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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Matières plastiques biodégradables – Biodégradation"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Matières plastiques biodégradables – Biodégradation"
Amy, G., J. F. Debroux, R. Arnold y L. G. Wilson. "Emploi de la pré-ozonation pour augmenter la biodégradabilité d'un effluent secondaire dans un système de traitement par inflitration dans le sol". Revue des sciences de l'eau 9, n.º 3 (12 de abril de 2005): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705258ar.
Texto completoWoolschlager, J. y B. E. Rittmann. "Que mesurent les tests de CODB et de COA ?" Revue des sciences de l'eau 8, n.º 3 (12 de abril de 2005): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705229ar.
Texto completoMoretti-Cartaillac, Alain y Fabienne Héron. "Le verdissement des produits de ressuage : une approche éco-responsable pour le contrôle non-destructif". e-journal of nondestructive testing 28, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.58286/28471.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Matières plastiques biodégradables – Biodégradation"
Cazaudehore, Guillaume. "Méthanisation des plastiques biodégradables : performances et diversité microbienne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PAUU3002.
Texto completoGrowing concern regarding non-biodegradable plastics and the impact of these materials on the environment has promoted interest in biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics offer additional waste management options (e.g., anaerobic digestion or composting) over conventional plastics. However, the treatment of biodegradable plastics under anaerobic digestion is only in its infancy. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the fate of biodegradable plastics in anaerobic digestion systems and the microorganisms involved in the plastic conversion to methane.For this purpose, batch anaerobic digestion experiments were performed on the main biodegradable polymers and on three commercial blends of biodegradable polymer, under both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Only Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and Thermoplastic starch (TPS) exhibited rapid (25-50 days) and important (57-80.3% and 80.2-82.6%, respectively) conversion to methane under both mesophilic and thermophilic condition. Methane production rates from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was very low under mesophilic condition, to such an extent that 500 days were required to reach the ultimate methane production, corresponding to a PLA conversion to methane of 74.7-80.3%. Methane production rate from PLA was greatly enhanced under thermophilic condition since only 60 to 100 days were required to reach the same ultimate methane production. Lactate-utilizing bacteria such as Tepidimicrobium, Moorella and Tepidanaerobacter were revealed to be important during the thermophilic digestion of PLA. Similarly, starch-degrading bacteria (from Clostridium genus) were highlighted during TPS digestion at 38 °C and 58°C. Previously known PHB degraders (i.e., Enterobacter, Ilyobacter delafieldii and Cupriavidus) were observed during mesophilic and thermophilic AD of PHB. The low biodegradation rate of most of the biodegradable plastics in mesophilic anaerobic digesters is a major hindrance to their introduction at industrial scale. Thermal (at 120 or 150 °C) and thermo-alkaline (at 70°C or 90 °C with calcium hydroxide addition) pretreatments were successfully implemented on PLA. These strategies were tested on PLA, which is one of the main biodegradable polymer, accounting for 25% of the biodegradable plastic production. PLA pretreated with these treatments, achieved biodegradation yield of 73% after 15-20 days; a similar biodegradation yield was obtained after 500 days for untreated PLA.PHB and PLA are among the most studied polymer to replace conventional plastics. Finally, the stability and performances of the co-digestion of these plastics (with and without PLA pretreatment) with food wastes fed semi-continuously under mesophilic conditions was investigated. The addition of biodegradable plastics resulted in a more stable process (in comparison with stand-alone biowastes reactor) and no negative effects could be detected. PHB was estimated to be fully biodegraded in the reactors. By contrast, PLA was accumulating in the reactor, and an average biodegradation of 47.6% was estimated during the third hydraulic retention time. Thermo-alkaline pretreatment of PLA improved the biodegradation yield of PLA to 77.5%. The identification of specific microorganisms implicated in the biodegradable plastic degradation was complicated; the majority of the microorganisms correlated with the methane production from reactors co-digesting PLA and PHB were implicated in the anaerobic digestion of the biowaste, which can be explained by the low proportion of biodegradable plastics introduced
Longieras, Antoine. "Mise au point d'un milieu solide inerte pour l'étude de la biodégradation des polymères dans le compost". Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000336.pdf.
Texto completoThe purpose of our research was to set up a vermiculite based inert solid medium which allows us to enhance reproductibility of biodegradation tests in compost, to simulate degradation of materials in compost and to establish carbon balance. In a first step, wheat starch has been used as a model biodegradable polymer and we have shown that degradation of this product in an inert solid medium was similar to the degradation in compost. A carbon balance has been established with a satisfactory accuracy. In a second step, we have applied the method to the degradation of synthetic biodegradable polymer such as PLA of PHB. A carbon extraction protocol based on PLA hydrolysis in NaOH has been proposed and we have followed the evolution of the various terms of the PLA degradation carbon balance, Biomass, carbon dioxide, soluble by-products and remaining polymer. A different protocol has been proposed of PHB based on biomass oxidation but it still needs some improvement. This work constitutes a first approach in polymer inert solid media degradation tests and it highlights the fundamental steps which further work should be focused on
Divers, Thomas. "Modification chimique de l'amidon par l'acide formique à l'usage d'additif pour polymère biodégradable". Lorient, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LORIS053.
Texto completoThis thesis was dedicated to the elaboration of a starch-based biodegradable plastic material. Starch is quite attractive for such an application, however its intrinsic properties are a drawback for the development of these materials. Among the available methods to overcome this problem, we chose to investigate the chemical modification of starch using formic acid. We firstly studied O-Formylation of starch. We assessed the influence of various reaction parameters on the physico-chemical and structural properties of starch. We then studied
Peyrat, Eric. "Nouveau composite biodégradable obtenu à partir de maïs plante entière : étude du procédé de transformation thermo-mécano-chimique en extrudeur bi-vis et de la mise en forme par injection-moulage". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT100G.
Texto completoBidoret, Aurélie. "Protection par encapsulation de l’enzyme lors de l’incorporation dans des plastiques biodégradables". Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT079F.
Texto completoThe development of biodegradable plastics by incorporating of enzymes is one of the potential solutions to the growing problems of domestic and industrial wastes. The objective of this thesis is to develop four existing encapsulation methods providing protection for the enzymes used in biodegradable plastics. The first method consist of forming polylacticacid (PLA) microspheres by using encapsulation by solvent evaporation
Abdillahi, Houssein. "Propriétes barrière et mécaniques d'agromatériaux thermoplastiques à base de farine de blé et de polyesters biosources et biodégradables". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0027.
Texto completoFrom basic and essential to unnecessary and optional consumer products, packaging, particularly plastic, is today an indispensable part of our daily life. Its extensive use in the food industry for a single use and for a short shelf-life encourages us today to move towards new renewable and biodegradable materials with similar characteristics than their counterparts from fossil resources. Biopolymers and biopolyesters blends can be a good alternative. Within the framework of this present work, wheat flour, thermoplasticised by glycerol and water, and biobased and biodegradable polyesters such as PLA and/or PHB, were blended using an industrial twin screw extruder and were injection-molded into thermoplastic materials. Thermal, dynamic thermomechanical, morphological, mechanical and barriers properties of these new materials were studied. Citric acid was used as a compatibilizer to improve the interface starch/PLA. The different investigations have allowed us to develop various types of formulations, with mechanical characteristics and barrier properties to water vapor, very attractive for manufacturing plastic food packaging which can be used for meats or cheeses. Food contact suitability and biodegradability of thermoplasticised wheat flour/polyester materials have also studied
Colak, Basak Yilin. "Utilisation du caséinate de sodium pour la fabrication de films actifs pour l’emballage alimentaire : étude des propriétés barrières aux gaz, de l’activité antimicrobienne et de la biodégradabilité". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4018/document.
Texto completoBecause food market becomes international, consumers are changing their habits and they are more concerned about food security and environmental issues, there are driving forces for the development of edible/biodegradable antimicrobial packaging films. However, fabrication process (solution-casting) of these kinds of films isn’t always suitable for a continuous industrial big production. The present study demonstrates the suitability of sodium caseinate based edible antimicrobial films to be fabricated by some conventional plastic transformation processes: twinscrew extrusion and blown-film extrusion. Thanks to the optimizations of elaboration parameters such as extrusion temperature, shear and plasticizer ratio, the materials incorporated with one of the following active agents: lysozyme, nisin or natamycin, partially kept their antimicrobial activity. Physical-chemical film characterization of films emphasized that the type of transformation process doesn’t have any influence on tensile or gas barrier properties. These properties are mainly affected by plasticizer type and content. Thus, sodium caseinate based edible antimicrobial films can be produced successfully by thermo-mechanical processes without losing good mechanical and gas barrier properties
Jacquin, Justine. "Ecotoxicologie microbienne des plastiques en mer : colonisation et biodégradation par la plastisphère". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS104.pdf.
Texto completoNowadays, plastic waste has invaded all of the world's marine ecosystems, sparing no area. The global demand for plastic continues to grow year after year, despite its dramatic impact on the environment when plastic is left in nature. It is estimated that each year between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes of plastics end up in the oceans. This PhD aims and works fall within the framework of this environmental emergency, by making possible to better identify the bacterial biofilms attached to different plastics (the so called "plastisphere) and to better characterize the biodegradation process of certain polymers in the marine environment. The first stage, was to analyse the microbial diversity of samples taken during two expeditions (the Tara-Mediterranean expedition and Tara-Pacific) in order to characterize the biogeography of bacterial biofilms specific to plastics. The comparison between samples from the Pacific and the Mediterranean see allow to highlight an ecological niche on the surface of plastics distinct from the surrounding water. Niche which is clearly influenced by geography, explained mainly by temperature. The taxonomic study revealed a "core microbiome" dominated by a genus affiliated to the cyanobacteria and families (Rhodobacteraceae and flavobacteraceae) known to be colonizers of plastic in the marine environment. Then, the bacterial colonization on different polymers was studied in aquarium using uninterrupted circulation of seawater collected continuously from the Banyuls Bay. The biodegradation process was studied using an artificial environment without any other carbon source than the polymer in order to mimic the marine environment, and by following several experimental parameters (Bacterial production, respiration, loss of mass). In our study we observed during the growth phase of the biofilm no specific microbial communities related to the nature of the polymers. The biodegradation process has been demonstrated on certain polymers such as PHBV, Bioplast, Mater-Bi and cellulose, in particular due to the bacterial activity maintained throughout the incubation. Next, a strain Alteromonas sp., isolated from the mature biofilm of the PHBV allow us to explore its biodegradation capabilities. The analysis of the genome of Alteromonas sp. revealed the presence of 4 depolymerases, with 3 external and 1 internal, explaining its ability to degrade PHBV. The study of the genome also revealed two pathways for the PHA synthesis, one allowing the synthesis of PHASCL and the other of PHAMCL. Finally, the study of the biodegradation of PHBV by a natural consortium was done using isotopic labelling of the polymer. This experiment, coupled with metagenomic analysis, allowed the study of functional communities that can assimilate the carbon of the polymer. Thus, this PhD work enhanced the identification of the bacterial communities inhabiting the biofilms developed on the surface of polymers (biodegradable and non-degradable), and also to refine the characterization of the biodegradation process in the marine environment owing the use of various parameters such as the bacterial production, respiration, weight loss, monitoring of labeled carbon and microscopy. These studies are essential for a better understanding of the biodegradation process of plastics at sea and thus to propose adaptations to the standards methods governing the marine environment and currently not very representative
Jamal, Mounia. "Evaluation de la biodégradation et de l'écotoxicité des films de paillage agricole : étude comparative et modélisation des tests de (bio)dégradabilité". Le Mans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LEMA1004.
Texto completoEl, Aalam Samira. "Sélection, croissance en milieu biphasique liquide/liquide d'une population mixte : application à la biodégradation microbienne du styrène et l'acrylonitrile". Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD587.
Texto completoLibros sobre el tema "Matières plastiques biodégradables – Biodégradation"
Galatea, Maman, ed. The plastic bag war: Paradoxes for the eco-citizen. [Paris]: Éd. Yago, 2006.
Buscar texto completoW, Shalaby Shalaby y Burg Karen J. L, eds. Absorbable biodegradable polymers: Contemporary topics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004.
Buscar texto completoLa guerre du pochon: Paradoxes pour un écocitoyen. [Paris]: Éd. Yago, 2006.
Buscar texto completoGreen biorenewable biocomposites: From knowledge to industrial applications. Oakville, Canada: Apple Academic Press, 2014.
Buscar texto completo1945-, Albertsson Ann-Christine y Huang Samuel J. 1937-, eds. Degradable polymers, recycling, andplastics waste management. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1995.
Buscar texto completoL, Reis Rui y San Román Julio, eds. Biodegradable systems in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2005.
Buscar texto completoL, Reis Rui y San Román Julio, eds. Biodegradable systems in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2005.
Buscar texto completoBiofiller-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymer Composites. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Buscar texto completoSapuan, S. M., H. Ismail y R. Jumaidin. Biofiller-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymer Composites. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Buscar texto completoSapuan, S. M., H. Ismail y R. Jumaidin. Biofiller-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymer Composites. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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