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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Matériaux bio composites"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Matériaux bio composites"
Christofoletti, S. R. y M. M. T. Moreno. "Comparação tecnológica, mineralógica e química da Formação Corumbataí em dois polos cerâmicos distintos visando sua aplicação na indústria de revestimentos cerâmicos". Cerâmica 61, n.º 360 (diciembre de 2015): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132015613601951.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Matériaux bio composites"
Sauget, Alix. "Développement de matériaux composites fibreux hautes perfomances à matrice bio-sourcée". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0085/document.
Texto completoChanging our industrial activities towards sustainable development is one of the major human concerns of the 21th century. The use of biomass in various areas like energy, construction and materials is an answer to the future scarcity of fossil resources and to the ecological risks. The objectives of this thesis are to create new materials with the highest bio-based content possible and then to optimize these materials properties for a potential industrial use. The work presented here is about the fabrication of composite materials reinforced with natural fibers, using bio-based resins as a matrix. The main vegetable resources studied here are tannins, used to make: - Tannin – hexamine matrix composites - Tannin – resorcinol – aldehyde matrix composites Vegetable tannins were also studied to prepare tannin – furfuryl alcohol bio-plastics that may be used in the composites fabrication. The composites boards were made in laboratory and mechanically analyzed based on European norms methods. Resins were also characterized using various techniques such as thermomechanical analysis (TMA) or MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. The end results of this work is the fabrication of highly bio-based composite materials, with homogenous and repeatable properties that furthermore satisfy several European norms requirements
Limaiem, Mariem. "Etude de durabilité des ouvrages en béton réparés par des matériaux composites". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1025.
Texto completoThe use of composite materials is widespread in the recent decades to overcome concrete structures damages. Carbone composites showed both excellent mechanical performances and great use simplicity. These materials are still polluting and expensive which is against sustainable development. This work aims to explore the possibility to substitute a Carbone composite (Carbon Fibers Reinforced Polymer CFRP) with a bio resource composite (Flax Fibers Reinforced Polymer FFRP) to repair both mechanically and physically damaged concrete.For this purpose, a detailed characterization of three products and their constituents has been carried out to estimate FFRP properties (chemical, physical and mechanical) against CFRP onesA part of this study is dedicated to compare the efficiency of repairing concrete damaged with different mechanical dame rates with the three composites. Results showed that repairing concrete with FFRP improves its mechanical performances and provides a greet ductility.The second part is devoted to explore repairing physically damaged concrete with freeze/thaw cycles by the three composites. Results showed that repairing physically damage concrete with FFRP is more efficient than mechanically damage one. This part is followed by experimental campaign allowing to rule on the sustainability of concrete repairing with CFRP. Results showed that confined concrete strength with CFRP subjected to 300 freeze/thaw cycles decreased by 50% with keeping ductile behavior. A numerical study has been conducted in parallel to perceive the different behaviors concrete generated by confinement with the three composites.Results showed that using FFRP to repair damaged concrete allowed restituting initial mechanical performances, which incite to their use instead of CFRP
Viel, Marie. "Développement de composites bio-sourcés destinés à l’isolation des bâtiments". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S122/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to develop new bio-based building insulating materials which contribute to reduce their environmental impacts. The developed materials shall have low embodied energy and low carbon footprint. They shall contribute to reduce energy needs of buildings and to ensure high hygrothermal comfort of users. First, raw materials from agricultural resources (hemp shiv, flax shiv, wheat straw, rape straw and corn cobs) are characterized from a chemical, physical, hygrothermal and mechanical point of view, with a aim of developing bio-based composites for the thermal insulation of buildings. Their chemical composition is interesting for the development of green binder. A study to assess this ability is carried out. At the end of the study, two binders corresponding to extractions performed on corn cobs and flax fines are developped. Other binders from industry are also selected for composite production. Then, composites are produced to study the influence of aggregates, binder, granulometry of aggregates, alkaline pre-treatment of aggregates and compaction pressure applied during the processing of composites on their hygrothermal performances and mechanical properties. Finally, the resistance to accidental immersion and humidity and the reaction to fire of the most promising formulations are studied
Musa, Corentin. "Élaboration et caractérisation de matériaux composites biosourcés à base de mucilage et de fibres de lin". Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0535.
Texto completoThe thesis was carried out in a context of development and valorisation of the flax through the conception of new bio-based composite materials made of mucilage and flax fibres. This work initially led to the synthesis of isosorbide epoxy and polyurethane precursors as an alternative to the conventional toxic precursors. For this, we proposed an original route for optimizing the synthesis of isosorbide diglycidyl ether (DGEI) using an ultrasonic process. Subsequently, the comparison of the conversion methods of epoxies into cyclic carbonates by the inclusion of CO₂ served as a basis for the development of an efficient protocol for converting DGEI into isosorbide cyclic carbonates (CCI) under moderate conditions of temperature and pressure. In the second part, the extraction of water-soluble compounds from the flaxseed allowed us to identify the complex structure of the mucilage and the effects of the extraction parameters on its physicochemical and thermal properties. Then, for the first time, oxidation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) mucilage was successfully performed. After that, we have highlighted the enhanced efficiency of ultrasonic assisted oxidation over the conventional method when scaling up the process. In order to improve the fibre/matrix compatibility of natural fibre-based composites, different treatments of short flax fibres led to the individualizationof the fibres and to the improvement of the oxidation of sonicated fibres.These new materials allowed to formulate a series of novel biocomposites. The DGEI have been enhanced by making an amine-crosslinked resin reinforced with long flax fibres which have a comparable performance to oil-based composites. Additionally, the sonication of short flax fibres led to the improvement of the mechanical properties of PLA/Flax composite. The use of oxidized mucilage has demonstrated the beneficial aspects of flax mucilage incorporation into lightweight, compression-resistant composites
Jaillet, Fanny. "Synthèse, formulation et caractérisation de matrices vinylester biosourcées pour l’élaboration de matériaux composites par pultrusion". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENCM0012/document.
Texto completoThe study presented concern the development of composite material (polymer matrix + fibres) in order to produce windows profiles by a pultrusion process. In the context of this work, several biobased vinylester polymers have been developed as matrix of the composite material. A vinylester resin is formed in two steps: firstly the synthesis of vinylester prepolymer, corresponding to a (meth)acrylated monomer carrying an ester function and having polymerizable double bonds at its ends. Next, the formulation of vinylester material is performed by mixing the vinylester prepolymer with a copolymerizable monomer, called reactive diluent. Finally, the material is crosslinked by radical polymerization, using a radical initiator.First, a model study was conducted: in the synthesis of vinylester prepolymer from a template molecule (DGEBA) to the formulation of a vinylester material by radical polymerization. Severals bioresources were then studied in order to replace the DGEBA which is from bisphenol A, compound CMR, group 2. The strategy was first to study marketed bioresources, such as vegetable oils and cardanol which is a by-product of the cashew nut shell industry. Next, a non-biobased but not listed compound, of the name of TACTIX has also been studied. Finally, bioresources not currently marketed, such as isosorbide which is a sugar derivative and phloroglucinol, which is extracted of bark of trees have also been studied for the synthesis of VE prepolymers and VE materials. The reactive diluent the most currently used is styrene, which is a very volatile and harmful compound. Several reactive diluents were tested with the VE prepolymers synthesized in order to replace the styrene by compounds with low volatility and less harmful. Finally, three composites materials reinforced with flax fibres, were made by mini-pultrusion, from the systems studied (VE prepolymer synthesized and reactive diluent)
Lévêque, Maxime. "Évaluation du potentiel d’un polymère bio-sourcé, PA11, pour applications piézoélectriques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10194.
Texto completoIn the last few years it has been an increasing demand for the elaboration of flexible energy conversion sources due to the rapid increase in the usage of portable electronic devices. The piezoelectric conversion from vibration sources could be an interesting way to charge small systems. In this work, we investigate the potential of bio-based polyamide 11 (PA11) polymer films. At first, the effect of physical and chemical treatments on the development of crystalline phases in polyamide 11 has been thoroughly investigated. In a second step, nanoclays have been used as structural modifiers in PA 11 matrix. Nanocomposites were prepared using layered and tubular clays by melt-blending process and it was found that addition of layered silicates (cloisite 20A, cloisite 10A and cloisite Na+) results in an increase in mechanical properties, while the addition of tubular silicates (halloysite nanotube) has no significant effect. Addition of clay is not significant on the structural quality of the obtained nanocomposites. PA11 nanocomposite loaded with Cloisite Na+ have shown the best piezoelectric properties. It appears that the higher value of the polarity of Cloisite Na + may be responsible of the best answer to the polarization of the composites. A specific method for the quantification of energy vibration recovery has been developed for these nanocomposites. The capabilities of vibrational energy recovery were studied on PA11 loaded with Cloisite Na+
Vo, Van Son. "Élaboration, caractérisation et simulation de nanocomposites argile-polymère : des nouveaux matériaux pour l'éco-conception". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1162/document.
Texto completoClay nanoparticles (CNP) are abundantly available low-cost natural resources with numerous positive attributes such as large surface area, impermeability to gas, superior mechanical and thermal properties so that they have attracted over the last three decades significant attention, notably for the reinforcement of polymer-based materials. However, CNP suffer from incompatibility, hence weak interfacial interactions and poor dispersion with/in most of organic polymeric materials because of their intrinsic hydrophilicity and strong interlayer interactions. This limitation is one of the major reasons why polymer nanocomposites have to date remained mainly in laboratories. Thus, one of the key challenges in developing clay-based polymer nanocomposites (PCNs) with advanced thermo-mechanical, gas barrier...properties relies on the control at the molecular level of the interface properties of clay nanoplatelets-filled polymer resins. Taking into account the criteria for sustainable development, civil engineering and green economy, we have developed, in the first part of this thesis, reactive and pre-exfoliated clay nanofillers that may be further incorporated in a diverse set of biopolymer matrices and giving rise to strong energy interactions with the said matrices for improved mechanical behavior. To ensure a closer fit of these specifications we have implemented green approaches for the preparation of these generic nanofillers, namely photopolymerisation was used as a low energy consumption and fast method for the surface functionalization of native clays, solvent-free protocols were applied to prepare polymer nanocomposites, while biopolymers (starch, cellulose) or bio-based precursors (epoxidized vegetal oils) served as dispersion media. By controlling the preparation conditions, reactive clay nanofillers with adjustable interlayer spacing and chemical surface reactivity were prepared. Of particular interest is that the layered-like structure of the clay nano ller is preserved while the d-interlayer spacing can be increased though increasing the photopolymerization time, i.e. amount of polymer within the clay nanosheets. Our major results from the the first part can be summarized as follows: Morphology and reactivity of clay nanofillers are easily controlled though adjusting the photopolymerization time and selecting adequate vinyl monomer. - The newly preparation methods allow preparation of samples beyond the gram-scale. - Reactive and surface chemistry of pre-exfoliated clay nanofillers can be tuned to provide compatibility with both conventional preformed biopolymers and bio-based epoxy resins. - The mechanical properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites are improved as compared to the neat polymeric matrices owing to the strong interface interaction between fillers and dispersion matrices
Menager, Charlotte. "Valorisation du liège et de la subérine pour l’élaboration de résines thermodurcissables et de composites bio-sourcés". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4109.
Texto completoCork is derived from the cork oak outer bark (Quercus suber L.) which is harvested around each ten years. This material is known mainly for its use in wine and building industries for cork stoppers production, on the first hand and for the manufacture of agglomerated insulated cork panels with a polyurethane resin on the second hand. However during the industrial cork processing, cork residues are produced which are representing 20 % of total cork production. The granulometry of these residues is too low and they are not suitable for cork conventional applications. The goal of this thesis is to valorize the use of cork residues and to agglomerate them thanks to a biobased resin that can replace the use of petrochemical resin. In a first part, mechanisms of polymerisation of a first biobased matrix is studied based on epoxidized linseed oil thanks to the use of isoconversional method. Performances of three dicarboxylic acids with a various carbon chain length are compared as hardener. Then, the major component of cork, named suberin, is extracted in the form of two different textures. Secondly, suberin is also extracted with a way more adapted for industrial constraints in order to produce it for low value-added applications. A study of the reactivity between epoxidized linseed oil and suberin is drived to design a new biobased thermoset material. Finally two types of biobased cork composites are studied in this PhD work with two different matrix: the poly(furfuryl alcohol) and epoxidized vegetal oils. The fracture surfaces as well as thermal and mechanical properties of these composites are observed, studied and compared to samples agglomerated with commercially available on polyurethane resin
Goumghar, Amirouche. "Élaboration et étude des performances dynamiques de composite bio-sourcés à architecture hybride lin—verre". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS002.
Texto completoThe use of natural fibre-reinforced composite materials is growing in various sectors such as automotive and packaging. However, the problem of their sensitivity to humidity still hinders their use in applications exposed to extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, the hybridization of natural fibres with synthetic fibres can constitute a promising way to improve some properties of natural fibre-reinforced composites. It is in this context that the present doctoral work is situated. It presents an experimental analysis of the tensile-tensile fatigue and low-energy impact fatigue behaviour of non-hybrid and hybrid flax-glass/epoxy laminates. An investigation of their durability after water aging until saturation is also presented. To this end, several plates of non-hybrid and hybrid flax-glass/epoxy composites have been fabricated by the vacuum infusion process. First, we carried out a monotonic tensile characterization of the studied composites and evaluated the kinetics of moisture diffusion within these materials. The results of these tests show that the addition of glass layers to the flax/epoxy laminate improves its mechanical properties and also reduces its mass of water absorbed at saturation. Then, cyclic fatigue tests were performed on unaged and aged composite specimens. These fatigue tests were coupled with the acoustic emission technique in order to identify the damage mechanisms and their chronology of appearance. To evaluate the effect of fatigue loading on the loss of stiffness, hysteresis loops and the damping factor of non-hybrid and hybrid composites were investigated. The analysis of the acoustic signals makes it possible to identify three classes of acoustic signals in all the studied composites. These three classes are attributed to the main damage mechanisms such as matrix cracking, fibre/matrix decohesion and fibre breakage. This attribution is supported by microscopic observations obtained using a scanning electron microscope. Finally, low-energy impact fatigue tests were performed on unaged and aged composite samples. The obtained results clearly show that the flax/epoxy composite absorbs a large part of the impact energy and transforms it into elastic energy. However, the glass/epoxy laminate consumes this energy in damage and breakage. In addition, water aging weakens all the studied composites and reduces their resistance to impact fatigue
Dobircau, Larisa. "Relations structures-propriétés dans les composites 100 % naturels, bio-sourcés, renforcés par des fibres végétales". Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES016.
Texto completoOver the last decades the consumption of synthetic polymers and their products increased rapidly and the problems concerning the plastic wastages are now one of the most important limiting factors for its extensive usages. The research efforts are being harnessed in the development of fully biodegradable "green" materials. Among these new materials , plastics resulting from bio-resources in general, and starch in particular, seem to be able to replace polymers resulting from petro chemistry. Thus, the primary goal of this work was to study the effect of the composition of a wheat flour based matrix on the physical properties. By the mean of an extrusion process, we carried out films with different compositions and compared the structures, morphologies, the thermal and mechanical properties obtained. Then, we focused on the valorisation of natural fibres (cotton, flax and bamboo) by their incorporation in our matrix. These fibres were not chosen by hazard, indeed, cotton is resulting from the recycling of fabric cutting, the short flax fibres are a by-product of the production of long fibres and finally the bamboo because this plant can present very fast growths. We could show initially that the matrix composition initially established in a patent can be simplified and improved by the suppresion of certain components like silica, stearate of magnesium and partly the sorbitol. Then, "low-tech" 100 % natural composites (short life time) were carried out by varying the nature of the reinforcement used. In the future, these performances will make it possible to target quite specific markets
Libros sobre el tema "Matériaux bio composites"
S, Kaith B., Kaur Inderjeet y SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites: Green Chemistry and Technology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.
Buscar texto completoKaur, Inderjeet, Susheel Kalia y B. S. Kaith. Cellulose Fibers : Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites: Green Chemistry and Technology. Springer, 2016.
Buscar texto completoKaur, Inderjeet, Susheel Kalia y B. S. Kaith. Cellulose Fibers : Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites: Green Chemistry and Technology. Springer, 2011.
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