Tesis sobre el tema "Matériaux – Biocompatibilité"
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Bernard, Mélisande. "Etude de biocompatibilité des films à base de COC en tant que matériaux implantables". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS378.
Texto completoAbstract : The purpose of this work is the study of the in vitro biocompatibility of COC-based materials in order to evaluate their potential as implantable biomaterials.This evaluation is carried out by monitoring several parameters: cell viability / cytotoxicity, evaluation of oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions and hemocompatibility. A relationship between these biological responses and physicochemical properties of the studied materials has been apprehended.Results show a good biocompatibility of the tested films with a significant impact of the presence of additives (anti-oxidant and lubricant) on the evaluated biological and physicochemical parameters.The simulated effect of biological aging of these materials on their biocompatibility and physico-chemical characteristics has also been studied. Extreme pH and oxidation conditions, as well as contact with macrophages during 1 month, affect the surface and interaction of COC films with the biological environment without compromising their biocompatibility. The presence of additives also had an impact on these changes.Following a risk management logic, the systematization of the developed methods within the laboratory made it possible to obtain a simplified and validated approach, applicable to all natural or synthetic materials that could be used for manufacturing implantable medical devices
Velasquez, Diego. "Matériaux à base d’amidon pour un usage biomédical". Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=0fdf5046-f439-4da0-a9fd-93c48d6f41a2.
Texto completoThe main purpose of this study was to characterize pure starch-based materials from different botanical origins (potato, amylose-rich maize and amylopectin-rich maize waxy) and with different amounts of plasticizer under physiological conditions in order to predict their behavior when used. In biomedical applications, such as implantable biomedical devices. Characterizations under physiological conditions included swelling and determination of mechanical behaviour during mechanical compression. Furthermore, glycerol release, crystalline structure evolution, enzymatic hydrolysis and cell viability were also evaluated in simulated physiological conditions. Plasticized potato starch presented the best results in terms of mechanical behaviour, due to the presence of plasticizer and the evolution of its crystalline structure. In order to explore the in vivo response of starch-based materials, implantations were performed at 8 days and 30 days in a rat animal model, where potato starch induced a better host response. Finally, a specific approach in sialendoscopy using starch- based tubes was performed in the salivary ducts on a pig animal model, which permitted the validation of the animal model and the specifications for this type of materials
Esposito, Guy. "Amélioration de la biocompatibilité des matériaux pour dispositifs médicaux : développement de matériaux résistant aux rayonnements ionisants et de matériaux antithrombotiques". Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T266.
Texto completoBerruet, Régis Gilles. "Utilisation de composites polyépoxyde-carbone comme biomatériaux : biocompatibilité et biofonctionnalité du système". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10108.
Texto completoHelfer, Maxime. "Étude des matériaux de reconstruction prothétique odontologique en salive artificielle". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0296/document.
Texto completoIn dentistry, the loss of natural elements is made up for by the use of reconstruction biomaterials of metal or ceramic origin. The use of the latter is now fastly developing and tends to supersede metal, to have only "all ceramic" elements. All these materials will remain in the mouth of the patients for a long time, which creates optimal conditions for the appearance of corrosion phenomena. Saliva is indeed an effective electrolyte. The variations in pH, temperature and polymetalism increase the speed of corrosion and the release of the component elements. The present study concerns five alloys usually used in prosthetic dentistry: one noble, one high noble, three basic alloys and several ceramics of infrastructure to replace alloys: zirconia, alumina and lithium disilicate. All the samples undergo a salivary attack in statics, and a combination of salivary action and wear in dynamics thanks to a unique machine, simulating as exactly as possible the buccal conditions. The analysis of the samples in the S.E.M., as well as the spectrometry results, suggest that the Co-Cr alloy and titanium present an excellent behaviour. Ceramics also show remarkable properties on the biological plan, in spite of certain people's clinical experience. However, an important wear of the opposing natural teeth does not give them a perfect biocompatibility
Bonte, Eric. "Evaluation in vivo de la biocompatibilité d'un ciment au verre ionomère photopolymérisable". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05M182.
Texto completoRault, Isabelle. "Etude comparative de différentes méthodes de réticulations de biomatériaux à base de collagène : applications à la libération progressive de principes actifs". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10038.
Texto completoRousseau, Cécile. "Mise au point de nouveaux matériaux collagéniques réticulés : évaluation de leur biocompatibilité in vitro et in vivo : application à la prévention des adhérences postopératoires". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10024.
Texto completoDion, Isabelle. "Matériaux constitutifs de ventricules cardiaques artificiels : choix, mise en œuvre, caractérisations mécaniques et physico-chimiques, biocompatibilité, adéquation fonctionnelle". Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28202.
Texto completoEremia-Georgescu, Georgiana. "Ajout d'une charge minérale et création d'une porosité dans les ciments apatitiques à usage biologique". Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT014G.
Texto completoBourges, Xavier. "Études physico-chimiques d'un substitut osseux injectable et développements d'hydrogels durcissables in vivo". Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT22VS.
Texto completoDelcourt-Debruyne, Elisabeth. "Recherches expérimentales sur le comblement de lésions osseuses par une céramique phosphatée originale chez le miniporc "Pitman-Moore" : étude clinique, radiographique, microradiographique, histologique et ultrastructurale". Lille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL2D203.
Texto completoAnnarelli, Céline Claire. "Etude de l'adsorption des protéines à la surface de biomatériaux : nouvelles méthodes de classification des interactions BSA-matériaux prothétiques". Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10016.
Texto completoOlivier, Florian. "Elaboration, caractérisation, dopages et évaluations in vitro et in vivo de matériaux hybrides : Tissus de fibres de carbone / Phosphates de calcium". Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2052/document.
Texto completoOptimization of the synthesis of calcium phosphates (CaP) on carbon fiber cloths (TFC) was performed in using sono-electrodeposition process in order to obtain uniform coatings. The electrochemical potential applied and the electrolyte temperature during the synthesis were determined as being key parameters. For a constant potential of -1 V at 70 ° C, a controlled water electrolysis regime results in the deposit of plate-like calcium-deficient apatite (CDA). This plate-like particles (from a few tens to hundreds of nm in length) consist in an ordered structure of carbonated CDA in their core and in a disordered structure in the hydrated surface, a typical organization of biomimetic apatites. The hybrid material was doped with strontium, resulting in a carbonated CDA coating where the Ca²+ ions are controllably substituted by Sr²+ ions, leading to new properties for a bone regeneration application. This work has also shown the possibility of selectively adsorb targeted active molecules (tetracycline, naproxen, aspirin) in each component of the hybrid material. The desorption curves revealed two modes of release depending on the active molecule.A biological evaluation of the different hybrid materials was carried out. The in vitro study investigated the viability and proliferation of human osteoblasts at the surface of hybrid materials, demonstrating their biocompatibility. The interest of a doping (Sr²+, aspirin and naproxen) on osteoblast activity was demonstrated. An in vivo pilot experiment was conducted, through the creation of a bone defect in rat thighbones to study the influence of TFC/CaP biomaterials on the quantitative and qualitative evolutions of bone regeneration
Rogier, Robert. "Matériaux composites à matrice d'aluminophosphate de calcium et à renforcement d'inclusions métalliques biocompatibles : étude des propriétés thermiques, élastiques et mécaniques". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20202.
Texto completoLeprêtre, Stéphane. "Fonctionnalisation d'hydroxyapatite poreuse pour la délivrance prolongée d'antibiotiques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10165.
Texto completoBone presents a complex structure, a delicate balance between the constituent cells. The many well-identified and documented diseases that can affect it remain difficult to treat. The removal of the bony parts affected by cancer or osteomyelitis, generally leads to the use of substitute materials. The consequences of such a surgical act can be infection, or the recurrence of the lesion development. The goal of our work was to treat a porous substrate of hydroxyapatite (HA), which has a similar constitution as bone, in order to improve the propenies of controlled release of antibiotics and to obtain an "activated" bone substitute that is efficient against postoperative infections. The phenomenon of controlled release was obtained by the incorporation and fixation of cyclodextrin in the porous structure of the HA and by cross-linking it with a polycarboxylic acid. Once the process and functionalization parameters established, in vitro studies were conducted to verify the biocompatibility of the system. Finally, we could measure an increase of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin adsorption capacity of the treated HA, followed by a in vitro release kinetics prolonged in time
Guo, Yaofeng. "Bêta-Bcc et alliages amorphes biocompatibles à base de titane pour les implants". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI017/document.
Texto completoThe Ti-based biocompatible human body implants of low Young's modulus and without toxic elements are developed in two regime of materials, crystalline Ti-Nb(-Sn) based alloys and amorphous Ti-Fe-Si based alloys. A series of Ti-Nb(-Sn) alloys were synthesized by copper mould suction casting and subjected to different heat treatments (furnace cooling or water quenching). The microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of the as-cast and heat treated samples were investigated. It is shown that the addition of Sn increases the stability of the β phase. The Young's moduli of these alloys were also measured by ultrasonic measurements. Water-quenched Ti74Nb26 alloy was found to exhibits the lowest Young's modulus. Sn addition has little impact on the Young's moduli of the TiNb alloys. The Ti-Fe-Si based amorphous alloys were synthesized by melt spinning. The glass forming ability, thermal properties and corrosion properties of Ti-Fe-Si based alloys were investigated. The glassy compositions were designed according to the deep eutectic rule. It was found that the region near ternary eutectic point (Ti65Fe30Si5) is an icosahedral quasicrystal forming region, whereas the steeper side (Si rich side) of this ternary eutectic point is the glass forming region. Effect of minor elemental addition (Ge, Pd, Zr) on glass forming ability of the Ti-Fe-Si based alloys was also studied. The in situ observation of amorphization of Ti40Zr10Cu34Pd14Sn2 glassy alloy in synchrotron beam was conducted. The alloy was successfully vitrified in an aerodynamic levitation apparatus
Nitcheu, Gisèle. "Culture organotypique du tissu gingival humain : application à l'évaluation de la cytocompatibilité des matériaux dentaires". Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD758.
Texto completoBelenet, Hubert de. "Les prothèses de remplacement des ligaments croisés du genou : les différents matériaux utilisés : contribution à l'étude de la biocompatibilité des fibres de polyéthylène HD et de kevlar : étude expérimentale". Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25389.
Texto completoAllouch, Mohamed. "Nouveaux matériaux tensioactifs non ioniques monodispersés hydrogenés et fluorés sur la base d'aminoacides". Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10012.
Texto completoSeon-Lutz, Morgane. "Élaboration et caractérisation de matériaux nanofibreux fonctionnels à base d’acide hyaluronique et de nanoparticules lipidiques pour des applications à usage biomédical". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE026.
Texto completoHyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide for which biocompatibility and bioactivity properties make it a very interesting compound as wound dressings. In this work, biocompatible insoluble HA-based nanofibrous dressings were designed by electrospinning in pure water in order to overcome any toxicity issues. To this purpose, poly(vinyl alcohol) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin were added to form uniform nanofibrous scaffolds. An in situ crosslinking process of the scaffolds is also investigated to ensure the stability of the fibrous structure during the use of the dressing. For opening the scope of wound application, various pathways of functionalization of these materials have been envisaged. The first one was the direct impregnation of naproxen, a model drug with anti-inflammatory properties, into the scaffolds either in aqueous solution or under supercritical CO2. The second way is based on the incorporation, within nanofibers, of lipid nanoparticles in which drugs can be encapsulated and then delivered to its wound sites
Demianenko, Pavlo. "Développement de matériaux polymères à haute perméabilité d’oxygène". Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA1008/document.
Texto completoTo design a material for contact lens application, the candidate materials must satisfy several requirements, including theoptical transparency, the chemical and thermal stability. In addition, since the material is directly in contact with the eyetissue, it should be tear wettable, biocompatible, biofouling resistant and oxygen permeable. Oxygen permeability (Dk) isan important parameter for the contact lens design as it is representative of the lens ability to diffuse oxygen at the eye.In this context, we are following two ways for a new formulation answering to these constrains. First, this research is focusedon the simultaneous or two-step synthesis of IPNs (interpenetrating polymer network) as a means to obtain a cocontinuousphases structure. Among the available biocompatible monomers, the work was initially focused on the achievement of IPN's based on a fluorinated acrylate - TFEM (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) and the 1 -vinyl-2 -pyrrolidone (NVP). Such a system is compared to IPN's based on a siloxane monomer - TRIS (3 - [tris (trimethylsiloxy) silyl] propyl methacrylate]), well known in the field of contact lens thanks to its properties of oxygen transport. These systems are chosen as a reference. In a second part, our research was concentrated on the development of IPN based on alginate and polyacrylamide which have demonstrated attractive properties for biomedical applications, especially their mechanical properties. Several formulations of biocompatible hydrogels were prepared and the influence of their composition on the interest properties is described. These hydrogels are characterized from a chemical point of view by FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS chromatography, from themorphological point of view by SEM microscopy in order to prove the presence of co-continuous phases. The mechanicalproperties were also investigated. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine and quantify theabsorbed water in its various thermodynamic states. The oxygen permeability was measured by polarographicelectrochemical method and relations between this parameter and gel swelling and structural properties discussed. Anotherpart of the project is computational simulation of hydrogel systems and its physico-chemical properties. Especially, wewere focused on modeling of various physic-chemical processes in hydrogels such as their swelling in water anddiffusion of gases molecules. We used molecular dynamics method (MD) with the COMPASS force field to be able tomodel polymer systems widely used in contact lens field
Strakosas, Xenofon. "Integration of proteins with organic electrochemical transistors for sensing applications". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0774/document.
Texto completoThe rising field of bioelectronics, which couples the realms of electronics and biology, holds huge potential for the development of novel biomedical devices for therapeutics and diagnostics. Organic electronic devices are particularly promising; the use of robust organic electronic materials provides an ideal bio-interface due to their reported biocompatibility, and mechanical matching between the sensor element and the biological environment, are amongst the advantages unique to this class of materials. One promising device emerging from this field is the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT). The OECT combines properties and characteristics that can be tuned for a wide spectrum of biological applications. These applications have allowed the development of OECTs to sense local ionic/biomolecular and single cell activity, as well as characterization of tissue and even monitoring of function of whole organs. The OECT is an extremely versatile device that emerges as an important player for therapeutics and diagnostics.The use of organic materials, such as conducting polymers, makes the OECT tunable for a wide range of applications. For example, OECTs have been used for sensing applications. A representative example is the glucose sensor. The OECT has been used as glucose sensor and has shown high sensitivities and low limit of detection for concentrations at the nanomolar range. However, apart from high sensitivities, stability and reproducibility are common necessities for long term applications. For example, it is of equal importance for these sensors to continuously record variations of glucose for diabetic patients, since multiple measurements per day without failure are necessary. Additionally, stability is necessary for implantable sensors. For brain cells such as neurons, glucose is the main energy source. Thus recording modulations of glucose levels before or during an epileptic crisis will enhance our understanding of this disease. Long-term stabilities for these sensors can be achieved through biofunctionalization, which is a method to attach a biomolecule to a device. For long term applications a covalent binding of the biomolecule is preferred. Biofunctionalization of conducting polymers, which are used as active materials in OECTs, is a mandatory step that can enhance OECT properties such as biocompatibility, stability, and functionality. In this work, different biofunctionalization methods of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with tosylate anions (PEDOT:TOS) or doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) have been explored. The biofunctionalization methods have led to improvements for different applications such as better interfaces with living cells, and better stability for enzymatic sensors. Additionally, we have employed the use of ionic liquids in combination with cross-linkable polymers as alternative solid state electrolytes. These electrolytes are improving the stability of recordings in electrophysiology. Finally, in vitro measurements of metabolic activities in cells have been explored. The monitoring of glucose uptake and its conversion to lactate is a sensitive indicator of the viability of these cells. Furthermore, in the presence of toxic compounds and pathogens, the nature or kinetics of these metabolic activities is getting affected. Therefore, OECTs used for glucose and lactate sensing can at the same time be used for Immunosensing
Wilfinger, Claudia-Antonella. "Fabrication of full soft diamond implants for functional rehabilitation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UEFL2025.
Texto completoThe development of new biomedical technologies permits to help people suffering from the loss of motor or cognitive functions to partially recover from their loss. Neural study highlighted the electrical nature of brain signals, leading to the fabrication of implants interfacing with them. The recording and stimulation of different parts of the central nervous system were made possible through implants. Nevertheless, introducing a foreign object into the human body is not without consequences, as materials used to fabricate implants should be stiff enough to endure the body’s attacks but should not harm the surrounding tissues. Given these requirements, a material has recently gained attention: diamond. It can be synthetized in labs and used in conventional microtechnology processes to fabricate diamond-based devices. Diamond can either be an electrical insulator in its “natural” state, meaning a simple carbon lattice, or acquire a metallic-like conduction if doped enough with boron. The excellent biocompatibility of the carbonated crystal places it as a serious candidate in terms of electrode material. The chemical, electrochemical and mechanical properties, guarantee an inert, solid and reliable material. The PhD work was focused around diamond material, to fabricate a full-diamond implant. This means that intrinsic polycrystalline diamond was used as a protection layer of the device, while the electrodes sites were made of boron-doped conductive diamond (BDD). The obtained device was designed to record signals from the brain. To do this, the control of the structuring of diamond is essential to be able to use it within microtechnological processes. It was chosen to make localized growths of diamond, both intrinsic and doped, using aluminum nitride (AlN) as a masking layer. The growth rate, the chemical composition and the analysis of the surface condition confirmed the good handling of the diamond process. Another key point to consider when fabricating the implants is the choice of materials that will carry the electrical signals. The development of the conductive layer was done by combining titanium nitride (TiN) and platinum (Pt) to take advantage of both materials. The encapsulation of platinum by TiN resulted in conductive tracks capable of withstanding the growth conditions of diamond without any damage. Following the fabrication of the diamond implants, characterization must be performed. Two electrochemical analysis procedures were therefore used to examine the BDD electrodes and probe the material: cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The tests confirmed the presence of BDD at the electrode locations, good intrinsic diamond passivation, and low impedance at 1 kHz compared to implants with BDD-only electrodes. After ensuring proper functioning and reliability of the device, the implants were tested in vivo on rodents to probe their visual pathways. A craniotomy was performed on rats (at the Vision Institute) and mice (at EPFL) in order to place the electrodes on their visual cortex. The purpose of this surgical procedure is to make an acute recording of visual evoked potentials (VEPs), which are triggered by visual stimuli. The experiment was successful as the diamond implants were able to record VEPs in different experimental settings in both laboratories. These preliminary results pave the way for the future generation of diamond neural implants to ensure a reliable and stable chronic device
Cervantes, Martínez Claudia Violeta. "Porous and hybrid silica from biocompatible systems : application to drug release". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0295.
Texto completoThe objective of this work focuses on the preparation of porous, hybrid silicate materials doped with an active ingredient, based on biocompatible components for pharmaceutical applications, as drug delivery systems. The motivation for this study is related to the need to meet the growing demand for more effective drugs. The first point of interest of this study concerns the compounds used which are biocompatible, low-cost, and which are good candidates for the formation of mesostructured materials. The surfactant used was Kolliphor EL (KEL) and the oils were Miglyol 812N (Mig), and Isopropyl Myristate (IM). The active ingredient Ketoprofen (KTP) was chosen as the molecule model for the evaluation of release assays. Finally, HeLa cells, a cancer cell, were used to assess the toxicity of the synthesized materials. The first chapter is devoted to the state of the art of molecular structures based on non-ionic surfactants as KEL. Then, the main publications relating to porous and hybrid materials as drug carriers are summarized. At the end of this chapter, the kinetic release models and corresponding equations are presented. The second chapter brings together the methods and characterization techniques used. The third chapter studies the phase behaviour of the KEL/water binary system studied in this work and is described. The different 1- and 2-phase domains were determined and characterized by visual inspection, using polarized light optical microscopy and liquid crystal structures by SAXS. Then, the influence of oil addition in the KEL/water system was studied at 25°C. Ternary phase diagrams were established with Miglyol (Mig) and Isopropyl Myristate (IM). From these Mig and IM-based systems, mesoporous materials were prepared. With optimized synthesis conditions, the mesoporous network was structured in both cases. In the fourth chapter the influence of the addition of a block copolymer, the P123 in the KEL/water system is reported and the phase diagram is present. It evaluated the synergy of the two surfactants to form micelles and liquid crystals. Then, the effect of the addition of P123 micelles in Isopropyl Myristate based fine emulsions on the characteristics of the porous materials thus prepared using different P123 micelle contents, it is possible to vary the degree of porosity of the materials. For emulsion (Em)/micelle P123 proportions less than 50/50, mesoporous silicas with two pore sizes are obtained. When the Em/P123 ratio increases, it is possible to control the porosity of the materials. The fifth chapter concerns the study of the encapsulation of KTP in different systems and its release. Concentrated emulsions as well as hybrid materials based on micellar solutions and fine emulsions have been selected. Release studies were performed with a PbS solution at different pH levels: 7.4; 1.2 and 4.6. The results showed that, under neutral conditions, the KTP released by hybrid materials based on micellar solutions reaches 38% after 24 hours and the pH effect increases the amount of KTP released. Then, the release into a receptor solution with different concentrations of P123 was studied. The results show that the amount of KTP released in the presence of 5% P123, reach 65% after 24 hours. In the last part, the toxicity of doped materials and hybrid systems was assessed. The results show that the silica matrix protects the cells because cell viability is increased, from 64 to almost 80% with hybrid materials
Bertrand, Emmanuel. "Elaboration et caractérisation d'alliages biocompatibles Ti-Ta-Nb présentant des propriétés superélastiques et à mémoire de forme". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00992728.
Texto completoWinninger, Jérémy. "Synthèse et applications de structures hyperramifiées biocompatibles". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH6771/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to proceed to the design of new hyperbranched structures through the synthesis of glycidol-based polymers which can be used in the development of biodegradable copolymers, functional macromonomers and biocompatible magnetic nanocomposites. The first part of this work was the synthesis of hyperbranched macromonomer initiated by hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA), through the study of the synthesis of polyglycerol (PG) by anionic, anionic coordinated and cationic polymerization of glycidol. Synthesis of poly (ε-caprolactone) macromonomers in the presence of various catalyst systems and initiators was also investigated. This part ends by the synthesis of dendrigrafts derived from the copolymerization of the macromonomers, by free radical polymerization or by controlled radical polymerization. The 2nd part of this work has been devoted to the synthesis of hyperbranched biocompatible copolymers obtained by random copolymerization of glycidol with ε-caprolactone in order to obtain hydrolyzable copolymers. The impact of the structure of the copolymers on their physico-chemical properties was then investigated. The biodegradable behavior of these polymers was then investigated through different enzymatic degradation tests. Finally, this work was focused on the development of biocompatible magnetic nanocomposites by the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and the immobilization of linear or hyperbranched polymers on their surface by different chemical grafting methods
Palard, Mickaël. "Synthèse et frittage d’hydroxyapatites phosphocalciques silicatées". Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0a57188a-f515-49eb-b974-67e88f06f89e/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4056.pdf.
Texto completoSilicated hydroxyapatite powders Ca10(PO4)6-x(SiO4)x(OH)2-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) were synthesized by a wet precipitation method with control of the pH and temperature, followed by a heat treatment. The raw materials were composed of a partially silicated and carbonated apatite and a secondary minor phase containing the excess silicon. This excess is fully incorporated in the apatite lattice during the calcination by substituting carbonate groups (CO3 2-) from the synthesis. For xSi ≤ 1 mol, powders are pure. The mechanism of formation of the silicated HA is : Ca10-y(PO4)6-y-w(CO3)y(SiO4)w(OH)2-y-w + y CaSiO3 → Ca10(PO4)6-y-w(SiO4)w+y(OH)2-y-w + y CO2. For xSi > 1 mol, the powders crystallize in a biphasic system, alpha tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. The thermal stability of powders depends on the silicon content. The thermal decomposition of the silicated hydroxyapatite could be written into two steps according to the reactions : Ca10(PO4)6-x(SiO4)x(OH)2-x → (1 – x/2) Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 + (x) Ca3(PO4)2 + (x) Ca2SiO4 (T1) → (1 – x/2) Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 + (x/2) Ca10(PO4)4(SiO4)2 (T2). When silicates were incorporated in the hydroxyapatite lattice, the begining of the sintering and the maximum densification rate were shifted to the high temperatures. The conditions must be adaptated to each composition in order to obtain dense materials (τ> 95%) without secondary phase. Dense ceramics made of pure HA and SixHA containing various amounts of silicate (up to x = 0. 6) were biologically tested in vitro with human osteoblast like cells. The proliferation of cells on the surface of the ceramics increased up to 5 days of culture indicating that the materials were biocompatible. But, the silicon content did not influence the cell proliferation
Chai, Luxiao. "Rapid access to functional oil-filled nanocapsules through nanoprecipitation". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI047.
Texto completoIn this PhD work, we designed a series of precisely-defined water-soluble PVAbased glycopolymer chains with tunable compositions using RAFT copolymerization and selective alcoholysis reactions. In a second approach, we prepared a library of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-based glycopolymers by partial acidic hydrolysis and reductive amination reactions with sugar residues. Relying on the establishment of phase diagrams for water/acetone/oil and water/acetone/polymer ternary systems (commercial PVA, PVA or polyoxazoline-based glycopolymers), we identified the conditions of solvent shifting (in the Ouzo and /or the SFME domains) for which oil-filled nanocapsules can be constructed in one step thanks to spontaneous emulsification of the oil and concomitant adsorption of the polymer chains at the interface. Stabilization of the nanocapsules in water was typically achieved by covalent cross-linking of the shell or, in the case of PVA-based materials, by addition of Na2SO4 (salting out). This straightforward nanoprecipitation process was further effortlessly implemented to confer redox-sensitivity to the polymer shell (to trigger the release of actives), decorate the nanocapsules with diverse molecules of interest and to entrap hydrophobic actives within the oily core. Release of the drugs and bioactivity of the nanocapsules were demonstrated
Caravaca, Carlos Francisco. "Modified functional surfaces for increased biointegration : Surface chemistry, mechanical integrity and long-term stability of zirconia and alumina based ceramics". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI080/document.
Texto completoBioinert ceramics (zirconia, alumina) are used in medical devices in orthopedics and dentistry. Their surfaces may provide different functions: fixation of the device in the living tissue (e.g. dental implants), tribological role(joint substitutions),… In all cases the surfaces are treated to maximize their performance, but this modifications may entail negative consequences. The use of roughness to promote osseointegration of implants is a common practice, especially on dental implants. Roughening is often conducted by mechanical treatments, the most common being sandblasting. Therefore, chapter 2 focus on the implications of roughening by sandblasting on the mechanical behaviour of zirconia, alumina and a zirconia-alumina composite, and the differences between them. The work brought in chapter 3 was carried out entirely during a six-month secondment at CeramTec GmbH. In a bearing couple, lubrication mechanisms are complex and wettability and proteins play a yet-to understand role. The study compared the wettability of different materials, their ability to welcome protein adsorption and the effect of different cleaning procedures on wettability measurements and protein adsorption. Finally, the influence of the surface on cell activity is not driven exclusively by roughness: chemical modifications of the surface may enhance the perception of cells for the surface, and by careful tuning of the surface properties one may achieve a better integration without the downsides of roughness. In chapter 4, we explored a novel modification of zirconia, based on known techniques in chemistry, which introduces molecules with special functional groups capable of rendering the surface friendlier for cell adhesion, and opening the window for new exciting developments in the field of bioinert ceramics
Hidalgo, Crespo Tania. "MOFs à surface modulable pour l’encapsulation et la libération de macromolécules". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV023/document.
Texto completoThe recent emergence of nanometric porous metal-organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) in the biomedical field has recently attracted a great deal of attention owing to their large porosity and versatile composition. Particularly attractive is the mesoporous iron(III) trimesate (MIL-100; MIL stands for Material of Institute Lavoisier), which has shown exceptional loading of challenging drugs, together with their controlled release under physiological conditions and interesting imaging properties. Nevertheless, prior to any bioapplication, it is crucial investigate its toxicity and biodistribution profile, which are strongly affected by multiple factors (e.g. composition, degradability, surface engineering, etc.). Thus, the aim of this PhD work focuses on the evaluation of the nanoMOF biocompatibility and their physiological barrier crossing from different administration routes (specifically intravenous, oral and cutaneous) as a function of their physicochemical properties
Le, Taillandier de Gabory Ludovic. "Etude du comportement d'un implant BCP pour la réparation du septum nasal". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21705/document.
Texto completoThe nasal septum plays a paramount role in the growth of the face and respiratory physiology. Its solidity, its straightness and its sagittal position are determining to perceive a diurnal and night respiratory comfort. Vulnerable to the traumas, the destruction or the inefficiency of its skeleton involves request for a functional and aesthetic repair. In severe cases, the tissue replacement requires large autologous grafts for which the morbidity of the donor site and their own imperfections remain a problem. To replace them, certain biomaterials were tested in an empirical way without giving reliable results. The primary goal of our work was to evaluate the behaviour of a biphasic phosphocalcic implant to repair nasal septum in order to avoid these grafts with an adapted biofunctional implant, exposed to the septic nasal content and the airborne particles of the environment. The second objective was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the double wall carbon nanotubes on epithelial respiratory cells, first organ concerned by a potential exposure during their manufacture. Thereafter, the results of these two different subjects were used in a synergistic way to answer the third objective which was, to evaluate the influence of the carbon nanotubes on the cicatrization of the nasal septum in presence or not of the phosphocalcic implant
Valcarcel, Jean. "Contribution à l'étude d'un modèle in vitro d'interface biologie-matériau : le modèle streptococcus mutans et composites dentaires hybrides : bilan et évaluation de différentes méthodologies d'analyses". Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON12201.
Texto completoMaayouf, Hasna. "Développement de plateformes de signalisation dérivées de particules pseudo-virales pour contrôler les fonctions cellulaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Mulhouse, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024MULH7387.
Texto completoScientists have explored various surface functionalization strategies to improve the biocompatibility of materials used in implantable devices, particularly in tissue engineering. For example, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), although used in many fields, has surface properties that are unfavorable for cell adhesion. Functionalization with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins or synthetic peptides derived from ECM components improves cell adhesion. While these approaches offer some solutions, challenges such as production cost and control over 3D presentation limit their use. To overcome these challenges, we developed virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying bioactive peptides on their surface. The coat protein CP3, derived from the RNA bacteriophage AP205, was genetically modified at both its N- and C-termini to produce VLPs displaying adhesion peptides (RGD and YIGSR) and an osteogenic peptide (BMP2). The bioactivity of the VLPs was tested on PDMS with C2C12 myoblast cells, demonstrating enhanced cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Heteromeric VLPs co-expressing RGD and YIGSR or BMP2 peptides showed combined bioactivity. By comparing focal adhesions formed by RGD VLPs and those formed by fibronectin, we elucidate both the similarities and the differences in cell interactions. These results demonstrate that AP205 VLPs can be used as nanoscale signaling platforms to stimulate multiple cell functions, with promising applications in nanomedicine and biomaterials