masyarakat akan kebersihan khususnya di masa pandemi SARS-CoV-2 di Wilayah lingkungan kompleks Vila Dago, Cluster Parangtritis, Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan. Sosialisasi protokol hidup sehat dan bersih dengan mencuci tangan dan menjaga jarak adalah salah satu cara untuk menghindari virus SARS-CoV-2. Kegiatan ini masih terus diupayakan agar masyarakat paham betapa pentingnya menjaga kesehatan. Selain mencuci tangan, penggunaan Hand-sanitizer sebagai alternatif membersihkan tangan juga marak dilakukan. Umumnya, Handsanitizer yang digunakan adalah gel atau cair dalam botol 250ml atau 500ml yang dapat di pompa dengan menggunakan tangan. Penggunaan pompa tangan tersebut yang menjadi masalah, Karena khawatir dapat memindahkan virus atau bakteri, untuk itu dilakukan suatu inovasi baru pemanfaatan dispenser sebagai media yang terjamin higienisnya. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang diperoleh adalah instrument atau alat berupa Hand Sanitizer Dispenser (HSD) yang diaplikasikan secara menyebar disetiap tempat strategis di wilayah kompleks Vila Dago, Cluster Paragntritis, Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan. Dibuatkan dispenser untuk mengeluarkan cairan hand sanitizer tanpa menggunakan tangan dan cukup menekan dengan kaki, dengan tujuan agar pengguna lebih merasa aman dari penyebaran virus SARS-CoV-2. Sasaran pemberian Handfree Sanitizer Dispenser ini akan diberikan kepada warga pemukiman dengan mobilitas warga yang cukup tinggi pada Perumahan Villa Dago, Parangtritis, Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan. Ilmu yang diperoleh pada Pengabdian Masyarakat kali ini diharapkan mampu memberikan semangat khususnya bagi para dosen maupun civitas akademika Universitas Pamulang lainnya dalam memberikan penyuluhan materi serta praktek yang memiliki nilai ekonomis maupun manfaat strategis, serta motivasi serta berkontribusi bagi khalayak masyarakat di dalam maupun luar lingkungan kampus Universitas Pamulang.

In today’s era, development always runs everyday, wherever and whenever. PT. ACON Indonesia is a manufacture company engaged in lightweight bricks. PT. ACON Indonesia need sales marketing to handle its customers. sales marketing PT. ACON Indonesia needs a communication strategy in negotiating light bricks with customers. The purpose of this study is to determine the communication strategy used by sales marketing PT. ACON Indonesia in negotiating and to fing out the obstacles to sales marketing. Researchers use qualitative methods by observation, interviews, literature studies, and documentation studies. The result of this study use several theories, namely Interpersonal Communication, Negotiation, Strategic Planning Communcation, Marketing Communication, and sales marketing. The research results show that the sales marketing of PT. ACON Indonesia will study of product, understand the needs of the target audience or customers, research the market, serve customers well and utilize Whatsapp (communication application) and Tokopedia (digital transaction platform) as a strategy to negotiate with customers. Di era sekarang pembangunan selalu berjalan setiap harinya, dimanapun dan kapanpun. PT. ACON Indonesia merupakan perusahaan manufaktur yang bergerak di bidang bata ringan. PT. ACON Indonesia membutuhkan sales marketing untuk menangani pelanggan nya. sales marketing PT. ACON Indonesia membutuhkan strategi komunikasi dalam melakukan negosiasi bata ringan kepada pelanggan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi komunikasi yang digunakan sales marketing PT. ACON Indonesia dalam proses negosiasi dan untuk mengidentifikasi kendala-kendala dalam pemasaran penjualan. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan cara observasi, wawancara, studi kepustakaan, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa teori yaitu Komunikasi Interpersonal, Negosiasi, Strategi Perencanaan, Komunikasi Pemasaran dan sales marketing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sales marketing PT. ACON Indonesia akan mempelajari produk, memahami kebutuhan target audiens atau pelanggan, meriset pasar, melayani pelanggan dengan baik dan memanfaatkan Whatsapp (aplikasi komunikasi) dan Tokopedia (platform transaksi digital) sebagai strategi yang dilakukan untuk bernegosiasi dengan pelanggan.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak daun katuk, minyak ikan lemuru dan vitamin E sebagai feed suplement terhadap komposisi asam lemak dan asam amino daging broiler. Seratus sembilan puluh lima ekor ayam broiler didistribusikan menjadi 13 kelompok perlakuan yaitu : P0 : Pakan mengandung feed suplement komersial (pakan kontol). P1: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 1% minyak ikan lemuru. P2: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 1% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P3: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 2% minyak ikan lemuru. P4: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 2% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P5: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 3% minyak ikan lemuru. P6: 9 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 3% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P7: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 1% minyak ikan lemuru. P8: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 1% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P9: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 2% minyak ikan lemuru. P10: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 2% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. P11: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 3% minyak ikan lemuru. P12: 18 g/kg ekstrak daun katuk (EDK) + 3% minyak ikan lemuru + 60 mg vit E. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 13 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 ekor ayam broiler, jumlah ayam dalam penelitian sebanyak 195 ekor. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis sesuai rancangan yang digunakan (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dan Uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) untuk menguji perbedaan pengaruh perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan ekstrak daun katuk, minyak ikan lemuru dan vitamin E sangat nyata (P < 0.01) meningkatkan EPA, DHA, asam palmitat, dan asam stearat tetapi menurunkan asam meristat, linolenat. Terhadap komposisi asam amino daging broiler meningkatkan asam glutamat, serin, glisin, valin dan leusin.Kata kunci: Daun katuk, minyak ikan lemuru, asam lemak, asam amino, broiler

Mitra dalam Pemberdayaan Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah Pemerintah Desa Sindangheula, pengelola BUMDes “Sindangkarya” dan pelaku UMKM Sapu sebagai unit usaha BUMDes “Sindangkarya”. Tujuan PKM ini adalah (1), Peningkatan produktivitas melalui perbaikan proses produksi; (2) Pendampingan pemrosesan permohonan perolehan merk dagang; (3) Peningkatan volume penjualan melalui pengelolaan website; (4) Pelatihan dan pendampingan pemilihan dan pemilahan bahan baku kualitas; dan (5) Meriset metode pemotongan lidi dan ijuk agar diperoleh metode dan teknologi pemotongan yang optimal untuk menunjang proses produksi. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut tim pengabdi menyusun rencana kegiatan yang meliputi 4 (empat) tahap, yaitu tahap 1 analisis situasi dan kondisi mitra, tahap 2 persiapan dan transfer Ipteks, tahap 3 pelatihan dan pendampingan dan tahap 4 evaluasi dan keberlanjutan program. Dengan menggunakan metode kronologis, pelaksanaan kegiatan ini menghasilkan peningkatan produktivitas dari penggunaan mesin pemotong lidi pada proses produksi, peningkatan volume penjualan dari penggunaan website sebagai media pemasaran online The partners in Community Partnership Empowerment (PKM) are the Sindangheula Village Government, the management of the BUMDes "Sindangkarya" and the Sapu MSME actors as the BUMDes "Sindangkarya" business unit. The objectives of this PKM are (1), Increasing productivity through improving the production process; (2) Assistance in processing applications for obtaining trademarks; (3) Increasing sales volume through website management; (4) Training and assistance in selecting and sorting quality raw materials; and (5) Researching methods for cutting sticks and fibers in order to obtain optimal cutting methods and technology to support the production process. To achieve this goal, the service team prepared an activity plan which included 4 (four) stages, namely stage 1 analysis of the partner's situation and condition, stage 2 of preparation and transfer of science and technology, stage 3 of training and mentoring and stage 4 of program evaluation and sustainability. By using the chronological method, the implementation of this activity resulted in an increase in productivity from the use of stick-cutting machines in the production process, an increase in sales volume from the use of the website as an online marketing medium

Abstract Polo Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) is only expressed in dividing cells and plays a critical role in several stages of mitosis. PLK1 is overexpressed in many tumor types. PLK1 inhibition selectively kills cancer cells because they are dependent on the mitotic functions of PLK1. PLK1 consists of a highly conserved N-terminal catalytic kinase domain and a unique, functionally essential C-terminal Polo Box Domain (PBD). The PBD is a phospho-peptide binding motif that determines substrate recognition and sub-cellular localization. PLK1 catalytic inhibitors have advanced to clinical trials but not demonstrated convincing efficacy. Targeting the PBD offers an attractive alternative to pursue PLK1 inhibition. An iterative strategy called REPLACE, involving computational and synthetic approaches, was utilized to generate fragment-ligated inhibitory peptides and further application of REPLACE resulted in non-peptidic compounds named abbapolins. In recently published studies, abbapolins were found to specifically bind to the PBD of PLK1 in biochemical and cellular assays. The phosphorylation of TCTP, a specific PLK1 substrate, was measured in abbapolin treated cancer cells. Abbapolins produced a dose dependent reduction in p-TCTP. We also made a novel observation that abbapolins upon binding to PLK1 induced its intracellular loss in a mechanism at least partially dependent on the proteasome. Spurred on by this unique mechanism of action, we initiated studies on the interactions of catalytic inhibitors and PBD-binding abbapolins with PLK1 in vitro and in cellular contexts. Biochemical assays were performed with full length PLK1 in vitro and intracellular PLK1 binding was measured by a Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA). We report novel findings during mitosis inferred from our collective data, namely that catalytic binding by BI2536 or volasertib unexpectedly decreased soluble PLK1 as determined by CETSA, inferring induction of a conformational change in intracellular PLK1. In contrast, abbapolins produced the expected right shift in the melting curve of PLK1. Intriguingly, these differential effects on PLK1 thermal stability have opposing impacts on the fate of intracellular PLK1. Binding by catalytic inhibitors cause accumulation of PLK1, whereas PBD binding by abbapolins ultimately lead to its loss. Results from quantifying intracellular PLK1 were also supported in vitro by evidence of cooperative binding between catalytic inhibitors and abbapolins in the context of the FL protein and suggest that conformational changes induced by binding to the catalytic site increase affinity of abbapolins for the PDB. Collectively, the results shed further insight into the unique mechanism of action for abbapolins potentially due to their engagement of a cryptic hydrophobic pocket of the PBD. Abbapolins are thus a compelling alternative to catalytic-based inhibitors for the development of novel therapeutics targeting PLK1. Citation Format: Danda Chapagai, Merissa Baxter, Sandra Craig, Guru Ramamoorthy, Jessy Stafford, Sikirzhytski Vitali, Elmar Nurmemmedov, Campbell McInnes, Michael D. Wyatt. A novel strategy for PLK1 kinase inhibition by allosterically targeting the Polo Box Domain [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2572.

AbstrakSejak Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) dibentuk, masih banyak perusahaan yang salah menafsirkan ketentuan yang mengatur kewajiban pemberitahuan akuisisi kepada KPPU, sehingga mengakibatkan mereka dikenakan denda yang nominalnya tidak sedikit. Dalam menjatuhkan besaran denda, KPPU sebenarnya telah memiliki pedoman agar denda yang dijatuhkan tidak menimbulkan ketidakadilan, namun sepanjang KPPU mengadili perkara semacam ini hingga saat ini, masih banyak perusahaan yang mengajukan permohonan keberatan atas denda yang KPPU jatuhkan. Salah satu perkara yang menarik untuk diteliti ialah Perkara No.02/KPPU-M/2019. Hal ini menarik, karena sepanjang perusahaan tersebut telah melakukan akuisisi dan tidak mendapatkan keuntungan ekonomi, namun denda yang dijatuhkan kepadanya merupakan denda tertinggi yang pernah dijatuhkan KPPU kepada pelaku–pelaku usaha yang mengalami perkara serupa. Ditambah dalam perkara tersebut, KPPU telah mengakui bahwasanya tidak ada hal–hal yang memberatkan melainkan hanya ada hal–hal yang meringankan bagi perusahaan tersebut. Sebab itu penelitian ini akan meriset bagaimana pertimbangan KPPU dalam menjatuhkan denda dan apakah terhadap perkara ini KPPU telah patuh terhadap pedoman dalam menjatuhkan denda. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mengambil data yang bersifat primer, sekunder dan tersier lalu mengolahnya dengan analisa kualitatif, yaitu suatu analisa data yang digunakan untuk aspek - aspek normatif (yuridis) melalui metode yang bersifat deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwasanya KPPU telah tidak sesuai dengan pedoman yang ada dan telah menimbulkan ketidakadilan bagi perusahaan tersebut. Kata kunci: Akuisisi, Pertimbangan, Denda, Perusahaan, KPPU. AbstractSince the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) was formed, there are still many companies that have misinterpreted the provisions governing the obligation to notify the KPPU of acquisitions, resulting in them being subject to fines that are not small in amount. In imposing the amount of the fine, KPPU actually has guidelines so that the fine imposed does not cause injustice, but as long as KPPU is adjudicating this kind of case up to now, there are still many companies that have filed objections to the fine imposed by KPPU. One of the interesting cases to be investigated is Case No. 02/KPPU-M/2019. This is interesting, because as long as the company has made an acquisition and has not received any economic benefits, the fine imposed on him is the highest fine ever imposed by the KPPU on business actors experiencing similar cases. In addition to this case, KPPU has acknowledged that there are no aggravating things, but only mitigating things for the company. Therefore, this study will research how the KPPU's considerations in imposing fines and whether in this case the KPPU has complied with the guidelines in imposing fines. In this study, the authors took primary, secondary and tertiary data and then processed them with qualitative analysis, namely an analysis of data used for normative (juridical) aspects through descriptive analysis methods. The results of the research prove that KPPU has not complied with the existing guidelines and has caused injustice to the company. Keywords: Acquisition, Consideration, Fines, Company, KPPU.

Abstract Mutational activation of the KRAS proto-oncogene is the initiating mutational event in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and ~90% of patients harbor KRAS mutations. PDAC is marred by a 12% five-year overall survival rate, and developing effective therapeutic strategies remains a priority. Accumulating evidence suggests that all KRAS mutations are not created equal. While the KRASG12R mutation is rare in lung and colorectal cancers (&lt;1%), it is the third most common KRAS mutation in PDAC, accounting for approximately 20% of all cases. However, KRASG12R cannot interact with the lipid kinase PI3Ka, a well-characterized RAS effector necessary for KRAS-driven tumorigenesis. Previous studies in mice models of cancer have demonstrated that ablation of the KRAS:PI3Ka interaction limits tumorigenesis. Despite the inability of KRASG12R to activate PI3Ka directly, AKT signaling is robustly activated in KRASG12R-mutant PDAC. The mechanisms that allow the KRASG12R mutant to overcome the inability to activate PI3K and promote PDAC are unclear. We recently developed a Ptf1a-CREERT2;KrasLSL-G12R genetically engineered mouse model to study KRASG12R in an in vivo context. This model does not develop pancreas lesions or tumors. We have uncovered two unique characteristics of human PDAC that we hypothesize allows for the KRASG12R mutation to produce tumors only in human pancreatic tissue. First, we have found that all four PI3K isoforms are overexpressed in human PDAC, and the PI3Kd and PI3Kg isoforms are specifically upregulated in KRASG12R-mutant PDAC. Second, PTEN is oxidized in PDAC. PTEN oxidation results in an intramolecular disulfide bond, which inhibits the phosphatase activity of PTEN and leads to hyperactivated PI3K signaling. Critically, mouse pancreas tissue only expresses the PI3Ka/b isoforms and PTEN is in the reduced state, demonstrating two significant differences between mouse models and human disease. Additionally, we have determined that PTEN becomes fully oxidized in nutrient-restricted medium (low glucose/glutamine), a common strategy employed to mimic the pancreatic tumor microenvironment in cell culture. Using PTEN oxidation-resistant variants, we demonstrate that KRASG12R-mutant PDAC cell lines are reliant on oxidized (inactivated) PTEN for proliferation. To confirm that PTEN inactivation can aid KRASG12R-mediated tumorigenesis in mouse models, we generated at KrasG12R/+;Ptenfl/fl genetically engineered mouse model, and the results of this model will be presented herein. Thus, our data demonstrate that increased PI3K isoform expression, coupled with PTEN oxidation, creates a unique environment that allows KRASG12R to initiate and promote pancreatic tumorigenesis. As PTEN oxidation overcomes the need for KRAS to activate PI3K signaling in PDAC, these results indicate that directly targeting KRAS alone will be insufficient at reducing tumor growth in humans and clinically successful therapeutic strategies will have to develop alternative methods to reduce PI3K signaling in addition to directly targeting KRAS activity. Citation Format: Kamala Sundararaj, Rachel Burge, Samaneh Saberikashani, Lucas Bialousow, Amanda Linke, Merissa Smith, Michael C. Ostrowski, John P. O'Bryan, G. Aaron Hobbs. KRAS mutant-specific interactions reveal mechanisms in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and metabolic function [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PR11.

AbstractMetal nanoparticles (MNPs) and metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are used in numerous fields. The new nano-based entities are being strongly generated and incorporated into everyday personal care products, cosmetics, medicines, drug delivery, and clothing to impact industrial and manufacturing sectors, which means that nanomaterials commercialization and nano-assisted device will continuously grow. They can be prepared by many methods such as green synthesis and the conventional chemical synthesis methods. Green synthesis includes infinite accession to produce MNPs and MONPs with demanding properties. The structure–function relationships between nanomaterials and key information for life cycle evaluation lead to the production of high execution nanoscale materials that are gentle and environmentally friendly. Majority of plants have features as sustainable and renewable suppliers compared with microbes and enzymes, as they have the ability to pick up almost 75% of the light energy and transform it into chemical energy, contain chemicals like antioxidants and sugars, and play fundamental roles in the manufacture of nanoparticles. Plants considered the main factory for the green synthesis of MNPs and MONPs, and until now, different plant species have been used to study this, but the determined conditions should be taken into consideration to execute this preparation. In this study, we focus on the biosynthesis procedures to synthesize MNPs and MONPs, including comparison between green synthesis and the classical chemistry methods as well as the several new orientation of green synthesis of nanoparticles from different plant parts, especially plant leaf extracts. Plants with reducing compounds is the preferred choice for the synthesis of noble metals – metal ions can be reduced to the corresponding metals in the absence of any other chemicals under microwave irradiation conditions using benign solvent, water. Noble metals such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd) and other metals such as copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), which are characterized by their optical, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, and chemical properties, leading to different technological applications. Plants with numerous reducing agents are suitable candidates for the manufacture of noble MNPs. The main purpose of this research is to give a background on green nanotechnology prospective evolution, pertinent concerns appeared related to the green synthesis of metal and metal oxide from plant extracts, nanoparticle formation mechanism, and the importance of flavonoids, vitamin B2, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and phenolic compounds in the MNP and MONP production. The traditional sorghum beers are produced in many countries in Africa, but diversity in the production process may depend on the geographic localization. These beers are very rich in calories; B-group vitamins including thiamine, folic acid, riboflavin, and nicotinic acid; and essential amino acids such as lysine. However, the Western beers are more attractive than the traditional sorghum beers. The traditional sorghum beers have poor hygienic quality, organoleptic variations, and shorter shelf life compared with the Western beers. Many research studies on traditional sorghum beers have been carried out and documented in several African countries, especially the microbiological and biochemical properties, the technologies used in the manufacture processes, and synthetic characteristics of African traditional sorghum beers (ikigage, merissa, doro, dolo, pito, amgba, and tchoukoutou). The excellent resources for the production of greener biomaterials are plants and considerable advances have been achieved in many fields such as biotechnology and gene transfer. The manufactured biological nanomaterials have a great application in the pharmaceutical industry such as novel pharmaceuticals preparation, drug delivery personification procedures, and production of functional nanodevices.

Abstract Introduction: Post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) is an important adjuvant treatment in patients with locally advanced breast cancer, shown to decrease the rate of locoregional recurrence and improve overall survival. Autologous breast reconstruction is the standard-of-care in patients who require PMRT. However, there is no clear superior approach regarding the optimal timing of reconstruction in these patients. Our goal was to compare outcomes between patients who underwent autologous reconstruction either before or after undergoing PMRT. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent all stages of mastectomy, autologous reconstruction, and PMRT at UCSF between 2015 and 2021. Clinical and surgical characteristics and complications were collected and assessed. We then matched these patients by age, BMI and autologous reconstruction type to a cohort of patients who underwent both mastectomy and autologous reconstruction at UCSF who did not require PMRT. Groups were compared by both timing of and receipt of radiation. Results: Nineteen patients underwent mastectomy, autologous reconstruction, and PMRT at UCSF between 2015 and 2021. Thirteen of these patients underwent reconstruction after receiving PMRT, while six of these patients underwent reconstruction followed by PMRT. These nineteen patients were matched by age, BMI and flap type to a cohort of 19 patients who underwent mastectomy and autologous reconstruction at UCSF. The cumulative early complication rate was 16% in the radiated group and 21% in the non-radiated group. This included infection requiring IV antibiotics, hematoma, wound breakdown, mastectomy flap necrosis, and arterial or venous thrombosis [see Table 1 for breakdown by group]. No flap loss occurred in any group. Fat necrosis was observed in 16% of radiated patients and 11% of non-radiated patients. Revision rates were equal between the radiated and non-radiated groups at 58% (including currently planned revisions). There was no strong correlation between complication rate and either total radiation dose or time between radiation and reconstruction (r=-0.5 and r=-0.1). Discussion: Complication rates between all groups were similar. Notably, the only observed infections, both requiring admission and IV antibiotics, occurred in the pre-reconstruction PMRT group. Given the potential for tissue expander infection and increased number of outpatient visits, further investigation is warranted in immediate autologous reconstruction in those patients who require PMRT, not only to decrease the hospital and patient burden, but to improve patient satisfaction. Larger cohort studies are required to draw further conclusions on the effect of PMRT and timing of autologous reconstruction, and to investigate patient-reported outcomes. Table 1.Complication rate by groupComplicationRadiated. Pre-recon PMRT. Post-recon PMRTNon-radiatedCumulative early complications16%. 15%. 17%21%Infection11%. 16%. 0%0%Hematoma0%. 0%. 0%5%Wound breakdown11%. 8%. 17%5%Mastectomy flap necrosis5%. 0%. 17%11%Arterial or venous thrombosis0%. 0%. 0%5%Fat necrosis16%. 15%. 17%11%Revision58%. 62%. 50%58% Citation Format: Laura Barnes, Deborah Martins, Merisa Piper. Timing of post-mastectomy radiation therapy and autologous reconstruction outcomes: A retrospective review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-21-03.

The paper describes inherent optical properties (IOP) of the Berau coastal waters derived from in situ measurements and Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) satellite data. Field measurements of optical water, total suspended matter (TSM), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations were carried out during the dry season of 2007. During this periode, only four MERISdata were coincided with in situ measurements on 31 August 2007. The MERIS top-of-atmosphere radiances were atmospherically corrected using the MODTRAN radiative transfer model. The in situ optical measurement have been processed into apparent optical properties (AOP) and sub surface irradiance. The remote sensing reflectance of in situ measurement as well as MERIS data were inverted into the IOP using quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA). The result indicated that coefficient of determination (R 2) of backscattering coefficients of suspended particles (bbp) increased with increasing wavelength, however the R2 of absorption spectra of phytoplankton (aph) decreased with increasing wavelength.

. It was shown that incubation of a suspension of mouse peritoneal neutrophils for 30 minutes under hypomagnetic conditions obtained using permalloy magnetic screens (a constant magnetic field of not more than 20 nT, the level of variable man-made noise is reduced to a few nT) causes a significant decrease (about 48%) signal intensity of lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence measured immediately after incubation. 20 minutes after magnetic treatment (followed by incubation in a geomagnetic field during this time, induction 44 μT, the level of magnetic interference at a frequency of 50 Hz was 15-50 nT), the differences between the control and experimental groups remain completely (the difference was about 49%). In 40 and 60 minutes after exposure to the "zero" field, followed by keeping the samples in the geomagnetic field for the specified time intervals, the difference between the control and experimental samples decreased to 32% and 22%, respectively. This effect was registered without additional activation of neutrophils by chemical agents initiating respiratory burst, such as N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe formylated peptide or phorbol-12-meristat-13-acetate phorbol ester, and was not associated with effects on cellular systems, providing this explosion.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari perceraian orang tua yang mempengaruhi pola asuh dan motivasi belajar anak di SD Negeri Sidomulyo 01, Kec. Selorejo, Kab. Blitar, serta untuk mengetahui upaya penanganan dari peramasalahan yang dialami oleh anak tersebut. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dimana data dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pada tahap analisis data dengan menggunakan teknik meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi data dan membuat simpulan hasil. Pada hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sembilan anak di SD Negeri Sidomulyo 01, Kec. Selorejo, Kab. Blitar, yang mengalami permaslaahan terhadap perilaku dan motivasi belajarnya, peneliti mendapati uraian permaslahan yang dialami anak seperti tidak sopan terhadap lingkungan disekitarnya, sulitnya bersosialisasi dan sering kesulitan mengontrol emosinya, selain itu anak juga merasa bahwa hilangnya motivasi belajar, mengalami kesulitan untuk berkonsentrasi dan menurunnya nilai hasil akademik. Peneliti telah meriset bahwa sebagian besar faktor permaslahan yang dialami anak disebabkan oleh tekanan mental akibat dari perceraian kedua orang tua. Mengacu kepada klasifikasi permasalahan yang dialami oleh anak, peneliti mendapati upaya yang dilakukan guru dan orang tua guna mengatasi dan meminimalisir permsalahan tersebut. Adapun upaya yang diterapkan meliputi (1) Pendekatan dan membangun komunikasi terhdap siswa terdampak, (2) Memberi dukungan, (3) Memberi perhatian dan pengawasan, (4) Menjalin komunikasi antara guru dan orang tua (5) Membangun suasana belajar yang menarik, (6) Memberi pujian,nilai dan hadiah.

Penelitian tentang katalis heterogen berbasis CaO dari cangkang kepiting sebagai support yang dimodifikasi dengan K2CO3 dan TiO2 serta pemanfaatnnya untuk konversi minyak goreng bekas secara sinambung menjadi biodiesel telah dilakukan. CaO hasil preparasi dicampurkan dengan K2CO3 dan TiO2 dengan variasi rasio secara reaksi fasa padat. Katalis heterogen yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi luas permukaan spesifik BET dan rerata ukuran partikelnya dengan N2 gas sorption analyzer, keasaman dan kebasaan permukaannya dengan metode titrasi asam basa, serta kristalinitasnya dengan XRD. Katalis dengan karakteristik terbaik diuji aktivitas katalitiknya terhadap yield biodiesel dalam mengonversi minyak goreng bekas dan kandungannya dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik fisiko-kimia katalis optimum diperoleh pada CaO/K2O:TiO2 rasio massa 3:1. Uji aktivitas katalitik untuk konversi minyak goreng bekas menjadi biodiesel diperoleh yield 88,24%, lebih tinggi dari CaO/K2O (65,03%) dan CaO (64,09%). Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa komposisi biodiesel yang dominan adalah metil ester, yaitu metil laurat, metil meristat, metil palmitoleat, dan metil linoleat. Kata kunci: biodiesel, CaO/K2O:TiO2, katalis heterogen, karakteristik fisiko-kimia, minyak goreng bekas Research about heterogeneous catalyst prepared from CaO of crab shells as support modified with K2CO3 and TiO2 as well as its utilization for converting used cooking oil (UCO) into biodiesel simultaneously has been carried out. Prepared CaO was mixed with K2CO3 and TiO2 with various ratios by using solid state reaction. The BET spesific surface area and the mean particle size of the resulting heterogenous catalyst were characterized by N2 gas sorption analyzer, surface acidity and basicity by base-acid titration method, and crystallinity by XRD. The activity of the catalyst with the best characteristics for converting UCO into biodiesel yield was tested and the chemical contents were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the optimum physico-chemical characteristics of the heterogeneous catalyst was CaO/K2O:TiO2 with mass ratio of 3:1. The catalytic activity of the CaO/K2O/TiO2 catalyst in converting UCO into biodiesel was 88.24%, higher than CaO/K2O catalyst (65.03%) and CaO (64.09%). The results of GC-MS analysis indicated that the chemical contents of biodiesel were dominantly methyl esters, such as methyl laurate, methyl meristate, methyl palmitoleate, methyl palmitate, and methyl linoleate. Keywords: biodiesel, CaO/K2O:TiO2, heterogeneous catalyst, physico-chemical characteristics, used cooking oil

Abstract. Clo_id is a fashion business that prioritizes the best quality at affordable prices. With the presence of social media around the world, one of the media for developing social media is as a means of promotion. Clo_id products use promotional media, namely by using social media Instagram. On Instagram, it has 1.4 M and does not use followers or likers, there are comments from the comments column that can prove this. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the concept of Instagram social media content is carried out by Clo_id clothing products in attracting potential consumers. The purpose of this research is to find out how the concept of Instagram social media content is carried out by Clo_id products in attracting potential consumers. In this study, the researcher uses a qualitative method with a case study approach and uses the constructivism paradigm. Meanwhile, the data collection technique is by observation, interview and documentation. In this study, the research subjects were 2 key informants, namely CMO and Creative Team Clo_id who created content and 4 secondary informants. The results of this study are the concept of Instagram Clo_id's social media content, namely creating a trend now by combining 3 aspects, namely product, modern and accepted following current and future trends. Using the concept of content Determining the current trend is good or not by looking at the audience and then conceptualizing and being accepted by the audience in this way is very work. Barriers to social media promotion for Instagram Clo_Id, researching Instagram content and errors so they can't boost posts. Overcome obstacles in promotional competition on Instagram social media by making Clo_id clothing products quickly and releasing products quickly with content created by CMO Clo_id. Abstrak. Clo_id adalah sebuah bisnis fesyen yang mengedepankan kualitas terbaik dengan harga terjangkau.Dengan hadirnya media sosial diseluruh dunia salah satu media pengembangan media sosial adalah sebagai sarana promosi. Produk Clo_id menggunakan media promosi yaitu dengan menggunakan media sosial Instagram. Pada Instagram tersebut memiliki 1.4 M dan tidak memakai pembeli followers atau likers, terdapat dari kolom komentar yang bisa membuktikan hal tersebut. Rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini adalah bagaimana konsep konten media sosial Instagram yang dilakukan produk pakaian Clo_id dalam menarik minat calon konsumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsep konten media sosial Instagram yang dilakukan produk Clo_id dalam menarik minat calon konsumen. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode Kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan menggunakan paradigma Kontruktivisme. Sementara itu, teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini, subjek penelitian adalah 2 key Informant yaitu CMO dan Creative Team Clo_id yang membuat konten dan 4 informant sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini konsep konten media sosial Instagram Clo_id yaitu membuat trend sekarang dengan menggabungkan 3 aspek yaitu produk, modern dan diterima mengikuti trend sekarang serta dimasa yang akan datang. Menggunakan konsep konten tersebut Menentukan trend sekarang hasilnya bagus atau tidak dengan melihat pada audiens lalu membuat concepting dan diterima oleh audiens dengan cara tersebut sangat bekerja. Hambatan promosi media sosial Instagram Clo_Id, meriset konten dan error Instagram sehingga tidak dapat boost post. Menangani hambatan dalam persaingan promosi di media sosial Instagram dengan cara dengan membuat produk pakaian Clo_id cepat serta mengeluarkan produk pun juga cepat dengan konten yang dibuat oleh CMO Clo_id.

All we hear is radio gaga, radio googoo, radio blahblah Radio, what’s new? Radio, someone still loves you Queen, “Radio Gaga” Someone still loves radio—and more people are beginning to discover its online form, Webcasting, as an alternative to terrestrial radio stations. Online radio allows listeners to swap local radio fare for more exotic programming, turning everyday PCs into world receivers, and offers a large variety of special-interest Webcasts catering to very genre-specific tastes. (Spinner.com, one of the largest commercial Webcasters, offers some 175 channels from Abstract Beats to Zydeco, for example.) For independent music labels whose content would never be played on mainstream terrestrial radio, Webcasting has become a major source of exposure. Unlike filesharing, however, Webcasts remain largely ephemeral: no permanent copy of radio content can be created on the user’s computer unless authorised by the Webcaster, or unless users specifically seek out software like Streambox VCR which circumvents such restrictions. Yet in the U.S. the year 2002 saw a protracted battle for the future of webcasting, waged between the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and its royalty collection agency SoundExchange on one side, and a loose coalition of Webcasters on the other. Mirroring the sustained attack on filesharing services, the battle over Webcasting demonstrates once again the hardline position the RIAA has adopted in its dealings with new media music services. In the filesharing arena, we have seen the demise of early services such as Napster and their replacement with deliberately crippled, recording industry-run alternatives or more powerful underground services. In its approach to Webcasting, the RIAA similarly attempted to push through a solution that would have made Internet radio unaffordable to any but the major players in the industry. Its involvement in this fight provides a useful illustration of the shortcomings of the music industry’s strategy for dealing with new, Internet-based media. Casus Belli Prior to 2002, the battlelines had been drawn already. When the grandly named Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) became law in the U.S. in late October 1998, it introduced a requirement for royalties to be paid by online stations. Rates for such fees were to be determined according to a ‘willing buyer/willing seller’ model—in other words, they were expected to reflect what would be ‘standard’ fees in an established digital media market, as determined by an independent Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel (CARP). Once set, royalties dating back to the date of passage of the DMCA were then to be paid retroactively by Webcasters. While agreements over performing rights (royalties due to the authors of copyrighted material) resulted in a requirement for Webcasters to pay an average rate of around 3% of their annual revenue, no decision had yet been made about royalties for sound recordings (due to the actual performers of a specific piece) as late as 2001, raising fears of a significant backlog of accumulated fees for at least three years suddenly burdening an industry which had yet to prove its profitability. Some Webcasters even pre-emptively began pulling the plug on their channels (see e.g. Borland). The Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel (CARP) on Webcasting held its deliberations on a royalty fee structure during the second half of 2001, with submissions by the key parties. The RIAA demanded a payment of around 0.4¢ per song/ per listener. By contrast the Digital Media Association, on behalf of Webcasters, offered 0.14¢ per song/per hour (regardless of the number of listeners). The CARP recommendation markedly reduced the RIAA’s proposed fees, but retained the suggested per song/per listener royalty structure. Librarian of Congress James H. Billington rejected this recommendation but replaced it with a virtually identical model of 0.07¢ per song/per listener for commercial Webcasters, or about 18% of the original RIAA rate (Copyright Office). This still meant significant royalty fees for Webcasters: assuming an average of 10 songs per hour and 100 listeners per channel at any one time, Webcasters broadcasting only one channel, 24 hours a day, would have to pay around $6,100 per year (and this retroactively back to 1998), even though this small audience would be unlikely to generate any income. This fee punished stations for becoming moderately popular, as increasing average audience to 1000 would increase payable royalties to $61,000, while profit might still prove elusive. This was prohibitively expensive for smaller, start-up players, and contributed to a growing list of Webcasters switching off their streams in the belief that they had lost their fight for survival. By contrast U.S. terrestrial radio stations are exempt altogether from paying any royalties to the RIAA because their work is seen as providing a ‘promotional service’ to the music industry. Examining the RIAA Strategy and Its Motives Any negotiator worth their salt will make an opening offer aimed at maximising the eventual outcome of the negotiation, so the initial RIAA demand of 0.4¢ per song/per listener should perhaps be seen as ambitious. Nonetheless, the RIAA’s entire strategy in this conflict seemed geared more towards the terminal frustration of hopeful Webcaster aspirations. The strongest evidence to suggest that the RIAA never negotiated in good faith stems from June 2002 comments by erstwhile Broadcast.com founder Mark Cuban, who in 1999 was involved in negotiating a deal between his company (then newly acquired by Yahoo!) and the RIAA to set royalty rates for Broadcast.com streams. Cuban revealed that buyer and seller in this case were willing first and foremost to price out of the market any potential competition to Broadcast.com from smaller, start-up Webcast operators—this was the reason for choosing the per-song/per-listener fee structure over a percentage-of-revenue approach: I hated the [per-song/listener] price points and explained why they were too high. HOWEVER, … I, as Broadcast.com, didn’t want percent-of-revenue pricing. Why? Because it meant every “Tom, Dick, and Harry” webcaster could come in and undercut our pricing because we had revenue and they didn’t. … The Yahoo! deal I worked on, if it resembles the deal the CARP ruling was built on, was designed so that there would be less competition, and so that small webcasters who needed to live off of a “percentage-of-revenue” to survive, couldn’t. (qtd. in Maloney & Hanson) Therefore, the RIAA consciously presented to the CARP a pricing structure which was not representative of an agreement between willing buyer and seller, but rather an agreement designed to achieve specific objectives: to punish very small operators for becoming more popular, hence discouraging hobbyists from turning professional; make Webcasting unaffordable for independent, small to medium operations; open the market only to major players with significant revenue streams; encourage amalgamation of independent stations into larger networks, and incorporate networks into the bigger media organisations. Indeed, Levy cites the “testimony of an RIAA-backed economist who told the government fee panel [CARP] that a dramatic shakeout in Webcasting is ‘inevitable and desirable because it will bring about market consolidation’”—and ‘consolidation’ (thus excluding small business from the Webcasting market) was clearly the underlying motive of RIAA strategy during the fights of 2002. Reasons for such anti-competitive policies are speculative but the conduct suggests that it represents the interests of an oligopoly of major entertainment producers, defending their interests from independent and alternative upstarts emerging with the information age, whilst claiming to protect the entire music community from exploitation by digital media operators. For three years running music industry sales have been in decline, and “forecasts see sales sliding another six percent in 2003—a fall felt most by the big five music giants—Universal, Sony, Warner, EMI and BMG—which account for 70 percent of sales” (Warner & Marr). The transnationals have consistently attributed this decline to the impact of CD burning, filesharing and other Internet technologies for music transmission. Yet the RIAA was successful in shutting down Napster, and there are a host of other reasons for the downturn: There have been no major musical trends to emerge as major drivers of music sales since the advent of grunge in the early 1990s--“while record sales are dropping, they are also spreading into diverse genres” (Childress), Western economies have continued to skirt recession with a marked decrease in consumer spending, 15 years after the introduction of the CD medium, the initial waves of listeners replacing their vinyl records with CD re-releases and remasters (once a major source of income for labels) have subsided, CD prices remain high, even compared to DVD movie releases, and There is a growing backlash against the practices of an “industry founded on exploitation, oiled by deceit, riven with theft and fuelled by greed” (Fripp 9) and there are calls to boycott major labels altogether, and increased political scrutiny. Hence some observers have read the RIAA’s attacks on filesharing and Webcasts as the actions of an industry fighting for its own survival. Wired quotes former Billboard editor Timothy White as saying that 2003 “could determine whether the music business as we know it survives” (reported in Maloney, “Wired”), and this sentiment is echoed in other reports on the state of the music industry. Alternatively, analysts have noted “the industry released around 27,000 titles in 2001, down from a peak of 38,900 in 1999. Since year-on-year unit sales have dropped a mere 10.3 per cent, it’s clear that demand has held up extremely well: despite higher prices, consumers retain the CD buying habit” (Orlowski). Whether signs of an industry in decline or not, the RIAA’s uncompromising policies in its fight against unpoliced Internet music technologies have caused headaches amongst its own supporters. (A recent Wired article speaks of “civil war inside Sony” over such issues—see Rose.) The Time-Warner-Netscape-AOL conglomerate might find the benefits from its support of the RIAA will be negated by the new royalty fees required of Spinner.com in its new incarnation as ‘Radio@Netscape Plus’, or by the downturn in AOL Broadband’s ability to sign up customers as incentives such as access to filesharing and Web radio dry up. Postscript: Conflict Resolution in the Webcast Wars (?) Without significant policy shifts by the RIAA it has fallen to U.S. politicians to force an uneasy truce in the Webcast conflict. This intervention was prompted by dissatisfaction with the industry’s disregard for the stated aim of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act to cultivate not hinder business in new Internet technologies and the view that CARP had been tricked into accepting a flawed Yahoo!/RIAA deal as the basis for its fee structure recommendations. Following several attempts at legislation and emergency negotiations small Webcasters won a reprieve from the per song/per listener royalty structure which they had been threatened with, and will now pay a percentage of their revenue. This agreement is built on the “Small Webcaster Settlement Act,” which acknowledges that small Webcasters “have expressed their desire for a fee based on a percentage of revenue,” it rejects the CARP recommendations and the Librarian’s rulings as unsuitable for small operators, and instead requires the RIAA and small commercial Webcasters to develop their own structures in the spirit of this bill. While this solution generates division of the Webcast market into smaller and larger operators (and possibly makes the move from the first to the second group, who do pay per song/per listener royalties, all the more daunting), the new structure should be able to ensure its aim of protecting content diversity in Webcasting. That is until the industry finds a new battleground on which to engage Internet-based music technologies. Works Cited Borland, John. “Ad Disputes Tune Web Radio Out.” CNET News.com 11 April 2001. 9 Jan. 2003 <http://news.com.com/2100-1023-255673.htm...>. Childress, Donna J. “Boomers Key to Record Sales.” AARP: The Magazine Mar.-Apr. 2003. 12 Feb. 2003 <http://www.aarpmagazine.org/lifestyle/Ar...>. Copyright Office, Library of Congress, USA. “Summary of the Determination of the Librarian of Congress on Rates and Terms for Webcasting and Ephemeral Recordings.” 8 July. 2002. 9 Jan. 2003 <http://www.copyright.gov/carp/webcasting...>. Fripp, Robert. “Discipline Global Mobile: A Small, Mobile and Independent Record Company.” CD booklet. Space Groove. ProjeKct Two. Discipline Global Mobile, 1998. 9-10. Levy, Steven. “Labels to Net Radio: Die Now.” Newsweek 15 July 2002: 51. 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Warner, Bernhard, and Merissa Marr. “Battered Record Execs Set to Face the Music.” Reuters 17 Jan. 2003. 18 Jan. 2003 <http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml...> Links http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=musicNews&amp;amp;storyID=2065414 http://www.spinner.com/ http://www.boycott-riaa.com/ http://www.kurthanson.com/archive/news/010603/index.asp http://www.kurthanson.com/archive/news/010803/index.asp http://www.soundexchange.com/ http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/28588.html http://www.kurthanson.com/archive/news/062402/index.asp#story1 http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi- in/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_cong_bills&amp;amp;docid=f:h5469eas.txt.pdf http://www.kurthanson.com/archive/news/011303/index.asp#story2 http://www.kurthanson.com/archive/news/102802/index.asp http://www.aarpmagazine.org/lifestyle/Articles/a2003-01-08-recordsales http://www.broadcast.com/ http://www.kurthanson.com/archive/news/010703/index.asp http://www.kurthanson.com/silenced.asp http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2002-09-30-cd-settlement_x.htm http://www.riaa.org/ http://www.digmedia.org/ http://www.yahoo.com/ http://www.google.com/search?q=streambox+vcr&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;meta= http://radio.netscape.com/ http://www.kurthanson.com/archive/news/102902/index.asp http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.02/sony.html http://www.napster.com/ http://news.com.com/2100-1023-255673.html?legacy=cnet http://www.wired.com/ http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/06/14/love/ http://www.copyright.gov/carp/webcasting_rates_final.html Citation reference for this article Substitute your date of access for Dn Month Year etc... MLA Style Bruns, Axel. "Fight for Survival" M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 6.1 (2003). Dn Month Year < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0302/07-fightforsurvival.php>. APA Style Bruns, A., (2003, Feb 26). Fight for Survival. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture, 6,(1). Retrieved Month Dn, Year, from http://www.media-culture.org.au/0302/07-fightforsurvival.html