Tesis sobre el tema "Mécanismes de consensus distribués"
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Carvin, Denis. "Mécanismes de supervision distribuée pour les réseaux de communication dynamiques". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0025/document.
Texto completoWith the massive rise of wireless technologies, the number of mobile stations is constantly growing. Both their uses and their communication resources are diversified. By integrating our daily life objects, our communication networks become dynamic in terms of physical topology but also in term of resources. Furthermore, they give access to a richer information. As a result, the management task has become complex and requires shorter response time that a human administrator can not respect. It becomes necessary to develop an autonomic management behavior in next generation networks. In any manner, managing a system requires essential steps which are : its measurement and its supervision. Whatever the nature of a system, this stage of information gathering, allows its characterization and its control. The field of networks is not the exception to the rule and objects that compose them will need to acquire information on their environment for a better adaptation. In this thesis, we focus on the efficient sharing of this information, for self-analysis and distributed performance evaluation purposes. After having formalized the problem of the distributed measurement, we address in a first part the fusion and the diffusion of measures in dynamic graphs. We develop a new heuristic for the average consensus problem offering a better contraction rate than the ones of the state of the art. In a second part, we consider more stable topologies where TCP is used to convey measures. We offer a scheduling mechanism for TCP flows that guaranty the same impact on the network congestion, while reducing the average latency. Finally, we show how nodes can supervise various metrics such as the system performance based on their utilities and suggest a method to allow them to analyze the evolution of this performance
Solat, Siamak. "Novel fault-tolerant, self-configurable, scalable, secure, decentralized, and high-performance distributed database replication architecture using innovative sharding to enable the use of BFT consensus mechanisms in very large-scale networks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7025.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis consists of 6 Chapters. In the first Chapter, as an introduction, we provide an overview of the general goals and motives of decentralized and permissionless networks, as well as the obstacles they face. In the introduction, we also refer to the irrational and illogical solution, known as "permissioned blockchain" that has been proposed to improve the performance of networks similar to Bitcoin. This matter has been detailed in Chapter 5. In Chapter 2, we make clear and intelligible the systems that the proposed idea, Parallel Committees, is based on such networks. We detail the indispensable features and essential challenges in replication systems. Then in Chapter 3, we discuss in detail the low performance and scalability limitations of replication systems that use consensus mechanisms to process transactions, and how these issues can be improved using the sharding technique. We describe the most important challenges in the sharding of distributed replication systems, an approach that has already been implemented in several blockchain-based replication systems and although it has shown remarkable potential to improve performance and scalability, yet current sharding techniques have several significant scalability and security issues. We explain why most current sharding protocols use a random assignment approach for allocating and distributing nodes between shards due to security reasons. We also detail how a transaction is processed in a sharded replication system, based on current sharding protocols. We describe how a shared-ledger across shards imposes additional scalability limitations and security issues on the network and explain why cross-shard or inter-shard transactions are undesirable and more costly, due to the problems they cause, including atomicity failure and state transition challenges, along with a review of proposed solutions. We also review some of the most considerable recent works that utilize sharding techniques for replication systems. This part of the work has been published as a peer-reviewed book chapter in "Building Cybersecurity Applications with Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts" (Springer, 2023). In Chapter 4, we propose a novel sharding technique, Parallel Committees, supporting both processing and storage/state sharding, to improve the scalability and performance of distributed replication systems that use a consensus to process clients' requests. We introduce an innovative and novel approach of distributing nodes between shards, using a public key generation process that simultaneously mitigates Sybil attack and serves as a proof-of-work mechanism. Our approach effectively reduces undesirable cross-shard transactions that are more complex and costly to process than intra-shard transactions. The proposed idea has been published as peer-reviewed conference proceedings in the IEEE BCCA 2023. We then explain why we do not make use of a blockchain structure in the proposed idea, an issue that is discussed in great detail in Chapter 5. This clarification has been published in the Journal of Software (JSW), Volume 16, Number 3, May 2021. And, in the final Chapter of this thesis, Chapter 6, we summarize the important points and conclusions of this research
Fix, Jérémy. "Mécanismes numériques et distribués de l'anticipation motrice". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00336194.
Texto completoNous nous intéressons dans cette thèse à la modélisation de l'attention visuelle, avec ou sans mouvement oculaire. Pour guider le développement de nos modèles, nous proposons dans une première partie une revue de données psychologiques et physiologiques sur l'attention visuelle avant de proposer un modèle computationnel de l'attention visuelle sans saccade oculaire. Puis, nous nous intéressons dans une seconde partie à la manière dont on peut intégrer les saccades oculaires dans nos modèles en s'inspirant des données anatomiques et physiologiques sur le contrôle des saccades oculaires chez le primate. Les performances des différents mécanismes proposés sont évalués en simulation en les appliquant à des tâches de recherche visuelle.
Nos travaux de thèse permettent également d'étudier un paradigme de calcul original qui repose sur des calculs distribués, asynchrones, numériques et adaptatifs qui permettent d'envisager le déploiement des mécanismes proposés dans ce cadre sur des supports de calculs parallèles.
Fix, Jérémy. "Mécanismes numériques et distribués de l’anticipation motrice". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10052/document.
Texto completoThis thesis belongs to the computational neuroscience domain in which we aim at understanding complex cognitive functions with computer simulations built on the current knowledge of the brain. The proposed models and simula¬tions are built on the paradigm of dynamic neural ?elds, that we use in order to study in which way complex congitive capabilities can be the emergent result of the interaction of elementary units. In this thesis, we are interested in the modelisation of visual attention, with and without eye movements. To guide the development of these models, we propose in the ?rst part a review of the current psychological and physiologi¬cal data on visual attention, before proposing a computational model of visual attention without saccadic eye movement. Then, we study in the second part the way we can integrate saccadic eye movements in our models based on the current anatomical and physiological data on the oculomotor control in the pri-mate. The performances of the different proposed mechanisms are evaluated by simulating visual search tasks with saccadic eye movements. This work also makes us able to study a computational paradigm that relies on distributed, asynchronous, numerical and adaptive computation which per¬mits to consider further developments of the proposed mechanisms on parallel architectures
Travers, Corentin. "Derrière le consensus : coordination faiblement contrainte dans les systèmes distribués asynchrones". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485704.
Texto completoMallmann-Trenn, Frederik. "Analyse probabiliste de processus distribués axés sur les processus de consensus". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE058/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the study of stochastic decentralized processes. Typical examples in the real world include the dynamics of weather and temperature, of traffic, the way we meet our friends, etc. We take the rich tool set from probability theoryfor the analysis of Markov Chains and employ it to study a wide range of such distributed processes: Forest Fire Model (social networks), Balls-into-Bins with Deleting Bins, and fundamental consensus dynamics and protocols such as the Voter Model, 2-Choices, and 3-Majority
Taïani, François. "Programmation des grands systèmes distribués: quelques mécanismes, abstractions, et outils". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643729.
Texto completoLavault, Christian. "Algorithmique et complexité distribuées : applications à quelques problèmes fondamentaux de complexité, protocoles distribués à consensus, information globale, problèmes distribués d'élection et de routage". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112392.
Texto completoLambein, Patrick. "Consensus de moyenne dans les réseaux dynamiques anonymes : Une approche algorithmique". Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX103.
Texto completoCompact and cheap electronic components announce the near-future development of applications in which networked systems of autonomous agents are made to carry over complex tasks. These, in turn, depend on a small number of coordination primitives, which need to be programmatically implemented into potentially low-powered, and computationally limited, agents.Such applications include for example the coordination of the collective motion of mobile and vehicular networks, the distributed aggregation and processing of data measured locally in sensor networks, and the on-line repartition of processing load in the computer farms powering wide-scale services. As they address constraints that are not specific to the digital nature of the network such primitives also serve to model complex behavior of natural systems, such as flocks and neural networks.This monograph focuses on providing distributed algorithms that asymptotically compute the average of initial values, initially present at each agent of a networked system with time-varying communication links and in the absence of centralized control. Additionally, we consider the weaker problem of getting the agents to asymptotically agree on any value within the initial bounds. We focus on locally implementable algorithms, which leverage no information beyond what the agents can acquire by themselves, and which need no bootstrapping mechanism like a global start signal or a leader agent.We provide distributed average consensus algorithms that operate over dynamic networks given different local assumptions. These algorithms are computationally simple and operate in polynomial time in the number of agents.For bidirectional communications, we give a deterministic algorithm which asymptotically computes the average as long as the network never becomes permanently disconnected. For the general case of asymmetric communications, we provide a stabilizing Monte Carlo algorithm that is efficient in bandwidth and memory and operates in linear time, along with an extension by which the algorithm can be made to uniformly terminate over any connected network in which agents may start asynchronously.This contrasts with a plethora of results and techniques in which agents are provided external information – the size of the system, a bound over their degree, – helped with exogenous symmetry breaking – a leader agent, unique identifiers, – or where the network is expected to conform to a specific shape – a ring, a a complete network, a regular graph. Indeed, because very different networks may look alike to the agents, they are limited in what they can learn locally, and many functions are impossible to compute in a fully distributed manner without assuming some structure in the network or additional symmetry-breaking device. Given these stringent constraints, our contribution is to offer algorithms whose validity depends uniquely on local and instantaneous conditions. In the bidirectional model, we show that anonymous deterministic agents can asymptotically compute the average in polynomial time. For the general model of directed interactions, we allow agents to consult random oracles. Under those conditions, full information protocols are capable of solving any problem, and so we focus on the spatial complexity and tolerance to a lack of initial coordination in the agents, while offering stronger termination guarantees than in the bidirectional case. Beyond the fact that locally implementable algorithms are eminently desirable, our study contributes to mapping the limits that local interactions impose on networks
Tronel, Frédéric. "Application des problèmes d'accord à la tolérance aux défaillances dans les systèmes distribués asynchrones". Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10146.
Texto completoHanaf, Anas. "Algorithmes distribués de consensus de moyenne et leurs applications dans la détection des trous de couverture dans un réseau de capteurs". Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS018/document.
Texto completoDistributed consensus algorithms are iterative algorithms of low complexity where neighboring sensors interact with each other to reach an agreement without coordinating unit. As the nodes in a wireless sensor network have limited computing power and limited battery, these distributed algorithms must reach a consensus in a short time and with little message exchange. The first part of this thesis is based on the study and comparison of different consensus algorithms synchronously and asynchronously in terms of convergence speed and communication rates. The second part of our work concerns the application of these consensus algorithms to the problem of detecting coverage holes in wireless sensor networks.This coverage problem also provides the context for the continuation of our work. This problem is described as how a region of interest is monitored by sensors. Different geometrical approaches have been proposed but are limited by the need to know exactly the position of the sensors; but this information may not be available if the locating devices such as GPS are not on the sensors. From the mathematical tool called algebraic topology, we have developed a distributed algorithm of coverage hole detection searching a harmonic function of a network, that is to say canceling the operator of the 1-dimensional Laplacian. This harmonic function is connected to the homology group H1 which identifies the coverage holes. Once a harmonic function obtained, detection of the holes is realized by a simple random walk in the network
Hanna, Fouad. "Etude et développement du nouvel algorithme distribué de consensus FLC permfettant de maintenir la cohérence des données partagées et tolérant aux fautess". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2051.
Texto completoNowadays, collaborative work took a very important place in many fields and particularly in the medicaltelediagnosis field. The consistency of shared data is a key issue in this type of applications. Moreover, itis essential to use a consensus algorithm to ensure data consistency in collaborative platforms. We presenthere our new consensus algorithm FLC that helps to ensure data consistency in asynchronous collaborativedistributed systems. Our algorithm is fault tolerant and aims to improve the performance of consensus ingeneral and particularly in the case of process crashes. The new algorithm uses the leader oracle tocircumvent the impossibility result of the FLP theorem. It is decentralized and considers the crash-stop failuremodel. The FLC algorithm is based on two main ideas. The first is to perform, at the beginning of eachround, a simple election phase guaranteeing the existence of only one leader per round. The second is totake advantage of system stability and more particularly of the fact that the leader does not crash betweentwo consecutive consensus runs. The performance of our algorithm was analyzed and compared to the mostknown algorithms in the domain. The results obtained by simulation, using the Neko platform, demonstratedthat our algorithm gave the best performance when using a multicast network in the best case scenario and insituations where the algorithm undergoes one or more crashes of coordinators/leaders processes
Vanet, Emmanuelle. "Distribution de l'intelligence et approche hétérarchique des marchés de l'énergie distribués dans les Smart Grids". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT112/document.
Texto completoIn close relationship with the European project DREAM, this doctoral thesis focus on operational evolutions in tomorrow’s distribution networks wich will integrate a larger amount of distributed renewable resources. A centralized control of all the entities (from controllable loads to embedded generators) is overall optimal but complex and not so reliable. This study addresses the feasibility of a distributed control, autonomous, self-learning and real time operation of local resources and network’s components. The main concern to explore will be the creation of ad-hoc federations of agents that will flexibly adjust their hierarchy to current needs. These collaborative structures will use different coordination strategies ranging from market-based transactions, to balancing optimization market (ancillary services) and to local control (frequency control and self-healing)
Auvolat, Alex. "Probabilistic methods for collaboration systems in large-scale trustless networks". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN1S125.
Texto completoThe Internet is a formidable tool for education, communication and collaboration, however it is currently being monopolized by large corporations (GAFAM), which has consequences for many social issues such as respect of human rights and individual freedoms. This thesis focuses on ways to build decentralized applications: Internet applications that provide levels of functionality similar to those provided by the GAFAM, but that function in a decentralized manner, empowering the users to democratically decide of their functioning and their uses. We focus on epidemic algorithms, which are particularly suited to the context of very large open networks. We make contributions on causal broadcast in presence of Byzantine nodes, epidemic causal broadcast using an event store synchronized with an anti-entropy algorithm, random peer sampling in presence of Byzantine nodes and Sybil attacks, as well as a new epidemic total order broadcast which is tolerant to malicious nodes and provides high throughput message delivery
Jeanneau, Élise. "Failure Detectors in Dynamic Distributed Systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS207.
Texto completoDynamic systems are distributed systems in which (1) processes can join or leave the system during the run, and (2) the communication graph evolves over time. The failure detector abstraction was introduced as a way to circumvent the impossibility of solving consensus in asynchronous systems prone to crash failures. A failure detector is a local oracle that provides processes in the system with unreliable information on process failures. But a failure detector that is sufficient to solve a given problem in a static system is not necessarily sufficient to solve the same problem in a dynamic system. Additionally, some existing failure detectors cannot be implemented in dynamic systems. Therefore, it is necessary to redefine existing failure detectors and provide new algorithms. In this thesis, we provide a new definition of a failure detector for k-set agreement, and prove that it is sufficient to solve k-set agreement in dynamic systems. We also design a dynamic system model and an algorithm that implements this new failure detector. Additionally, we adapt an existing failure detector for mutual exclusion and prove that it is still the weakest failure detector to solve mutual exclusion in dynamic systems, which means that it is weaker than any other failure detector capable of solving mutual exclusion
Amoussou-Guenou, Yackolley. "Gouvernance des biens communs dans les blockchains". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS043.
Texto completoBlockchains are one of the most appealing technologies over the last years, both for scientists and for the general public. Blockchains are distributed ledgers that aim to offer transparency, integrity and many more advantages over their centralised counterparts. Blockchains were “revealed” and became popular thanks to the creation and rise of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin. Over the years, blockchain technologies become more and more popular with an exceptional peak in 2017. Blockchains are becoming mainstream technologies, as there is an observatory for blockchains established by the European Commission, blockchain forums in many countries, blockchain start-ups are flourishing, scientific conferences are discussing the topic, and even some scientific conferences are now specifically dedicated to the technology, etc. The blockchain technology promises, thanks to its integrity and transparency properties to be useful and interesting in various domains, and not only for financial systems. However, many questions and doubts float around it. Is it environmentally viable? Is the technology even ensuring its promises? Can they be used in real-life settings, etc. In this thesis, using the lens of distributed systems, we study and define the properties of committee-based blockchains and their fairness; that definition allows formalising and helping correct one of the most used blockchain of that class. Furthermore, adding lenses from game theory, we propose a methodology to analyse the rational behaviours of participants in a blockchains system. Using that methodology, we show, under different mechanisms of rewards, the necessary conditions needed to ensure the blockchain properties
Aliouat, Makhlouf. "Reprise de processus dans un environnement distribué après pannes matérielles transitoires ou permanentes". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320133.
Texto completoObando, Bravo German Dario. "Distributed methods for resource allocation : a passivity based approach". Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMNA0174/document.
Texto completoSince the complexity and scale of systems have been growing in the last years, distributed approaches for control and decision making are becoming more prevalent. This dissertation focuses on an important problem involving distributed control and decision making, the dynamic resource allocation in a network. To address this problem, we explore a consensus--based algorithm that does not require any centralized computation, and that is capable to deal with applications modeled either by dynamical systems or by memoryless functions. The main contribution of our research is to prove, by means of graph theoretical tools and passivity analysis, that the proposed controller asymptotically reaches an optimal solution without the need of full information. In order to illustrate the relevance of our main result, we address several engineering applications including: distributed control for energy saving in smart buildings, management of the customers of an aggregating entity in a smart grid environment, and development of an exact distributed optimization method that deals with resource allocation problems subject to lower--bound constraints. Finally, we explore resource allocation techniques based on classic population dynamics models. In order to make them distributed, we introduce the concept of non--well--mixed population dynamics. We show that these dynamics are capable to deal with constrained information structures that are characterized by non--complete graphs. Although the proposed non--well--mixed population dynamics use partial information, they preserve similar properties of their classic counterpart, which uses full information. Specifically, we prove mass conservation and convergence to Nash equilibrium
Dado que la complejidad y la escala de los sistemas sehan ido incrementando en los últimos años, las técnicas centralizadas de control y toma de decisiones están siendo reemplazadas por métodos distribuidos. Esta tesis se centra en un importante problema que involucra control y toma de decisiones distribuidas: la asignación dinámica de recursos en redes. Para abordar este problema, exploramos un algoritmo basado en consenso que no requiere computación centralizada, y que puede ser usado en aplicaciones modeladas ya sea por sistemas dinámicos o funciones sin memoria. La principal contribución de esta tesis es probar, por medio de teoría de grafos y pasividad, que el algoritmo propuesto alcanza asintóticamente una solución óptima sin la necesidad de usar información completa. Para ilustrar la relevancia del resultado principal de esta disertación, abordamos varias aplicaciones en ingeniería,incluyendo: el control distribuido en edificios inteligentes orientado a la eficiencia energética, la gestión de los clientes de un agregador en una red inteligente en la que se aplican estrategias de respuesta de la demanda, y el desarrollo de un método de optimización exacto que permite incluir restricciones de límite inferior. Finalmente, se exploran otras técnicas de asignación derecursos inspiradas en modelos de dinámicas poblacionales. Se introduce el concepto de poblaciones no—bien—mezcladas, y se muestra que las dinámicas asociadas a este tipo de poblaciones cuentan con una estructura de información local, caracterizada por grafos que no son completos. A pesar de que las dinámicas propuestas usan información parcial, ellas preservan características similares a las dinámicas poblacionales clásicas que usan información completa