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Literatura académica sobre el tema "MBW complex"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 11 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "MBW complex"

Lan, Jingqiu, Jinzhe Zhang, Rongrong Yuan, Hao Yu, Fengying An, Linhua Sun, Haodong Chen et al. "TCP transcription factors suppress cotyledon trichomes by impeding a cell differentiation-regulating complex". Plant Physiology 186, n.º 1 (12 de febrero de 2021): 434–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab053.

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Abstract Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells that act as barriers against biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the formation of trichomes on hairy organs is well studied, the molecular mechanisms of trichome inhibition on smooth organs are still largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the CINCINNATA (CIN)-like TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors inhibit the formation of trichomes on cotyledons in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17 septuple mutant produces cotyledons with ectopic trichomes on the adaxial sides. The expression patterns of TCP genes are developmentally regulated during cotyledon development. TCP proteins directly interact with GLABRA3 (GL3), a key component of the MYB transcription factor/basic helix–loop–helix domain protein/WD40-repeat proteins (MYB–bHLH–WD40, MBW) complex essential for trichome formation, to interfere with the transactivation activity of the MBW complex in cotyledons. TCPs also disrupt the MBW complex–R3 MYB negative feedback loop by directly promoting the expression of R3 MYB genes, which enhance the repression of the MBW complex. Our findings reveal a molecular framework in which TCPs suppress trichome formation on adaxial sides of cotyledons by repressing the activity of the MBW complex at the protein level and the transcripts of R3 MYB genes at the transcriptional level.

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Wei, Zelou, Yalong Cheng, Chenchen Zhou, Dong Li, Xin Gao, Shuoxin Zhang y Mingxun Chen. "Genome-Wide Identification of Direct Targets of the TTG1–bHLH–MYB Complex in Regulating Trichome Formation and Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Thaliana". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n.º 20 (10 de octubre de 2019): 5014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205014.

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Extensive studies have shown that the MBW complex consisting of three kinds of regulatory proteins, MYB and basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors and a WD40 repeat protein, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), acts in concert to promote trichome formation and flavonoid accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. TTG1 functions as an essential activator in these two biological processes. However, direct downstream targets of the TTG1-dependent MBW complex have not yet been obtained in the two biological processes at the genome-wide level in A. thaliana. In the present study, we found, through RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analysis, that a great number of regulatory and structural genes involved in both trichome formation and flavonoid accumulation are significantly downregulated in the young shoots and expanding true leaves of ttg1-13 plants. Post-translational activation of a TTG1-glucocorticoid receptor fusion protein and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that these downregulated genes are directly or indirectly targeted by the TTG1-dependent MBW complex in vivo during trichome formation and flavonoid accumulation. These findings further extend our understanding of the role of TTG1-dependent MBW complex in the regulation of trichome formation and flavonoid accumulation in A. thaliana.

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Zhang, Bipei, Divykriti Chopra, Andrea Schrader y Martin Hülskamp. "Evolutionary comparison of competitive protein-complex formation of MYB, bHLH, and WDR proteins in plants". Journal of Experimental Botany 70, n.º 12 (9 de abril de 2019): 3197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz155.

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Abstract A protein complex consisting of a MYB, basic Helix-Loop-Helix, and a WDR protein, the MBW complex, regulates five traits, namely the production of anthocyanidin, proanthocyanidin, and seed-coat mucilage, and the development of trichomes and root hairs. For complexes involved in trichome and root hair development it has been shown that the interaction of two MBW proteins can be counteracted by the respective third protein (called competitive complex formation). We examined competitive complex formation for selected MBW proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabis alpina, Gossypium hirsutum, Petunia hybrida, and Zea mays. Quantitative analyses of the competitive binding of MYBs and WDRs to bHLHs were done by pull-down assays using ProtA- and luciferase-tagged proteins expressed in human HEC cells. We found that some bHLHs show competitive complex formation whilst others do not. Competitive complex formation strongly correlated with a phylogenetic tree constructed with the bHLH proteins under investigation, suggesting a functional relevance. We demonstrate that this different behavior can be explained by changes in one amino acid and that this position is functionally relevant in trichome development but not in anthocyanidin regulation.

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Zhang, T. K. y Z. H. Yuan. "Quick convergent evolution of MBW complex for pomegranate fruit coloration". Acta Horticulturae, n.º 1254 (octubre de 2019): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2019.1254.21.

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Davies, Kevin M., Nick W. Albert y Kathy E. Schwinn. "From landing lights to mimicry: the molecular regulation of flower colouration and mechanisms for pigmentation patterning". Functional Plant Biology 39, n.º 8 (2012): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp12195.

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Flower colour is a key component for plant signaling to pollinators and a staggering variety of colour variations are found in nature. Patterning of flower colour, such as pigment spots or stripes, is common and is important in promoting pollination success. Developmentally programmed pigmentation patterns are of interest with respect to the evolution of specialised plant–pollinator associations and as models for dissecting regulatory signaling in plants. This article reviews the occurrence and function of flower colour patterns, as well as the molecular genetics of anthocyanin pigmentation regulation. The transcription factors controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis have been characterised for many species and an ‘MBW’ regulatory complex of R2R3MYB, bHLH and WD-Repeat proteins is of central importance. In particular, R2R3MYBs are key determinants of pigmentation intensity and patterning in plants. Progress is now being made on how environmental or developmental signal pathways may in turn control the production of the MBW components. Furthermore, additional regulatory proteins that interact with the MBW activation complex are being identified, including a range of proteins that repress complex formation or action, either directly or indirectly. This review discusses some of the recent data on the regulatory factors and presents models of how patterns may be determined.

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Sun, Xingming, Zhanying Zhang, Jinjie Li, Hongliang Zhang, Youliang Peng y Zichao Li. "Uncovering Hierarchical Regulation among MYB-bHLH-WD40 Proteins and Manipulating Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Rice". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 15 (26 de julio de 2022): 8203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158203.

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Anthocyanins accumulate in various organs of rice, and the regulatory genes involved in pigmentation of specific organs, such as pericarp, hull, leaf, apiculus, and stigma have been elucidated. However, the corresponding gene for rice culm pigmentation has not been clarified. The well-known MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex plays vital role in regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in plants. However, the core members of MBW and the hierarchical regulation between these members are not fully elucidated in rice. Here, by map-based cloning, we identified the culm-specific pigmentation gene S1 whose alleles are also known for hull/pericarp pigmentation. We also clarified that one WD40 protein encoding gene, WA1, is indispensable for anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice. In the cascading regulation among MBW members, S1 (bHLH) acts as the master gene by activating the expression of C1 (MYB), and then C1 activates the expression of WA1 (WD40), which is unique in plant species. This enables MBW members to be coordinated in a common way to efficiently regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Based on these studies, we explored the minimal gene set required for anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice. These findings will help us design new rice varieties with anthocyanin accumulation in specific organs as needed.

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Li, Yueqing, Xiaotong Shan, Linna Tong, Chao Wei, Keyu Lu, Shuying Li, Shadrack Kimani, Shucai Wang, Li Wang y Xiang Gao. "The Conserved and Particular Roles of the R2R3-MYB Regulator FhPAP1 from Freesia hybrida in Flower Anthocyanin Biosynthesis". Plant and Cell Physiology 61, n.º 7 (11 de mayo de 2020): 1365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa065.

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Abstract Anthocyanin biosynthesis is mainly controlled by MYB–bHLH–WD40 (MBW) complexes that modulate the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (ABGs). The MYB regulators involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis arose early during plant evolution and thus might function divergently in different evolutionary lineages. Although the anthocyanin-promoting R2R3-MYB regulators in eudicots have been comprehensively explored, little consensus has been reached about functional discrepancies versus conservation among MYB regulators from different plant lineages. Here, we integrated transcriptome analysis, gene expression profiles, gain-of-function experiments and transient protoplast transfection assays to functionally characterize the monocot Freesia hybrida anthocyanin MYB regulator gene FhPAP1, which showed correlations with late ABGs. FhPAP1 could activate ABGs as well as TT8-clade genes FhTT8L, AtTT8 and NtAN1 when overexpressed in Freesia, Arabidopsis and tobacco, respectively. Consistently, FhPAP1 could interact with FhTT8L and FhTTG1 to form the conserved MBW complex and shared similar target genes with its orthologs from Arabidopsis. Most prominently, FhPAP1 displayed higher transactivation capacity than its homologs in Arabidopsis and tobacco, which was instantiated in its powerful regulation on ABGs. Moreover, we found that FhPAP1 might be the selected gene during the domestication and rapid evolution of the wild Freesia species to generate intensive flower pigmentation. These results showed that while the MBW complex was highly evolutionarily conserved between tested monocot and core eudicot plants, participating MYB regulators showed functional differences in transactivation capacity according to their activation domain and played important roles in the flower coloration domestication and evolution of angiosperms.

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Tian, Yue, Jingjing Du, Huaitong Wu, Xueying Guan, Weihang Chen, Yan Hu, Lei Fang et al. "The transcription factor MML4_D12 regulates fiber development through interplay with the WD40-repeat protein WDR in cotton". Journal of Experimental Botany 71, n.º 12 (2 de marzo de 2020): 3499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa104.

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Abstract In planta, a vital regulatory complex, MYB–basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH)–WD40 (MBW), is involved in trichome development and synthesis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanin in Arabidopsis. Usually, WD40 proteins provide a scaffold for protein–protein interaction between MYB and bHLH proteins. Members of subgroup 9 of the R2R3 MYB transcription factors, which includes MYBMIXTA-Like (MML) genes important for plant cell differentiation, are unable to interact with bHLH. In this study, we report that a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed trichome or lint fiber-related GhMML factor, GhMML4_D12, interacts with a diverged WD40 protein (GhWDR) in a process similar to but different from that of the MBW ternary complex involved in Arabidopsis trichome development. Amino acids 250–267 of GhMML4_D12 and the first and third WD40 repeat domains of GhWDR determine their interaction. GhWDR could rescue Arabidopsis ttg1 to its wild type, confirming its orthologous function in trichome development. Our findings shed more light towards understanding the key role of the MML and WD40 families in plants and in the improvement of cotton fiber production.

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Zhao, Xuecheng, Yueran Zhang, Tuan Long, Shouchuang Wang y Jun Yang. "Regulation Mechanism of Plant Pigments Biosynthesis: Anthocyanins, Carotenoids, and Betalains". Metabolites 12, n.º 9 (16 de septiembre de 2022): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090871.

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Anthocyanins, carotenoids, and betalains are known as the three major pigments in the plant kingdom. Anthocyanins are flavonoids derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. They undergo acylation and glycosylation in the cytoplasm to produce anthocyanin derivatives and deposits in the cytoplasm. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is regulated by the MBW (comprised by R2R3-MYB, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and WD40) complex. Carotenoids are fat-soluble terpenoids whose synthetic genes also are regulated by the MBW complex. As precursors for the synthesis of hormones and nutrients, carotenoids are not only synthesized in plants, but also synthesized in some fungi and bacteria, and play an important role in photosynthesis. Betalains are special water-soluble pigments that exist only in Caryophyllaceae plants. Compared to anthocyanins and carotenoids, the synthesis and regulation mechanism of betalains is simpler, starting from tyrosine, and is only regulated by MYB (myeloblastosis). Recently, a considerable amount of novel information has been gathered on the regulation of plant pigment biosynthesis, specifically with respect to aspects. In this review, we summarize the knowledge and current gaps in our understanding with a view of highlighting opportunities for the development of pigment-rich plants.

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Peniche-Pavía, Héctor A., Tereso J. Guzmán, Jesús M. Magaña-Cerino, Carmen M. Gurrola-Díaz y Axel Tiessen. "Maize Flavonoid Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Human Health Relevance: A Review". Molecules 27, n.º 16 (13 de agosto de 2022): 5166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165166.

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Maize is one of the most important crops for human and animal consumption and contains a chemical arsenal essential for survival: flavonoids. Moreover, flavonoids are well known for their beneficial effects on human health. In this review, we decided to organize the information about maize flavonoids into three sections. In the first section, we include updated information about the enzymatic pathway of maize flavonoids. We describe a total of twenty-one genes for the flavonoid pathway of maize. The first three genes participate in the general phenylpropanoid pathway. Four genes are common biosynthetic early genes for flavonoids, and fourteen are specific genes for the flavonoid subgroups, the anthocyanins, and flavone C-glycosides. The second section explains the tissue accumulation and regulation of flavonoids by environmental factors affecting the expression of the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional complex. The study of transcription factors of the MBW complex is fundamental for understanding how the flavonoid profiles generate a palette of colors in the plant tissues. Finally, we also include an update of the biological activities of C3G, the major maize anthocyanin, including anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant effects, among others. This review intends to disclose and integrate the existing knowledge regarding maize flavonoid pigmentation and its relevance in the human health sector.

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Más fuentes

Tesis sobre el tema "MBW complex"

Pinto, Eduardo Ribeiro. "Estudo da dinâmica de epidemias em Redes Complexas". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153846.

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Os Modelos Baseados em Indivíduos (MBI’s) têm sido crescentemente empregados na modelagem de processos infecciosos. Um MBI consiste de uma estrutura na qual ocorrem interações entre um certo número de indivíduos, cujo comportamento é determinado por um conjunto de características que evoluem estocasticamente no tempo. Estudos recentes têm mostrado que as redes complexas constituem um suporte natural para o estudo da propagação de uma doença. Redes complexas são descritas por um conjunto de vértices (nós), arestas (conexões, ligações ou links) e algum tipo de interação entre os mesmos. Na formulação original do MBI e em modelos SIR (Suscetível, Infectado e Recuperado) e SEI (Suscetível, Exposto e Infectado), as relações entre os indivíduos são representadas por grafos completos, ou seja, todos os indivíduos estão conectados entre si. Como a topologia de uma rede real não pode ser descrita por uma rede puramente aleatória, nesse trabalho o MBI foi implementado de forma a incorporar modelos mais realísticos de redes de contato na propagação de uma doença infecciosa. De maneira geral, observou-se que redes complexas com diferentes topologias resultam em curvas de indivíduos suscetíveis, infectados e recuperados (ou suscetíveis, expostos e infectados) com diferentes comportamentos, e desta forma, que a evolução de uma dada doença, em particular a tuberculose, é altamente sensível à topologia de rede utilizada. Mais especificamente, observou-se que quanto maior o valor do comprimento do salto médio, mais rápida será a propagação da doença e, consequentemente, maior será o número de indivíduos infectados.
Individual-Based Models have been increasingly employed in the modeling of an infectious process. An IBM consists of a structure in which interactions occur between a certain number of individuals, whose behavior is determined by a set of characteristics that evolve stochastically in time. Recent studies have shown that complex networks are a natural framework for the study of a disease spread. Complex networks are described by a set of vertices (or nodes), edges (connections or links) and some type of interactions between them. In the original IBM approach and in SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) and SEI (Susceptible, Exposed and Infected) models, the relations between individuals are represented by complete graphs, that is, all individuals are connected to each other. Since the topology of a real network can not be described by a purely random network, in this work an IBM has been implemented in order to incorporate some realistic contact networks xvii models. In general, it was observed that complex networks with different topologies correspond to curves of susceptible, infected and recovered individuals (or susceptible, exposed and infected) with different behaviors, and thus, that the evolution of a given disease, in particular tuberculosis, is highly sensitive to a network topology. More specifically, it was observed that the higher the value of the mean jump length is, the faster the disease spreads and consequently, the higher is the number of infected individuals.

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Knezevic, Iva 1984. "INO80 complex regulates the G1-to-S transcriptional wave through MBF". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586378.

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In eukaryotic cells a key regulatory step of cell cycle occurs in late G1, which has been termed “Start” in yeast cells. At this point, cells determine whether they will go to through a new round of proliferation, or choose alternative pathways; cell cycle arrest or sexual differentiation. In fission yeast, the MBF complex controls the transcriptional activation of some genes of G1/S transcriptional wave, including cdc18, cdt1 (necessary to prevent onset of mitosis before of completion of DNA synthesis), and cdc22 (ribonucleotide reductase). Control of MBF activity is essential for normal cell cycle progression. It has been found that MBF complex is bound to the promoter of its target genes throughout the cell cycle, implicating that MBF activity is not regulated by pure binding to DNA. We purified novel inetractor of MBF complex, INO80 complex. Here we demonstrate that INO80 regulates cell cycle genes through MBF, and that proper acetylation of histone variant H2A.Z is crucial for MBF dependent transcription.
En las células eucariotas el paso clave en la regulación de ciclo celular ocurre en el final de la fase G1, nombrado como “Start” en levadura. En este punto, las células determinan si pasaran por nueva ronda de la proliferación, o elegirán vías alternativas: parada del ciclo celular o diferenciación sexual. En S. pombe, el complejo MBF controla la activación de la transcripción de algunos genes necesarios para la transición G1 / S, incluyendo cdc18, cdt1 (necesario para evitar el inicio de la mitosis antes de la finalización de la síntesis de ADN), y cdc22 (ribonucleótido reductasa). El control de la actividad MBF es esencial para la progresión normal del ciclo celular. El complejo MBF se une a los promotores de los genes, a lo largo del ciclo celular, implicando que la actividad de MBF no esta regulada por el simple hecho de unión al DNA. Hemos purificado un interactor nuevo de MBF, el complejo INO80. En esta tesis demostramos que INO80 regula los genes del ciclo a través de MBF, y que la acetilación adecuada de la histona H2A.Z es crucial para la transcripción de los genes MBF.

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Bradley, Mayumi. "Activation of the human complement system via the MBL-MASPs complex". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249308.

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Stacey, Peter. "Characterisation of MBF, a cell cycle regulated fission yeast transcription complex". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267151.

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Walavalkar, Ninad. "Structural basis of DNA binding complexes". VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3162.

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The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is an abundant deacetylase complex, which couples histone deacetylation and chromatin remodeling ATPase activities, and has a broad cellular and tissue distribution. Although the working model of how this complex forms and functions is not well known, we have demonstrated that the coiled-coil interaction between two proteins (MBD2 and p66α) is critical for DNA methylation dependent gene silencing in vivo. Chapter one: ‘Unique features of the anti-parallel, heterodimeric coiled-coil interaction between methyl-cytosine binding domain 2 (MBD2) homologues and p66α dictate high affinity binding’ describes this unique coiled coil interaction. Coiled-coils were studied using a variety of biophysical techniques including analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and circular dichroism (CD). Results were compared across homologues and mutation studies were carried out to test our hypotheses. The studies reported in this chapter add to our understanding of coiled-coil interaction and thereby facilitate development of small peptide based drugs which target such interactions in nature.A number of proteins have been identified in humans that specifically bind to methylated CpG via a methyl binding domain (MBD). The human genome encodes at least five MBD proteins: MeCP2 and MBD1 through MBD4, which are homologous in their methyl binding domains but not many similarities are seen outside the MBD. Out of the five MBDs, MBD4 has a c-terminal glycosylase domain through which it recognizes mCpG.TpG mismatch and is important for base excision repair system. Chapter two: ‘Dynamic behavior of MBD4 in methylated DNA recognition’ focuses on MBD4 and its preference for DNA methylation mark. Techniques of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are used to study binding affinity for variations of methylated DNA mark. Chemical exchange studies are used to demonstrate how MBD4 scans for methylation mark and these studies have added a new dimension to our understanding of how MBD proteins ‘read’ DNA methylation marks. Chapter three: ‘Solving the solution structure of MBD domain of MBD4 on methylated DNA by NMR’ describes a process of structure determination using NMR spectroscopy. The focus of this chapter is not on developing a new technique but rather on using current resources to solve a protein structure, which can be used to further understand our biological system. Here, I have discussed the workflow used to determine a final three-dimensional structure starting from sample preparation, data collection, data analysis to structure calculation.

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Xu, Wenjia. "Deciphering the regulatory network controlling flavonoid biosynthesis by MYB-bHLH-WDR complexes in Arabidopsis seed". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112176/document.

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Le contrôle combinatoire de l’ expression des gènes est une caractéristique importante du profil spatio-temporel de l'accumulation des flavonoïdes chez les plantes. Des résultats précédents avaient démontré chez Arabidopsis thaliana, que la régulation de l’accumulation des anthocyanes et des proanthocyanidines repose sur l'activité de facteurs de régulation de la transcription de type R2R3-MYB et bHLH qui forment des complexes ternaires ("MBW") avec la protéine TTG1 (WDR). L'objectif de la thèse était de caractériser les complexes MBW impliqués et leurs cibles, pour avoir une compréhension globale des mécanismes transcriptionnels qui contrôlent la biosynthèse des flavonoïdes.En utilisant différentes approches génétiques et moléculaires, nous avons montré que seuls les gènes « tardifs » (c’est à dire DFR, LDOX, BAN, TT19, TT12 et AHA10) sont des cibles directes des complexes MBW. Bien que le complexe de régulation impliquant les protéines TT2-TT8-TTG1 ait un rôle majeur dans la régulation de ces gènes structuraux dans la graine d’Arabidopsis, trois autres complexes contenant MYB5, GL3 ou EGL3 sont également impliqués de façon tissu-spécifique. Comme l’expression du gène TT8 joue un rôle clef dans ces régulations, une dissection fonctionnelle de son promoteur a été entreprise. Elle a montré la nature modulaire de ce promoteur avec deux domaines impliqués dans l’expression tissu-spécifique et un troisième dans la force du promoteur. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent également l’existence d’autres régulateurs qui restent à caractériser. Enfin, nous avons développé une nouvelle technique de caractérisation des interactions entre les facteurs de transcription et les promoteurs, basée sur l’expression transitoire dans des protoplastes de mousse (i.e. Physcomitrella patens). Nous avons ainsi pu identifier les éléments cis des promoteurs impliqués dans la régulation de l’expression de TT8 et de chacun des promoteurs cibles des complexes MBW.L’ensemble de ces travaux permet de fournir un modèle plus complet du réseau de régulations transcriptionnelles qui contrôle la biosynthèse des proanthocyanidines et des anthocyanes, ainsi que des outils et de nouvelles pistes pour poursuivre ces études chez Arabidopsis et d’autres plantes
The combinatorial control of gene expression is a key feature of the spatio-temporal pattern of flavonoid accumulation in plants. Previous results have shown that the regulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs or tannins) pigmentation relies on the transcriptional activity of R2R3-MYB and bHLH proteins that form “MBW” ternary complexes with TTG1 (WD-Repeats), in Arabidopsis thaliana. The purpose of the thesis was to figure out the nature and spatio-temporal activity of these MBW complexes and to identify their direct targets, which were essential steps toward a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms that control flavonoid biosynthesis. Using different molecular and genetic approaches this thesis has demonstrated that only late biosynthetic genes (namely DFR, LDOX, BAN, TT19, TT12 and AHA10) are direct targets of the MBW complexes. Interestingly, although the TT2-TT8-TTG1 complex was shown to play the major role in regulating the expression of these structural genes in developing seeds, three additional MBW complexes that contain MYB5, GL3 or EGL3 are also involved, in a tissue-specific manner. Because the expression of TT8 is largely involved in these regulations, a functional dissection of its promoter was carried out. Two modules drive the tissue-specific activity of the TT8 promoter in PA- and anthocyanin-accumulating cells, and a third module is responsible for the strength of the promoter. Interestingly, this regulation involves at least six different MBW complexes. Our results also suggest that some putative new regulators remain to be discovered. Last, use of a newly developed fast and sensitive transient expression system that relies on protoplasts of the moss Physcomitrella patens has allowed the identification of both, specific cis-regulatory elements through which TT8 expression is regulated and the minimal promoter for each of the genes that are targeted by the MBW complexes.Altogether, by answering fundamental questions and by demonstrating or invalidating previously made hypotheses, we have provided a new and comprehensive view of the regulatory mechanisms controlling PA and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, as well as new clues and tools for further investigation of this pathway in Arabidopsis and other plant species

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Jagiełło, Bogumiła 1987. "Investigating protein complexes potentially governing microtubule-dependent MBP mRNA distribution". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665721.

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La localització de molècules d'ARNm permet regular la síntesi de proteïnes localment i temporalment i això és vital per molts processos cel·lular fonamentals. A Oligodendròcits el transport de l'ARNm de la proteïna bàsica de la mielina (MBP) permet la síntesi local d'aquesta. MBP té una funció essencial en la formació de la beina de mielina que envolta els exons, nodreix les cel·les nervioses i permet la rapida transmissió dels estímuls. Tot i la intensa recerca feta sobre els mecanismes moleculars que condueixen el transport i l'expressió local MBP-ARNm, encara no està clar com l'ARNm és transportat fins al seu destí i com es controla la traducció de la proteïna al lloc adequat. Fent servir informació de dades publicades i el cribratge d'interaccions entre proteïnes realitzat al laboratori hem seleccionat dos complexos proteics essencials per a la localització de l'ARNm de la MBP i hem intentat construir-los des de la base. Des d'aquest enfocament la reconstrucció in vitro dels complexos ens permet analitzar la funcio de cada component del complex i entendre més profundament com es controla aquest procés biològic. La síntesi de l'ARNm de la MBP és parcialment depenent de la interacció entre la proteïna d'unió a ARN, hnRNPA2, i una polimerasa de microtúbuls, chTOG. Per aclarir el mecanisme pel qual aquesta interacció desencadena la traducció de la MBP vam decidir analitzar les conseqüències funcionals d'aquesta nova interacció entre una proteïna d'unió a microtúbul i una proteïna d'unió a ARN. He aconseguit amb èxit proteïna recombinant funcional de hnRNPA2 I chTOG. La interacció entre aquestes dues proteïnes va resultar no especifica. Hipotetitzo que és degut a la conformació que adquireix la proteïna hnRNPA2 en els grànuls de ribonucleoproteines o depenent d'altres components. Degut a la falta de recursos per investigar-ho vam suspendre aquest projecte. El procés de lliurament de l'ARNm de MBP a oligodendròcits és mantingut per kinesines dependents de microtúbuls. La kinesina Kif1Bβ s'ha vist que fa el transport però els adaptadors que uneixen l'ARNm al motor(kinesina) resten desconeguts. Kif1Bβ se sap que és responsable del transport d'orgànuls de membrana com precursors de vesícules sinàptiques. Evidencies de la bibliografia i del cribratge d'interaccions entre proteïnes realitzat al laboratori suggereixen que Kif1Bβ podria realitzar el transport de l'ARN per captura de les vesícules. La regulació de les kinesines no és del tot conegut per això vaig decidir investigar primer aquest aspecte. Per aquesta raó vaig provar de construir i caracteritzar el sistema de transport de vesícules depenent de Kif1Bβ in vitro. Vaig aconseguir produir i caracteritzar la proteïna recombinant Kif1Bβ. Kif1Bβ es capaç de formar un dímer en solució de forma independent i en aquest estat de dímer moure's al llarg de microtúbuls. Vaig detectar la preferència de Kif1Bβ per certs lípids que després vaig fer servir per produir vesícules sintètiques. Les vesícules es van fer servir per caracteritzar in vitro el seu transport per Kif1Bβ. La reconstrucció de les interaccions entre proteïnes implicades en el transport de complexos van demostrar ser més problemàtiques. Esforços addicionals serien necessaris en el futur per aconseguir aquest repte i millor caracterització del proposat complex. Tot i els meus esforços no vaig poder reconstruir completament cap dels dos complexos d'interès. Tot i així, presento en aquesta tesi una descripció detallada dels enfocaments i els complexes parcials que nosaltres vam aconseguir construir i caracteritzar.
Localization of mRNA molecules enables locally and temporally regulated protein synthesis, which is vital for many fundamental cellular processes. In oligodendrocytes transport of myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA to myelinating processes allows for local synthesis of MBP. MBP has an essential function if forming the myelin sheath that surrounds axons, nurtures the nerve cells and allows for fast stimuli transmission. Despite extensive research about the molecular mechanisms that guide the transport and local expression of MBP-mRNA it is still not clear how this mRNA is transported to its destination and how activation of translation at the right place is controlled. Using the information from published data and an interaction screen performed in the lab we selected two protein complexes essential for MBP mRNA localisation and attempted to build them from bottom-up. In this approach in vitro reconstitution of the minimal complexes allows us to analyse the function of each component of the complex and understanding better how biological processes are regulated. MBP mRNA synthesis is partially dependent on the interaction between an RNA binding protein, hnRNPA2, and a microtubule polymerase, chTOG. To elucidate the mechanism by which this interaction triggers MBP mRNA translation we decided to analyse the functional consequences of this entirely novel interaction between a microtubule binding and RNA binding protein. I successfully produced functional recombinant hnRNPA2 and chTOG. The interaction detected between those two proteins turned out to be unspecific. I hypothesize it is due to the conformation that hnRNPA2 acquires in the RNP granule or depends on other components. Due to the lack of resources to investigate this further we suspended this project. Delivery of MBP mRNA to the oligodendrocytes processes is maintained by microtubule-dependent kinesin motors. The kinesin Kif1Bβ has been shown to carry out the transport but the adaptors, which link the mRNA to the motor, remain unknown. Kif1Bβ is known to be responsible for transport of membranous organelles such as synaptic vesicle (SV) precursors. Evidence from literature and protein interaction screen performed in the lab suggests that Kif1Bβ could achieve mRNA transport by vesicle hitchhiking. The regulation of the kinesin is not fully understood therefore I decided to investigate this aspect first. For this reason I sought to build and characterize a Kif1Bβ-dependent vesicle transport system in vitro. I produced recombinant protein and achieved characterization of the Kif1Bβ motor. Kif1Bβ is able to independently form a dimer in solution and in the dimeric state processively moves on microtubules. I detected the preference of Kif1Bβ for certain lipids, which were then used to produce synthetic vesicles. In in vitro motility assays I characterized the Kif1Bβ-driven transport of synthetic vesicles. The reconstitution of the interactions between proteins involved in vesicle transporting complex proved to be more problematic. Additional efforts are needed to achieve this goal and further characterize the proposed complex in the future. Despite my efforts I did not manage to fully reconstitute any of the two complexes of interest. However, I report in this thesis a detailed description of the approaches and the partial complexes I managed to build and characterise.

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Hutchinson, Teresa. "Assessment of complex simulation value in MBA courses| A quantitative ex post facto comparative study". Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10142342.

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Corporations seek Master of Business Administration (MBA) students who are ready to perform upon hiring. Business schools need to align instructional practices and technology with student, accreditation, and marketplace demands. Complex simulation use has increased exponentially to provide MBA students with business experience in the classroom. Methods to assess the effectiveness of complex simulations to achieve learning outcomes is limited to student perceptions of learning, satisfaction, and direct assessment separately. The purpose of this quantitative ex post facto comparative study was to examine MBA students’ perception of learning to real performance in integrative courses with complex simulation. Archival MBA student Peregrine COMP™ pretest, posttest, and SIRII™ scores were analyzed using independent t-test, paired sample t-test, and Pearson r coefficient. MBA students perceived higher levels of learning in courses with complex simulation based on the statistically significant increase in SIRII™ scores over courses without simulation. Another key finding from the quantitative study was the statistically significant negative correlation of students’ perception of learning to actual performance. Positive student perceptions of learning could hide a complex simulation’s inability to meet student learning outcomes, according to the statistically significant decrease between pretest, and posttest Peregrine COMP™ scores. Based on the quantitative correlation analysis of student perceptions of learning to actual performance, MBA administrators and faculty need to evaluate the use of instructional technology from multiple data points to avoid applications that offer minimal value to achieving learning outcomes. Future research opportunities could include a larger MBA population from multiple regions of the United States. Additional studies could investigate undergraduate perceptions of learning to actual performance to assess any benefit from complex simulations.

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Gu, Xing. "High quality molecular beam epitaxy growth and characterization of lead titanate zirconate based complex-oxides". VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1603.

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Research interest in complex oxides has resurged owing to progress in modern epitaxial techniques. Among such oxides, lead-titanate-based thin films such as PbTiO3 (PTO) and Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (PZT) offer attractive advantages for a wide variety of applications. Moreover, integration between functional oxides with compound semiconductors has the potential to realize multi-functional devices which enjoy the properties from both groups of materials. Ferroelectric materials with a perovskite structure (ABO3) and semiconductors such as GaN with a hexagonal structure, require a careful choice of a bridge layer and suitable epitaxial technique. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been an established technique in providing epitaxial growth with high crystal perfection and precise control over material composition. Single-crystal oxides grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) can in principle avoid grain boundaries and provide a sharp interface as well. In this dissertation, the MBE growth mechanism of PZT was investigated. In-situ RHEED patterns indicate that the growth of PTO and PZT occur in a two-dimensional, layer by layer mode, as confirmed by a streaky pattern. The crystal quality of PTO, PZO, and PZT thin films prepared by MBE are evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) value of 4 arcmin for an 80nm thick layer. Optical properties of the PTO thin films have been characterized by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), and well resolved dielectric functions are extracted. The refractive index is determined as 2.605 at 633 nm, and bandgap energy as 3.778eV. The electrical properties of the PTO and PZT are evaluated by the measurement of polarization-field hysteresis loops, give a remanent polarization of 83 μC/cm2 and a coercive field of 77 kV/cm. Lead oxide (PbO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), on GaN templates for potential PZT/GaN integration. The epitaxial growth of TiO2, PbO, and ZrO2 is realized on GaN templates for the first time by MBE. The PbO epitaxial layer was also used as a nucleation layer to enable single crystalline, perovskite PTO growth on GaN.

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Carver, Alexander Gilman. "Novel chlorine-based chemistry and implementation hardware for the growth of lithium niobate and related complex metal oxides". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33987.

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Oxide related research has increased as standard oxides reach their operational limits and new classes of devices are imagined that can only be realized through the use of man-made compounds. Many of these devices require high quality films in order to reach their highest potential. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is poised to become a key producer of high quality oxides. One of the most promising oxides is lithium niobate, LiNbO3, which can potentially deliver novel electronic, optic, and hybrid devices not currently possible. Growing lithium niobate using MBE is difficult. Several concepts are presented that will make this task easier. First, high temperature refractory metals can be delivered to the substrate through a novel use of low temperature chloride compounds such as niobium (V) chloride. This chloride chemistry allows low temperature sources to deliver high temperature materials to the substrate. Second, a precision, vapor-phase source and control system is prototyped for these chloride compounds achieving improved flux accuracy and expanding the capability of standard MBEs to support many sources. Chloride sources have high vapor pressures and are sensitive to temperature changes causing flux drift. The vapor-phase source removes the temperature sensitivity and eliminates thermal drifts. Third, a novel method of measuring flux with spontaneous ionzation current has been developed. This design utilizes a low noise design to measure femtoamp currents generated as an evaporant spontaneously ionizes. The measured current with additional predicted data has the potential for directly counting the atoms evaporated and controlling evaporation from a source. The design is sensitive enough to detect outgassing of the cell and cell "spitting" or other non-idealities. Monitoring these non-idealities can help improve other processes by ensuring the cell is fully outgassed and stable. Finally, a miniaturized RF induction cell prototype is shown that can eliminate the need for incandescent filaments in an oxide based MBE. The RF cell has the potential to increase reliability of MBEs for oxide work and achieve higher operating temperatures without the need for densely wound incandescent filaments or electron beam sources.

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Libros sobre el tema "MBW complex"

Solov’yov, Ilia A., Andrey V. Korol y Andrey V. Solov’yov. Multiscale Modeling of Complex Molecular Structure and Dynamics with MBN Explorer. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56087-8.

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Patel, Jaymin J. The MBA guide to networking like a rockstar: The ultimate guide to navigating the complex MBA landscape & developing personal relationships to stand out among top-caliber candidates. Place of publication not identified]: Exploration Impact Publishing, 2011.

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Kozhevina, Ol'ga y Natal'ya Salienko. Strategic change management. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1045608.

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The textbook is developed on the basis of competence-based and interdisciplinary approaches, contains theoretical foundations for the formation, change, development and improvement of organization management systems in a dynamic environment, as well as methodological aspects of the development and practical implementation of strategic changes. The publication examines the features of strategic changes, the technology of change management, reflects the models and principles of organizational changes, defines the prerequisites for the development of scenarios for the development of the organization, factors, conditions and mechanisms for the implementation of the change management strategy in the organization. The publication fully complies with the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students studying in the areas of training 38.03.02 "Management", 38.03.03 "Personnel Management", 38.03.04 "State and municipal management". It will also be useful for students of MBA programs, advanced training courses and professional training of managerial personnel, senior students of economic specialties of universities, graduate students, teachers, practitioners and anyone interested in the problems of effective development of organizations based on the approach of organizational change.

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Holsberry, Christopher. MBA Managerial Economics: Complex and Simple. Lulu Press, Inc., 2015.

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Korol, Andrey V., Ilia A. Solov’yov y Andrey V. Solov’yov. Multiscale Modeling of Complex Molecular Structure and Dynamics with MBN Explorer. Springer, 2017.

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Korol, Andrey V., Ilia A. Solov’yov y Andrey V. Solov’yov. Multiscale Modeling of Complex Molecular Structure and Dynamics with MBN Explorer. Springer, 2018.

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Biggar, Patrick, Hansjörg Rothe y Markus Ketteler. Epidemiology of calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone disturbances in chronic kidney disease. Editado por David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0109_update_001.

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Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD), calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone are biomarkers of mortality and cardiovascular risk. Hyperphosphataemia is a prominent and pathophysiologically most plausible risk indicator. Calcium balance and load appear to be more important than serum concentrations. Parathyroid hormone is a less reliable marker with a relatively wide range extending above that applicable for a normal population especially when used as a singular laboratory parameter without additional assessment of bone metabolism, for example, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and bone biopsy. There is not a single prospective controlled hard-outcome study that provides us with unequivocal evidence that such an isolated laboratory parameter-based treatment approach will lead to significant clinical improvements. As CKD-MBD is complex, clinical decisions would be made easier by informative prospective trials.

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Braun Binder, Nadja, Lars P. Feld, Peter M. Huber, Klaus Poier y Fabian Wittreck, eds. Jahrbuch für direkte Demokratie 2020. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748928782.

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Volume 10 of the Yearbook for Direct Democracy comprises four essays. They deal with direct democracy from a cultural-philosophical perspective, with participation in environmentally relevant projects in Germany, with developments in the European Citizens' Initiative, and with transparency in political financing in Switzerland. Two further contributions report on recent developments in Switzerland and Germany. The overview of case law covers key decisions on direct democracy. Two documentations, a list of new literature and a review make the yearbook complete. With contributions by Prof. Dr. Odile Ammann; Prof. Dr. Nadja Braun Binder, MBA; Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Lars P. Feld; Prof. Dr. Peter M. Huber; Prof. Dr. Matthias Knauff; Eliane Kunz; Liliane Obrecht; Prof. Dr. Arne Pautsch; Prof. Dr. Klaus Poier; Dipl.-pol. Frank Rehmet; Prof. Dr. Andreas Urs Sommer; Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher; Prof. Dr. Daniela Winkler and Prof. Dr. Fabian Wittreck.

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Dedekind, Friedrich. Grobianus; or, the Compleat Gentleman. an Ironical Poem. in Three Books. Done into English, from the Original Latin of Friderick Dedekindus, the Second Edition. to Which Is Added, a Receipt to Make Maw Wallop. by Roger Bull Esq. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "MBW complex"

Solov’yov, Ilia A., Andrey V. Korol y Andrey V. Solov’yov. "Introduction to Computational Meso-Bio-Nano (MBN) Science and MBN Explorer". En Multiscale Modeling of Complex Molecular Structure and Dynamics with MBN Explorer, 1–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56087-8_1.

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Solov’yov, Ilia A., Andrey V. Korol y Andrey V. Solov’yov. "Computational Modelling of MBN Systems". En Multiscale Modeling of Complex Molecular Structure and Dynamics with MBN Explorer, 97–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56087-8_3.

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Solov’yov, Ilia A., Andrey V. Korol y Andrey V. Solov’yov. "Collisional Processes Involving MBN Systems". En Multiscale Modeling of Complex Molecular Structure and Dynamics with MBN Explorer, 323–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56087-8_9.

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Björner, Anders. "“Let Δ be a Cohen-Macaulay complex …”". En The Mathematical Legacy of Richard P. Stanley, 105–18. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090//mbk/100/06.

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Rai, Harpreet y Avneet Kaur. "Design Strategies for an MBR System for a Complex Influent". En Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 17–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9554-7_2.

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Hochster, Melvin. "Cohen-Macaulay varieties, geometric complexes, and combinatorics". En The Mathematical Legacy of Richard P. Stanley, 219–29. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090//mbk/100/13.

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Solov’yov, Ilia A., Andrey V. Korol y Andrey V. Solov’yov. "Novel and Emerging Technologies". En Multiscale Modeling of Complex Molecular Structure and Dynamics with MBN Explorer, 373–402. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56087-8_10.

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Solov’yov, Ilia A., Andrey V. Korol y Andrey V. Solov’yov. "Future Outlook". En Multiscale Modeling of Complex Molecular Structure and Dynamics with MBN Explorer, 403–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56087-8_11.

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Solov’yov, Ilia A., Andrey V. Korol y Andrey V. Solov’yov. "Theoretical Approaches for Multiscale Computer Simulations". En Multiscale Modeling of Complex Molecular Structure and Dynamics with MBN Explorer, 43–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56087-8_2.

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Solov’yov, Ilia A., Andrey V. Korol y Andrey V. Solov’yov. "Atomic Clusters and Nanoparticles". En Multiscale Modeling of Complex Molecular Structure and Dynamics with MBN Explorer, 121–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56087-8_4.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "MBW complex"

Lee, H. C., A. Hariz, P. D. Dapkus, A. Kost, M. Kawase y E. Garmire. "Room Temperature Excitonic Nonlinear Absorption in GaAs/AlGaAs Multiple Quantum Well Structures Grown By Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD)*". En Photonic Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/phs.1987.fa2.

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Room temperature excitonic nonlinear absorption in multiple quantum wells (MQW) has great potential for making low-power high-speed optical switching devices. The required ultrathin multilayers have been grown by both molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Efficient, narrow-linewidth luminescence and low-threshold laser operation have been achieved in MQW's with both techniques. However, virtually all of the reported work to date dealing with nonlinear optical properties has employed MBE-grown materials [1], [2], [3]. The implementation of arrays of photonic switches in optical computing and processing systems will require large area devices with uniformity that exceeds the capability of current technology. The potential advantages of MOCVD for large area, multiple wafer growth of these complex structures provides motivation to explore this technique for their fabrication. In this paper, the growth by MOCVD of GaAs/AlGaAs MQW structures that exhibit narrow-line, room temperature excitonic absorption are reported. We further describe the linear and nonlinear optical properties of these structures and discuss the implications of this work for the construction of large area arrays of switches.

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Ruemler, Shawn P., Kyle E. Zimmerman, Nathan W. Hartman, Thomas Hedberg y Allison Barnard Feeney. "Promoting Model-Based Definition to Establish a Complete Product Definition". En ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8702.

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The manufacturing industry is evolving and starting to use 3D models as the central knowledge artifact for product data and product definition, or what is known as Model-based Definition (MBD). The Model-based Enterprise (MBE) uses MBD as a way to transition away from using traditional paper-based drawings and documentation. As MBD grows in popularity, it is imperative to understand what information is needed in the transition from drawings to models so that models represent all the relevant information needed for processes to continue efficiently. Finding this information can help define what data is common amongst different models in different stages of the lifecycle, which could help establish a Common Information Model. The Common Information Model is a source that contains common information from domain specific elements amongst different aspects of the lifecycle. To help establish this Common Information Model, information about how models are used in industry within different workflows needs to be understood. To retrieve this information, a survey mechanism was administered to industry professionals from various sectors. Based on the results of the survey a Common Information Model could not be established. However, the results gave great insight that will help in further investigation of the Common Information Model.

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Molter, L. A. y M. Dutta. "Exact determination of complex refractive indices of multiple quantum-well slab waveguides". En OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fj5.

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Optical waveguides and waveguide devices formed by incorporating multiple-quantum-well (MQW) layers into the guiding or adjacent nonguiding regions are of particular interest for switching and other signal-processing applications because of their nonlinear properties. In this work, slab waveguides and waveguide couplers are analyzed exactly to determine the propagation constants, indices of refraction, and shapes of the modes supported by structures formed by an arbitrary number of MQW layers of differing composition. A complex index of refraction represents the dielectric and absorptive properties of each layer composing the MQW region; these values are then used in computer simulations that form matrix representations of the field variables to match the boundary conditions between each pair of layers. Thus, the complex propagation constants of each mode of a guiding structure formed by any number of layers are computed without explicitly writing and matching expressions for the fields at each boundary. Values obtained for propagation constants and effective indices of the modes of isolated waveguides and waveguide couplers will be compared with those obtained by means of a variety of approximations that substitute weighted averages of the indicesof the individual layers for the index of the MQW region.

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Scheer, Fabian, Moritz Loos y Markus Neumann. "Model-based tracking on conveyor belts: Evaluation and practical results in the automotive industry". En WSCG'2021 - 29. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision'2021. Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/csrn.2021.3101.18.

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Model based tracking (MBT) of painted cars in the automotive mass production on conveyor belts with robots is a challenging task. Many disturbing sources that have an impact on the MBT exist, like the influence of the localized work illumination, the synchronization of the MBT to the conveyor belt, reflections in the paint, variants of the cars and the complexity of the used CAD models. By having such complex systems the mere assessment of the accuracy and stability of MBT approaches by literature can be hard. A real world application is necessary for a better understanding. Therefore, we present the evaluation of MBT for a robotic gap measurement system on painted cars. The influence of local lighting and car paint is analysed in detail regarding the MBT accuracy. To reduce complexity considering the car variants on a production line, we evaluated the MBT with different model setups and show the influence on the MBT results. Regarding MBT in a complex calibrated system that runs twenty-four-seven, a broken or slightly displaced camera should not have a huge impact like a loss of production. For this reason, we present a method to exchange a camera within minutes and without a loss of the overall accuracy. The method relies on a separate test specimen and is evaluated in detail. The presented evaluations can help researchers and the industry to better understand and assess the influence and correlations of different error sources or disturbing factors for the usage of MBT in complex conveyor belt based robotic applications

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Eisner, Ann E., Stephen A. Burns, George W. Hughes y Robert H. Webb. "Evaluating the Photoreceptor/RPE Complex with an SLO". En Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1990.mb4.

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New technology has allowed us to realize the potential of imaging reflectometry in the fundus, as well as better understand the optical factors contributing to measurements. We are mapping photopigment density of human retinas to investigate photoreceptor/retinal epithelial function. We compare maps obtained from reflectometry with results from psychophysical techniques that measure photopigment optical density and visual function. These comparisons can be made across retinal eccentricity and retinal illuminance in the same observer.

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Jiang, Peng, Xiaohan Wang, Yu Zheng y Lei Zhou. "Product information network modeling based on MBD and complex network". En 2017 IEEE 3rd Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itoec.2017.8122360.

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Wang, Jian, Yangsheng Hua, Chongyi Fan y Xiaotao Huang. "Precise Scatter Estimation of Complex Bridges with Portable MMW SAR". En 2022 7th International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsip55141.2022.9887207.

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Scheer, Fabian, Moritz Loos y Markus Neumann. "Model-based tracking on conveyor belts: Evaluation and practical results in the automotive industry". En WSCG'2021 - 29. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision'2021. Západočeská univerzita, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/csrn.2021.3002.18.

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Model based tracking (MBT) of painted cars in the automotive mass production on conveyor belts with robots is a challenging task. Manydisturbing sources that have an impact on the MBTexist, like the influence of the localized work illumination, the synchronization of the MBTto the conveyor belt, reflections in the paint, variants of the cars and the complexity of the used CAD models. By having such complex systems the mere assessment of the accuracy and stability of MBT approaches by literature can be hard. A real world application is necessary for a better understanding. Therefore, we present the evaluation of MBT for a robotic gap measurement system onpainted cars. The influence of local lighting and car paint is analysed in detail regarding the MBT accuracy. To reduce complexity considering the car variants on a production line,we evaluated the MBT with different model setups and show the influence on the MBTresults. Regarding MBT in a complex calibrated system that runs twenty-four-seven, a broken or slightly displaced camera should not have a huge impact like a loss of production. For this reason,we present a method to exchange a camera within minutes andwithout a loss of the overall accuracy. The method relies on a separate test specimen and isevaluated in detail. The presented evaluations can help researchers and the industry to better understand and assess the influence and correlations of different error sources or disturbing factors for the usage of MBT in complex conveyor belt based robotic applications.

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Caloz, C. "Electromagnetic space, time and space-time processing for MMW and THz technology". En 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compem.2015.7052539.

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Mosalanejad, Mohhamad, Gholamreza Moradi y Abdolali Abdipour. "An inverted microstrip resonator for complex permittivity measurement of medium loss liquids using 3D-FDTD simulation". En 2010 10th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmw.2010.5605099.

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Informes sobre el tema "MBW complex"

Goldstein, Neal. Epidemiology Blog of Neal D. Goldstein, PhD, MBI. Neal D. Goldstein, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/goldsteinepi.

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Musings on topics related to epidemiology, epidemiological methods, public and clinical health. Written by Neal D. Goldstein, PhD, MBI. Dr. Goldstein is an Associate Professor of Epidemiology at the Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health. With a background in biomedical informatics, he focuses on computational approaches in complex data settings, especially electronic health records and disease surveillance, to understand infectious disease transmission. This has been demonstrated through his work with blood borne pathogens (HIV and hepatitis C), COVID-19, vaccine preventable diseases, and healthcare associated infections.

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Ayele, Seife, Wei Shen, Tadesse Kuma Worako, Lucy H. Baker y Samson Hadush. Renewable Energy Procurement in Ethiopia: Overcoming Obstacles in Procurement from Independent Power Producers. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), diciembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.064.

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Developing countries are increasingly using auctions for the procurement of utility-scale renewable electricity, due to the potential for attracting private investment. However, auction design and implementation can face serious obstacles due to complex context-specific factors. In 2017, Ethiopia launched its Public–Private Partnership (PPP) policy and procurement framework to promote infrastructure development, including electricity generation. Since 2018, it has organised renewable energy auctions to procure new capacity from independent power producers (IPPs). However, the new framework faces numerous challenges. Using a literature review and primary data from more than 70 interviews and from stakeholder consultations, this study explores the political economy challenges and opportunities facing IPP project preparation, decision-making, coordination and implementation, and risks to investors. To date, Ethiopia has held two rounds of tenders to procure 1,000 megawatts (MW) of electricity from eight projects; the first tender for two solar photovoltaic (PV) projects led to the signing of Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and was hailed as one of the cheapest tariff rates in sub-Saharan Africa, at US$2.526 cents/kilowatt hour (kWh) over 25 years. However, none of the projects have yet become operational. This study also finds fault lines impeding the implementation of IPP projects, including the risk of foreign currency availability and convertibility of Ethiopian birr to expatriate profits. It proposes measures to overcome these obstacles and mitigate risks, to put Ethiopia on course to achieve universal access to electricity by 2030.

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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova y Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.

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The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.

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Landau, Sergei Yan, John W. Walker, Avi Perevolotsky, Eugene D. Ungar, Butch Taylor y Daniel Waldron. Goats for maximal efficacy of brush control. United States Department of Agriculture, marzo de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587731.bard.

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Background. Brush encroachment constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Israel. We addressed the issue of efficacy of livestock herbivory - in the form of goat browsing - to change the ecological balance to the detriment of the shrub vegetation. Shrub consumption by goats is kept low by plant chemical defenses such as tannins and terpenes. Scientists at TAES and ARO have developed an innovative, cost-effective methodology using fecal Near Infrared Spectrometry to elucidate the dietary percentage of targeted, browse species (terpene-richredberry and blueberry juniper in the US, and tannin-rich Pistacialentiscus in Israel) for a large number of animals. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to clarify the relative preference of goat breeds and the individual variation of goats within breeds, when consuming targeted brush species; 2. to assess the heritability of browse intake and validate the concept of breeding goat lines that exhibit high preference for chemically defended brush, using juniper as a model; 3. to clarify the relative contributions of genetics and learning on the preference for target species; 4. to identify mechanisms that are associated with greater intake of brush from the two target species; 5. to establish when the target species are the most vulnerable to grazing. (Issue no.5 was addressed only partly.) Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Both the Israel and US scientists put significant efforts into improving and validating the technique of Fecal NIRS for predicting the botanical composition of goat diets. Israeli scientists validated the use of observational data for calibrating fecal NIRS, while US scientists established that calibrations could be used across animals differing in breed and age but that caution should be used in making comparisons between different sexes. These findings are important because the ability to select goat breeds or individuals within a breed for maximal efficiency of brush control is dependent upon accurate measurement of the botanical composition of the diet. In Israel it was found that Damascus goats consume diets more than twice richer in P. lentiscus than Mamber or Boer goats. In the US no differences were found between Angora and Boer cross goats but significant differences were found between individuals within breeds in juniper dietary percentage. In both countries, intervention strategies were found that further increased the consumption of the chemically defended plant. In Israel feeding polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4,000) that forms high-affinity complexes with tannins increased P. lentiscus dietary percentage an average of 7 percentage units. In the US feeding a protein supplement, which enhances rates of P450-catalyzed oxidations and therefore the rate of oxidation of monoterpenes, increased juniper consumption 5 percentage units. However, the effects of these interventions were not as large as breed or individual animal effects. Also, in a wide array of competitive tannin-binding assays in Israel with trypsin, salivary proteins did not bind more tannic acid or quebracho tannin than non-specific bovine serum albumin, parotid saliva did not bind more tannins than mixed saliva, no response of tannin-binding was found to levels of dietary tannins, and the breed effect was of minor importance, if any. These fundings strongly suggest that salivary proteins are not the first line of defense from tannin astringency in goats. In the US relatively low values for heritability and repeatability for juniper consumption were found (13% and 30%, respectively), possibly resulting from sampling error or non-genetic transfer of foraging behavior, i.e., social learning. Both alternatives seem to be true as significant variation between sequential observations were noted on the same animal and cross fostering studies conducted in Israel demonstrated that kids raised by Mamber goats showed lower propensity to consume P. lentiscus than counterparts raised by Damascus goats.

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